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癌治療用として急速な普及をみせているコバルトおよびライナック装置による治療のモニターとしてX線透視テレビを完成した.10MeV前後の高エネルギーX線による透視螢光像は, 輝度が低くコントラストが悪いためテレビ表示は容易でなかった.最近開発されたシリコン電子増倍形超高感度撮像管 (SEM管) の応用と, 新らしい螢光板の開発とにより予期以上の映像を得た.

This paper presents a new method for obtaining plane images perpendicular to the axis of the transducer and discusses some resolution improvement techniques utilizing a computer. The method, called C-mode scan, is carried out by successive application of a conventional B-mode scan, and supplies more information such as the outline, size, and extent of a lesion such as a breast tumor. To improve the resolution of a transducer, a deconvolution technique together with non-linear filtering are employed from a spectral point of view. Several clinical images produced by C-mode and the computer improvement of resolution are demonstrated.

Drs. Yokoi and Ito at Osaka University have developed several new methods for displaying more effectively a greater proportion of the received echo information than is currently displayed during B scan ultrasonic examinations.' Based on a visit to Japan and constant communication with Drs. Yokoi and Ito, this presentation will attempt to describe their work and suggest how it may improve ultrasonic diagnostic capability.

Microfluorometry of the guinea-pig hippocampal slice loaded with Ca2+-indicator was carried out in parallel with extracellular population spike recording. Increase of the fluorescence, most probably representing elevation of Ca2+ level in postsynaptic cytoplasm of CA1 pyramidal cells, occurred upon establishment of LTP. However, exposure to high K medium or NMDA which did not lead to LTP also evoked comparable fluorescence increase.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is the persistent facilitation of synaptic responses induced by a brief tetanic stimulation (tetanus). Replacement of a standard solution containing 2.0 mM Ca2+ with one containing 1.0 mM Ca2+ for 5 min, either immediately after or during tetanus, significantly inhibited the induction of LTP. Furthermore, similar results were obtained when Verapamil or Loperamide, presumable Ca2+ antagonists, was applied immediately after tetanus. From these results, it was concluded that the induction of LTP requires extracellular Ca2+ after as well as during tetanus.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies in humans, often demonstrating resistance to multimodal therapeutic approaches. The median survival of ATC patients after initial diagnosis was reported to be < 6 months due to the rapid progression of disease by dissemination and/or invasion. There have been several reports describing possible effective chemotherapies, but these studies might be biased by the nature of retrospective accumulations of clinical experiences, and thus reliable data concerning the efficacies of the treatment efforts are required. Design: In 2009, we established the research organization Anaplastic Carcinoma Research Consortium Japan (ATCCJ) to investigate this highly malignant disease. Using this nationwide organization, we conducted a prospective clinical study to investigate the feasibility, safeness, and efficacy of chemotherapy with weekly paclitaxel for ATC patients. This trial is registered on the clinical trials site of the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry Web site (UMIN000008574). The study was started in 2012, and enrollment was closed in March 2014 after accumulating 71 patients from 28 registered institutes. The follow-up data will be available in April 2015. Discussion: Important information concerning the management of this disease is expected to be revealed by this study. The concept and design of the study are described herein.

ITO, K., MIYAKAWA, H. and KATO, H. The Long-Term Facilitation of Neuronal Activity Produced by Repeated Pairing of an Orthodromic Stimulus and Antidromic Stimuli in the Sliced Hippocampal Formation. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1986, 150 (2), 229-230-Long-term facilitation in extracellulary recorded population spikes was demonstrated by repeated paired stimulation (RPS) in CAl neurons of the guinea pig hippocampal slices. Paired stimulation, consisting of a single orthodromic “test” stimulus and a train (5 pulses at 200Hz) of antidromic stimuli with an interstimulus interval (ISI) of 20, 500msec or 1sec was repeated every 5sec over a 250sec period. The amplitude of the population spike in response to the test stimulus increased gradually after RPS and reached a plateau level 30-50min after RPS. The plateau value was dependent on ISI; the shorter the ISI the greater the increase of responses. In contrast, no facilitation was observed when either the test stimulus or the antidromic stimuli were applied separately, without pairing.