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Valné shromáždění OSN schválilo dne 25. květ­na 2000 Opční protokol k Úmluvě o právech dítěte (dále jen "Opční protokol"), jenž znamená významný posun v ochraně dětí za ozbrojeného konfliktu. Tento článek si klade za cíl zhodnotit přínos klí­čových ustanovení tohoto instrumentu na pozadí současné mezinárodně právní úpravy a rovněž poukázat na některé jeho nedostatky.

The papers deals with the problem of the current and speed control of the switched reculttance motor (SRM) on the base of the proposed mathematical model of the SRM. The basic types of the controllers are described (proportional controller, PI-controller and controller with the on-line voltage calculation of the mathematical model) and the design of their parameters is proposed. Then the comparsion of the simulation and the real drive experimental measurement results is presented.

The fractional esterification rate of cholesterol in apolipoprotein B (apoB)-depleted plasma (FERHDL) is a good indicator of particle size distribution in high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). However, there has been a discrepancy in the absolute values of FERHDL published by different laboratories. Because the main difference between the methods was in the labeling of lipoproteins with [3H]cholesterol we investigated the effect of using Corning immunoplates and paper discs as carriers of the labeled unesterified cholesterol. We found that Corning plates trap some 3H-labeled free cholesterol, which is released during incubation at 37°C. This means that this additional 3H-labeled free cholesterol is exposed to lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) for a shorter time and artificially decreases FERHDL. Using paper discs discarded before incubation as carriers of the 3H-labeled free cholesterol results in complete labeling of HDL and thus yields higher values of FERHDL. —Dobiášová, M., L. Adler, T. Ohta, and J. Frohlich. Effect of labeling of plasma lipoproteins with [3H]cholesterol on values of esterification rate of cholesterol in apolipoprotein B-depleted plasma. J. Lipid Res. 2000. 41: 1356–1357.

Musikgebundene Innovationsvorgänge: ein Sonderfall der Dialektik des Musikalischen und Aussermusikalischen

Background and aim In-stent restenosis (ISR) belongs to an infrequent but potentially serious complication after carotid angioplasty and stenting in patients with severe carotid stenosis. Some of these patients might be contraindicated to repeat percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with or without stenting (rePTA/S). The purpose of the study is to compare the safety and effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy with stent removal (CEASR) and rePTA/S in patients with carotid ISR.Methods Consecutive patients with carotid ISR (≥80%) were randomly allocated to the CEASR or rePTA/S group. The incidence of restenosis after intervention, stroke, transient ischaemic attack myocardial infarction and death 30 days and 1 year after intervention and restenosis 1 year after intervention between patients in CEASR and rePTA/S groups were statistically evaluated.Results A total of 31 patients were included in the study; 14 patients (9 males; mean age 66.3±6.6 years) were allocated to CEASR and 17 patients (10 males; mean age 68.8±5.6 years) to the rePTA/S group. The implanted stent in carotid restenosis was successfully removed in all patients in the CEASR group. No clinical vascular event was recorded periproceduraly, 30 days and 1 year after intervention in both groups. Only one patient in the CEASR group had asymptomatic occlusion of the intervened carotid artery within 30 days and one patient died in the rePTA/S group within 1 year after intervention. Restenosis after intervention was significantly greater in the rePTA/S group (mean 20.9%) than in the CEASR group (mean 0%, p=0.04), but all stenoses were

Mediator, a multisubunit protein complex, is a signal processor that conveys regulatory information from transcription factors to RNA polymerase II and therefore plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. This megadalton complex comprises four modules, namely, the head, middle, tail, and kinase modules. The first three modules form the core part of the complex, whereas association of the kinase module is facultative. The kinase module is able to alter the function of Mediator and has been established as a major transcriptional regulator of numerous developmental and biochemical processes. The kinase module consists of MED12, MED13, CycC, and kinase CDK8. Upon association with Mediator, the kinase module can alter its structure and function dramatically. In the past decade, research has established that the kinase module is very important for plant growth and development, and in the fight against biotic and abiotic challenges. However, there has been no comprehensive review discussing these findings in detail and depth. In this review, we survey the regulation of kinase module subunits and highlight their many functions in plants. Coordination between the subunits to process different signals for optimum plant growth and development is also discussed., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Curative treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) traditionally include liver transplantation, liver resection, and in some very early HCCs, local ablation. Of these methods, transplantation brings the best long-term prognosis. Therefore, it should be considered by all multidisciplinary teams. Transplant treatment of HCC has developed significantly in recent years as does the concept of transplant oncology and in some centers HCC has already been the most common indication for liver transplantation. The aim of this work is to review the role of liver transplantation in the treatment of patients with HCC, its indications, results and the current situation in IKEM, the biggest transplantation center in the Czech Republic.

The imaging modality choice depends on the clinical question in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); when HCC is suspected, then ultrasound serves as imaging at the first line, followed by computed tomography. When specialized differential dia-gnosis or bio-logical behaviour of HCC is a clinical issue, magnetic resonance imaging with a use of hepatospecific contrast agent or hybrid imaging using positron emission tomography and computed tomography or positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging with the application of 18F-fluorodeoxglucose or 18F-fluorocholine are exploited. In the therapy of HCC, it is possible to use locally destructive methods of interventional radiology, especially radiofrequency ablation or transarterial chemoembolization, or radioembolization, as the case may be.