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There is a paucity of treatments that are capable of reliably and robustly improving cognitive function in adults with mood disorders. Glucagon-like peptide-1 is synthesized centrally and its receptors are abundantly expressed in neural circuits subserving cognitive function. We aimed to determine the effects of liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, on objective measures of cognition in adults with a depressive or bipolar disorder.In this 4-week, pilot, open-label, domain-based study (e.g. cognition), we recruited 19 individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD) and an impairment in executive function, defined as a below-average performance in the Trail Making Test-B (TMTB). Liraglutide 1.8mg/day was added as an adjunct to existing pharmacotherapy.Participants had significant increases from baseline to week 4 in the TMTB standard score (age and education corrected) (Cohen's d=0.64, p=0.009) and in a composite Z-score comprising multiple cognitive tests (i.e. Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Stroop test) (Cohen's d=0.77, p0.001). Neither changes in mood rating scales nor metabolic parameters were associated with changes in cognitive performance (all p0.05); however baseline insulin resistance (IR) and body mass index (BMI) moderated the changes in the composite Z-score (p=0.021 and p=0.046, respectively), indicating larger responses in individuals with higher IR and BMI at baseline. There was a significant increase in lipase (p0.001), but individual values were above the upper limit of normality.Small sample size, open-label design, lack of a placebo group.Liraglutide was safe and well tolerated by a sample of non-diabetic individuals with mood disorders and had beneficial effects on objective measures of cognitive function. Larger studies with controlled trial designs are necessary to confirm and expand the results described herein.

On behalf of the GDL team, we announce the 0.9.9 release of GDL, the GNU Data Language. GDL is a free and open-source drop-in replacement for IDL, the Interactive Data Language, which has served the astronomical community for many years. This release comes 15 years after Marc Schellens first made GDL public, and it marks several milestones attesting to the maturity of the project. Among these are updates to the plotting functionalities, major advances in the Windows implementation, a native support for IDL save files, and performance improvements. The presentation will summarize current availability of packaged versions of GDL, compatibility with popular IDL-written astronomy-related software, potential directions for the upcoming releases, and the key areas where GDL could benefit from further user feedback and new contributions.

Background Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) has been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Accordingly, intensive surveillance with annual colonoscopy is advised. The aim of this multicenter study was to describe the risk of advanced lesions in SPS patients undergoing surveillance, and to identify risk factors that could guide the prevention strategy. Methods From March 2013 to April 2015, 296 patients who fulfilled criteria I and/or III for SPS were retrospectively recruited at 18 centers. We selected patients in whom successful clearing colonoscopy had been performed and who underwent subsequent endoscopic surveillance. Advanced neoplasia was defined as CRC, advanced adenoma, or advanced serrated lesion that were >= 10 mm and/or with dysplasia. Cumulative incidence of advanced neoplasia was calculated and independent predictors of advanced neoplasia development were identified. Results In 152 SPS patients a total of 315 surveillance colonoscopies were performed (median 2, range 1-7). The 3-year cumulative incidence of CRC and advanced neoplasia were 3.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0-6.9) and 42.0% (95%CI 32.4-51.7), respectively. Fulfilling both I+III criteria and the presence of advanced serrated lesions at baseline colonoscopy were independent predictors of advanced neoplasia development (odds ratio [OR] 1.85, 95%CI 1.03-3.33, P = 0.04 and OR 2.62, 95%CI 1.18-5.81, P = 0.02, respectively). During follow-up, nine patients (5.9%) were referred for surgery for invasive CRC (n=4, 2.6%) or because of polyp burden (n=5, 3.3%). After total colectomy, 17.9% patients developed advanced neoplasia in the retained rectum. Conclusions Patients with SPS have a substantial risk of developing advanced neoplasia under endoscopic surveillance, whereas CRC incidence is low. Personalized endoscopic surveillance based on polyp burden and advanced serrated histology could help to optimize prevention in patients with SPS.

Background Morel-Lavallee lesions (MLLs) are rare internal degloving injuries typically caused by blunt traumatic injuries and most commonly occur around the hips and in association with pelvic or acetabular fractures. MLL is often overlooked in the setting of poly-trauma; therefore, clinicians must maintain a high degree of suspicion and be familiar with the management of such injuries, especially in obese poly-trauma patients. Case presentation We present a 30-year-old female pedestrian struck by a motor vehicle who sustained multiple long bone fractures, a mesenteric hematoma, and full-thickness abdominal skin friction burn which masked a significant underlying abdominal MLL. The internal degloving caused significant devascularization of the overlying soft tissue and skin which required surgical drainage of hematoma, abdominal wall reconstruction with tangential excision, allografting, negative pressure wound therapy, and ultimately autografting. Conclusion MLL is a rare, often overlooked, internal degloving injury. Surgeons must maintain a high index of suspicion when dealing with third degree friction burns as they may mask underlying injuries such as MLL, and a delay in diagnosis can lead to increased morbidity.