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A sol–gel method is used to introduce fluorescent silica shells with tunable thickness on the spherical carbonyl iron particles (CIP) by a combined hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Both gelatin B and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) are used as primers to render the metal particle surface compatible with TEOS. The silica shell is formed through the hydrolysis and condensation of TEOS on the primer-treated CIP and the shell thickness can be controlled by varying the ratio of chemicals, such as TEOS and ammonia. The silica shell on the particle surface is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The magnetic and anti-corrosive properties of the CIP and CIP-silica particles have been evaluated. A conformal coating shell is confirmed surrounding the CIP against their etching/dissolution by protons. Polyurethane composites filled with CIP and CIP-silica particles are fabricated with a surface initiated polymerization (SIP) method. A salt fog industrial-level test indicates an improved anti-corrosive behavior of the CIP-silica/PU composites than that of the CIP/PU composites. Both CIP-silica particles and CIP-silica/PU composites exhibit better thermal stability and antioxidation capability than their CIP and CIP/PU counterparts, respectively due to the stronger barrier effect of the noble silica shell. The insulating silica shell decreases the efficiency of the electron transportation among the particles and thus leads to a higher resistivity in the composites.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrient supplementation on anaerobic biomass. While many studies emphasized the importance of supplementing trace metals such as iron, cobalt, and nickel for maximum methanogenic activity, there is no evidence whether such supplements, even at relatively low concentration, could perturb anaerobic biomass. Effects of supplementing nutrients, including yeast extract, on anaerobic biomass from two full-scale mesophilic digesters, operating under different conditions, at the North East Water Pollution Control Plant in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, were assessed using biochemical methane potential tests. The results show that acetoclastic methanogens from a recently cleaned digester was not stimulated by nutrient supplementation at relatively low concentrations and a slight perturbation was observed when supplementation was at a relatively high concentration. Furthermore, greater degree of susceptibility to the trace metal supplementation was observed for biomass from another digester that had not been cleaned for over 10 years, thus it had reduced active volume due to grit accumulation. For instance, supplementation of 200 mg/L of iron as FeCl2·4H2O to the biomass from the reduced-active-volume digester caused 17% reduction in CH4 production, as compared to a control which did not receive any supplements, while the same concentration had no effect on the biomass from full-active-volume digester. Results strongly suggest that acetoclastic methanogens stressed due to reduced hydraulic/solids retention time may be susceptible to trace metal addition. Therefore, trace metal supplementation for anaerobic digesters should be considered on a case by case basis.

Various approaches have been developed for quantifying and displaying network traffic information for determining network status and in detecting anomalies. Although many of these methods are effective, they rely on the collection of long-term network statistics. Here, we present an approach that uses short-term observations of network features and their respective time averaged entropies. Acute changes are localized in network feature space using adaptive Wiener filtering and auto-regressive moving average modeling. The color-enhanced datagram is designed to allow a network engineer to quickly capture and visually comprehend at a glance the statistical characteristics of a network anomaly. First, average entropy for each feature is calculated for every second of observation. Then, the resultant short-term measurement is subjected to first- and second-order time averaging statistics. These measurements are the basis of a novel approach to anomaly estimation based on the well-known Fisher linear discriminant (FLD). Average port, high port, server ports, and peered ports are some of the network features used for stochastic clustering and filtering. We empirically determine that these network features obey Gaussian-like distributions. The proposed algorithm is tested on real-time network traffic data from Ohio University's main Internet connection. Experimentation has shown that the presented FLD-based scheme is accurate in identifying anomalies in network feature space, in localizing anomalies in network traffic flow, and in helping network engineers to prevent potential hazards. Furthermore, its performance is highly effective in providing a colorized visualization chart to network analysts in the presence of bursty network traffic.

Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck are appearing with increased frequency in both marrow transplanted and non-transplanted Fanconi anemia (FA) patients. FA patients commonly display radiosensitivity of epithelial tissues, complicating effective radiotherapy. Fancd2–/– mice (C57BL/6J and 129/Sv background) demonstrate epithelial tissue sensitivity to single-fraction or fractionated irradiation to the head and neck and distant marrow suppression (abscopal effect), both ameliorated by intraoral administration of the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, GS-nitroxide, JP4-039. We now report that mice of two other FA genotypes, Fancg–/– (B6) and the most prevalent human genotype Fanca–/– (129/Sv), also demonstrate: 1. reduced longevity of hematopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures; 2. radiosensitivity of bone marrow stromal cell lines; and 3. head and neck radiation-induced severe mucositis and abscopal suppression of distant marrow hematopoiesis. Intraoral administration of JP4-039/F15, but not ...

The acute lethality of total-body irradiation (TBI) involves damage to multiple organs, including bone marrow and intestine. Ionizing radiation mitigators that are effective when delivered 24 h or later after TBI include the anti-apoptotic drug, JP4-039 and the anti-necroptotic drug, necrostatin-1. In contrast to effective delivery of JP4-039 at 24 h after TBI, necrostatin-1 is most effective when delivery is delayed until 48 h, a time that correlates with the elevation of necroptosis-inducing inflammatory cytokines and necroptosis-induced serine phosphorylation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase-3 (RIP3) in tissues. The goal of this work was to determine whether administration of JP4-039 influenced the optimal delivery time for necrostatin-1. We measured daily levels of 33 proteins in plasma compared to intestine and bone marrow of C57BL/6NTac female mice over a 7-day time period after 9.25 Gy TBI (LD50/30). Protein responses to TBI in plasma were different from those measured in intestine or bone marrow. In mice that were given JP4-039 at 24 h after TBI, we delayed necrostatin-1 delivery for 72 h after TBI based on measured delay in RIP-3 kinase elevation in marrow and intestine. Sequential delivery of these two radiation mitigator drugs significantly increased survival compared to single drug administration.

SUMMARY A post-mature female newborn with a history of birth trauma developed frequent apneic spells coincident with left posterior-quadrant alpha discharges on her electroencephalogram. Except during apneic spells, clinical seizure activity was rare. The alpha discharges occurred at regular intervals and were associated with disrupted sleep cycles and a diminution in the proportion of quiet sleep. Phenobarbital apparently abolished the apnea and alpha discharges and resulted in normal sleep cycles and state proportions. At 20 months of age the patient is neurologically and developmentally normal. She has been free of apnea and seizures since the newborn period, despite withdrawal of the anticonvulsant at eight months of age. The authors relate her favorable course to the etiology, periodicity and therapeutic response of her clinical and electrical seizures. RESUME Crises a alpha periodique avec apnee chez un nouveau-ne Une fille nee post-mature avec une histoire de traumatisme a la naissance a presente des crises frequentes d'apnee correspondant a des decharges alpha dans le quadrant posterieur gauche a l'EEG. En dehors des crises d'apnee, les crises cliniques etaient rares. Les decharges d'alpha survenaient a des intervalles reguliers et etaient associees a une rupture des cycles de sommeil, une diminution de la part du sommeil tranquille. Apparemment, le phenobarbital abolit l'apnee et les decharges alpha, permit un cycle de sommeil normal avec une proportion respectee des etats de sommeil. A 20 mois, la fillette est normale au point de vue neurologique et developpement. Elle ne presente plus ni apnee, ni crises depuis la periode neonatale en depit de la suppression des antiepileptiques. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Periodische Alpha-Entladungen mit Apnoen bei einem Neugeborenen Ein ubertragenes weibliches Neugeborenes, das eine traumatische Geburt hatte, entwickelte haufige Apnoeanfalle, wobei im Elektroencephalogramm Alphaentladungen uber der linken hinteren Hemisphere abgeleitet wurden. Abgesehen von den Apnoeanfallen traten selten klinische Anfalle auf. Die Alphaentladungen traten in regelmasigen Abstanden auf und gingen mit unterbrochenen Schlafcyclen und mit einer Verkurzung der ruhigen Schlafphase einher. Durch Phenobarbitol konnten die Apnoen und die Alphaentladungen beherrscht werden und es resultierten normale Schlafcyclen und Stadieneinteilungen. Im Alter von 20 Monaten war das Madchen neurologisch und in seiner Entwicklung normal. Sie hat seit der Neugeborenenperiode keine Apnoen und keine Anfalle mehr gehabt, obwohl das Antikonvulsivum abgestzt worden war. RESUMEN Convulsiones periodicas alfa con apnea en el recien nacido Una nina postmadura recien nacida con una historia de trauma de parto desarrollo unos frecuentes ataques de apnea concidiendo con unas descargas de tipo alfa en el cuadrante posterior izquierdo de su electroencefalograma. Exceptuando los ataques de apnea, la actividad clinica convulsiva era rara. Las descargas alfa tenian lugar a intervalos regulares e iban asociados con ciclos de sueno interrumpidos y una disminucion en la proportion del sueno tranquilo. El fenobarbitral aparentemente abolio la apnea y las descargas alfa dando lugar a un ciclo de sueno normal y proporcionado. A los 20 meses de edad el paciente es normal neurologicamente y evolutivamente. No ha tenido ninguna apnea ni ataques desde el periodo de recien nacido a pesar de habersele retirado el anticonvulsivante.

Imaging sediments below salt bodies is challenging because of the inherent difficulty of estimating accurate velocity models. These models can be estimated in a variety of ways with varying degrees of expense and effectiveness. Two methods are commercially viable trade-offs. In the first method, residual-moveout analysis is performed in a layer-stripping mode. The models produced with this method can be used as a first approximation of the subsalt velocity field. A wave-equation migration scanning technique is more suitable for fine-tuning the velocity model below the salt. Both methods can be run as part of a sophisticated interactive velocity interpretation software package that makes velocity interpretation efficient. Performance of these methods has been tested on synthetic and field data examples.

Fe/Vinyl ester resin nanocomposites were fabricated by the monomer particle stabilization without any additional surfactant or coupling agent. Vinyl ester monomer serves as a coupling agent with one side covalently bound onto the nanoparticle surface by a displacement reaction and the other end copolymerized with extra vinyl ester resin to form a robust unity. The addition of iron nanoparticles favors the nanocomposite fabrication with a lower initial curing temperature. Vinyl ester resin in the nanocomposites becomes thermally stable as compared to the pure vinyl ester resin. An enhanced mechanical property is observed due to the uniform particle dispersion and the introduced interfacial covalent bondage. The iron nanoparticles become magnetically harder (with a larger coercivity) after dispersion in the vinyl ester resin matrix.