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Objetivo.- El objetivo primario fue evaluar la actividad de la enfermedad en una población de pacientes con diagnóstico de Artritis Reumatoide (AR) en tratamiento biológico con Etanercept producto de referencia (ETN-PR) que realizaron cambio a Etanercept biosimilar (ETN-BS). El objetivo secundario fue evaluar el uso de corticoides y eventos adversos (EA) antes y después del cambio con el biosimilar (BS). Materiales y métodos.- Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, retrospectivo en pacientes con diagnóstico de AR según criterios de clasificación del 2010 del American College of Rheumatology (ACR) que seguían controles en la consulta externa de un hospital de tercer nivel. Se revisó las historias clínicas en el sistema informático del hospital. La actividad de la enfermedad se evaluó por medio del marcador serológico PCR (proteína C reactiva) medido en mg/dl (valor de referencia ≤5) y el Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI). Ambos fueron recopilados 1 mes previo y 6 meses después del cambio por el BS. También se recabó información sobre el uso de fármacos modificadores de enfermedad (FARME), corticoides y AINES, 1 mes previo y 6 meses después del cambio por el BS y seropositividad para anticuerpos contra factor reumatoideo y péptido citrulinado. Conclusión.– Los pacientes con AR, mantuvieron la remisión y baja actividad de la enfermedad durante el cambio de ETN-PR a ETN-BS. No hubo aumento en la dosis de corticoides y no se presentaron efectos adversos durante el uso del BS.

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el software GRAPE-MARS (Multimodal Analysis Research Software) (https://www.grape.uji.es/mars), un programa de código abierto y uso gratuito desarrollado por el grupo de investigación GRAPE (Group for Research on Academic and Professional English) para el análisis multimodal de vídeos, en el contexto particular de la investigación en segundas lenguas. La investigación multimodal ha avanzado mucho en los últimos años, especialmente en el análisis del discurso, aunque también se han realizado estudios relacionados con la traducción o la pragmática, entre otros. GRAPE-MARS es un programa de interfaz sencilla y usabilidad asequible que pueden utilizar tanto investigadores e investigadoras, como profesores o estudiantado y cuyo objetivo es facilitar la tarea de identificar los elementos o modos que conforman el discurso y facilitar su representación. En una época en que los géneros digitales, con una multimodalidad inherente, cada vez cobran más protagonismo, creemos que GRAPE-MARS puede ser una herramienta esencial para desgranar los elementos que los componen y contribuir a análisis multimodales más completos que ayuden en la investigación de las segundas lenguas.

Key Clinical Message Several electrocardiographic alterations due to hypokalemia have been described, but the electrocardiographic presentation meeting criteria for occlusion of the left main coronary artery is very rare. We describe a case of hypokalemia simulating it.

Suicide is one of the leading death causes worldwide, mainly among young adults, and Colombia has experienced an increase during the XXI century. The suicide impact has diverged between age groups and locations in Colombia, where young adults have taken higher incidences than the other age groups. The COVID-19 lockdown induced changes in mental health, affecting the previous suicide trends in the country. We conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of suicide attempts in Colombia per age group, adopting Bayesian models that represent 85,526 individual records in 1,121 municipalities from 2018 to 2020 using R-INLA. We found that Colombia exhibited an increase in suicide-attempt incidence from 2018 to 2019, and suddenly, the incidence fell in the first semester of 2020. The fixed effect of the models evidenced the highest risk in overall municipalities per trimester in the age group between 15-19 years old. The spatial random effect per model evidenced municipalities with the highest risk in the age groups between 10 to 59 years, mainly in the states in the Andean region of Colombia, and other states such as Putumayo, Vaupés, Arauca, Córdoba, Amazonas, and Meta. The temporal random effect evidenced a decay in suicide trends from the fourth trimester of 2019 to 2020, except in the age group > 59 years old. Geographically, our study pinpointed specific regions in Colombia, particularly in the central, southwest, and southeast areas, where the incidence of suicide attempts exceeded 100 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The nuanced breakdown of incidence across different age groups further underscores the importance of tailoring preventive strategies based on age-specific and regional risk factors.

Argentina se había caracterizado históricamente por pensarse como una sociedad multicultural “blanca” no racista; sin embargo, su estructura social presenta una composición desigual según el origen étnico. El artículo analiza el proceso de estratificación social en Argentina según origen étnico en la década de 2010 con base en datos de la encuesta nacional ESAyPP/PISAC COVID-19 de 2021, de amplia cobertura y tamaño, con un modelo de path analysis basado en ecuaciones estructurales que permite incorporar variables categóricas. Las pautas halladas muestran que la población de origen mestizo, indígena y afrodescendiente tiene menor estatus ocupacional debido a desventajas históricas acumulativas, pero también desigualdad de oportunidades enraizadas en la persistencia de prácticas de discriminación étnico-racial.

Sustainable management of transboundary fish stocks hinges on accurate delineation of population structure. Genetic analysis offers a powerful tool to identify potential subpopulations within a seemingly homogenous stock, facilitating the development of effective, coordinated management strategies across international borders. Along the West African coast, the Atlantic chub mackerel (Scomber colias) is a commercially important and ecologically significant species, yet little is known about its genetic population structure and connectivity. Currently, the stock is managed as a single unit in West African waters despite new research suggesting morphological and adaptive differences. Here, eight microsatellite loci were genotyped on 1,169 individuals distributed across 33 sampling sites from Morocco (27.39°N) to Namibia (22.21°S). Bayesian clustering analysis depicts one homogeneous population across the studied area with null overall differentiation (FST = 0.0001ns), which suggests panmixia and aligns with the migratory potential of this species. This finding has significant implications for the effective conservation and management of S. colias within a wide scope of its distribution across West African waters from the South of Morocco to the North-Centre of Namibia and underscores the need for increased regional cooperation in fisheries management and conservation.

La aparición de pigmentaciones en la encía u otra estructura del sistema estomatognático debe ser evaluado, no solo por la afectación estéticas que puede presentar el paciente, sino que con su diferenciación de diagnóstico es posible reconocer las causas por las que ha sido provocado estas pigmentaciones. Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento de pigmentaciones melánicas gingivales en los pacientes atendidos en la Facultad Piloto de Odontología en el periodo Ciclo II 2023-2024. Materiales y Métodos. Investigación de diseño experimental, de tipo descriptivo, enfoque cuantitativo. Se analizaron 8 pacientes mayores de 18 años en la clínica de Rehabilitación Oral Integral III del ciclo 2023- 2024 en la Universidad de Guayaquil. Resultados. Se logró identificar el rango de edad con mayor prevalencia de presentar pigmentaciones melánicas gingivales, el cual fue de 88% en edades entre 18 a 29 años. Conclusión. Las pigmentaciones melánicas gingivales afectan principalmente a mujeres y se observó que los individuos mestizos presentan estas pigmentaciones con mayor frecuencia. Estos datos subrayan la importancia de considerar factores como el sexo y la raza al abordar las pigmentaciones, lo que puede influir en las estrategias de tratamientos; de esta forma se contribuye a una comprensión más completa que permitan guiar enfoques más personalizados en la atención dental.

As electric vehicles (EVs) become more commonplace, the development and deployment of advanced battery thermal management (BTM) technologies are vital for increasing the sturdiness of EV batteries, ultimately contributing to the sustainable and massive adoption of electric mobility. This study comprehensively evaluates new advancements in BTM systems for EVs, supplemented with a comparative evaluation of various BTM technologies, including active and passive cooling strategies, structure design, and advanced control algorithms, including deep learning methods. The study also scrutinizes the software’s capabilities employed for designing BTM systems. The cross-relevant papers related to BTM systems from 2019 to early 2024, which rely on Scopus and Web of Science databases, are considered. The comparative evaluation explores the strengths and obstacles of different BTM processes, shedding light on their efficacy under varying operational conditions. Additionally, this study discusses the impact of BTM on overall EV efficiency from the perspective of thermal considerations. Insights into current research trends, innovations, and emerging trends in the field are also presented. Ultimately, this state-of-the-art study aims to thoroughly understand the latest BTM for EVs. The findings offer insightful information for scientists, engineers, and professionals pursuing sustainable transportation development and the continuous enhancement of EV technology.

In 2020, the European Banking Authority (EBA) launched a public consultation on future changes to the European Union wide stress test (EUWST). The EBA proposes a dual approach across four broad criteria of relevance, comparability, transparency, and cost efficiency: a supervisory leg as the basis for Pillar 2 Guidance decisions and a bank leg to provide information and foster market discipline. Prior to new methodological proposals, an accurate global and summarized overview of what has been accomplished so far is required. This paper presents a synthetic review of the EBA's vision for the EUWST's future and feedback review.

This paper introduces a new Financial Stress Indicator (FSI) named Composite Indicator Based on Ratios (CIBOR). This paper discusses the importance of monitoring the quality of loans and capital, operational performance, profitability, and liquidity of financial institutions to prevent systemic risks in the financial system. To address this, CIBOR is proposed as a means to indirectly capture the instability of a financial entity by identifying potential tensions and their underlying causes. Specifically, we compare the results for 25 financial entities operating in the Spanish banking market, analysing the evolution since 2018 to 2022. CIBOR permits a straight interpretation of the variations between periods and a dynamic analysis that not only measures the variation between the ratios over time, but also identifies the sources of such variations: variations derived from changes in sub-indicators, changes stemming from the oscillation of the baseline, and the impact of the selection of weights in the construction of the composite indicator.

Background: Obstructive complications in the Fontan circulation pose significant risks to affected patients. Traditional management strategies may be insufficient, necessitating innovative treatment approaches. This case report discusses the use of the FlowTriever Retrieval System for percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy in a patient with a history of Fontan procedure who developed conduit obstruction due to thrombus formation. Case report: A 28-year-old male with a history of double inlet left ventricle and previous Fontan procedure presented with progressive dyspnea. Despite initial thrombectomy for high-risk pulmonary embolism, thrombi remained in the Fontan conduit and inferior vena cava. The patient remained hemodynamically unstable. Imaging confirmed thrombosis of the extracardiac conduit. An innovative percutaneous approach using the FlowTriever system successfully restored conduit flow and removed thrombus. Subsequent stenting addressed residual stenosis. Post-intervention, the patient showed remarkable clinical improvement. There were no procedure-related complications. He was discharged on an optimized anticoagulation regimen and remained asymptomatic during follow-up. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the efficacy of the FlowTriever Retrieval System in managing complex thrombotic obstructions in Fontan circulation, which not only effectively resolved the obstruction but also maintained haemodynamic stability, thus highlighting its potential to enhance current treatment modalities for such congenital heart conditions.

Objetivo: identificar los beneficios y las dificultades experimentadas en la implementación de la herramienta de mapas de conocimiento en una organización del sector público colombiano. Diseño/metodología: el estudio se desarrolló bajo una metodología cualitativa de alcance descriptivo. Se empleó la estrategia de estudio de caso único y la herramienta de entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados: los resultados mostraron que los mapas de conocimiento han ayudado a estandarizar los procesos y a dar continuidad al desarrollo de estos, a identificar conocimientos críticos, a acelerar la curva de aprendizaje y a facilitar la transferencia de conocimiento. Por su parte, las dificultades se relacionan elevada rotación de personal, la falta de empoderamiento, los cambios periódicos del personal directivo y la falta de un equipo técnico sólido para acompañar el despliegue de los mapas de conocimiento. Conclusiones: los mapas de conocimiento son una herramienta valiosa en los procesos de gestión del conocimiento, principalmente en la identificación de conocimientos críticos para la operación. Sin embargo, condiciones propias de organizaciones del sector público, tales como la forma de administrar el talento humano y la alta rigidez administrativa, puede llevar a estas a enfrentar obstáculos que impidan implementar estrategias efectivas para la gestión del conocimiento. Originalidad: el estudio explora la implementación de los mapas de conocimiento en una organización pública, aspecto poco teorizado en este sector. En Colombia, las normativas en el área son relativamente recientes. Por consiguiente, estos resultados ofrecen a los responsables de la toma de decisiones una mejor comprensión de los aspectos clave que deben tenerse en cuenta a la hora de aplicar estas estrategias.

Abstract Background Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) reduces glomerular hyperfiltration. The renoprotective effects of GLP‐1 analogs were derived from clinical studies in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over time associated with weight loss in patients with a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 treated with liraglutide compared with patients treated with MBS. Methods A longitudinal study derived from a retrospective cohort of patients with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 treated with either MBS or liraglutide 3 mg/day, with follow‐up ≥1 year. Clinical variables, baseline GFR, and 1‐year GFR were analyzed. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to compare changes in GFR between both groups while controlling for confounding variables. Results A total of 159 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 129 patients underwent MBS (median age 60.5 years [IQR 51.8–66.6], body mass index (BMI) 40.9 kg/m2 [IQR 0.68–0.89]), and 30 patients were treated with liraglutide (median age 56 years [IQR 46–62], BMI 37.4 kg/m2 [IQR 0.69–0.93]). No difference in baseline GFR or at 12 months of follow‐up was found between the two interventions. GEE analysis revealed an increase of 0.32 mL/min/1.73 m2 per month of follow‐up. Factors associated with a greater increase in GFR were the percentage total weight loss (%TWL) (0.12 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.023) and baseline GFR (0.69 mL/min/1.73 m2, p > 0.001) for both interventions, independent of a history of T2D. Conclusion In patients with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, changes in GFR are related to %TWL and baseline GFR, regardless of the presence of diabetes or the type of intervention used.

The coffee sector’s challenges, such as low and volatile prices, prompt adopting strategies focused on product differentiation, including high-quality specialty coffee. Nevertheless, documented evidence shows that small producers in Oaxaca, Mexico, are not equally benefiting from this market opportunity compared to other states in Mexico, such as Veracruz or Chiapas. This review article identifies and analyzes the factors in integrating small Oaxacan producers into the specialty market. A total of 138 scientific contributions were analyzed, emphasizing three thematic axes: (1) Trends and behavior of the coffee market. (2) Factors to enable the production of high-quality coffee, and (3) Current situation and challenges of small coffee producers in the specialized market. We found that coffee quality depends on the environment (mainly altitude, temperature, and geographical conditions) and agronomic, genetic, and socio-economic factors. Moreover, agronomic and genetic factors should focus on choosing coffee varieties suited to the environmental conditions of the farm and adopting innovations in production, harvest, and post-harvest processes. The most significant socio-economic factors that hinder small coffee producers’ participation in the specialized market include but are not limited to, lack of information, social connection, and financial resources. However, in the literature analyzed here, it was also possible to identify specific farmworker experiences that operate with a community approach and have inserted their small producers into high-quality market transactions. For this reason, this article suggests that the standardization model of quality from the collective approach within the community-based enterprise is a sustainable and inclusive alternative to achieve the goal: the insertion of small Oaxacan coffee producers into the more significant specialty market.

Spain is the world leader in olive oil production. The aim of this article is to analyze the type of non-financial information (CSR) that companies in the sector disseminate on their websites and the factors that explain a greater online dissemination. The fsQCA methodology is applied. The results indicate that companies focus on communicating the knowledge generated on aspects related to food safety and that the dissemination of CSR is affected by factors such as having a commercial orientation towards the online market, having channels of interactivity with stakeholders and offering organic/ecological products.

La auditoría externa se ha consolidado como una herramienta de control para la toma de decisiones organizacionales, máxime en momentos críticos como la expansión global de la COVID-19, que ocasionó la adopción de nuevas prácticas por las restricciones. Objetivo: esta investigación identificó los cambios en las prácticas de auditoría externa por las restricciones de la pandemia en firmas de auditoría de Medellín y sus implicaciones en la calidad de los servicios de auditoría externa desde la visión de los auditores. Metodología: se empleó un enfoque cualitativo de alcance descriptivo en el que se aplicó un protocolo de entrevista semiestructurada a un grupo de auditores séniores, socios o líderes que coordinaron auditorías externas en sus firmas a organizaciones situadas en Medellín, Colombia. Resultados principales: se encontró que la realización de auditorías remotas, mediadas por tecnología, la analítica de datos, la evaluación continua de los riesgos y la materialidad cambiante resaltan como los cambios más importantes durante ese periodo crítico. Conclusiones: hubo modificaciones en la carga laboral de los auditores y los honorarios; a futuro se vislumbran cambios completos en las auditorías externas incluso ante la ausencia de restricciones como las pandémicas.

BackgroundThe relevance of teachers’ emotional and social competencies in education has been highlighted as they enable them to establish effective relationships, manage emotional situations and create positive learning environments. The absence of these competencies can lead to emotional exhaustion and negatively affect the classroom environment, thus stressing the need to strengthen these skills so that teaching professionals can adapt to the changing demands of the educational environment.ObjectiveThe primary aim of this paper is to analyze the existing programs for training socioemotional skills in teachers and evaluate their effectiveness. To achieve this, a systematic review of the literature is conducted, focusing on the empirical research existing to date that promotes and enhances these skills through intervention programs.MethodsA literature search was performed using the electronic databases Psycinfo, Psicodoc, Psychology Database, Pubmed, Science Direct and Dialnet Plus, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were eligible for inclusion in this review if they investigated the effectiveness of interventions and training protocols for enhancing personal competencies of a sample of participants composed of teachers.ResultsActivities aimed at strengthening personal competencies in teachers tend to have a positive impact on areas such as job satisfaction, professional commitment, emotional management, and stress reduction, which has a favorable impact on students. However, the effectiveness of these interventions may vary depending on the design of the study and the individual characteristics of the participants.ConclusionThe importance of training educators in personal and emotional skills is highlighted, due to its feasibility and the benefits it implies for both educators and students. Valuable insights for future practices, emphasizing the need for continuous training, digital technologies, mentoring, and holistic well-being to improve educational quality and job satisfaction for teachers are provided.

IntroductionBacteriophages have been shown to penetrate biofilms and replicate if they find suitable host cells. Therefore, these viruses appear to be a good option to tackle the biofilm problem and complement or even substitute more conventional antimicrobials. However, in order to successfully remove biofilms, in particular mature biofilms, phages may need to be administered along with other compounds. Phage-derived proteins, such as endolysins or depolymerases, offer a safer alternative to other compounds in the era of antibiotic resistance.MethodsThis study examined the interactions between phage Kayvirus rodi with a polysaccharide depolymerase (Dpo7) from another phage (Rockefellervirus IPLA7) against biofilms formed by different Staphylococcus aureus strains, as determined by crystal violet staining, viable cell counts and microscopy analysis.Results and discussionOur results demonstrated that there was synergy between the two antimicrobials, with a more significant decreased in biomass and viable cell number with the combination treatment compared to the phage and enzyme alone. This observation was confirmed by microscopy analysis, which also showed that polysaccharide depolymerase treatment reduced, but did not eliminate extracellular matrix polysaccharides. Activity assays on mutant strains did not identify teichoic acids or PNAG/PIA as the exclusive target of Dpo7, suggesting that may be both are degraded by this enzyme. Phage adsorption to S. aureus cells was not significantly altered by incubation with Dpo7, indicating that the mechanism of the observed synergistic interaction is likely through loosening of the biofilm structure. This would allow easier access of the phage particles to their host cells and facilitate infection progression within the bacterial population.

Este artículo presenta el caso clínico de una mujer de 71 años con hiperpigmentación irregular en el primer dedo del pie izquierdo, que afecta el lecho y el pliegue ungueal proximal, así como el borde distal. La pigmentación, ha estado presente durante 10 años, de inicio fue diagnósticada como onicomicosis y tratada en dos ocasiones sin éxito. La paciente rechazó la biopsia cutánea debido a su baja tolerancia al dolor. Este estudio destaca la importancia de la dermatoscopia como herramienta diagnóstica no invasiva en la identificación de lesiones sospechosas de melanoma. El propósito de esta publicación es incentivar a los médicos especialistas en dermatología a capacitarse en el uso de la dermatoscopia como herramienta diagnóstica.

Cooperativism, as an agent of social innovation, significantly contributes to fostering a dynamic economy and plays a fundamental role in rural areas. Analyses of profitability in cooperatives versus Investor-Owned Firms (IOFs) show disparate results depending on the methodology and indicators used. This disparity of results is largely due to the fact that common indicators are used in the business sphere that do not take into account the duality of investor-supplier members in cooperatives. This paper deals with a comparative analysis of the efficiency and profitability of cooperatives and IOFs, which takes into account the cooperative specificity as far as partner-producer duality is concerned. The populations analyzed are the olive oil producing companies in Andalusia and the methodology used is twofold: DEA, in the case of efficiency, and probit regression for the analysis of profitability. For the latter, a cooperative global profitability indicator has been defined. The results point to a superiority of the cooperatives in terms of both efficiency and overall profitability compared to the IOFs, which denotes a greater capacity to better remunerate the producer, especially in smaller companies. However, this superiority disappears as the cooperative gains dimension. Our findings show that the relative performance of cooperatives and IOFs varies by size. This reality warrants the attention of both society and governments, prompting the need for the development and implementation of public policies aimed at their growth and safeguarding. Additionally, it initiates a pathway for further research into other sectors of activity.

Abstract Genetic diversity is an important biological trait for a successful invasion. During the expansion across a new territory, an invasive species may face unprecedented ecological conditions that will determine its demography and genetic diversity. The first record of the yellow‐legged hornet (Vespa velutina) in Europe dates back to 2004 in France, from where it has successfully spread through a large territory in the continent, including Italy, Spain and Portugal. Integrative approaches offer a powerful strategy to detect and understand patterns of genetic variation in central and marginal populations. Here, we have analysed the relationship between genetic diversity parameters inferred from 15 V. velutina nuclear DNA microsatellite loci, and geographical and environmental drivers, such as the distance to the introduction focus, environmental suitability and distance to native and invasive niche centroids. Our results revealed a central–marginal dynamic, where allelic richness decreased towards the edge of the expansion range. The low environmental suitability of the territories invaded by marginal populations could prevent a diverse population from establishing and reducing the genetic diversity in populations at the expansion edge. Moreover, Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis showed both geographical and environmental distances were influencing population genetic differentiation. This study highlights the importance of combining genetic analysis with geographical and environmental drivers to understand genetic trends of invasive species to new environment.

Este artículo es un estudio documental que analiza la producción científica sobre el concepto de convivencia mediante los descriptores “Convivencia” AND “Colombia”, en español y “coexistence” AND “Colombia” en inglés, seleccionando el área de psicología. Se accedió a tres bases de datos: Web of Science, Redalyc, EBSCO host, seleccionando 32 documentos publicados entre 2017 al 2023, del cual 27 fueron artículos científicos, 3 artículos de reflexión y 2 capítulos de libro, con mayor producción científica en los departamentos de Cundinamarca, Valle y Antioquia. Las tendencias conceptuales emergentes sobre la convivencia se sintetizan en tres premisas: i). El concepto de convivencia es una forma de interacción dinamizadora desde las experiencias vividas con otros mediante vínculos afectivos, sociales, comunitarios y cotidianos en diferentes contextos y escenarios, en donde surgen diferentes tipologías. Se asocia a los procesos de socialización, interacción social, intersubjetividad, conflictos y construcción de paz. ii). Conceptualizar la convivencia implica entender la subjetividad e intersubjetividad presente en los discursos, prácticas y medios sociales desplegada por diversos actores (personales, institucionales, comunitarios) en su cotidianidad a favor de su construcción; y iii). Para su comprensión conceptual prevalecen diversas perspectivas teóricas: las subjetivas, las psicosociales, las sociales, las de conflictos, las de paz y las decoloniales, lo cual orientan diversas investigaciones.

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic disease produced by mutations in the dystrophin gene characterized by early onset muscle weakness leading to severe and irreversible disability. Muscle degeneration involves a complex interplay between multiple cell lineages spatially located within areas of damage, termed the degenerative niche, including inflammatory cells, satellite cells (SCs) and fibro-adipogenic precursor cells (FAPs). FAPs are mesenchymal stem cell which have a pivotal role in muscle homeostasis as they can either promote muscle regeneration or contribute to muscle degeneration by expanding fibrotic and fatty tissue. Although it has been described that FAPs could have a different behavior in DMD patients than in healthy controls, the molecular pathways regulating their function as well as their gene expression profile are unknown.Methods: We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) with 10X Genomics and Illumina technology to elucidate the differences in the transcriptional profile of isolated FAPs from healthy and DMD patients.Results: Gene signatures in FAPs from both groups revealed transcriptional differences. Seurat analysis categorized cell clusters as proliferative FAPs, regulatory FAPs, inflammatory FAPs, and myofibroblasts. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between healthy and DMD FAPs included upregulated genes CHI3L1, EFEMP1, MFAP5, and TGFBR2 in DMD. Functional analysis highlighted distinctions in system development, wound healing, and cytoskeletal organization in control FAPs, while extracellular organization, degradation, and collagen degradation were upregulated in DMD FAPs. Validation of DEGs in additional samples (n = 9) using qPCR reinforced the specific impact of pathological settings on FAP heterogeneity, reflecting their distinct contribution to fibro or fatty degeneration in vivo.Conclusion: Using the single-cell RNA seq from human samples provide new opportunities to study cellular coordination to further understand the regulation of muscle homeostasis and degeneration that occurs in muscular dystrophies.

Vegecio es uno de los autores militares de la Antigüedad más conocidos y prestigiosos, cuya influencia se hizo sentir fuertemente en su época, durante la Edad Media y hasta el propio Renacimiento. Su Epitoma rei militaris fue tomado como modelo de muchos otros textos y manuales militares. Una de las características más importantes de su libro es el acento y cuidado que pone en el reclutamiento de los soldados, una actividad que desde el origen y desarrollo del ejército romano había sido uno de los factores de su éxito. El texto y las ideas de Vegecio incidieron notablemente en el pensamiento de Nicolás Maquiavelo, sobre todo en su obra El arte de la guerra. La influencia es tanta, que puede presumirse y evidenciarse que Maquiavelo tomó de forma íntegra muchas de sus ideas y planteamientos, principalmente la insistencia en contar con un ejército propio, resaltar la importancia de la infantería y poner especial cuidado en la preparación y entrenamiento de los soldados. Sin embargo, también hay notables diferencias, como la menor renuencia de Vegecio para recurrir a soldados mercenarios y auxiliares, por ejemplo. Así, por su significación para la teoría política y militar, denotar todas estas semejanzas y diferencias es el objetivo de este texto.

This study examines the performance, combustion, and emissions characteristics of a single-cylinder internal combustion diesel engine when fueled with a blend of diesel and biodiesel derived from muskmelon seeds. The kinematic viscosity of the extracted muskmelon seed oil was 6.1 cSt at 40 °C, which is higher than the kinematic viscosity of petroleum diesel of 2.6 cSt. Muskmelon biodiesel was further analyzed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-voltage separator tests. A comparison of the fuel properties of muskmelon biodiesel with conventional diesel fuel revealed that muskmelon biodiesel could be used alone or in a diesel–biodiesel blend to fuel compression diesel engines. In this study, muskmelon seed biodiesel was blended with diesel fuel at proportions of 10 %, 20 %, and 50 % (BD10, BD20, and BD50, respectively). At a relatively low rotational speed of 1200 rpm, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of the engine operated with BD10 and BD20 blends were 36.1 % and 36.0 %, respectively, while the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of the two blends were 0.260 kg/kWh, and 0.262 kg/kWh, respectively. These values closely resemble those typically observed in diesel fuel engines. Indeed, the average BTE of the BD20 blend was only 3.24 % less than the average BTE of diesel fuel. Diesel fuel generates less NOx and SO2 emissions compared to biodiesel blends: BD100 emitted the most NOx pollution of all fuels tested. In addition, BD10 released significantly more SO2 emissions compared to the other fuels tested. However, the BD20 blend outperformed all other blends in terms of CO, NOx, and SO2 emissions at high engine speeds. The only exception was H2S emissions, which were higher than BD50 and BD100. BD20 also exhibited significantly reduced CO emissions compared to diesel fuel, while BD10 emitted significantly more CO emissions than the other biodiesel blends. Our findings revealed that BD20 exhibited the best engine performance and lower emissions among all fuels tested. In other words, BD20 is the ideal fuel blend for use in diesel engines and does not require any alterations to the engine. Muskmelon waste seeds represent a non-edible waste stream that can be exploited in the production of biodiesel fuel, allowing for the upcycling of a potentially problematic thermochemical conversion feedstock. This potentially valuable use for waste muskmelon seeds in the energy sector could address the wastefulness associated with this particular waste stream.

The electrical system performance can be improved considerably by controlling the reactive power flow in the system. The reactive power control can be achieved by optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem solution and optimal integration of the FACTS devices. With high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and the load growth, the ORPD solution became a challenging and a complex task due to the stochastic nature of the RERs and the load growth. In this regard, the aim of this paper is to solve the stochastic optimal reactive power dispatch (SORPD) with optimal inclusion of PV units, wind turbines and the unified power flow controller (UPFC) under uncertainties of the load growth and the generated powers. An Adaptive Beluga Whale Optimization (ABWO) is proposed for solving the SORPD which is based on the Fitness-Distance Balance Selection (FDBS) strategy and the territorial solitary males’ strategy of the Mountain Gazelle Optimizer. The proposed ABWO is tested on IEEE 30-bus system and a comparison with other optimization techniques for solving the ordinary ORPD is presented for validating the proposed ABWO. The obtained results reveal that the TEPL is reduced from 5.3168 MW to 3.97985 MW with optimal integration of the RERs and UPFC. Likewise, the TEVD is reduced from 0.1794p.u. to 0.10689p.u. and the TVSI is decreased from 0.1289p.u. to 0.0476p.u.

Recent communicative teaching approaches view learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) as involving more than knowledge of grammar structures. Students are expected to develop communicative skills which allow them to interact inside and outside the language classroom. To this end, learning idioms plays a significant role because these expressions improve students' proficiency, fluency and native-like performance (Boers et al., 2006). However, even though they are beneficial for students' language skills, some teachers may decide to avoid teaching these expressions in the classroom. Motivated by this, the present study examines the perceptions of five Mexican EFL teachers concerning the teaching of English idioms. Semi-structured interviews reveal that the five teachers perceive that teaching idioms is highly important for developing students' communicative competence. However, the results also indicate that four teachers avoid teaching them because of institutional demands to cover a textbook and their perceptions of their students' low proficiency levels. This evidence suggests that pre- and in-service teacher education programs should provide teachers with a better understanding of strategies that they can use to teach idioms.