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X-ray diffraction of La(1.8)Ba(0.2)CuO(4-y) reveals two macroscopically segregated tetragonal (K2NiF4-type) phases of nearly identical lattice parameter. Many peaks show additional broadening upon cooling. This broadening is consistent with a spontaneous monoclinic distortion, with an onset temperature of about 150 K, and is possibly relevant to the superconducting properties. Small single crystals of about 70 micron diameter within the powder aggregate are also studied and show a similar two-phase constituency and a resolvable peak splitting at low temperature.

Because of the frequency of fungal keratitis due to Fusarium solani, we needed a sustained, progressive infection in an animal model to determine the mechanisms of pathogenicity and to evaluate the new antifungal agents. Pigmented rabbits interlamellarly injected with actively germinating conidia from lyophilized temperature-tolerant strains of F. solani produced sustained culture-positive ulcers in high percentage of eyes at two and three weeks, pretreatment with subconjunctival corticosteroids was necessary. Histopathology, although a poor index of infectivity since some corneas with plentiful hyphal fragments had negative cultures, simulated human fungal pathology.

Summary. Using B1, Y29/55 and AL2 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to target Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell lines, we defined optimal conditions to lyse, in the presence of baby rabbit complement, BL cells in excess bone marrow (BM). After the purging procedure, down to one residual BL cell in 106 normal ones was detectable with a liquid cell culture assay. Using a cocktail of three MoAbs, on five different cell lines were observed more than 4 log BL cell depletion in samples contaminated with 1% BL cells and only one failure of the procedure on 17 experiments. However, a sixth line was constantly resistant to the procedure.

An outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) due to enterovirus type 70 occurred in Dade County, Florida, from September to December 1981. Younger age groups, members of larger households, and the poor were at significantly greater risk of acquiring AHC than others in the community. Schoolchildren were most likely to introduce AHC into the household. After exclusion of all affected children from school, there was a dramatic reduction in reported cases, with attack ratesups, members of larger households, and the poor were at significantly greater risk of acquiring AHC than others in the community. Schoolchildren were most likely to introduce AHC into the household. After exclusion of all affected children from school, there was a dramatic reduction in reported cases, with attack ratesups, members of larger households, and the poor were at significantly greater risk of acquiring AHC than others in the community. Schoolchildren were most likely to introduce AHC into the household. After exclusion of all affected children from school, there was a dramatic reduction in reported cases, with attack rates declining more rapidly for school-aged children than for other age groups. Although AHC spread readily among family members, a retrospective study of 124 affected households showed an association between lower attack rates and simple hygienic measures. Should outbreaks of AHC recur, measures to reduce transmission should include exclusion of affected schoolchildren and educating the public about hygienic precautions.

Elimination of neoplastic B cell populations from autologous bone marrow grafts also removes normal B lymphocytes. This is potentially hazardous for the reconstitution of the immune system in patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and total body irradiation followed by autologous marrow rescue. Five pediatric patients with B cell non- Hodgkin's lymphoma in first remission undergoing such a regimen were studied. They received bone marrow pretreated with anti-Y 29/55 monoclonal antibody and complement. B and T lymphocyte subpopulations reached normal levels within 6 months after autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT), and serum immunoglobulin levels became normal within 4 to 9 months. Vaccination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid, trivalent poliomyelitis vaccine of the Salk type, and pneumococcal capsular antigens (38 to 54 months after transplantation) gave rise to specific antibody production. ABO isoagglutinins could be demonstrated in all patients. The response pattern was similar to that of patients who received unmanipulated autologous bone marrow. It is concluded that ex vivo anti-Y 29/55 depletion of the marrow graft does not induce relevant disturbances of humoral immune functions.

T lymphocyte colony forming cells (TL-CFC) grown in agar in the presence of PHA were assayed for their capacity to induce or suppress polyclonal PWM dependent B lymphocyte differentiation into plasma cells. This was measured by identifying cells containing intracytoplasmatic immunoglobulins by direct immunofluorescence. To validate the helper and suppressor system used in this paper, the inductive capacity of unfractionated T lymphocytes and their subpopulations bearing Fc-receptors for IgM (TM) and for IgG (TG) was measured. The unfractionated T cells and the TM fraction showed helper activity, whereas the TG cells expressed suppressor activity. The TL-CFC grown in agar in the presence of PHA manifested helper activity at low cell concentration. However, increasing the TL-CFC concentration finally caused suppression of B cell differentiation. The suppressor effect could be abolished by prior irradiation of the TL-CFC before seeding them in agar. These results indicate that T cells grown in agar have the functional capacity of T helper and T suppressor cells to induce and suppress polyclonal PWM dependent B lymphocyte differentiation into plasma cells.

Branhamella catarrhalis, formerly known as Neisseria catarrhalis, has structural similarities to Neisseria gonorrhoeae , but is generally considered to be nonpathogenic. We studied the clinical and laboratory data of four previously reported cases and six additional cases of B. catarrhalis keratitis. All patients had a predisposing ocular or systemic condition, or both. There were various clinical characteristics, but in most cases the infiltrate occurred in the central or paracentral cornea. A prompt response to treatment with a cephalosporin and aminoglycoside antibiotic was noted in all cases. Two patients had corneal perforations, which probably resulted from a delay in treatment. Gram-negative diplococci from corneal scrapings may not necessarily represent N. gonorrhoeae.

A retrospective study of 40 cases of postoperative endophthalmitis was conducted between July 1979 and May 1981. Treatment consisted of topical, periocular, and systemic antibiotics, as well as the use of intraocular antibiotic injection in all cases. In addition, 22 cases had a diagnostic and therapeutic vitrectomy. The cases selected for vitrectomy included cases with worse presenting visual acuity, higher percentage of positive culture results, and more virulent organisms. Because of a poor clinical response to initial therapy, 13 cases had repeat intraocular cultures performed between 24 and 72 hours at the time of repeat intraocular antibiotic injection. All 13 repeat intraocular cultures were negative. Complications of the treatment included four retinal detachments (three in the vitrectomy group). In the culture-positive cases, a final visual acuity of 20/400 or better was achieved in 13 of 29 cases (45%), and complete loss of vision (NLP) resulted in 10 of the 29 cases (34%).

Twenty-six eye bank eyes underwent radial keratotomy (RK] with continuous monitoring of the intraocular pressure (IOP), All procedures were identical except for the fixation device utilized; eight were performed with a 3 mm 2prong forcep, eight with a 16 mm ring, and the remainder with a vacuum fixation ring. The surgeries with the 2-prong forcep demonstrated the highest peak intraocular pressures with the greatest scatter, while the vacuum ring gave the lowest IOP. Ocular stabilization during surgery was by far the least wif h the 2prong forceps, considerably improved with the 16 mm ring, and further enhanced with the vacuum ring. Ail three fixation devices yielded comparable reductions from the preoperative to the postoperative IOPs, one-third to onehalf of the preoperative value.

Analytical expressions for bubble radii and growth rates derived by the authors are applied in an analysis of surface boiling at high heat transfer rates. It is shown that the product of bubble radius and radial velocity is a constant, independent of the bubble radius. This circumstance permits the formulation of a Reynolds number for the flow in the thin superheated liquid layer adjacent to the heating surface. The result of the analysis is then applied to maximal heat transfer rates in pool boiling.

The integro‐differential equation for the growth of a vapor bubble in a superheated liquid is formulated and discussed. It is shown that two distinct time domains exist: one, of the order of 10−4 second, during which the effect of the hydrodynamic forces may be an important factor in the growth of the bubble, and another, during which this effect is unimportant. An integral equation is formulated for the latter domain. A solution of the problem, in closed form, valid for the entire interval of interest is presented; it agrees very well with experimental data for various superheats.

Corneal grafts performed on 398 recipient eyes with at least six months follow up and adequate donor information were evaluated to determine the relationship of donor age to success in penetrating keratoplasty. Graft results, classified as clear, nebulous, or edematous, were compared in each of four donor age groups within three prognostic categories. No statistically significant difference in results due to donor age could be demonstrated.

During the past 25 years much attention has been given by prominent statistical writers, especially J. Neyman and E. S. Pearson, to building up the theory of the Testing of Statistical Hypotheses. This theory and the practical tests which have been developed from it are of great interest to actuaries, those employed in normal actuarial spheres as well as those employed in purely statistical roles. The leading exponents of the theory, however, are mathematicians of no mean standing and the subject has been approached from a mathematical angle. From the point of view of the actuary or student whose study of mathematics has not proceeded beyond that of the Institute's examination syllabus this is unfortunate, as the consequent complexity of the approach masks from him the essential simplicity of the basic ideas underlying the theory.

The two best-known integration methods for nonlinear hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations, i.e. the method of characteristics and the explicit difference method, are examined with respect to systematic calculation of complicated technical problems of instationary compressible pipe flow, especially with regard to their adaptability to computer solution. Although difference methods are much easier to program than characteristic methods, they generally tend to produce unpredictable errors, at least in their current form. Therefore, it is the aim of this paper to develop and test difference algorithms for some of the most usual boundary conditions of technical pipe flow, including such essentially two-dimensional configurations as the flow through bends and branches.

I cannot recall that national fuel policy has ever previously been the subject of a paper to the Institute, though it is becoming quite usual for the Institute to address itself to subjects outside the traditional actuarial fields. Nearly all the Alfred Watson Memorial Lectures, for example, have been on outside subjects and two of these, ‘Some thoughts on economic forecasting’ by Sir Alexander Cairncross (as he is now) and ‘Problems in forecasting in the chemical industry’ by Sir Paul Chambers, have certain links with the subject of this paper.

Summary Mutations in the BIGH3 gene on chromosome 5q31 cause four distinct autosomal dominant diseases of the human cornea: granular (Groenouw type I), Reis-Bucklers, lattice type I, and Avellino corneal dystrophies. All four diseases are characterized by both progressive accumulation of corneal deposits and eventual loss of vision. We have identified a specific recurrent missense mutation for each type of dystrophy, in 10 independently ascertained families. Genotype analysis with microsatellite markers surrounding the BIGH3 locus was performed in these 10 families and in 5 families reported previously. The affected haplotype could be determined in 10 of the 15 families and was different in each family. These data indicate that R555W, R124C, and R124H mutations occurred independently in several ethnic groups and that these mutations do not reflect a putative founder effect. Furthermore, this study confirms the specific importance of the R124 and R555 amino acids in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant corneal dystrophies linked to 5q.

François-Neetens fleck corneal dystrophy (CFD) is a rare, autosomal dominant corneal dystrophy characterized by numerous small white flecks scattered in all layers of the stroma. Linkage analysis localized CFD to a 24-cM (18-Mb) interval of chromosome 2q35 flanked by D2S2289 and D2S126 and containing PIP5K3. PIP5K3 is a member of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase family and regulates the sorting and traffic of peripheral endosomes that contain lysosomally directed fluid phase cargo, by controlling the morphogenesis and function of multivesicular bodies. Sequencing analysis disclosed missense, frameshift, and/or protein-truncating mutations in 8 of 10 families with CFD that were studied, including 2256delA, 2274delCT, 2709C--T (R851X), 3120C--T (Q988X), IVS19-1G--C, 3246G--T (E1030X), 3270C--T (R1038X), and 3466A--G (K1103R). The histological and clinical characteristics of patients with CFD are consistent with biochemical studies of PIP5K3 that indicate a role in endosomal sorting.

In a 15-year-old boy a culture-proved keratitis after a corneal perforation healed without antifungal agents after corneal suturing and application of tissue glue. Eight months later a posterior corneal abscess developed. Diagnostic and therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty was performed when the lesion failed to respond to pimaricin. Cultures were positive for Acremonium potronii, the same fungus isolated from the original corneal laceration eight months previously. To our acknowledge, this is the first case report of a central corneal ulcer or abscess due to this specific organism.

Experimental bacterial endophthalmitis in the rabbit was easily produced. Reisolation of bacteria by anterior chamber paracentesis correlated with clinical infection in the rabbit. Therefore, we recommend diagnostic anterior chamber paracentesis in human cases of suspect bacterial endophthalmitis.

A 68-year-old woman had a marked decrease in visual acuity, increased intraocular pressure, and acute iridocyclitis. She developed a pigmented hypopyon simulating an occult intraocular melanoma. Two anterior chamber paracenteses showed growth of Listeria monocytogenes. The patient received systemic intravenous penicillin, topical fortified gentamicin sulfate drops, and intraocular injections of cephaloridine. On discharge from the hospital after a two-week stay, visual acuity had improved and intraocular pressure had decreased.

Summary A simple procedure is described whereby both a priori and a posteriori pedigree data, together with a relevant laboratory analytical value, can be utilised in the calculation, for any individual in a defined population, of a single index expressing the probability of heterozygosity for a particular autosomally inherited recessive defect. An hereditary disorder of the blood coagulation system, factor-VII deficiency (hypoproconvertinaemia), in Beagles was used as the model for this project. Zusammenfassung Beurteilung der Heterozygotie-Wahrscheinlichkeit (Phet) fur ein einzelnes autosomales rezessives Merkmal bei Beagles: Ein Gesamtindex fur Phet unter Einbeziehung von Abstammung und Labordaten Ein einfaches Verfahren wird beschrieben, in welchem sowohl die Daten der Ahnen als auch der Nachkommen zusammen mit einem relevanten analytischen Laboratoriumswert zur Berechnung eines einzelnen Index verwendet werden. Dieser Index kann fur jedes Individuum in einer definierten Population berechnet werden, um die Heterozygotie-Wahrscheinlichkeit fur einen bestimmten hereditaren rezessiven Defekt zu schatzen. Als Modell fur dieses Projekt diente eine erbliche Storung des Blutgerinnungssystems, die Faktor-VII-Insuffizienz (Hypoproconvertinamie) bei Beagles. Resume Evaluation de la probabilite d'heterozygotie (Phet) pour un caractere recessif autosome unique: un index unique pour Phet comprenant le pedigree et les donnees de laboratoire Un procede simple est decrit dans lequel les donnees des ancetres aussi bien que celles des descendants sont untilisees en meme temps qu'une valeur analytique significative de laboratoire pour calculer un index unique. Cet index peut etre calcule pour chaque individu dans une population definie afin d'estimer la probabilite d'heterozygotie pour un defaut recessif determine et hereditaire. Un trouble hereditaire du systeme de coagulation sanguine, l'insuffisance du facteur VII (hypoproconvertinemie) chez des Beagles, a servi de modele pour ce projet. Resumen Evaluacion de la probabilidad de heterozigocia (Phet) para una caracteristica autosomica recesiva unica: un indice simple de Phet incorporando la genealogia y los datos de laboratorio Se describe un procedimiento simple, en el cual se utilizan tanto los datos genealogicos a priori como los a posteriori, junto con un valor analitico relevante de laboratorio para calcular un indice unico. Este indice se puede calcular para cada individuo en una poblacion definida, para valuar la probabilidad de heterozigocia para un defecto hereditario autosomico recesivo determinado. Como modelo para este proyecto sirvio un trastorno hereditario en el sistema de coagulacion de la sangre, la deficiencia del factor VII (hipoproconvertinemia) en los beagles.

• Some of the gram-positive isolates from exogenous bacterial endophthalmitis cases treated at our institution have been found to be resistant to either cefazolin sodium, gentamicin sulfate, or both. However, all of these isolates have been sensitive to vancomycin. These findings prompted us to reevaluate the retinal toxicity and clearance of intravitreal vancomycin in pigmented rabbits. Doses up to 2 mg were found to be nontoxic in phakic and aphakic-vitrectomized eyes. Clearance was determined in phakic and aphakic-vitrectomized rabbit eyes with or without intact lens capsules. The antibiotic was cleared most slowly in phakic eyes. Aphakic-vitrectomized eyes without an intact lens capsule cleared antibiotic most rapidly, while aphakic-vitrectomized eyes with intact capsules exhibited an intermediate clearance rate. In addition, the interaction between vancomycin and gentamicin on gram-positive endophthalmitis isolates was found to be additive or synergistic depending on the bacterial species. Based on these data, we recommend the combination of vancomycin and an aminoglycoside as the initial antibiotic therapy for exogenous bacterial endophthalmitis.

Elimination of neoplastic B cell populations from autologous bone marrow grafts also removes normal B lymphocytes. This is potentially hazardous for the reconstitution of the immune system in patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and total body irradiation followed by autologous marrow rescue. Five pediatric patients with B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in first remission undergoing such a regimen were studied. They received bone marrow pretreated with anti-Y 29/55 monoclonal antibody and complement. B and T lymphocyte subpopulations reached normal levels within 6 months after autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT), and serum immunoglobulin levels became normal within 4 to 9 months. Vaccination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid, trivalent poliomyelitis vaccine of the Salk type, and pneumococcal capsular antigens (38 to 54 months after transplantation) gave rise to specific antibody production. ABO isoagglutinins could be demonstrated in all patients. The response pattern was similar to that of patients who received unmanipulated autologous bone marrow. It is concluded that ex vivo anti-Y 29/55 depletion of the marrow graft does not induce relevant disturbances of humoral immune functions.

The reactivity of normal tonsilar cells with the monoclonal antibody anti-Y29/55 is characterized at the tissue and ultrastructural cytological level. Using an indirect immuno-alkaline phosphatase method on frozen sections the antibody labels mantle zone and germinal center lymphocytes. This staining reaction is more generalized in B-lymphocyte areas than that obtained with antibodies to IgM and IgD. By indirect immunoperoxidase staining, as well as by an indirect rosetting procedure in cell suspensions, the reactive cell population were either small resting lymphocytes or activated lymphocytes corresonding to centrocytes, centroblasts, immunoblasts and plasmoblasts ; some plasma cells were also labeled. These results characterize the monoclonal antibody anti-Y29/55 as a pan-B-marker antibody, useful for labeling resting and activated peripheral B-lymphocytes in frozen tissue sections and cell suspensions.

The scanning laser acoustic microscope (SLAM) at 100 MHz and backscattering acoustic technique (BAT) at 10-40 MHz were used to examine the normal canine skin. Skin specimens from four animals and from four locations on the animal were analyzed biochemically and morphologically as well as acoustically. At 100 MHz, the mean ultrasonic speed obtained with the SLAM was 1632+or-34 m/s and the mean attenuation coefficient at 25 MHz was 13+or-4 Np/cm. The biochemical analyses yielded a collagen concentration of 20+or-2% of the net weight or 65+or-12% of the dried defatted weight and a water concentration of 60+or-3% of the wet tissue. >

In 33 eyes suspected of harboring infectious endophthalmitis, samples for culture were taken by aspiration of the aqueous or vitreous or both, or by swabbing of open wounds. The same organism grew in two or more culture media in 14 cases; in five cases only one culture medium was positive; in 14 the cultures were negative. Three of the 14 eyes with positive cultures retained useful vision; all three yieldedStaphylococcus epidermidis. In two of these, antibiotics were given by intraocular injection. Only one of the 14 eyes with negative cultures lost useful vision.

Twenty-seven cases of culture-positive endophthalmitis that developed after ocular trauma were reviewed. The intraocular culture specimens showed a virulent microbiologic spectrum with Bacillus sp as the most common isolate (8 eyes). The visual prognosis was poor, with only 22% of patients retaining 20/400 or better vision. This level of vision was achieved in 2 of 22 (9%) bacterial cases and in four of five (80%) fungal cases. Retinal detachment (5 cases) or retinal breaks (2 cases) at the time of the initial injury had a uniformly poor visual prognosis. Postoperative retinal detachment not associated with phthisis bulbi occurred in five eyes, three of which had successful retinal reattachment surgery. Delayed onset retinal detachment after successful initial management of traumatic endophthalmitis had a greater frequency of successful retinal reattachment surgery.

• The limulus lysate assay is an inexpensive, reliable, and rapid means of detecting and presence of Gram-negative endotoxin. In all ten cases of experimentally induced Proteus endophthalmitis in rabbits, the assay was positive, and the assay was appropriately negative in all ten cases of Staphylococcal endophthalmitis, ten cases of Candida endophthalmitis, and ten cases of sterile endophthalmitis in rabbits. In a clinical assessment of keratitis, the assay of corneal scrapings was positive in 11 of 13 Gram-negative corneal ulcers. In a similar study of clinical endophthalmitis, both Gram-negative cases had a negative limulus assay, but two cases are insufficient to be conclusive. The assay may prove to be a useful adjunct both to standard diagnostic evaluations and in the rapid direction of appropriate therapy for these conditions.

The predicted sensitivities of common organisms guide initial antibiotic therapy in endophthalmitis. The authors suspected a change in the expected sensitivity of coagulase-negative staphylococci when three cases of endophthalmitis due to multiply resistant organisms failed to respond to intravitreal cefazolin and gentamicin. The authors reviewed 48 cases from 1982 to 1986, compared these with 28 cases from 1973 to 1981, they found increased resistance to gentamicin (35 versus 0%, P less than 0.05) and increased resistance to methicillin (27 versus 19%). Eight cases were resistant to both antibiotics, including the three clinical failures. Final vision was unrelated to antimicrobial resistance. Since cephalosporins may be ineffective clinically against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, concomitant gentamicin resistance may render intravitreal cefazolin and gentamicin inadequate for their treatment. No isolates were resistant to vancomycin. Vancomycin and aminoglycoside, used intravitreally in the initial management of endophthalmitis, would be anticipated to provide better coverage than cefazolin and aminoglycoside for endophthalmitis due to the staphylococci, as well as for infections due to streptococcal and bacillus species.

Four cases of human keratitis caused by the tropical fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae have been encountered in Miami, Florida bringing to 8 the number of cases reported in the world literature. Two of the ulcers were mild. Three patients recovered without severe impairment of vision after topical polyene treatment, but 1 patient with a severe ulcer required therapeutic keratoplasty after 11 days of topical natamycin. Histopathology revealed fungus deep in the cornea, invading Descemet's membrane. L. theobromae appeared to have collagenase activity in vitro.Inoculation of L. theobromae into the corneas of rabbits produced progressive ulcers. The fungus was endemic in Miami on home grown and imported bananas. Polyene antimycotic antibiotics were fungicidal for L. theobromae in vitro. Thiabendazole was effectively fungistatic but varied in fungicidal effect. Clotrimazole and miconazole were only incompletely fungistatic. Of 7 strains of L. theobromae tested, 4 were relatively resistant to 5-fluorocytosine.

• A total of 240 consecutive penetrating keratoplasties with a minimum six months' follow-up were examined to determine the influence of preoperative prognosis, donor age, death-enucleation time, death-surgery time, and surgical experience on graft clarity. Graft results, classified as clear, nebulous, or edematous, were compared within two prognostic categories in aphakic, combined, and phakic keratoplasty groups. Preoperative prognostic groups and surgical experience appeared to be most important in affecting graft clarity, whereas the donor age, death-enucleation time, and death. surgery time seemed to have little effect.

Difference absorption spectra, circular dichroism and fluorescence of anti-poly( l -prolyl) antibodies of the IgG and IgM class and the papain derived F ab fragment of anti-poly( l -prolyl) IgG were studied as function of the binding of a series of oligo- l -proline haptens. Optical changes as well as inhibition of passive micro-hemagglutination could be observed upon interaction with tetra, penta and hexa- l -proline but not with tri- l -proline. The difference absorption spectra of anti-poly( l -prolyl) antibody-hapten complexes exhibited two maxima at 284 nm and 292.5 nm. In the circular dichroism band at 290.5 nm the positive ellipticity was enhanced by about 20%, upon addition of excess penta- or hexa- l -proline, whereas the papain derived F ab fragment showed no change in that same band. No shift in the fluorescence emission maximum (340 nm) of the antibodies was observed upon addition of tetra-, penta- and hexa- l -proline. The ligand tetra- l -proline caused an increase of 13.5% in fluorescence intensity of the intact IgG antibodies and 12% in that of the F ab fragment. The same enhancement was observed upon addition of penta- and hexa- l -proline to F ab. The initial increase in fluorescence intensity of anti-poly( l -prolyl) IgG and IgM upon titration with these larger haptens was followed by a decrease at higher concentrations of oligopeptide. We conclude that the helical penta- and hexa- l -proline are monovalent antigenic determinants which cause a conformational transition in the intact antibody molecule following the primary step of its binding.

The murine monoclonal antibody (mAB) anti-Y 29/55 (IgG2A) reacts with malignant B-lymphocytes obtained from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or non-Hodgkin’s-lymphoma (NHL) (1). We have used this antibody for in vitro complement (C’) induced elimination of lymphoma cells in human bone marrow (b.m.) prior to autologous b.m. transplantation (2). Certain mAB are known to induce antigenic modulation. This could interfere with optimal C’-mediated cell lysis (3). Optimal incubation conditions have been defined with CLL-cells

• Five patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) and glaucoma developed extensive zonular dialyses during extracapsular cataract extractions. Weakness of the lens zonules or their attachments to the ciliary processes, which has been described in association with PES, may explain this complication. We believe that patients with PES are at particular risk for developing large zonular dialyses during extracapsular surgery. Preoperative phakodonesis, anterior chamber depth asymmetry, and excessive lens movement during the anterior capsulotomy should alert the surgeon to this problem.

The monoclonal anti-pan-T cell antibody LAU-A1 stained neoplastic T cells arrested at different levels of maturation from all 21 children with T cell malignancies examined. Particularly in 7 patients with immature T cell neoplasia staining for LAU-A1 facilitated the recognition of a T cell origin of the malignant cells. Only 40% of these immature T cell malignancies were associated with an anterior mediastinal mass. A subdivision of T cell neoplasia into 4 differentiation-related subgroups did not permit to make predictions regarding the patients' survival. Despite the rather uniform clinical presentation the immunological phenotypes of tumor cells in 14 children with B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B NHL) were heterogeneous. Tumor cells lacked surface immunoglobulins (2 patients), expressed IgM only (7 patients), IgM and IgD (3 patients) or IgM, IgD and IgA (2 patients). Regardless of surface immunoglobulin expression anti-Y 29/55 stained practically all recognizable tumor cells of all B NHL examined. No correlation was found between the number of heavy-chain isotypes expressed on tumor cells and the survival of the patients. The only long-term survivors were 3 children transplanted with autologous bone marrow which had been purged in vitro with anti-Y 29/55 and complement.

There is an intimate if imprecisely understood connection between high Tc superconductivity and crystal structure instability. Most of the highest Tc superconductors (Tc ≈20K) discovered in the past 20 years have the so-called A15-type structure, which is marginally stable in the sense that many of the A15 compounds spontaneously distort at low temperatures into a lower symmetry structure. These distortions are driven by unstable low frequency phonon modes. It is believed that these “soft” phonon modes enhance the attractive interaction between electrons and thus tend to increase Tc. On the other hand (the argument goes) phase transformation which lower the symmetry introduce structural gaps at the Fermi surface of metals which compete with superconductivity and tend to decrease Tc.

Fifteen patients with peptic ulcer underwent 24 hour studies of gastric contents: before and on completing six weeks' treatment with oral ranitidine 150 mg bd, twice on maintenance treatment for nine to 12 months and one month after stopping the drug. For comparison, 11 patients underwent identical 24 hour studies three to 38 months after truncal vagotomy for duodenal ulcer. During treatment with ranitidine median 24 hour intragastric pH, nitrate concentration, and counts of total and nitrate reducing bacteria increased significantly regardless of dietary nitrate content; there was no significant increase in the median day time concentration of N-nitroso compounds. Despite these changes, an acid tide at some point in each 24 hour study period prevented persistent bacterial colonisation of the stomach. There were no significant differences between the biochemical and microbiological changes recorded during one year of treatment with ranitidine, and the observations on patients after truncal vagotomy. One month after stopping one year's treatment with ranitidine all variables examined returned to pretreatment levels. Treatment with ranitidine or vagotomy was associated with significant positive correlations among pH, nitrate concentration and bacterial counts. Correlations between pH and N-nitroso compound concentration and between concentrations of nitrite and N-nitroso compounds were not significant.

We retrospectively studied 53 consecutive triple procedures (combined penetrating keratoplasty, cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation) performed at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute from January 1980 through August 1983. Most patients had at rest six months of follow-up. The final postoperative refractive error was compared to the predicted refractive error using the preoperative axial length and the estimated keratometry readings. The deviation from the predicted refractive error was correlated with the source of preoperative keratometry readings, the degree of donor oversize, and the donor age. We found that using keratometry readings from the operated eye resulted in more accurate intraocular lens calculations than using estimated keratometry readings not obtained from either eye (P less than .05).

Diagnostic anterior chamber and vitreous aspiration confirmed an infectious etiology in 78 of 140 eyes (56%) with suspected endophthalmitis. In 27 eyes the vitreous aspirate was positive, while the anterior chamber aspirate was negative. Intraocular antibiotics were used in 88 eyes including 50 which underwent therapeutic vitrectomy. Vision of 20/20 to 20/400 was achieved in 57% of recently operated, culture-positive eyes treated with intraocular antibiotics, and in 59% of those treated with combined vitrectomy and intraocular antibiotics.

• We determined central corneal endothelial cell densities in 39 eyes in a masked fashion before and after Q-switched neodymium-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. The mean preoperative endothelial cell count was 1,840 cells per square millimeter (SD, 611 cells per square millimeter; range, 522 to 2,742 cells per square millimeter). The mean postoperative endothelial cell count was 1,798 cells per square millimeter (SD, 600 cells per square millimeter; range, 478 to 2,750 cells per square millimeter). The difference between the mean preoperative and postoperative cell density was 42 cells per square millimeter (2.3% cell loss). There was no significant correlation between central corneal endothelial cell loss and the laser energy used, pseudophakic status (posterior chamber intraocular lens vs no intraocular lens), size of capsulotomy, vitreocorneal touch, or preoperative corneal endothelial cell density.

Clinical and laboratory findings of 47 patients with ocular infections secondary to Neisseria gonorrhoeae during a 5 1/2-year period were reviewed. In 16 patients (34%), corneal involvement was noted. Six of these patients had a severe ulcerative keratitis resulting in permanent visual loss and five required surgery for a corneal perforation. Patients with corneal involvement were older and presented later in the course of their disease than patients with isolated conjunctival involvement (P less than 0.005). An out-patient regimen of intramuscular antibiotics (either penicillin, cephalosporin, or spectinomycin [Trobicin]) appeared to be effective for infections limited to the conjunctiva in adults. If a topical antibiotic ointment is used in addition to parenteral antimicrobial agents, the authors' laboratory sensitivities suggest that erythromycin may be the drug of choice.

Malignant lymphocyte populations in peripheral blood of patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, leukemic variant of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and hairy cell leukemia can be characterized by the use of a monoclonal murine antibody (anti-Y 29/55) which is directed against a cell membrane component normally confined to the sessile nonrecirculating cells of the B-lymphocyte population in lymphoid tissues. The present report describes the reactivity of the anti-Y 29/55 antibody with bone marrow cells obtained from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia using an indirect immunofluorescence method in combination with morphological and cytokinetic studies. In 25 patients (acute lymphoblastic leukemia subtype: 14 common; 4 pre-B-cell; 4 null; and 3 T-cell), a maximum of 2% of cells (small lymphocytes) were stained. One patient presented with blasts exhibiting cytoplasmic and surface immunoglobulin M (IgM) (pre-B-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia). About 11% of this patient's blast cells showed a positive reaction with anti-Y 29/55. They could not be differentiated by morphological criteria from the anti-Y 29/55-negative blast cell population. In another patient with pre-B-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, only 1% of anti-Y 29/55-positive cells was found. In bone marrow of children with relative lymphocytosis, 1.4 to 8.7% of mononuclear cells reacted with anti-Y 29/55. Morphologically, these cells were small lymphocytes and predominantly expressed surface IgM. In two of these children, a further subdivision of bone marrow cells could be achieved by combining anti-Y 29/55 and cytoplasmic IgM reactivity with [3H]thymidine pulse labeling. These studies revealed that the actively proliferating, normal pre-B-cell population was anti-Y 29/55-nonreactive, whereas a nonproliferating population of anti-Y 29/55-reactive, cytoplasmic IgM-positive cells probably represented B-cells with surface immunoglobulin M reacting when cytoplasmic IgM was assessed. We conclude that the reactivity of the monoclonal anti-B-cell antibody (anti-Y 29/55) is restricted to surface immunoglobulin-positive bone marrow cells and that neither leukemic or normal pre-B-cells nor common, null-cell, or T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia blasts react.