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251. Genome-wide analysis of hepatic DNA methylation reveals impact of epigenetic aging on xenobiotic metabolism and transport genes in an aged mouse model

Author: Abudahab, Sara, Kronfol, Mohamad M., Dozmorov, Mikhail G., Campbell, Thomas, Jahr, Fay M., Nguyen, Jasmine, AlAzzeh, Ola, Al Saeedy, Dalia Y., Victor, Ashley, Lee, Sera, Malay, Shravani, Lapato, Dana M., Halquist, Matthew S., McRae, MaryPeace, Deshpande, Laxmikant S., Slattum, Patricia W., Price, Elvin T., and McClay, Joseph L.
Published: 2024
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252. Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory immune markers in solid tumors with MET alterations

Author: Karen L Reckamp, Jasmine A McQuerry, Isa Mambetsariev, Rebecca Pharaon, Susan E Yost, Jeremy Fricke, Tamara Mirzapoiazova, Raju K Pillai, Leonidas Arvanitis, Ziad Khan, Marwan Fakih, Yuan Yuan, Marianna Koczywas, Erminia Massarelli, Prakash Kulkarni, Sumanta K Pal, Martin Sattler, Andrea Bild, and Ravi Salgia
Subjects: immune markers, MET, NanoString, solid tumors, targeted therapy, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: The implication of MET alterations in solid tumors and the immune microenvironment remains elusive. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples of 21 patients with solid tumors harboring MET alterations were used for immunohistochemical staining. Extracted RNA was analyzed with the NanoString nCounter human PanCancer immune profiling panel (NanoString Technologies, Inc., WA, USA). Patients were diagnosed with lung (n = 10), breast (n = 5), genitourinary (n = 3) or colorectal cancer (n = 3). Eleven had a MET missense mutation, four had an exon 14 splice site mutation and six had MET amplification. CD6, CCL19, CD40LG, XCR1, MAGEA1, ATM and CCL19 genes were significantly differentially expressed in MET-altered cancers. MET alterations may have a role in various solid tumors as potential therapeutic targets and combination therapy candidates with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Published: 2021
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253. A partial knowledge of friends of friends speeds social search.

Author: Amr Elsisy, Boleslaw K Szymanski, Jasmine A Plum, Miao Qi, and Alex Pentland
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Milgram empirically showed that people knowing only connections to their friends could locate any person in the U.S. in a few steps. Later research showed that social network topology enables a node aware of its full routing to find an arbitrary target in even fewer steps. Yet, the success of people in forwarding efficiently knowing only personal connections is still not fully explained. To study this problem, we emulate it on a real location-based social network, Gowalla. It provides explicit information about friends and temporal locations of each user useful for studies of human mobility. Here, we use it to conduct a massive computational experiment to establish new necessary and sufficient conditions for achieving social search efficiency. The results demonstrate that only the distribution of friendship edges and the partial knowledge of friends of friends are essential and sufficient for the efficiency of social search. Surprisingly, the efficiency of the search using the original distribution of friendship edges is not dependent on how the nodes are distributed into space. Moreover, the effect of using a limited knowledge that each node possesses about friends of its friends is strongly nonlinear. We show that gains of such use grow statistically significantly only when this knowledge is limited to a small fraction of friends of friends.
Published: 2021
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254. Sex and oestrogen receptor β have modest effects on gene expression in the mouse brain posterior cortex

Author: Jasmine A. Fels, Gabriella A. Casalena, and Giovanni Manfredi
Subjects: brain cortex, mouse, oestrogen receptor β, RNA sequencing, sex, transcriptomics, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract: Abstract Introduction Sex differences in brain cortical function affect cognition, behaviour and susceptibility to neural diseases, but the molecular basis of sexual dimorphism in cortical function is still largely unknown. Oestrogen and oestrogen receptors (ERs), specifically ERβ, the most abundant ER in the cortex, may play a role in determining sex differences in gene expression, which could underlie functional sex differences. However, further investigation is needed to address brain region specificity of the effects of sex and ERβ on gene expression. The goal of this study was to investigate sex differences in gene expression in the mouse posterior cortex, where sex differences in transcription have never been examined, and to determine how genetic ablation of ERβ affects transcription. Methods In this study, we performed unbiased transcriptomics on RNA from the posterior cortex of adult wild‐type and ERβ knockout mice (n = 4/sex/genotype). We used unbiased clustering to analyse whole‐transcriptome changes between the groups. We also performed differential expression analysis on the data using DESeq2 to identify specific changes in gene expression. Results We found only 27 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in wild‐type (WT) males vs females, of which 17 were autosomal genes. Interestingly, in ERβKO males vs females all the autosomal DEGs were lost. Gene Ontology analysis of the subset of DEGs with sex differences only in the WT cortex revealed a significant enrichment of genes annotated with the function ‘cation channel activity’. Moreover, within each sex we found only a few DEGs in ERβKO vs WT mice (8 and 5 in males and females, respectively). Conclusions Overall, our results suggest that in the adult mouse posterior cortex there are surprisingly few sex differences in gene expression, and those that exist are mainly related to cation channel activity. Additionally, they indicate that brain region‐specific functional effects of ERβ may be largely post‐transcriptional.
Published: 2021
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255. A `one-two punch' therapy strategy to target chemoresistance in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer

Author: Feng Chi, Jiayi Liu, Samuel W. Brady, Patrick A. Cosgrove, Aritro Nath, Jasmine A. McQuerry, Sumana Majumdar, Philip J. Moos, Jeffrey T. Chang, Michael Kahn, and Andrea H. Bild
Subjects: CSL, Chemotherapy, HDAC, Single-cell RNA-Seq, MYC, Chemoresistance, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Cancer cell phenotypes evolve during a tumor's treatment. In some cases, tumor cells acquire cancer stem cell-like (CSL) traits such as resistance to chemotherapy and diminished differentiation; therefore, targeting these cells may be therapeutically beneficial. In this study we show that in progressive estrogen receptor positive (ER+) metastatic breast cancer tumors, resistant subclones that emerge following chemotherapy have increased CSL abundance. Further, in vitro organoid growth of ER+ patient cancer cells also shows that chemotherapy treatment leads to increased abundance of ALDH+/CD44+ CSL cells. Chemotherapy induced CSL abundance is blocked by treatment with a pan-HDAC inhibitor, belinostat. Belinostat treatment diminished both mammosphere formation and size following chemotherapy, indicating a decrease in progenitor CSL traits. HDAC inhibitors specific to class IIa (HDAC4, HDAC5) and IIb (HDAC6) were shown to primarily reverse the chemo-resistant CSL state. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis with patient samples showed that HDAC targets and MYC signaling were promoted by chemotherapy and inhibited upon HDAC inhibitor treatment. In summary, HDAC inhibition can block chemotherapy-induced drug resistant phenotypes with ‘one-two punch’ strategy in refractory breast cancer cells.
Published: 2021
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256. Predictors of Aged Residential Care Placement in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Dementia at a New Zealand Memory Service

Author: Sarah Cullum, Chris Varghese, Susan Yates, Lolomani Kalauta, Jasmine Appleton, Rebecca Knell, Camille Prigent, Madeline Christie, Kerry Appleton, Laura Hadfield, Bonnie Liu, Aakash Rajay, Brian Yeom, Bede Oulaghan, Rosie Whittington, and Gary Cheung
Subjects: dementia, risk factors, long-term care, indigenous, māori, pacific islander, antipsychotic, Medicine, Social Sciences
Abstract: Background: Aged residential care (ARC) is a significant cost of dementia care. However, little is known about the predictors of ARC placement in New Zealand (NZ), which is important for service planning and funding. The aim of this study was to investigate the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics that predict future ARC placement among people who received a new diagnosis of dementia at a NZ memory service.Methods: Routinely collected baseline sociodemographic and clinical data in a memory service from 14/06/13 and 14/12/19 were linked with administrative LTC admission data up to 24/1/2020. Survival analysis was carried out using multivariate Cox regression models to determine significant risk factors and their association with ARC placement.Results: A total of 657 NZ European, Māori and Pacific Islander patients were included in the analyses. There were significant differences by ethnicity including age, living situation, comorbidity and ARC placement. Adjusted analyses showed that risk of ARC placement was increased by older age (HR 1.02 per year, 95%CI:1.00–1.05), moderate dementia (HR 1.45, 95%CI:1.05–1.99), severe dementia (HR 2.25, 95%CI:1.33–3.81), and antipsychotics (HR 1.55, 95%CI:1.04–2.32); while risk was reduced in Māori (HR 0.35, 95%CI:0.18–0.68) and Pacific Islanders (HR 0.32, 95%CI:0.20–0.51).Conclusions: Despite having more severe dementia and higher comorbidity, Māori and Pacific Islanders had reduced risks of ARC placement. There is an urgent need to better understand dementia care issues and to ensure culturally safe and responsive dementia services are accessible by Māori and Pacific Islanders living in the community.
Published: 2021
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257. HGNChelper: identification and correction of invalid gene symbols for human and mouse [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]

Author: Sehyun Oh, Jasmine Abdelnabi, Ragheed Al-Dulaimi, Ayush Aggarwal, Marcel Ramos, Sean Davis, Markus Riester, and Levi Waldron
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Gene symbols are recognizable identifiers for gene names but are unstable and error-prone due to aliasing, manual entry, and unintentional conversion by spreadsheets to date format. Official gene symbol resources such as HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) for human genes and the Mouse Genome Informatics project (MGI) for mouse genes provide authoritative sources of valid, aliased, and outdated symbols, but lack a programmatic interface and correction of symbols converted by spreadsheets. We present HGNChelper, an R package that identifies known aliases and outdated gene symbols based on the HGNC human and MGI mouse gene symbol databases, in addition to common mislabeling introduced by spreadsheets, and provides corrections where possible. HGNChelper identified invalid gene symbols in the most recent Molecular Signatures Database (mSigDB 7.0) and in platform annotation files of the Gene Expression Omnibus, with prevalence ranging from ~3% in recent platforms to 30-40% in the earliest platforms from 2002-03. HGNChelper is installable from CRAN.
Published: 2020
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258. One Place Doesn't Fit All: Improving the Effectiveness of Sustainability Standards by Accounting for Place

Author: Kevin E. Jablonski, Jasmine A. Dillon, James W. Hale, Becca B. R. Jablonski, and Michael S. Carolan
Subjects: food system, agricultural sustainability, food policy, urban-rural linkages, local food, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract: The growing interest in incentivizing sustainable agricultural practices is supported by a large network of voluntary production standards, which aim to offer farmers and ranchers increased value for their product in support of reduced environmental impact. To be effective with producers and consumers alike, these standards must be both credible and broadly recognizable, and thus are typically highly generalizable. However, the environmental impact of agriculture is strongly place-based and varies considerably due to complex biophysical, socio-cultural, and management-based factors, even within a given sector in a particular region. We suggest that this contradiction between the placeless generality of standards and the placed-ness of agriculture renders many sustainability standards ineffective. In this policy and practice review, we examine this contradiction through the lens of beef production, with a focus on an ongoing regional food purchasing effort in Denver, Colorado, USA. We review the idea of place in the context of agricultural sustainability, drawing on life cycle analysis and diverse literature to find that recognition of place-specific circumstances is essential to understanding environmental impact and improving outcomes. We then examine the case of the Good Food Purchasing Program (GFPP), a broad set of food-purchasing standards currently being implemented for institutional purchasing in Denver. The GFPP was created through a lengthy stakeholder-inclusive process for use in Los Angeles, California, USA, and has since been applied to many cities across the country. The difference between Los Angeles' process and that of applying the result of Los Angeles' process to Denver is instructive, and emblematic of the flaws of generalizable sustainability standards themselves. We then describe the essential elements of a place-based approach to agricultural sustainability standards, pointing toward a democratic, process-based, and outcome-oriented strategy that results in standards that enable rather than hinder the creativity of both producers and consumers. Though prescription is anathema to our approach, we close by offering a starting point for the development of standards for beef production in Colorado that respect the work of people in place.
Published: 2020
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259. Therapeutic Targeting of Follicular T Cells with Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells

Author: Seth D. Reighard, Stacey A. Cranert, Kelly M. Rangel, Ayad Ali, Ivayla E. Gyurova, Arthur T. de la Cruz-Lynch, Jasmine A. Tuazon, Marat V. Khodoun, Leah C. Kottyan, David F. Smith, Hermine I. Brunner, and Stephen N. Waggoner
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920
Published: 2020
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260. Reframing Stained Glass in Nineteenth-Century Britain: Culture, Aesthetics, Contexts

Author: Gareth Atkins, Jasmine Allen, and Kate Nichols
Subjects: nineteenth century, aesthetics, culture, roundtable, stained glass, Modern history, 1453-, D204-475
Abstract: The introduction to this issue of 19 takes the form of a roundtable discussion between the guest editors Dr Jasmine Allen (The Stained Glass Museum), Dr Gareth Atkins (Queens’ College, Cambridge), and Dr Kate Nichols (Birmingham). Each contributor reflects on the research potential of stained glass in their respective fields and the reasons for its neglect; together, they will also consider the fresh issues and questions raised by the cross-disciplinary discussions that the project has sought to facilitate. In doing so, they seek both to highlight the necessity of reappraising this neglected art form and its as yet untapped possibilities as an evolving research area.
Published: 2020
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261. The Union of Science and Art: Stained Glass Windows for the South Kensington Museum

Author: Jasmine Allen
Subjects: museum, industry, art, ornament, stained glass, Modern history, 1453-, D204-475
Abstract: This article traces the history of a number of stained glass windows designed for the world’s leading museum of art and design, the South Kensington Museum, which opened in 1857. During the expansion of the museum in the 1860s and 1870s under the directorship of Henry Cole, several large-scale windows celebrating the union of science and art formed part of an ambitious interior decorative scheme that reflected the museum’s collection, its unique history, and evolving role as a national institution for the promotion of artistic and technical education. Although most of these windows were later removed, and some have been lost, the rediscovery of some windows in the Victoria and Albert Museum’s store, and the reinstatement of others, provides an opportunity to consider the original scheme, its context, and significance. Drawing on themes of religious and moral instruction, as well as knowledge and learning, combining allegorical and figurative scenes with ornamental motifs, institutional devices, and royal mottos, the iconography of the windows demonstrates a peculiarly British approach to stained glass design for secular public contexts. Interpreting these windows reveals how the decoration of public museums and galleries articulated institutional aims and helped to define and shape nineteenth-century visual culture.
Published: 2020
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262. ON WHOSE AUTHORITY? A COLLABORATIVE SELF-STUDY INTO SERVICE-USER INVOLVEMENT AND SIMULATION-BASED LEARNING IN CHILD AND YOUTH CARE EDUCATION

Author: Jasmine Ali, Kerry Boileau, Miranda Haskett, Shani Kipang, Denysha Marksman-Phillpotts, and Wolfgang Vachon
Subjects: The family. Marriage. Woman, HQ1-2044, Sociology (General), HM401-1281
Abstract: This study offers a preliminary investigation into a simulation-based, service-user-involved teaching model within a post-secondary child and youth care program. Using the method of collaborative self-study, this research draws on the diverse perspectives of six co-researchers, documenting our experience of this model through the lenses of student, professor, youth trainer, and facilitator. This study uses praxis (the cycle of action and reflection) and dialogic learning (learning through dialogue) to unpack personal and professional questions of expertise, participation, professional development, and anti-oppressive practice.
Published: 2020
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263. Effects of Visual Scene Complexity on Neural Signatures of Spatial Attention

Author: Lia M. Bonacci, Scott Bressler, Jasmine A. C. Kwasa, Abigail L. Noyce, and Barbara G. Shinn-Cunningham
Subjects: EEG, visual spatial attention, alpha oscillations, evoked potential, scene complexity, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Spatial selective attention greatly affects our processing of complex visual scenes, yet the way in which the brain selects relevant objects while suppressing irrelevant objects is still unclear. Evidence of these processes has been found using non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG). However, few studies have characterized these measures during attention to dynamic stimuli, and little is known regarding how these measures change with increased scene complexity. Here, we compared attentional modulation of the EEG N1 and alpha power (oscillations between 8–14 Hz) across three visual selective attention tasks. The tasks differed in the number of irrelevant stimuli presented, but all required sustained attention to the orientation trajectory of a lateralized stimulus. In scenes with few irrelevant stimuli, top-down control of spatial attention is associated with strong modulation of both the N1 and alpha power across parietal-occipital channels. In scenes with many irrelevant stimuli in both hemifields, however, top-down control is no longer represented by strong modulation of alpha power, and N1 amplitudes are overall weaker. These results suggest that as a scene becomes more complex, requiring suppression in both hemifields, the neural signatures of top-down control degrade, likely reflecting some limitation in EEG to represent this suppression.
Published: 2020
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264. Enhancing Turkish Music Emotion Prediction: A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques

Author: Katta, Siva Sai Susmitha, Katta, Siva Kumar, Jena, Junali Jasmine, Gourisaria, Mahendra Kumar, Satapathy, Suresh Chandra, Li, Gang, Series Editor, Filipe, Joaquim, Series Editor, Xu, Zhiwei, Series Editor, Tiwari, Sanju, editor, Ortiz-Rodriguez, Fernando, editor, Sicilia, Miguel-Angel, editor, and Chhetri, Tek Raj, editor
Published: 2025
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265. Role of Seaweed-Derived Biostimulants in Commercial Seaweed Farming

Author: Jaiswar, Santlal, Bhojani, Arti, Rajai, Jasmine V., Rathore, Mangal S., editor, and Mantri, Vaibhav A., editor
Published: 2025
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266. Visualizing Polarization Effects of Gravitational Waves Using Particle Rings and Surfaces in Virtual Reality

Author: Schumacher, Kristen, Joshi, Sonali, Srivastava, Dhruv, Shaffer, Alex, Jog, Anisha, Shih, Jasmine, Shaffer, Eric, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Bebis, George, editor, Patel, Vishal, editor, Gu, Jinwei, editor, Panetta, Julian, editor, Gingold, Yotam, editor, Johnsen, Kyle, editor, Arefin, Mohammed Safayet, editor, Dutta, Soumya, editor, and Biswas, Ayan, editor
Published: 2025
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267. Blockchain Technology for Digital Asset Ownership

Author: Lam, Jasmine Siu Lee, Lee, Kee Wei, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Li, Bo, editor, Li, Minming, editor, and Sun, Xiaoming, editor
Published: 2025
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268. Forest Owners’ and Forestry Stakeholders’ Perceptions

Author: Haltia, Emmi, Eriksson, Louise, Koskela, Terhi, Rørstad, Per Kr., Wallin, Ida, Zhang, Jasmine, Tomé, Margarida, Series Editor, Seifert, Thomas, Series Editor, Kurttila, Mikko, Series Editor, Rautio, Pasi, editor, Routa, Johanna, editor, Huuskonen, Saija, editor, Holmström, Emma, editor, Cedergren, Jonas, editor, and Kuehne, Christian, editor
Published: 2025
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269. Multiple Use of Forests

Author: Tuulentie, Seija, Bjärstig, Therese, Hansen, Inger, Lande, Unni, McLean, Paul, Pellikka, Jani, Peltola, Rainer, Zhang, Jasmine, Tomé, Margarida, Series Editor, Seifert, Thomas, Series Editor, Kurttila, Mikko, Series Editor, Rautio, Pasi, editor, Routa, Johanna, editor, Huuskonen, Saija, editor, Holmström, Emma, editor, Cedergren, Jonas, editor, and Kuehne, Christian, editor
Published: 2025
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270. Integrating Conversational Pathways with a Chatbot Builder Platform

Author: Prakash, Varshini, Foster, Alex Lambe, Noble, Jasmine, Zaiane, Osmar R., Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Delir Haghighi, Pari, editor, Greguš, Michal, editor, Kotsis, Gabriele, editor, and Khalil, Ismail, editor
Published: 2025
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271. Autonomy, Autocreation and Agency: Radical Non-Motherhood in Amandine Gay’s Une poupée en chocolat (2021)

Author: Cooper, Jasmine D., Jamieson, Lynn, Series Editor, Gabb, Jacqui, Series Editor, Eldén, Sara, Series Editor, Bertone, Chiara, Series Editor, Česnuitytė, Vida, Series Editor, Björklund, Jenny, editor, Kuzminskaitė, Dovilė, editor, and Rodgers, Julie, editor
Published: 2025
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272. 16S rRNA Amplicon-Sequenzierung

Author: Christensen, Henrik, Andersson, Jasmine, Jørgensen, Steffen Lynge, Vogt, Josef Korbinian, and Christensen, Henrik, editor
Published: 2025
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273. Comparative Study of Coil Shapes for Electric Vehicle Resonant Wireless Power Transfer System

Author: Mandradiar, Jayendra, Daya, J. L. Febin, Balamurugan, P., Jasmine, S. Graceline, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Oneto, Luca, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Tan, Kay Chen, Series Editor, Shrivastava, Vivek, editor, Bansal, Jagdish Chand, editor, and Panigrahi, B. K., editor
Published: 2025
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274. QUALIDADE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E MICROBIOLÓGICA DE HORTALIÇAS DESIDRATADAS AO SOL E EM SECADOR LABORATORIAL

Author: Adair da Silva Santos Filho, Noel Cardoso Veloso, Roberta Torres Careli, Milton Nobel Cano-Chauca, Candido Alves da Costa, Neide Judith Faria de Oliveira, and Jasmine Alves Campos
Subjects: processamento mínimo, folhosa, olerícola, hortaliça não convencional, lobrobô, General Works
Abstract: Em Minas Gerais, Brasil, couve e Ora-pro-nóbis são folhosas comuns e a dessecação dessas pode aumentar vida útil e valor agregado. Objetivou-se desidratar e realizar análise físico-química e microbiológica de Brassica oleraceae e Pereskia aculeata ao sol e em secador. Folhas sanitizadas e enxaguadas foram cortadas em espessura aproximada de 5 mm e porções de 300 g foram colocadas em bandejas, no secador a 60 °C e ao sol. Monitorou-se a perda de umidade até estabilização da massa e elaboraram-se gráficos de secagem. Após estabilizar por 8h, as amostras foram acondicionadas a vácuo e armazenadas em temperatura ambiente por cinco dias para análises físicas, microbiológicas e químicas. A perda de massa foi mais acentuada nas primeiras horas e posteriormente observou-se decréscimo. As equações de perda de massa foram: y=5,649x2–77,63x+301,0 para couve cortada sob secagem ao sol; y=2,800x2–53,35x+300,2 para Ora-pro-nóbis cortado sob secagem ao sol nas primeiras 10h; y=0,098x2–2,099x+40,30 para Ora-pro-nóbis cortado sob secagem ao sol nas 4h seguintes; y=1,449x2–39,50x+300 para couve cortada em secagem artificial; y=1,637x2–42,93x+300 para Ora-pro-nóbis cortado sob secagem artificial; y=0,377x2– 20,02x+293,0 para folhas íntegras de Ora-pro-nóbis sob secagem artificial. Constatou-se ausência de contaminantes físicos e de Salmonella spp., além de contagens de Staphylococcus coagulase positivo e coliformes a 35°C inferiores às permitidas, nos dois métodos de desidratação. As médias de umidade foram 8,32 a 8,37% e de proteínas, 18,72 a 24,74%. A qualidade físico-química e microbiológica de B. oleraceae e P. aculeata desidratadas ao sol e em secador foi satisfatória.
Published: 2018
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275. Melanopsin Retinal Ganglion Cells Regulate Cone Photoreceptor Lamination in the Mouse Retina

Author: Adele R. Tufford, Jessica R. Onyak, Katelyn B. Sondereker, Jasmine A. Lucas, Aaron M. Earley, Pierre Mattar, Samer Hattar, Tiffany M. Schmidt, Jordan M. Renna, and Michel Cayouette
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Summary: Newborn neurons follow molecular cues to reach their final destination, but whether early life experience influences lamination remains largely unexplored. As light is among the first stimuli to reach the developing nervous system via intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), we asked whether ipRGCs could affect lamination in the developing mouse retina. We show here that ablation of ipRGCs causes cone photoreceptors to mislocalize at different apicobasal positions in the retina. This effect is partly mediated by light-evoked activity in ipRGCs, as dark rearing or silencing of ipRGCs leads a subset of cones to mislocalize. Furthermore, ablation of ipRGCs alters the cone transcriptome and decreases expression of the dopamine receptor D4, while injection of L-DOPA or D4 receptor agonist rescues the displaced cone phenotype observed in dark-reared animals. These results show that early light-mediated activity in ipRGCs influences neuronal lamination and identify ipRGC-elicited dopamine release as a mechanism influencing cone position. : Tufford et al. show that light acting through intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) controls cone photoreceptor positioning in the developing mouse retina, using dopamine signaling as a cue. Ablation of ipRGCs disrupts cone positioning and induces changes in the cone transcriptome. Keywords: melanopsin, lamination, cone photoreceptors, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, dopamine, retina, neuronal layers, mouse, cell migration, development
Published: 2018
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276. Multiple Molecular Mechanisms Rescue mtDNA Disease in C. elegans

Author: Suraiya Haroon, Annie Li, Jaye L. Weinert, Clark Fritsch, Nolan G. Ericson, Jasmine Alexander-Floyd, Bart P. Braeckman, Cole M. Haynes, Jason H. Bielas, Tali Gidalevitz, and Marc Vermulst
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Summary: Genetic instability of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) plays an important role in human aging and disease. Thus far, it has proven difficult to develop successful treatment strategies for diseases that are caused by mtDNA instability. To address this issue, we developed a model of mtDNA disease in the nematode C. elegans, an animal model that can rapidly be screened for genes and biological pathways that reduce mitochondrial pathology. These worms recapitulate all the major hallmarks of mtDNA disease in humans, including increased mtDNA instability, loss of respiration, reduced neuromuscular function, and a shortened lifespan. We found that these phenotypes could be rescued by intervening in numerous biological pathways, including IGF-1/insulin signaling, mitophagy, and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, suggesting that it may be possible to ameliorate mtDNA disease through multiple molecular mechanisms. : Haroon et al. describe a genetically engineered C. elegans that carries an error-prone copy of DNA polymerase γ, the enzyme that replicates the mitochondrial genome. This worm recapitulates the major hallmarks of mitochondrial disease in humans. The authors identify multiple biological pathways that could potentially delay disease progression. Keywords: mitochondrial genome, mitophagy, mitochondrial unfolded protein response, IGF-1/insulin signaling, polymerase gamma, mutation, mitochondrial disease, mitochondrial DNA depletion, RNAi, neuromuscular dysfunction
Published: 2018
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277. Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and offspring DNA methylation in midlife

Author: Parisa Tehranifar, Hui-Chen Wu, Jasmine A. McDonald, Farzana Jasmine, Regina M. Santella, Irina Gurvich, Julie D. Flom, and Mary Beth Terry
Subjects: cigarette smoke, dna methylation, lifecourse, maternal smoking in pregnancy, midlife, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Maternal smoking in pregnancy (MSP) has been associated with DNA methylation in specific CpG sites (CpGs) in infants and children. We investigated whether MSP, independent of own personal active smoking, was associated with midlife DNA methylation in CpGs that were previously identified in studies of MSP-DNA methylation in children. We used data on MSP collected from pregnant mothers of 89 adult women born in 1959–1964 and measured DNA methylation in blood (granulocytes) collected in 2001–2007 (mean age: 43 years). Seventeen CpGs were differentially methylated by MSP, with multiple CpGs mapping to CYP1A1, MYO1G, AHRR, and GFI1. These associations were consistent in direction with prior studies (e.g., MSP associated with more and less methylation in AHRR and CYP1A1, respectively) and, with the exception of AHRR CpGs, were not substantially altered by adjustment for active smoking. These preliminary results confirm prior prospective reports that MSP influences the offspring DNA methylation, and extends the timeframe to midlife, and suggest that these effects may persist into adulthood, independently of active smoking.
Published: 2018
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278. Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models

Author: Gemini Team, Anil, Rohan, Borgeaud, Sebastian, Alayrac, Jean-Baptiste, Yu, Jiahui, Soricut, Radu, Schalkwyk, Johan, Dai, Andrew M., Hauth, Anja, Millican, Katie, Silver, David, Johnson, Melvin, Antonoglou, Ioannis, Schrittwieser, Julian, Glaese, Amelia, Chen, Jilin, Pitler, Emily, Lillicrap, Timothy, Lazaridou, Angeliki, Firat, Orhan, Molloy, James, Isard, Michael, Barham, Paul R., Hennigan, Tom, Lee, Benjamin, Viola, Fabio, Reynolds, Malcolm, Xu, Yuanzhong, Doherty, Ryan, Collins, Eli, Meyer, Clemens, Rutherford, Eliza, Moreira, Erica, Ayoub, Kareem, Goel, Megha, Krawczyk, Jack, Du, Cosmo, Chi, Ed, Cheng, Heng-Tze, Ni, Eric, Shah, Purvi, Kane, Patrick, Chan, Betty, Faruqui, Manaal, Severyn, Aliaksei, Lin, Hanzhao, Li, YaGuang, Cheng, Yong, Ittycheriah, Abe, Mahdieh, Mahdis, Chen, Mia, Sun, Pei, Tran, Dustin, Bagri, Sumit, Lakshminarayanan, Balaji, Liu, Jeremiah, Orban, Andras, Güra, Fabian, Zhou, Hao, Song, Xinying, Boffy, Aurelien, Ganapathy, Harish, Zheng, Steven, Choe, HyunJeong, Weisz, Ágoston, Zhu, Tao, Lu, Yifeng, Gopal, Siddharth, Kahn, Jarrod, Kula, Maciej, Pitman, Jeff, Shah, Rushin, Taropa, Emanuel, Merey, Majd Al, Baeuml, Martin, Chen, Zhifeng, Shafey, Laurent El, Zhang, Yujing, Sercinoglu, Olcan, Tucker, George, Piqueras, Enrique, Krikun, Maxim, Barr, Iain, Savinov, Nikolay, Danihelka, Ivo, Roelofs, Becca, White, Anaïs, Andreassen, Anders, von Glehn, Tamara, Yagati, Lakshman, Kazemi, Mehran, Gonzalez, Lucas, Khalman, Misha, Sygnowski, Jakub, Frechette, Alexandre, Smith, Charlotte, Culp, Laura, Proleev, Lev, Luan, Yi, Chen, Xi, Lottes, James, Schucher, Nathan, Lebron, Federico, Rrustemi, Alban, Clay, Natalie, Crone, Phil, Kocisky, Tomas, Zhao, Jeffrey, Perz, Bartek, Yu, Dian, Howard, Heidi, Bloniarz, Adam, Rae, Jack W., Lu, Han, Sifre, Laurent, Maggioni, Marcello, Alcober, Fred, Garrette, Dan, Barnes, Megan, Thakoor, Shantanu, Austin, Jacob, Barth-Maron, Gabriel, Wong, William, Joshi, Rishabh, Chaabouni, Rahma, Fatiha, Deeni, Ahuja, Arun, Tomar, Gaurav Singh, Senter, Evan, Chadwick, Martin, Kornakov, Ilya, Attaluri, Nithya, Iturrate, Iñaki, Liu, Ruibo, Li, Yunxuan, Cogan, Sarah, Chen, Jeremy, Jia, Chao, Gu, Chenjie, Zhang, Qiao, Grimstad, Jordan, Hartman, Ale Jakse, Garcia, Xavier, Pillai, Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana, Devlin, Jacob, Laskin, Michael, Casas, Diego de Las, Valter, Dasha, Tao, Connie, Blanco, Lorenzo, Badia, Adrià Puigdomènech, Reitter, David, Chen, Mianna, Brennan, Jenny, Rivera, Clara, Brin, Sergey, Iqbal, Shariq, Surita, Gabriela, Labanowski, Jane, Rao, Abhi, Winkler, Stephanie, Parisotto, Emilio, Gu, Yiming, Olszewska, Kate, Addanki, Ravi, Miech, Antoine, Louis, Annie, Teplyashin, Denis, Brown, Geoff, Catt, Elliot, Balaguer, Jan, Xiang, Jackie, Wang, Pidong, Ashwood, Zoe, Briukhov, Anton, Webson, Albert, Ganapathy, Sanjay, Sanghavi, Smit, Kannan, Ajay, Chang, Ming-Wei, Stjerngren, Axel, Djolonga, Josip, Sun, Yuting, Bapna, Ankur, Aitchison, Matthew, Pejman, Pedram, Michalewski, Henryk, Yu, Tianhe, Wang, Cindy, Love, Juliette, Ahn, Junwhan, Bloxwich, Dawn, Han, Kehang, Humphreys, Peter, Sellam, Thibault, Bradbury, James, Godbole, Varun, Samangooei, Sina, Damoc, Bogdan, Kaskasoli, Alex, Arnold, Sébastien M. 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Prakash, Varadarajan, Mani, Bahargam, Sanaz, Willoughby, Rob, Gaddy, David, Desjardins, Guillaume, Cornero, Marco, Robenek, Brona, Mittal, Bhavishya, Albrecht, Ben, Shenoy, Ashish, Moiseev, Fedor, Jacobsson, Henrik, Ghaffarkhah, Alireza, Rivière, Morgane, Walton, Alanna, Crepy, Clément, Parrish, Alicia, Zhou, Zongwei, Farabet, Clement, Radebaugh, Carey, Srinivasan, Praveen, van der Salm, Claudia, Fidjeland, Andreas, Scellato, Salvatore, Latorre-Chimoto, Eri, Klimczak-Plucińska, Hanna, Bridson, David, de Cesare, Dario, Hudson, Tom, Mendolicchio, Piermaria, Walker, Lexi, Morris, Alex, Mauger, Matthew, Guseynov, Alexey, Reid, Alison, Odoom, Seth, Loher, Lucia, Cotruta, Victor, Yenugula, Madhavi, Grewe, Dominik, Petrushkina, Anastasia, Duerig, Tom, Sanchez, Antonio, Yadlowsky, Steve, Shen, Amy, Globerson, Amir, Webb, Lynette, Dua, Sahil, Li, Dong, Bhupatiraju, Surya, Hurt, Dan, Qureshi, Haroon, Agarwal, Ananth, Shani, Tomer, Eyal, Matan, Khare, Anuj, Belle, Shreyas Rammohan, Wang, Lei, Tekur, Chetan, Kale, Mihir Sanjay, Wei, Jinliang, Sang, Ruoxin, Saeta, Brennan, Liechty, Tyler, Sun, Yi, Zhao, Yao, Lee, Stephan, Nayak, Pandu, Fritz, Doug, Vuyyuru, Manish Reddy, Aslanides, John, Vyas, Nidhi, Wicke, Martin, Ma, Xiao, Eltyshev, Evgenii, Martin, Nina, Cate, Hardie, Manyika, James, Amiri, Keyvan, Kim, Yelin, Xiong, Xi, Kang, Kai, Luisier, Florian, Tripuraneni, Nilesh, Madras, David, Guo, Mandy, Waters, Austin, Wang, Oliver, Ainslie, Joshua, Baldridge, Jason, Zhang, Han, Pruthi, Garima, Bauer, Jakob, Yang, Feng, Mansour, Riham, Gelman, Jason, Xu, Yang, Polovets, George, Liu, Ji, Cai, Honglong, Chen, Warren, Sheng, XiangHai, Xue, Emily, Ozair, Sherjil, Angermueller, Christof, Li, Xiaowei, Sinha, Anoop, Wang, Weiren, Wiesinger, Julia, Koukoumidis, Emmanouil, Tian, Yuan, Iyer, Anand, Gurumurthy, Madhu, Goldenson, Mark, Shah, Parashar, Blake, MK, Yu, Hongkun, Urbanowicz, Anthony, Palomaki, Jennimaria, Fernando, Chrisantha, Durden, Ken, Mehta, Harsh, Momchev, Nikola, Rahimtoroghi, Elahe, Georgaki, Maria, Raul, Amit, Ruder, Sebastian, Redshaw, Morgan, Lee, Jinhyuk, Zhou, Denny, Jalan, Komal, Li, Dinghua, Hechtman, Blake, Schuh, Parker, Nasr, Milad, Milan, Kieran, Mikulik, Vladimir, Franco, Juliana, Green, Tim, Nguyen, Nam, Kelley, Joe, Mahendru, Aroma, Hu, Andrea, Howland, Joshua, Vargas, Ben, Hui, Jeffrey, Bansal, Kshitij, Rao, Vikram, Ghiya, Rakesh, Wang, Emma, Ye, Ke, Sarr, Jean Michel, Preston, Melanie Moranski, Elish, Madeleine, Li, Steve, Kaku, Aakash, Gupta, Jigar, Pasupat, Ice, Juan, Da-Cheng, Someswar, Milan, M., Tejvi, Chen, Xinyun, Amini, Aida, Fabrikant, Alex, Chu, Eric, Dong, Xuanyi, Muthal, Amruta, Buthpitiya, Senaka, Jauhari, Sarthak, Khandelwal, Urvashi, Hitron, Ayal, Ren, Jie, Rinaldi, Larissa, Drath, Shahar, Dabush, Avigail, Jiang, Nan-Jiang, Godhia, Harshal, Sachs, Uli, Chen, Anthony, Fan, Yicheng, Taitelbaum, Hagai, Noga, Hila, Dai, Zhuyun, Wang, James, Hamer, Jenny, Ferng, Chun-Sung, Elkind, Chenel, Atias, Aviel, Lee, Paulina, Listík, Vít, Carlen, Mathias, van de Kerkhof, Jan, Pikus, Marcin, Zaher, Krunoslav, Müller, Paul, Zykova, Sasha, Stefanec, Richard, Gatsko, Vitaly, Hirnschall, Christoph, Sethi, Ashwin, Xu, Xingyu Federico, Ahuja, Chetan, Tsai, Beth, Stefanoiu, Anca, Feng, Bo, Dhandhania, Keshav, Katyal, Manish, Gupta, Akshay, Parulekar, Atharva, Pitta, Divya, Zhao, Jing, Bhatia, Vivaan, Bhavnani, Yashodha, Alhadlaq, Omar, Li, Xiaolin, Danenberg, Peter, Tu, Dennis, Pine, Alex, Filippova, Vera, Ghosh, Abhipso, Limonchik, Ben, Urala, Bhargava, Lanka, Chaitanya Krishna, Clive, Derik, Li, Edward, Wu, Hao, Hongtongsak, Kevin, Li, Ianna, Thakkar, Kalind, Omarov, Kuanysh, Majmundar, Kushal, Alverson, Michael, Kucharski, Michael, Patel, Mohak, Jain, Mudit, Zabelin, Maksim, Pelagatti, Paolo, Kohli, Rohan, Kumar, Saurabh, Kim, Joseph, Sankar, Swetha, Shah, Vineet, Ramachandruni, Lakshmi, Zeng, Xiangkai, Bariach, Ben, Weidinger, Laura, Vu, Tu, Andreev, Alek, He, Antoine, Hui, Kevin, Kashem, Sheleem, Subramanya, Amar, Hsiao, Sissie, Hassabis, Demis, Kavukcuoglu, Koray, Sadovsky, Adam, Le, Quoc, Strohman, Trevor, Wu, Yonghui, Petrov, Slav, Dean, Jeffrey, and Vinyals, Oriol
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract: This report introduces a new family of multimodal models, Gemini, that exhibit remarkable capabilities across image, audio, video, and text understanding. The Gemini family consists of Ultra, Pro, and Nano sizes, suitable for applications ranging from complex reasoning tasks to on-device memory-constrained use-cases. Evaluation on a broad range of benchmarks shows that our most-capable Gemini Ultra model advances the state of the art in 30 of 32 of these benchmarks - notably being the first model to achieve human-expert performance on the well-studied exam benchmark MMLU, and improving the state of the art in every one of the 20 multimodal benchmarks we examined. We believe that the new capabilities of the Gemini family in cross-modal reasoning and language understanding will enable a wide variety of use cases. We discuss our approach toward post-training and deploying Gemini models responsibly to users through services including Gemini, Gemini Advanced, Google AI Studio, and Cloud Vertex AI.
Published: 2023

279. Contributors

Author: Agbai, Oma N., primary, Aguh, Crystal, additional, Alam, Murad, additional, Alexis, Andrew F., additional, AlSalem, Sultan B., additional, Battle, Eliot F., additional, Burgess, Cheryl Marie, additional, Callender, Valerie Dawn, additional, Campbell, Janeth R., additional, Chan, Henry H.L., additional, Franco, Abigail, additional, Galadari, Hassan, additional, Goh, Chee-Leok, additional, Grimes, Pearl E., additional, E. Grimes, Pearl, additional, Hogan, Sara, additional, Ibrahim, Omer, additional, Ibrahim, Sherrif F., additional, Jagdeo, Jared, additional, Jamerson, Taylor A., additional, Kang, Bianca Y., additional, Khetarpal, Shilpi, additional, Kurtti, Alana, additional, Ladha, Malika A., additional, Laughter, Melissa, additional, Lee, Nicole Y., additional, Martin, Elise D., additional, Maymone, Mayra B.C., additional, Moustafa, Farah, additional, Munavalli, Gilly, additional, Obioha, Jasmine Onyeka, additional, Osei-Tutu, Achiamah, additional, Perez, Maritza Ivonne, additional, Pyles, Malcolm, additional, Quiñonez, Rebecca L., additional, Robinson, Camille, additional, Sadeghpour, Mona, additional, Saedi, Nazanin, additional, Saizan, Autumn Leslie, additional, Seck, Sokhna, additional, Taylor, Susan C., additional, Vashi, Neelam A., additional, Velasquez, Rosannah Marie, additional, Wassef, Cindy, additional, Velez, Mara Weinstein, additional, Williams, Kiyanna, additional, and Woolery-Lloyd, Heather, additional
Published: 2025
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280. Botulinum toxins: Racial/ethnic considerations and expert techniques for optimal outcomes

Author: Obioha, Jasmine O., primary and Grimes, Pearl E., additional
Published: 2025
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281. The Crown Act: A Jewel for Combating Racial Discrimination in the Workplace and Classroom. Policy Memo

Author: Economic Policy Institute and Jasmine Payne-Patterson
Abstract: Black and brown people--and especially Black women--regularly face discrimination in schools and the workplace based on the texture and style of their hair. This is yet another form of racial discrimination and yet another way to control and police Black and brown people. Twenty-four states across the country have responded by passing the CROWN ("Creating a Respectful and Open World for Natural Hair") Act, which prohibits hair-based discrimination at work and school. The movement to pass the CROWN Act is gaining momentum in states across the country, as well as at the federal level. The Act is about strengthening worker protections and ensuring dignity and respect for cultural expression. This report discusses: (1) The effects of hair-based discrimination; (2) How the CROWN Act protects against hair-based discrimination; (3) Why is the CROWN Act needed?; (4) State of play: The CROWN Act has bipartisan support; and (5) How the CROWN Act is a critical tool to fight discrimination.
Published: 2023

282. Towards Clinical AI Fairness: Filling Gaps in the Puzzle

Author: Liu, Mingxuan, Ning, Yilin, Teixayavong, Salinelat, Liu, Xiaoxuan, Mertens, Mayli, Shang, Yuqing, Li, Xin, Miao, Di, Xu, Jie, Ting, Daniel Shu Wei, Cheng, Lionel Tim-Ee, Ong, Jasmine Chiat Ling, Teo, Zhen Ling, Tan, Ting Fang, RaviChandran, Narrendar, Wang, Fei, Celi, Leo Anthony, Ong, Marcus Eng Hock, and Liu, Nan
Subjects: Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract: The ethical integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare necessitates addressing fairness-a concept that is highly context-specific across medical fields. Extensive studies have been conducted to expand the technical components of AI fairness, while tremendous calls for AI fairness have been raised from healthcare. Despite this, a significant disconnect persists between technical advancements and their practical clinical applications, resulting in a lack of contextualized discussion of AI fairness in clinical settings. Through a detailed evidence gap analysis, our review systematically pinpoints several deficiencies concerning both healthcare data and the provided AI fairness solutions. We highlight the scarcity of research on AI fairness in many medical domains where AI technology is increasingly utilized. Additionally, our analysis highlights a substantial reliance on group fairness, aiming to ensure equality among demographic groups from a macro healthcare system perspective; in contrast, individual fairness, focusing on equity at a more granular level, is frequently overlooked. To bridge these gaps, our review advances actionable strategies for both the healthcare and AI research communities. Beyond applying existing AI fairness methods in healthcare, we further emphasize the importance of involving healthcare professionals to refine AI fairness concepts and methods to ensure contextually relevant and ethically sound AI applications in healthcare.
Published: 2024

283. Prediction of cancer dynamics under treatment using Bayesian neural networks: A simulated study

Author: Myklebust, Even Moa, Frigessi, Arnoldo, Schjesvold, Fredrik, Foo, Jasmine, Leder, Kevin, and Köhn-Luque, Alvaro
Subjects: Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract: Predicting cancer dynamics under treatment is challenging due to high inter-patient heterogeneity, lack of predictive biomarkers, and sparse and noisy longitudinal data. Mathematical models can summarize cancer dynamics by a few interpretable parameters per patient. Machine learning methods can then be trained to predict the model parameters from baseline covariates, but do not account for uncertainty in the parameter estimates. Instead, hierarchical Bayesian modeling can model the relationship between baseline covariates to longitudinal measurements via mechanistic parameters while accounting for uncertainty in every part of the model. The mapping from baseline covariates to model parameters can be modeled in several ways. A linear mapping simplifies inference but fails to capture nonlinear covariate effects and scale poorly for interaction modeling when the number of covariates is large. In contrast, Bayesian neural networks can potentially discover interactions between covariates automatically, but at a substantial cost in computational complexity. In this work, we develop a hierarchical Bayesian model of subpopulation dynamics that uses baseline covariate information to predict cancer dynamics under treatment, inspired by cancer dynamics in multiple myeloma (MM), where serum M protein is a well-known proxy of tumor burden. As a working example, we apply the model to a simulated dataset and compare its ability to predict M protein trajectories to a model with linear covariate effects. Our results show that the Bayesian neural network covariate effect model predicts cancer dynamics more accurately than a linear covariate effect model when covariate interactions are present. The framework can also be applied to other types of cancer or other time series prediction problems that can be described with a parametric model., Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2024

284. Deep operator learning-based surrogate models for aerothermodynamic analysis of AEDC hypersonic waverider

Author: Shukla, Khemraj, Ratchford, Jasmine, Bravo, Luis, Oommen, Vivek, Plewacki, Nicholas, Ghoshal, Anindya, and Karniadakis, George
Subjects: Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract: Neural networks are universal approximators that traditionally have been used to learn a map between function inputs and outputs. However, recent research has demonstrated that deep neural networks can be used to approximate operators, learning function-to-function mappings. Creating surrogate models to supplement computationally expensive hypersonic aerothermodynamic models in characterizing the response of flow fields at different angles of attack (AoA) is an ideal application of neural operators. We investigate the use of neural operators to infer flow fields (volume and surface quantities) around a geometry based on a 3D waverider model based on experimental data measured at the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) Hypervelocity Wind Tunnel Number 9. We use a DeepONet neural operator which consists of two neural networks, commonly called a branch and a trunk network. The final output is the inner product of the output of the branch network and the output of the trunk net. Because the flow field contains shocks across the entire volume, we conduct a two-step training approach of the DeepONet that facilitates accurate approximation of solutions even in the presence of discontinuities. We train various DeepONet models to understand and predict pressure $(p)$, density $(\rho)$, velocity $(u)$, heat flux $(Q_w)$, and total shear stress $(\tau_{w})$ for the AEDC waverider geometry at Ma=7.36 across AoA that range from $-10^{\circ}$ to $10^{\circ}$ for surface quantities and from $-14^{\circ}$ to $14^{\circ}$ for volume quantities., Comment: 71st JANNAF Propulsion Meeting, Oklahoma City, OK, 6-10 May 2024, 10 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2024

285. Perivascular space Identification Nnunet for Generalised Usage (PINGU)

Author: Sinclair, Benjamin, Vivash, Lucy, Moses, Jasmine, Lynch, Miranda, Pham, William, Dorfman, Karina, Marotta, Cassandra, Koh, Shaun, Bunyamin, Jacob, Rowsthorn, Ella, Jarema, Alex, Peiris, Himashi, Chen, Zhaolin, Shultz, Sandy R, Wright, David K, Kong, Dexiao, Naismith, Sharon L., OBrien, Terence J., and Law, Meng
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Perivascular spaces(PVSs) form a central component of the brain\'s waste clearance system, the glymphatic system. These structures are visible on MRI images, and their morphology is associated with aging and neurological disease. Manual quantification of PVS is time consuming and subjective. Numerous deep learning methods for PVS segmentation have been developed, however the majority have been developed and evaluated on homogenous datasets and high resolution scans, perhaps limiting their applicability for the wide range of image qualities acquired in clinic and research. In this work we train a nnUNet, a top-performing biomedical image segmentation algorithm, on a heterogenous training sample of manually segmented MRI images of a range of different qualities and resolutions from 6 different datasets. These are compared to publicly available deep learning methods for 3D segmentation of PVS. The resulting model, PINGU (Perivascular space Identification Nnunet for Generalised Usage), achieved voxel and cluster level dice scores of 0.50(SD=0.15), 0.63(0.17) in the white matter(WM), and 0.54(0.11), 0.66(0.17) in the basal ganglia(BG). Performance on data from unseen sites was substantially lower for both PINGU(0.20-0.38(WM, voxel), 0.29-0.58(WM, cluster), 0.22-0.36(BG, voxel), 0.46-0.60(BG, cluster)) and the publicly available algorithms(0.18-0.30(WM, voxel), 0.29-0.38(WM cluster), 0.10-0.20(BG, voxel), 0.15-0.37(BG, cluster)), but PINGU strongly outperformed the publicly available algorithms, particularly in the BG. Finally, training PINGU on manual segmentations from a single site with homogenous scan properties gave marginally lower performances on internal cross-validation, but in some cases gave higher performance on external validation. PINGU stands out as broad-use PVS segmentation tool, with particular strength in the BG, an area of PVS related to vascular disease and pathology.
Published: 2024

286. Leveraging Large Language Models to Enhance Domain Expert Inclusion in Data Science Workflows

Author: Shih, Jasmine Y., Mohanty, Vishal, Katsis, Yannis, and Subramonyam, Hariharan
Subjects: Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract: Domain experts can play a crucial role in guiding data scientists to optimize machine learning models while ensuring contextual relevance for downstream use. However, in current workflows, such collaboration is challenging due to differing expertise, abstract documentation practices, and lack of access and visibility into low-level implementation artifacts. To address these challenges and enable domain expert participation, we introduce CellSync, a collaboration framework comprising (1) a Jupyter Notebook extension that continuously tracks changes to dataframes and model metrics and (2) a Large Language Model powered visualization dashboard that makes those changes interpretable to domain experts. Through CellSync's cell-level dataset visualization with code summaries, domain experts can interactively examine how individual data and modeling operations impact different data segments. The chat features enable data-centric conversations and targeted feedback to data scientists. Our preliminary evaluation shows that CellSync provides transparency and promotes critical discussions about the intents and implications of data operations.
Published: 2024

287. Investigating Remote Hands-On Assistance for Collaborative Development of Embedded Systems

Author: Chen, Yan and Jones, Jasmine
Subjects: Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract: Developing embedded systems is a complex endeavor that frequently requires collaborative teamwork. With the rise of freelance work and the global shift towards remote work, the need for effective remote collaboration has become crucial for many developers and their clients. However, current communication and coordination tools are predominantly tailored for software development rather than hardware-focused tasks. This study investigates the potential for remote support tools specifically designed for embedded systems development. Through interviews with 12 experienced embedded systems developers, we explored their existing remote work practices, challenges, and requirements. We also conducted a user enactment study featuring a custom-designed remote manipulation agent, Handy, as a theoretical assistant, to identify the kinds of support developers would value in a collaborative setting. Our findings highlight the scenarios and strategies employed in remote work, the specific support needs, and the challenges related to information exchange, coordination, and execution. Additionally, we explore concerns around privacy, control, and trust when using remote physical manipulation tools. This research contributes to the field by integrating the development of embedded systems with the remote, on-demand collaboration and assistance typical of software environments, offering a solid empirical foundation for future research on remote manipulation agents in this area.
Published: 2024

288. Microbial iron reduction under oxic conditions: implications for subsurface biogeochemistry

Author: Ceriotti, Giulia, Bosco-Santos, Alice, Borisov, Sergey M., and Berg, Jasmine S.
Subjects: Physics - Biological Physics, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract: Iron (Fe) reduction is one of Earth's most ancient microbial metabolisms, but after atmosphere-ocean oxygenation, this anaerobic process was relegated to niche anoxic environments below the water and soil surface. However, new technologies to monitor redox processes at the microscale relevant to microbial cells have recently revealed that the oxygen (O2) concentrations controlling the distribution of aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms are more heterogeneous than previously believed. To explore how O2 levels regulate microbial Fe reduction, we cultivated a facultative Fe-reducing bacterium using a cutting-edge microfluidic reactor integrated with transparent planar O2 sensors. Contrary to expectations, microbial growth induced Fe(III)-oxide (ferrihydrite) reduction under fully oxygenated conditions without forming O2-depleted microsites. Batch incubations highlighted the importance of the process at a larger scale, fundamentally changing our understanding of Fe cycling from the conceptualization of metal and nutrient mobility in the subsurface to our interpretation of Fe mineralogy in the rock record.
Published: 2024

289. Muon Track Reconstruction in the Scintillator Phase of SNO+

Author: Simms, Jasmine
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The large depth of the SNO+ experiment (2070 m, 6010 m.w.e.) means that only a few muons per day pass through the detector. However, their high energy causes muon induced backgrounds which can affect multiple physics analyses. Reconstructing the muon track would allow for improved rejection for these induced backgrounds. Currently there is no muon tracker for the scintillator phase of SNO+. This poster presents a novel method of muon track reconstruction by using the high photon sampling from muons and the assumption that each PMT first registers a hit from a photon that takes the fastest possible path from the muon entry point to the PMT., Comment: This contribution was presented as a poster at NuPhys2023
Published: 2024

290. Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context

Author: Gemini Team, Georgiev, Petko, Lei, Ving Ian, Burnell, Ryan, Bai, Libin, Gulati, Anmol, Tanzer, Garrett, Vincent, Damien, Pan, Zhufeng, Wang, Shibo, Mariooryad, Soroosh, Ding, Yifan, Geng, Xinyang, Alcober, Fred, Frostig, Roy, Omernick, Mark, Walker, Lexi, Paduraru, Cosmin, Sorokin, Christina, Tacchetti, Andrea, Gaffney, Colin, Daruki, Samira, Sercinoglu, Olcan, Gleicher, Zach, Love, Juliette, Voigtlaender, Paul, Jain, Rohan, Surita, Gabriela, Mohamed, Kareem, Blevins, Rory, Ahn, Junwhan, Zhu, Tao, Kawintiranon, Kornraphop, Firat, Orhan, Gu, Yiming, Zhang, Yujing, Rahtz, Matthew, Faruqui, Manaal, Clay, Natalie, Gilmer, Justin, Co-Reyes, JD, Penchev, Ivo, Zhu, Rui, Morioka, Nobuyuki, Hui, Kevin, Haridasan, Krishna, Campos, Victor, Mahdieh, Mahdis, Guo, Mandy, Hassan, Samer, Kilgour, Kevin, Vezer, Arpi, Cheng, Heng-Tze, de Liedekerke, Raoul, Goyal, Siddharth, Barham, Paul, Strouse, DJ, Noury, Seb, Adler, Jonas, Sundararajan, Mukund, Vikram, Sharad, Lepikhin, Dmitry, Paganini, Michela, Garcia, Xavier, Yang, Fan, Valter, Dasha, Trebacz, Maja, Vodrahalli, Kiran, Asawaroengchai, Chulayuth, Ring, Roman, Kalb, Norbert, Soares, Livio Baldini, Brahma, Siddhartha, Steiner, David, Yu, Tianhe, Mentzer, Fabian, He, Antoine, Gonzalez, Lucas, Xu, Bibo, Kaufman, Raphael Lopez, Shafey, Laurent El, Oh, Junhyuk, Hennigan, Tom, Driessche, George van den, Odoom, Seth, Lucic, Mario, Roelofs, Becca, Lall, Sid, Marathe, Amit, Chan, Betty, Ontanon, Santiago, He, Luheng, Teplyashin, Denis, Lai, Jonathan, Crone, Phil, Damoc, Bogdan, Ho, Lewis, Riedel, Sebastian, Lenc, Karel, Yeh, Chih-Kuan, Chowdhery, Aakanksha, Xu, Yang, Kazemi, Mehran, Amid, Ehsan, Petrushkina, Anastasia, Swersky, Kevin, Khodaei, Ali, Chen, Gowoon, Larkin, Chris, Pinto, Mario, Yan, Geng, Badia, Adria Puigdomenech, Patil, Piyush, Hansen, Steven, Orr, Dave, Arnold, Sebastien M. R., Grimstad, Jordan, Dai, Andrew, Douglas, Sholto, Sinha, Rishika, Yadav, Vikas, Chen, Xi, Gribovskaya, Elena, Austin, Jacob, Zhao, Jeffrey, Patel, Kaushal, Komarek, Paul, Austin, Sophia, Borgeaud, Sebastian, Friso, Linda, Goyal, Abhimanyu, Caine, Ben, Cao, Kris, Chung, Da-Woon, Lamm, Matthew, Barth-Maron, Gabe, Kagohara, Thais, Olszewska, Kate, Chen, Mia, Shivakumar, Kaushik, Agarwal, Rishabh, Godhia, Harshal, Rajwar, Ravi, Snaider, Javier, Dotiwalla, Xerxes, Liu, Yuan, Barua, Aditya, Ungureanu, Victor, Zhang, Yuan, Batsaikhan, Bat-Orgil, Wirth, Mateo, Qin, James, Danihelka, Ivo, Doshi, Tulsee, Chadwick, Martin, Chen, Jilin, Jain, Sanil, Le, Quoc, Kar, Arjun, Gurumurthy, Madhu, Li, Cheng, Sang, Ruoxin, Liu, Fangyu, Lamprou, Lampros, Munoz, Rich, Lintz, Nathan, Mehta, Harsh, Howard, Heidi, Reynolds, Malcolm, Aroyo, Lora, Wang, Quan, Blanco, Lorenzo, Cassirer, Albin, Griffith, Jordan, Das, Dipanjan, Lee, Stephan, Sygnowski, Jakub, Fisher, Zach, Besley, James, Powell, Richard, Ahmed, Zafarali, Paulus, Dominik, Reitter, David, Borsos, Zalan, Joshi, Rishabh, Pope, Aedan, Hand, Steven, Selo, Vittorio, Jain, Vihan, Sethi, Nikhil, Goel, Megha, Makino, Takaki, May, Rhys, Yang, Zhen, Schalkwyk, Johan, Butterfield, Christina, Hauth, Anja, Goldin, Alex, Hawkins, Will, Senter, Evan, Brin, Sergey, Woodman, Oliver, Ritter, Marvin, Noland, Eric, Giang, Minh, Bolina, Vijay, Lee, Lisa, Blyth, Tim, Mackinnon, Ian, Reid, Machel, Sarvana, Obaid, Silver, David, Chen, Alexander, Wang, Lily, Maggiore, Loren, Chang, Oscar, Attaluri, Nithya, Thornton, Gregory, Chiu, Chung-Cheng, Bunyan, Oskar, Levine, Nir, Chung, Timothy, Eltyshev, Evgenii, Si, Xiance, Lillicrap, Timothy, Brady, Demetra, Aggarwal, Vaibhav, Wu, Boxi, Xu, Yuanzhong, McIlroy, Ross, Badola, Kartikeya, Sandhu, Paramjit, Moreira, Erica, Stokowiec, Wojciech, Hemsley, Ross, Li, Dong, Tudor, Alex, Shyam, Pranav, Rahimtoroghi, Elahe, Haykal, Salem, Sprechmann, Pablo, Zhou, Xiang, Mincu, Diana, Li, Yujia, Addanki, Ravi, Krishna, Kalpesh, Wu, Xiao, Frechette, Alexandre, Eyal, Matan, Dafoe, Allan, Lacey, Dave, Whang, Jay, Avrahami, Thi, Zhang, Ye, Taropa, Emanuel, Lin, Hanzhao, Toyama, Daniel, Rutherford, Eliza, Sano, Motoki, Choe, HyunJeong, Tomala, Alex, Safranek-Shrader, Chalence, Kassner, Nora, Pajarskas, Mantas, Harvey, Matt, Sechrist, Sean, Fortunato, Meire, Lyu, Christina, Elsayed, Gamaleldin, Kuang, Chenkai, Lottes, James, Chu, Eric, Jia, Chao, Chen, Chih-Wei, Humphreys, Peter, Baumli, Kate, Tao, Connie, Samuel, Rajkumar, Santos, Cicero Nogueira dos, Andreassen, Anders, Rakićević, Nemanja, Grewe, Dominik, Kumar, Aviral, Winkler, Stephanie, Caton, Jonathan, Brock, Andrew, Dalmia, Sid, Sheahan, Hannah, Barr, Iain, Miao, Yingjie, Natsev, Paul, Devlin, Jacob, Behbahani, Feryal, Prost, Flavien, Sun, Yanhua, Myaskovsky, Artiom, Pillai, Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana, Hurt, Dan, Lazaridou, Angeliki, Xiong, Xi, Zheng, Ce, Pardo, Fabio, Li, Xiaowei, Horgan, Dan, Stanton, Joe, Ambar, Moran, Xia, Fei, Lince, Alejandro, Wang, Mingqiu, Mustafa, Basil, Webson, Albert, Lee, Hyo, Anil, Rohan, Wicke, Martin, Dozat, Timothy, Sinha, Abhishek, Piqueras, Enrique, Dabir, Elahe, Upadhyay, Shyam, Boral, Anudhyan, Hendricks, Lisa Anne, Fry, Corey, Djolonga, Josip, Su, Yi, Walker, Jake, Labanowski, Jane, Huang, Ronny, Misra, Vedant, Chen, Jeremy, Skerry-Ryan, RJ, Singh, Avi, Rijhwani, Shruti, Yu, Dian, Castro-Ros, Alex, Changpinyo, Beer, Datta, Romina, Bagri, Sumit, Hrafnkelsson, Arnar Mar, Maggioni, Marcello, Zheng, Daniel, Sulsky, Yury, Hou, Shaobo, Paine, Tom Le, Yang, Antoine, Riesa, Jason, Rogozinska, Dominika, Marcus, Dror, Badawy, Dalia El, Zhang, Qiao, Wang, Luyu, Miller, Helen, Greer, Jeremy, Sjos, Lars Lowe, Nova, Azade, Zen, Heiga, Chaabouni, Rahma, Rosca, Mihaela, Jiang, Jiepu, Chen, Charlie, Liu, Ruibo, Sainath, Tara, Krikun, Maxim, Polozov, Alex, Lespiau, Jean-Baptiste, Newlan, Josh, Cankara, Zeyncep, Kwak, Soo, Xu, Yunhan, Chen, Phil, Coenen, Andy, Meyer, Clemens, Tsihlas, Katerina, Ma, Ada, Gottweis, Juraj, Xing, Jinwei, Gu, Chenjie, Miao, Jin, Frank, Christian, Cankara, Zeynep, Ganapathy, Sanjay, Dasgupta, Ishita, Hughes-Fitt, Steph, Chen, Heng, Reid, David, Rong, Keran, Fan, Hongmin, van Amersfoort, Joost, Zhuang, Vincent, Cohen, Aaron, Gu, Shixiang Shane, Mohananey, Anhad, Ilic, Anastasija, Tobin, Taylor, Wieting, John, Bortsova, Anna, Thacker, Phoebe, Wang, Emma, Caveness, Emily, Chiu, Justin, Sezener, Eren, Kaskasoli, Alex, Baker, Steven, Millican, Katie, Elhawaty, Mohamed, Aisopos, Kostas, Lebsack, Carl, Byrd, Nathan, Dai, Hanjun, Jia, Wenhao, Wiethoff, Matthew, Davoodi, Elnaz, Weston, Albert, Yagati, Lakshman, Ahuja, Arun, Gao, Isabel, Pundak, Golan, Zhang, Susan, Azzam, Michael, Sim, Khe Chai, Caelles, Sergi, Keeling, James, Sharma, Abhanshu, Swing, Andy, Li, YaGuang, Liu, Chenxi, Bostock, Carrie Grimes, Bansal, Yamini, Nado, Zachary, Anand, Ankesh, Lipschultz, Josh, Karmarkar, Abhijit, Proleev, Lev, Ittycheriah, Abe, Yeganeh, Soheil Hassas, Polovets, George, Faust, Aleksandra, Sun, Jiao, Rrustemi, Alban, Li, Pen, Shivanna, Rakesh, Liu, Jeremiah, Welty, Chris, Lebron, Federico, Baddepudi, Anirudh, Krause, Sebastian, Parisotto, Emilio, Soricut, Radu, Xu, Zheng, Bloxwich, Dawn, Johnson, Melvin, Neyshabur, Behnam, Mao-Jones, Justin, Wang, Renshen, Ramasesh, Vinay, Abbas, Zaheer, Guez, Arthur, Segal, Constant, Nguyen, Duc Dung, Svensson, James, Hou, Le, York, Sarah, Milan, Kieran, Bridgers, Sophie, Gworek, Wiktor, Tagliasacchi, Marco, Lee-Thorp, James, Chang, Michael, Guseynov, Alexey, Hartman, Ale Jakse, Kwong, Michael, Zhao, Ruizhe, Kashem, Sheleem, Cole, Elizabeth, Miech, Antoine, Tanburn, Richard, Phuong, Mary, Pavetic, Filip, Cevey, Sebastien, Comanescu, Ramona, Ives, Richard, Yang, Sherry, Du, Cosmo, Li, Bo, Zhang, Zizhao, Iinuma, Mariko, Hu, Clara Huiyi, Roy, Aurko, Bijwadia, Shaan, Zhu, Zhenkai, Martins, Danilo, Saputro, Rachel, Gergely, Anita, Zheng, Steven, Jia, Dawei, Antonoglou, Ioannis, Sadovsky, Adam, Gu, Shane, Bi, Yingying, Andreev, Alek, Samangooei, Sina, Khan, Mina, Kocisky, Tomas, Filos, Angelos, Kumar, Chintu, Bishop, Colton, Yu, Adams, Hodkinson, Sarah, Mittal, Sid, Shah, Premal, Moufarek, Alexandre, Cheng, Yong, Bloniarz, Adam, Lee, Jaehoon, Pejman, Pedram, Michel, Paul, Spencer, Stephen, Feinberg, Vladimir, Xiong, Xuehan, Savinov, Nikolay, Smith, Charlotte, Shakeri, Siamak, Tran, Dustin, Chesus, Mary, Bohnet, Bernd, Tucker, George, von Glehn, Tamara, Muir, Carrie, Mao, Yiran, Kazawa, Hideto, Slone, Ambrose, Soparkar, Kedar, Shrivastava, Disha, Cobon-Kerr, James, Sharman, Michael, Pavagadhi, Jay, Araya, Carlos, Misiunas, Karolis, Ghelani, Nimesh, Laskin, Michael, Barker, David, Li, Qiujia, Briukhov, Anton, Houlsby, Neil, Glaese, Mia, Lakshminarayanan, Balaji, Schucher, Nathan, Tang, Yunhao, Collins, Eli, Lim, Hyeontaek, Feng, Fangxiaoyu, Recasens, Adria, Lai, Guangda, Magni, Alberto, De Cao, Nicola, Siddhant, Aditya, Ashwood, Zoe, Orbay, Jordi, Dehghani, Mostafa, Brennan, Jenny, He, Yifan, Xu, Kelvin, Gao, Yang, Saroufim, Carl, Molloy, James, Wu, Xinyi, Arnold, Seb, Chang, Solomon, Schrittwieser, Julian, Buchatskaya, Elena, Radpour, Soroush, Polacek, Martin, Giordano, Skye, Bapna, Ankur, Tokumine, Simon, Hellendoorn, Vincent, Sottiaux, Thibault, Cogan, Sarah, Severyn, Aliaksei, Saleh, Mohammad, Thakoor, Shantanu, Shefey, Laurent, Qiao, Siyuan, Gaba, Meenu, Chang, Shuo-yiin, Swanson, Craig, Zhang, Biao, Lee, Benjamin, Rubenstein, Paul Kishan, Song, Gan, Kwiatkowski, Tom, Koop, Anna, Kannan, Ajay, Kao, David, Schuh, Parker, Stjerngren, Axel, Ghiasi, Golnaz, Gibson, Gena, Vilnis, Luke, Yuan, Ye, Ferreira, Felipe Tiengo, Kamath, Aishwarya, Klimenko, Ted, Franko, Ken, Xiao, Kefan, Bhattacharya, Indro, Patel, Miteyan, Wang, Rui, Morris, Alex, Strudel, Robin, Sharma, Vivek, Choy, Peter, Hashemi, Sayed Hadi, Landon, Jessica, Finkelstein, Mara, Jhakra, Priya, Frye, Justin, Barnes, Megan, Mauger, Matthew, Daun, Dennis, Baatarsukh, Khuslen, Tung, Matthew, Farhan, Wael, Michalewski, Henryk, Viola, Fabio, Quitry, Felix de Chaumont, Lan, Charline Le, Hudson, Tom, Wang, Qingze, Fischer, Felix, Zheng, Ivy, White, Elspeth, Dragan, Anca, Alayrac, Jean-baptiste, Ni, Eric, Pritzel, Alexander, Iwanicki, Adam, Isard, Michael, Bulanova, Anna, Zilka, Lukas, Dyer, Ethan, Sachan, Devendra, Srinivasan, Srivatsan, Muckenhirn, Hannah, Cai, Honglong, Mandhane, Amol, Tariq, Mukarram, Rae, Jack W., Wang, Gary, Ayoub, Kareem, FitzGerald, Nicholas, Zhao, Yao, Han, Woohyun, Alberti, Chris, Garrette, Dan, Krishnakumar, Kashyap, Gimenez, Mai, Levskaya, Anselm, Sohn, Daniel, Matak, Josip, Iturrate, Inaki, Chang, Michael B., Xiang, Jackie, Cao, Yuan, Ranka, Nishant, Brown, Geoff, Hutter, Adrian, Mirrokni, Vahab, Chen, Nanxin, Yao, Kaisheng, Egyed, Zoltan, Galilee, Francois, Liechty, Tyler, Kallakuri, Praveen, Palmer, Evan, Ghemawat, Sanjay, Liu, Jasmine, Tao, David, Thornton, Chloe, Green, Tim, Jasarevic, Mimi, Lin, Sharon, Cotruta, Victor, Tan, Yi-Xuan, Fiedel, Noah, Yu, Hongkun, Chi, Ed, Neitz, Alexander, Heitkaemper, Jens, Sinha, Anu, Zhou, Denny, Sun, Yi, Kaed, Charbel, Hulse, Brice, Mishra, Swaroop, Georgaki, Maria, Kudugunta, Sneha, Farabet, Clement, Shafran, Izhak, Vlasic, Daniel, Tsitsulin, Anton, Ananthanarayanan, Rajagopal, Carin, Alen, Su, Guolong, Sun, Pei, V, Shashank, Carvajal, Gabriel, Broder, Josef, Comsa, Iulia, Repina, Alena, Wong, William, Chen, Warren Weilun, Hawkins, Peter, Filonov, Egor, Loher, Lucia, Hirnschall, Christoph, Wang, Weiyi, Ye, Jingchen, Burns, Andrea, Cate, Hardie, Wright, Diana Gage, Piccinini, Federico, Zhang, Lei, Lin, Chu-Cheng, Gog, Ionel, Kulizhskaya, Yana, Sreevatsa, Ashwin, Song, Shuang, Cobo, Luis C., Iyer, Anand, Tekur, Chetan, Garrido, Guillermo, Xiao, Zhuyun, Kemp, Rupert, Zheng, Huaixiu Steven, Li, Hui, Agarwal, Ananth, Ngani, Christel, Goshvadi, Kati, Santamaria-Fernandez, Rebeca, Fica, Wojciech, Chen, Xinyun, Gorgolewski, Chris, Sun, Sean, Garg, Roopal, Ye, Xinyu, Eslami, S. M. Ali, Hua, Nan, Simon, Jon, Joshi, Pratik, Kim, Yelin, Tenney, Ian, Potluri, Sahitya, Thiet, Lam Nguyen, Yuan, Quan, Luisier, Florian, Chronopoulou, Alexandra, Scellato, Salvatore, Srinivasan, Praveen, Chen, Minmin, Koverkathu, Vinod, Dalibard, Valentin, Xu, Yaming, Saeta, Brennan, Anderson, Keith, Sellam, Thibault, Fernando, Nick, Huot, Fantine, Jung, Junehyuk, Varadarajan, Mani, Quinn, Michael, Raul, Amit, Le, Maigo, Habalov, Ruslan, Clark, Jon, Jalan, Komal, Bullard, Kalesha, Singhal, Achintya, Luong, Thang, Wang, Boyu, Rajayogam, Sujeevan, Eisenschlos, Julian, Jia, Johnson, Finchelstein, Daniel, Yakubovich, Alex, Balle, Daniel, Fink, Michael, Agarwal, Sameer, Li, Jing, Dvijotham, Dj, Pal, Shalini, Kang, Kai, Konzelmann, Jaclyn, Beattie, Jennifer, Dousse, Olivier, Wu, Diane, Crocker, Remi, Elkind, Chen, Jonnalagadda, Siddhartha Reddy, Lee, Jong, Holtmann-Rice, Dan, Kallarackal, Krystal, Liu, Rosanne, Vnukov, Denis, Vats, Neera, Invernizzi, Luca, Jafari, Mohsen, Zhou, Huanjie, Taylor, Lilly, Prendki, Jennifer, Wu, Marcus, Eccles, Tom, Liu, Tianqi, Kopparapu, Kavya, Beaufays, Francoise, Angermueller, Christof, Marzoca, Andreea, Sarcar, Shourya, Dib, Hilal, Stanway, Jeff, Perbet, Frank, Trdin, Nejc, Sterneck, Rachel, Khorlin, Andrey, Li, Dinghua, Wu, Xihui, Goenka, Sonam, Madras, David, Goldshtein, Sasha, Gierke, Willi, Zhou, Tong, Liu, Yaxin, Liang, Yannie, White, Anais, Li, Yunjie, Singh, Shreya, Bahargam, Sanaz, Epstein, Mark, Basu, Sujoy, Lao, Li, Ozturel, Adnan, Crous, Carl, Zhai, Alex, Lu, Han, Tung, Zora, Gaur, Neeraj, Walton, Alanna, Dixon, Lucas, Zhang, Ming, Globerson, Amir, Uy, Grant, Bolt, Andrew, Wiles, Olivia, Nasr, Milad, Shumailov, Ilia, Selvi, Marco, Piccinno, Francesco, Aguilar, Ricardo, McCarthy, Sara, Khalman, Misha, Shukla, Mrinal, Galic, Vlado, Carpenter, John, Villela, Kevin, Zhang, Haibin, Richardson, Harry, Martens, James, Bosnjak, Matko, Belle, Shreyas Rammohan, Seibert, Jeff, Alnahlawi, Mahmoud, McWilliams, Brian, Singh, Sankalp, Louis, Annie, Ding, Wen, Popovici, Dan, Simicich, Lenin, Knight, Laura, Mehta, Pulkit, Gupta, Nishesh, Shi, Chongyang, Fatehi, Saaber, Mitrovic, Jovana, Grills, Alex, Pagadora, Joseph, Munkhdalai, Tsendsuren, Petrova, Dessie, Eisenbud, Danielle, Zhang, Zhishuai, Yates, Damion, Mittal, Bhavishya, Tripuraneni, Nilesh, Assael, Yannis, Brovelli, Thomas, Jain, Prateek, Velimirovic, Mihajlo, Akbulut, Canfer, Mu, Jiaqi, Macherey, Wolfgang, Kumar, Ravin, Xu, Jun, Qureshi, Haroon, Comanici, Gheorghe, Wiesner, Jeremy, Gong, Zhitao, Ruddock, Anton, Bauer, Matthias, Felt, Nick, GP, Anirudh, Arnab, Anurag, Zelle, Dustin, Rothfuss, Jonas, Rosgen, Bill, Shenoy, Ashish, Seybold, Bryan, Li, Xinjian, Mudigonda, Jayaram, Erdogan, Goker, Xia, Jiawei, Simsa, Jiri, Michi, Andrea, Yao, Yi, Yew, Christopher, Kan, Steven, Caswell, Isaac, Radebaugh, Carey, Elisseeff, Andre, Valenzuela, Pedro, McKinney, Kay, Paterson, Kim, Cui, Albert, Latorre-Chimoto, Eri, Kim, Solomon, Zeng, William, Durden, Ken, Ponnapalli, Priya, Sosea, Tiberiu, Choquette-Choo, Christopher A., Manyika, James, Robenek, Brona, Vashisht, Harsha, Pereira, Sebastien, Lam, Hoi, Velic, Marko, Owusu-Afriyie, Denese, Lee, Katherine, Bolukbasi, Tolga, Parrish, Alicia, Lu, Shawn, Park, Jane, Venkatraman, Balaji, Talbert, Alice, Rosique, Lambert, Cheng, Yuchung, Sozanschi, Andrei, Paszke, Adam, Kumar, Praveen, Austin, Jessica, Li, Lu, Salama, Khalid, Perz, Bartek, Kim, Wooyeol, Dukkipati, Nandita, Baryshnikov, Anthony, Kaplanis, Christos, Sheng, XiangHai, Chervonyi, Yuri, Unlu, Caglar, Casas, Diego de Las, Askham, Harry, Tunyasuvunakool, Kathryn, Gimeno, Felix, Poder, Siim, Kwak, Chester, Miecnikowski, Matt, Dimitriev, Alek, Parisi, Aaron, Liu, Dangyi, Tsai, Tomy, Shevlane, Toby, Kouridi, Christina, Garmon, Drew, Goedeckemeyer, Adrian, Brown, Adam R., Vijayakumar, Anitha, Elqursh, Ali, Jazayeri, Sadegh, Huang, Jin, Carthy, Sara Mc, Hoover, Jay, Kim, Lucy, Kumar, Sandeep, Chen, Wei, Biles, Courtney, Bingham, Garrett, Rosen, Evan, Wang, Lisa, Tan, Qijun, Engel, David, Pongetti, Francesco, de Cesare, Dario, Hwang, Dongseong, Yu, Lily, Pullman, Jennifer, Narayanan, Srini, Levin, Kyle, Gopal, Siddharth, Li, Megan, Aharoni, Asaf, Trinh, Trieu, Lo, Jessica, Casagrande, Norman, Vij, Roopali, Matthey, Loic, Ramadhana, Bramandia, Matthews, Austin, Carey, CJ, Johnson, Matthew, Goranova, Kremena, Shah, Rohin, Ashraf, Shereen, Dasgupta, Kingshuk, Larsen, Rasmus, Wang, Yicheng, Vuyyuru, Manish Reddy, Jiang, Chong, Ijazi, Joana, Osawa, Kazuki, Smith, Celine, Boppana, Ramya Sree, Bilal, Taylan, Koizumi, Yuma, Xu, Ying, Altun, Yasemin, Shabat, Nir, Bariach, Ben, Korchemniy, Alex, Choo, Kiam, Ronneberger, Olaf, Iwuanyanwu, Chimezie, Zhao, Shubin, Soergel, David, Hsieh, Cho-Jui, Cai, Irene, Iqbal, Shariq, Sundermeyer, Martin, Chen, Zhe, Bursztein, Elie, Malaviya, Chaitanya, Biadsy, Fadi, Shroff, Prakash, Dhillon, Inderjit, Latkar, Tejasi, Dyer, Chris, Forbes, Hannah, Nicosia, Massimo, Nikolaev, Vitaly, Greene, Somer, Georgiev, Marin, Wang, Pidong, Martin, Nina, Sedghi, Hanie, Zhang, John, Banzal, Praseem, Fritz, Doug, Rao, Vikram, Wang, Xuezhi, Zhang, Jiageng, Patraucean, Viorica, Du, Dayou, Mordatch, Igor, Jurin, Ivan, Liu, Lewis, Dubey, Ayush, Mohan, Abhi, Nowakowski, Janek, Ion, Vlad-Doru, Wei, Nan, Tojo, Reiko, Raad, Maria Abi, Hudson, Drew A., Keshava, Vaishakh, Agrawal, Shubham, Ramirez, Kevin, Wu, Zhichun, Nguyen, Hoang, Liu, Ji, Sewak, Madhavi, Petrini, Bryce, Choi, DongHyun, Philips, Ivan, Wang, Ziyue, Bica, Ioana, Garg, Ankush, Wilkiewicz, Jarek, Agrawal, Priyanka, Guo, Danhao, Xue, Emily, Shaik, Naseer, Leach, Andrew, Khan, Sadh MNM, Wiesinger, Julia, Jerome, Sammy, Chakladar, Abhishek, Wang, Alek Wenjiao, Ornduff, Tina, Abu, Folake, Ghaffarkhah, Alireza, Wainwright, Marcus, Cortes, Mario, Liu, Frederick, Maynez, Joshua, Terzis, Andreas, Samangouei, Pouya, Mansour, Riham, Kępa, Tomasz, Aubet, François-Xavier, Algymr, Anton, Banica, Dan, Weisz, Agoston, Orban, Andras, Senges, Alexandre, Andrejczuk, Ewa, Geller, Mark, Santo, Niccolo Dal, Anklin, Valentin, Merey, Majd Al, Baeuml, Martin, Strohman, Trevor, Bai, Junwen, Petrov, Slav, Wu, Yonghui, Hassabis, Demis, Kavukcuoglu, Koray, Dean, Jeff, and Vinyals, Oriol
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: In this report, we introduce the Gemini 1.5 family of models, representing the next generation of highly compute-efficient multimodal models capable of recalling and reasoning over fine-grained information from millions of tokens of context, including multiple long documents and hours of video and audio. The family includes two new models: (1) an updated Gemini 1.5 Pro, which exceeds the February version on the great majority of capabilities and benchmarks; (2) Gemini 1.5 Flash, a more lightweight variant designed for efficiency with minimal regression in quality. Gemini 1.5 models achieve near-perfect recall on long-context retrieval tasks across modalities, improve the state-of-the-art in long-document QA, long-video QA and long-context ASR, and match or surpass Gemini 1.0 Ultra's state-of-the-art performance across a broad set of benchmarks. Studying the limits of Gemini 1.5's long-context ability, we find continued improvement in next-token prediction and near-perfect retrieval (>99%) up to at least 10M tokens, a generational leap over existing models such as Claude 3.0 (200k) and GPT-4 Turbo (128k). Finally, we highlight real-world use cases, such as Gemini 1.5 collaborating with professionals on completing their tasks achieving 26 to 75% time savings across 10 different job categories, as well as surprising new capabilities of large language models at the frontier; when given a grammar manual for Kalamang, a language with fewer than 200 speakers worldwide, the model learns to translate English to Kalamang at a similar level to a person who learned from the same content.
Published: 2024

291. 15 Consent (Still) Won’t Save Us

Author: McNealy, Jasmine, primary
Published: 2024
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292. E-Cigarette Aerosols Promote Oral S. aureus Colonization by Delaying an Immune Response and Bacterial Clearing

Author: Alma R. Cátala-Valentín, Jasmine Almeda, Joshua N. Bernard, Alexander M. Cole, Amy L. Cole, Sean D. Moore, and Claudia D. Andl
Subjects: inflammation, oral cavity, bacterial–epithelial interactions, S. aureus, COX2, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract: E-cigarette (e-cig) vapor has been shown to play a pathological role in oral health and alter the oral microbiota, providing growth advantages for opportunistic pathogens. Enrichment of Staphylococcus aureus, a commensal resident in the oral cavity, correlates with the progression of periodontal disease, suggesting a role as an opportunistic pathogen. Environmental conditions, such as cigarette smoke, are known to increase S. aureus virulence, yet the role of S. aureus in periodontitis and oral preneoplasia is unknown. We exposed oral epithelial cells to e-cig aerosols and showed a dose-dependent cell viability reduction, regardless of nicotine content, in a possible attempt to repair DNA damage, as measured by pH2AX. S. aureus attachment to oral epithelial cells and bacterial biofilm formation were enhanced upon e-cig exposure, indicating an increased capacity for oral colonization. Mechanistically, e-cig aerosol exposure resulted in an immunosuppression, as determined by a reduction in IL8, IL6, and IL1β secretion by oral epithelial cells during co-culture with S. aureus. Consistent with this, e-cig vape reduced the oral epithelial cell clearance of S. aureus. Furthermore, we observed an increased expression of the inflammatory regulator COX2. This work suggests that e-cigs promote S. aureus colonization and modulate the oral inflammatory response, possibly promoting oral periodontitis and preneoplasia.
Published: 2022
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293. Feasibility study of a telehealth school-based behavioral parent training group program for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Author: Chung, Sara, Lai, Jasmine, Hawkey, Elizabeth J, Dvorsky, Melissa R, Owens, Elizabeth, Huston, Emma, and Pfiffner, Linda J
Subjects: Clinical and Health Psychology, Psychology, Brain Disorders, Coronaviruses, Mental Health, Pediatric, Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD), Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Telehealth, Mental Illness, Infectious Diseases, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, 5.6 Psychological and behavioural, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, telehealth, behavioral parent training, ADHD, school intervention, professional training program, Developmental & Child Psychology, Applied and developmental psychology, Clinical and health psychology, Cognitive and computational psychology
Abstract: ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of Telehealth Behavioral Parent Training (T-BPT), a school telehealth group intervention for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with a companion training program for school clinicians.MethodsT-BPT was developed in an iterative three-phase design in partnership with community stakeholders during the COVID-19 pandemic. School clinicians (N = 4) delivered T-BPT over 8 weeks to parents (N = 21, groups of 5-6 per school) of children (Grades 2-5) with ADHD while simultaneously receiving training and consultation from PhD-level study trainers. A single-arm open trial was used to assess feasibility, engagement, and preliminary efficacy.ResultsParents and school clinicians endorsed high feasibility, acceptability, and usability of T-BPT. Parent attendance was high (M = 94.6%) and a majority of parents (66.7%) attended all eight sessions. Preliminary outcomes indicate moderate to large reductions in parent-reported ADHD symptoms (ω2 = .36), functional and clinical global impairment (ω2s= .21 and .19, respectively), and distance learning challenges (ω2 = .22).ConclusionsResults were in line with in-person delivery, indicating promising feasibility of school telehealth BPT groups. This study also provided further support for the feasibility of the remote training model for school clinicians. Implications of the commonly endorsed barriers and benefits beyond COVID-19 and relevance to under resourced communities are also discussed.
Published: 2024

294. INF2-mediated actin polymerization at ER-organelle contacts regulates organelle size and movement.

Author: Manor, Uri, Schiavon, Cara, Wang, Yuning, Feng, Jasmine, Garrett, Stephanie, Sung, Tsung-Chang, Dayn, Yelena, Shadel, Gerald, Quintero-Carmona, Omar, Wang, Chunxin, and Youle, Richard J
Abstract: Proper regulation of organelle dynamics and inter-organelle contacts is critical for cellular health and function. Both the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and actin cytoskeleton are known to regulate organelle dynamics, but how, when, and where these two subcellular components are coordinated to control organelle dynamics remains unclear. Here, we show that ER-associated actin consistently marks mitochondrial, endosomal, and lysosomal fission sites. We also show that actin polymerization by the ER-anchored isoform of the formin protein INF2 is a key regulator of the morphology and mobility of these organelles. Together, our findings establish a mechanism by which INF2-mediated polymerization of ER-associated actin at ER-organelle contacts regulates organelle dynamics.
Published: 2024

295. Pharmacoepidemiology evaluation of bumetanide as a potential candidate for drug repurposing for Alzheimers disease.

Author: Morales, Jasmine, Gabriel, Nico, Natarajan, Loki, LaCroix, Andrea, Shadyab, Aladdin, Xu, Ronghui, Silverman, James, Feldman, Howard, and Hernandez, Inmaculada
Subjects: Alzheimers disease, drug repurposing, loop diuretics, pharmacoepidemiology, Bumetanide, Humans, Alzheimer Disease, Female, Male, Drug Repositioning, Aged, Medicare, United States, Pharmacoepidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors, Aged, 80 and over, Proportional Hazards Models
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bumetanide, a loop diuretic, was identified as a candidate drug for repurposing for Alzheimers disease (AD) based on its effects on transcriptomic apolipoprotein E signatures. Cross-sectional analyses of electronic health records suggest that bumetanide is associated with decreased prevalence of AD; however, temporality between bumetanide exposure and AD development has not been established. METHODS: We evaluated Medicare claims data using Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate the association between time-dependent use of bumetanide and time to first AD diagnosis while controlling for patient characteristics. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the findings. RESULTS: We sampled 833,561 Medicare beneficiaries, 60.8% female, with mean (standard deviation) age of 70.4 (12). Bumetanide use was not significantly associated with AD risk (hazard ratio 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.99-1.10). DISCUSSION: Using a nationwide dataset and a retrospective cohort study design, we were not able to identify a time-dependent effect of bumetanide lowering AD risk. HIGHLIGHTS: Bumetanide was identified as a candidate for repurposing for Alzheimers disease (AD). We evaluated the association between bumetanide use and risk of AD. We used Medicare data and accounted for duration of bumetanide use. Bumetanide use was not significantly associated with risk of AD.
Published: 2024

296. Financial strain, neighborhood cohesion, and health-related quality of life among rural and urban Spanish-speaking Latina breast cancer survivors

Author: Santoyo-Olsson, Jasmine, Stewart, Anita L, and Nápoles, Anna María
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Health Disparities, Breast Cancer, Rehabilitation, Cancer, Behavioral and Social Science, Prevention, Rural Health, Women's Health, Humans, Female, Quality of Life, Hispanic or Latino, Breast Neoplasms, Cancer Survivors, Middle Aged, Rural Population, Urban Population, Financial Stress, Adult, Residence Characteristics, Neighborhood Characteristics, Aged, Quality of life, Breast neoplasm, Financial strain, Neighborhood cohesion, Rural, Urban, Public Health and Health Services, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract: PurposeAmong Latina breast cancer survivors, explore associations between rural/urban residence and health-related quality of life (HRQL), and whether associations are moderated by financial strain and low neighborhood cohesion.MethodsWe combined baseline data from two randomized controlled trials of a stress management intervention conducted among 151 urban and 153 rural dwelling Latinas with nonmetastatic breast cancer. Generalized linear models estimated associations between rural/urban status and HRQL (overall, emotional, social-family, physical, and functional well-being), and we examined moderation effects of financial strain and low neighborhood cohesion, controlling for age, marital status, and breast cancer characteristics.ResultsRural women reported better emotional (β = 1.85; 95% CI = 0.37, 3.33), functional (β = 2.23; 95% CI = 0.69, 3.77), and overall (β = 5.68; 95% CI = 1.12, 10.25) well-being than urban women, regardless of degree of financial strain or neighborhood cohesion; moderation effects were not statistically significant. Financial strain was inversely associated with emotional (β = -2.34; 95% CI = 3.63, -1.05), physical (β = -2.56; 95% CI = -4.12, -1.01), functional (β = -1.61; 95% CI = -2.96, -0.26), and overall (β = -6.67; 95% CI = -10.96, -2.98) well-being. Low neighborhood cohesion was inversely associated with emotional (β = -1.27; 95% CI = -2.50, -0.04), social-family (β = -1.72; 95% CI = -3.02, -0.42), functional (β = -1.63; 95% CI = -2.92, -0.34), and overall (β = -5.95; 95% CI = 9.76, -2.14) well-being.ConclusionsRural Latina breast cancer survivors reported better emotional, functional and overall well-being than their urban counterparts. Greater financial strain and less neighborhood cohesion were associated with worse HRQL on most domains regardless of rural/urban context.Implications for cancer survivorsInterventions that focus on increasing perceived neighborhood cohesion and reducing or better managing financial strain, could help improve Latina cancer survivors' well-being.
Published: 2024

297. Donor Perceptions and Preferences of Telemedicine and In-Person Visits for Living Kidney Donor Evaluation.

Author: Kim, Ellie, Sung, Hannah, Kaplow, Katya, Bendersky, Victoria, Sidoti, Carolyn, Muzaale, Abimereki, Akhtar, Jasmine, Levan, Macey, Esayed, Suad, Khan, Amir, Mejia, Christina, and Al Ammary, Fawaz
Subjects: attitudes, delivery of health care, kidney transplantation, living donors, nephrectomy, telehealth
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Living kidney donor evaluation is a lengthy and complex process requiring in-person visits. Access to transplant centers, travel costs, lost wages, and dependent care arrangements are barriers to willing donors initiating evaluation. Telemedicine can help streamline and epedite the evaluation process. We aimed to deeply understand donor experiences and preferences using hybrid telemedicine video/in-person visits to ease access to donor evaluation or counseling. METHODS: We conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with donors or donor candidates who completed their evaluation through telemedicine/in-person, or in-person only visits at a tertiary transplant center between November 27, 2019 and March 1, 2021. Enrollment continued until data saturation was reached (interviews with 20 participants) when no new information emerged from additional interviews. Transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Eight themes were identified as follows: (i) reducing financial and logistical burdens (minimizing travel time and travel-related expenses), (ii) enhancing flexibility with scheduling (less time off work and child or family caregiver arrangements), (iii) importance of a walkthrough and establishing shared understanding, (iv) supporting information with technology and visual aids, (v) key role of the coordinator, (vi) preferred visit by provider role (meeting donor surgeon in-person to create rapport and engaging primary care provider in donor evaluation/follow-up), (vii) comparing modality differences in human connection, and (viii) opportunity for family and support network engagement (allowing loved ones to be involved in telemedicine visits irrespective of geographic locations and pandemic restrictions). CONCLUSION: Telemedicine/in-person hybrid model can make donor evaluation more accessible and convenient. Our findings help inform about determinants that influence the adoption of telemedicine to initiate donor evaluation to motivate willing donors. In addition, our results call for policy and legislation that support telemedicine services for living donor kidney transplantation across states.
Published: 2024

298. Spontaneous Hemothorax from Pulmonary Intralobar Sequestration: A Case Report

Author: Korson, Clayton, Yu, Jasmine, and Pester, Jonathan M.
Subjects: hemothorax, tension, thoracostomy, thoracotomy, fatal, atraumatic, pleural, pulmonary, hemorrhage
Abstract: Introduction: Pulmonary sequestration is a rarely reported phenomenon where aberrant lung tissue exists independently from the rest of the tracheobronchial network. Complications may include hemothorax; however, there is a paucity of descriptions of this condition in the literature.Case Report: We describe a case of a pulmonary intralobar sequestration resulting in atraumatic tension hemothorax. A 73-year-old woman presented to our facility in extremis and with complaints of acute-onset ﬂank pain. Her evaluation was notable for a large pulmonary sequestration with a presumed, moderate-sized effusion; however, initial review did not reveal an obvious underlying cause for her symptoms. Shortly after her arrival to the emergency department (ED) she experienced a cardiac arrest. On secondary review of her computed tomographic angiography, it was determined that what was previously thought to be a pleural effusion was a large hemothorax. Following this ﬁnding, a ﬁnger thoracostomy was performed, which resulted in the immediate evacuation of hemothorax. The thoracostomy was then converted into an ED thoracotomy to assess for active hemorrhage with brief return of spontaneous circulation. Prior to proceeding with emergent operative intervention, the patient’s spouse requested that all further resuscitative efforts cease, and the patient was allowed to expire. In a review of the case, it was determined that the patient suffered from cardiac arrest due to a spontaneous hemothorax secondary to a large intralobar pulmonary sequestration.Conclusion: Pulmonary intralobar sequestration can result in spontaneous hemorrhage with fatal results. Early and correct interpretation of imaging and surgical intervention are crucial in ED management.
Published: 2024

299. Establishing and Maintaining Engagement for a Distributional Equity Analysis

Author: McAdams, Jasmine and Hanus, Nichole L
Abstract: The Distributional Equity Analysis (DEA) is an analytical framework that allows for the evaluation of the distributional equity of utility resource investments in combination with benefit-cost analysis. This guide serves as a resource for organizations to develop an engagement strategy for a DEA that is accessible, inclusive, and grounded in community interests. It is organized by the guiding principles of engagement for a DEA, summarized in the figure on the right, and offers a compendium of resources for further support and learning.
Published: 2024

300. Effectiveness of the Addressing Reproductive Coercion in Health Settings (ARCHES) intervention among abortion clients in Bangladesh: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

Author: Pearson, Erin, Paul, Dipika, Menzel, Jamie, Shakhider, Mohammad Abdul Hannan, Konika, Rabeya Akter, Uysal, Jasmine, and Silverman, Jay G
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Services and Systems, Public Health, Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Contraception/Reproduction, Women's Health, Social Determinants of Health, Health Services, Violence Research, Clinical Research, Violence Against Women, Behavioral and Social Science, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Gender Equality, Reproductive coercion, Intimate partner violence, Abortion, Bangladesh, South Asia, Clinical sciences, Health services and systems, Public health
Abstract: Background: The Addressing Reproductive Coercion in Health Settings (ARCHES) intervention trains existing providers to address reproductive coercion (RC) and intimate partner violence (IPV) within routine family planning counseling. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a single ARCHES counseling session as adapted for use with abortion clients in Bangladesh. Methods: In this cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted between January 2019 and January 2021, health facilities with an abortion clinic with infrastructure for private counseling and onsite violence support services were eligible. Six facilities in Bangladesh met inclusion criteria, and matched pairs randomization with parallel assignment and a 1:1 allocation ratio was used to randomize three facilities to ARCHES and three facilities to control, which implemented standard counseling. Blinding was not possible as providers in intervention facilities participated in a three-day ARCHES training. Participants were abortion clients aged 18–49 years who could provide safe recontact information and be interviewed privately. The primary outcome was past three-month modern contraceptive use without interruption or interference. The trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03539315) on 29 May 2018. Findings: A total of 1492 intervention participants and 1237 control participants were enrolled. Available data were analyzed at each follow-up period: 1331 intervention and 1069 control participants at the three-month follow-up, and 1269 intervention and 1050 control participants at the twelve-month follow-up. ARCHES was associated with higher likelihood of modern contraceptive use at the three-month follow-up (adjusted RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.06–1.10) and the twelve-month follow-up (adjusted RR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02–1.10). ARCHES was also associated with decreased incident pregnancy, decreased IPV, and increased knowledge of IPV support services. Interpretation: The ARCHES intervention is effective in increasing post-abortion modern contraceptive use and decreasing incident pregnancy and IPV among abortion clients in Bangladesh. Implementation of ARCHES should be considered in facilities with sufficient privacy for counseling. Funding: Society of Family Planning (#SFPRF11-07) and Ipas.
Published: 2024

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