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The article presents the leading tendencies of the current stage of the national education system development and analyzes the place for children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) in this process. We analyzed and considered scientific evidence-based methodologies for working with children with ASD and identified the most effective methods for social communication skills formation. We indicated the content and special aspects of the use of the given methodologies in regard to social communication development and improvement and social cooperation among children of preschool and school age with autistic spectrum disorders. 8 effective methods have been identified for the development of social and communication skills: «Peer-Mediated Instruction and Intervention» is used to develop the ability to respond to others in a socially desirable way, interact with others directly in groups, correctly understand others. «Functional analysis of behavior» is aimed at developing self-awareness, timely understanding of social signals, intrinsic motivation. «Social stories» are developed individually for a particular child and may include things that the child values or is interested in. «Social skills training» is used as a tool for forming and developing the ability to understand other people's false beliefs. The «Structured Play Groups» aims to create an environment that promotes peer interaction and helps the student cope with the objectives of the lesson. «Instructions and interventions through technology» is used purposefully to maintain or improve daily life, work, productivity, abilities. «Video modeling» is used as a method of skills development, which involves the use of video and demonstration equipment that creates a visual model of target behavior or skills. «Visual support» is often used as a strategy to increase predictability and as an alternative to verbal and written instructions. The most effective methods for the formation and development of social and communicative skills in children of preschool and school age with autism spectrum disorders have been identified. The selected techniques prove the need for a comprehensive approach that helps to increase the level of development of various abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to evaluate the functional state of cardio, neuro-endocrine and central nervous systems of highly skilled sportsmen of endurance sports under specific load. Materials and methods: 20 highly skilled short-trackers took part in the research. Evaluation of the functional state of cardiorespiratory system was carried out using a load test on the ergospirometry system SCHILLER; hormone levels, blood biochemical parameters were measured by solid phase of the enzyme immunoassay analysis on the photometer of vertical scanning «StatFax 303 Plus» (Germany); energy metabolism in the central nervous system was appreciated by the method of neyroenergocharting. Results: the parameters of the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system of highly skilled short-trackers were comparable to that in the short-trackers with degrees. Specific physical activity caused the increasing of energy processes in the central and frontal areas of the cortex, the increasing of ThG, Т4, ACTG, cortisol, β-endorphin (p ≤ 0,05). Conclusions: sport achievements in cyclic sports connect with the use of the integrated approach in the assessment of the functional state. Functional state of the cardio, neuro-endocrine and central nervous systems can be used as one of the parameters it the medical-biological control, besides the biochemical analysis of blood before and after the load can be conducted.

Introduction. This article considers the problem of the formation of a secondary linguistic personality through work with precedent phenomena of culture, but it does not cover all its aspects. Our purpose is to describe a model of formation of a secondary linguistic personality by dealing with the precedent phenomena of culture during Russian language lessons as a foreign language. Materials and Methods. Pedagogical forecasting and modeling were used to optimize and detail the process of the formation of a secondary linguistic personality through work with precedent cultural phenomena. To determine the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the study, statistical methods of quantitative and qualitative data processing were used (Student’s t-test). The pedagogical experiment involved schoolchildren of two secondary schools of Kryvyi Rih city (Ukraine). The sample consisted of 82 fifth-grade high school students. At the ascertaining stage, the questionnaire was conducted; at the formative stage, training was conducted typically in the control group; in the experimental group, based on the developed model; at the control stage, repeated questioning and interviews were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the model. Results. The use of the model in the learning process forms not only theoretical knowledge of the precedent phenomena of culture but also the practical skill of their use, facilitates intercultural communication, which contributes to the formation of a secondary language personality. The developed model of working with precedent cultural phenomena proved to be an effective auxiliary tool in the formation of the secondary linguistic personality. Precedent cultural phenomena can become the foundation for creating end-to-end curricula, a tool for creating didactic material taking into account innovative technologies, and the basis of training courses. Discussion and Conclusion. The results of this research work may be useful for secondary and higher school teaching staff of Russian as a foreign language.

This article examines the positive and negative approaches to the understanding of discretion in law, formulates an author’s definition, the main features, substantiates the need for a comprehensive study of this legal phenomenon, as well as the problems that arise in law enforcement, law-making and interpretative practice, depending on the nature of legal activity. The main positions of legal scholars regarding the essential characteristics of discretion in law are studied.

Abstract Background Truffles are symbiotic fungi that develop underground in association with plant roots, forming ectomycorrhizae. They are primarily known for the organoleptic qualities of their hypogeous fruiting bodies. Primarily, Tuber magnatum Pico is a greatly appreciated truffle species mainly distributed in Italy and Balkans. Its price and features are mostly depending on its geographical origin. However, the genetic variation within T. magnatum has been only partially investigated as well as its adaptation to several environments. Results Here, we applied an integrated omic strategy to T. magnatum fruiting bodies collected during several seasons from three different areas located in the North, Center and South of Italy, with the aim to distinguish them according to molecular and biochemical traits and to verify the impact of several environments on these properties. With the proteomic approach based on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by mass spectrometry, we were able to identify proteins specifically linked to the sample origin. We further associated the proteomic results to an RNA-seq profiling, which confirmed the possibility to differentiate samples according to their source and provided a basis for the detailed analysis of genes involved in sulfur metabolism. Finally, geographical specificities were associated with the set of volatile compounds produced by the fruiting bodies, as quantitatively and qualitatively determined through proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In particular, a partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model built from the latter data was able to return high confidence predictions of sample source. Conclusions Results provide a characterization of white fruiting bodies by a wide range of different molecules, suggesting the role for specific compounds in the responses and adaptation to distinct environments.

Abstract Background Not only do people differ in their health, so do districts within municipalities. For example, city centres have different characteristics and health issues than villages or post-war neighbourhoods. This is why the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment has developed a toolkit, ‘Prevention in the district’, based on nine different types of district. Methods The aim of the toolkit is to help municipalities implement an integrated approach to prevention by providing tailored, practical information. We therefore looked at the best way to improve the connection between the available knowledge and local needs. Based on data analysis, expert opinion and working sessions with professionals and local policymakers, we developed a toolkit with three related tools. Results The following tools were developed: 1) nine district types with their prominent characteristics and 14 themes for prevention (ranging from loneliness to overweight); 2) a data guide containing a set of indicators to assess the district health profile; 3) a prevention guide containing a mix of evidence-based interventions for the 14 themes. The tools are presented in a toolkit (a clickable PDF) to emphasise the fact that they form a coherent whole. The link between data and interventions is considered to be particularly innovative. Conclusion The three tools support the improvement of the health and well-being of residents in a district. The first indications are that the toolkit empowers municipalities and lets them work towards an integrated approach. An integrated approach in both district health profiles and district plans could also serve as an example for other countries.

The paper is aimed at the presentation of the new conception of nature protection. The new conception is based on the creation and protection of the representative geoecosystems. The strategic aim of defining the representative geo-ecosystem is: to determine a representative geo-ecosystem for each territorial unit on the given hierarchical level - the regional principle, to determine a representative occurrence for each type of the geo-ecosystem – the typological principle. The list of types of representative geo-ecosystems should serve as an ecologically based systematic framework for new protected areas (according to the analysis of unsufficiently protected representative geo-ecosystems) designations, as well as for methodical proposals of biocentres of the territorial system of ecological stability. The new approach to nature conservation is based not only on the protection of life forms but also on the protection of living conditions.

In this study, conservative strategies are applied in order to limit any irreversible damage and to characterize and quantify microbial colonization that may induce the deterioration of constitutive heritage materials; subsequently, suitable antimicrobial interventions are performed based on the use of biotechnology. This paper presents a summary of the basic and applied biotechnology research developed in the Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology for Cultural Heritage (LaBBCH, University of Palermo, Italy). It shows that biotechnology has an evidently important role in the preservation and restoration of cultural assets, also taking into consideration that “Prevention is better than cure”, a milestone in the field of human health that can be shifted and applied to the “cure and preservation” of cultural assets. Moreover, biotechnological tools offer great potential for application, thanks to the increasing interaction between the worlds of art and science, thus opening the way for advanced innovation in the conservation and restoration field of art works.

The authors propose a reflection on how psychic change can also occur in non-clinical contexts, when a critical event involves the intervention of institutions attentive to psychological aspects. An emblematic example is the questioning of parenting skills within juvenile court proceedings. The integrated approach, between normative needs and psychological phenomena, if on the one hand suggests a reorganization of the functions of breeding and care, but also opportunities, on the other hand allows a reformulation of parts of one's personal and parental identity. In particular it describes what happens when the intervention of the Judicial Authority, together with that of the social and social health services, takes on the function of supporting and resolving the crisis rather than the exclusive judgment and control. By reading the guideline currently applicable in force concerning psychological pathways for the strengthening of critical parenting, the salient phases that characterize the judicial procedure as a moment within which new emotional resonances and renewed awareness of processes can emerge of change

This article investigates the forgotten achievements of Władysław Natanson (1864–1937) related to the creation of Bose-Einstein statistics. The introductory part of the article presents considerations regarding the methodology of history and the history of exact sciences, and then the divergent research perspectives that can be taken in the description of the history of Bose-Einstein statistics, as well as the author’s integrated approach to this issue, which eliminates the disadvantages of these divergent views. This integrated approach is then used to describe the achievements of Władysław Natanson related to the creation of Bose-Einstein statistics. These achievements are presented against the background and in the context of discussions which – relatively sporadically – took place among various groups of researchers: historians and philosophers of science, physicists, sociologists of scientific knowledge in the 20th and 21st centuries. These discussions have now been reordered here. They are followed by a presentation of the complete list of Natanson’s publications regarding the subject. Also shown is his strategy to quote reliably the bibliography with regard to the explanation of the distribution of blackbody radiation and related issues. Additionally, a list of scientists who knew Natanson’s publications has been supplemented in the article and the precursorship of Natanson’s achievements is explained. This is followed by a rebuttal of many erroneous or simplified statements about him and his achievements. The already well-known terminological conventions have been recalled: “Bose statistics” and “Bose-Einstein statistics”, as well as recently introduced: “Planck-Bose statistics” (1984), “Natanson’s statistics” (1997)”, “Natanson-Bose-Einstein statistics” (2005), “Planck-Natanson-Bose-Einstein statistics” (2011), and “Natanson statistics” (2013). New terminological conventions have been introduced: “Boltzmann-Planck-Natanson statistics” and “Boltzmann-Planck-Natanson-Bose-Einstein statistics”. A side effect of this research is a discovery that Robert K. Merton – the author of the label ‘Matthew effect’ – chose the name of the effect using erroneous premises and the effect should therefore be named after its actual discoverer. The article is accompanied by four appendixes: the first presents reflections on the methodology of historiography and historiography of exact sciences, the second – a commentary on the use of the terms: “Bose statistics”, “Bose-Einstein statistics”, “Einstein-Bose statistics” and “Planck-Bose statistics”, the third – a very important letter by Max Planck to Władysław Natanson (of 25 January 1913), and the fourth – the excerpts of two letters from Sommerfeld to Rubinowicz (of 1 October 1919 and 1 November 1919).

Abstract Background China’s TB control system has been transforming its service delivery model from CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)-led model to the designated hospital-led model to combat the high disease burden of TB. The implications of the new service model on TB health workforce development remained unclear. This study aims to identify implications of the new service model on TB health workforce development and to analyze whether the new service model has been well equipped with appropriate health workforce. Methods The study applied mixed methods in Zhejiang, Jilin, and Ningxia provinces of China. Institutional survey on designated hospitals and CDC was conducted to measure the number of TB health workers. Individual questionnaire survey was conducted to measure the composition, income, and knowledge of health workers. Key informant interviews and focus group discussions were organized to explore policies in terms of recruitment, training, and motivation. Results Zhejiang, Jilin, and Ningxia provinces had 0.33, 0.95, and 0.47 TB health professionals per 10 000 population respectively. They met the national staffing standard at the provincial level but with great variety at the county level. County-designated hospitals recruited TB health professionals from other departments of the same hospital, existing TB health professionals who used to work in CDC, and from township health centers. County-designated hospitals recruited new TB health professionals from three different sources: other departments of the same hospital, CDC, and township health centers. Most newly recruited professionals had limited competence and put on fixed posts to only provide outpatient services. TB doctors got 67/100 scores from a TB knowledge test, while public health doctors got 77/100. TB professionals had an average monthly income of 4587 RMB (667 USD). Although the designated hospital had special financial incentives to support, they still had lower income than other health professionals due to their limited capacity to generate revenue through service provision. Conclusions The financing mechanism in designated hospitals and the job design need to be improved to provide sufficient incentive to attract qualified health professionals and motivate them to provide high-quality TB services.

The most worrisome fraction within plastic pollution is that of microplastics (MP). A category of MP almost completely ignored is that of glitter. The objective of this study is to test the toxicity of nine types of glitter leachate (3 soak times: 3, 90 and 180 days) on model organisms in freshwater (Allivibrio fischeri, Raphidocelis subcapitata, Daphnia magna) and saltwater (Allivibrio fischeri, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Paracentrotus lividus). An integrated approach was applied to obtain the percentage of ecotoxicological risk. The results show that (i) photosynthesizing primary producers are the most sensitive trophic level; (ii) algae transitioned from growth inhibition to biostimulation; (iii) D. magna showed higher sensitivity after 48 h compared to 24 h; (iv) A. fischeri responded more strongly in saltwater than in freshwater. The integrated data show a greater risk associated with the marine environment, with the highest risk for glitters that are hexagonal and composed of poly-methyl-methacrylate. Our multivariate analysis shows that the toxicity of plastic leaching is a complex phenomenon that depends on the sensitivity of the species, in some cases on the soaking time and on the medium, and is not clearly linked to the polymer type, the contact area or the colors of the particles.

Background: The HIV pandemic impacts the lives of millions and despite the global coordinated response, innovative actions are still needed to end it. A major challenge is the added burden of coinfections such as viral hepatitis, tuberculosis and various sexually transmitted infections in terms of prevention, treatment and increased morbidity in individuals with HIV infection. A need for combination prevention strategies, tailored to high-risk key populations arises and technology-based interventions can be a valuable asset. The COVID-19 pandemic challenged the delivery of existing services and added stress to existing public health and clinical structures but also highlighted the potential of exploiting technical solutions for interventions regarding infectious diseases. In this paper we report the design process, results and evaluation findings from the pilots of 'RiskRadar'-a web and mobile application aiming to support combination prevention, testing and linkage to care for HIV, viral hepatitis, various sexually transmitted infections and tuberculosis.Methods: RiskRadar was developed for the INTEGRATE Joint Action's aim to improve, adapt and pilot innovative digital tools for combination prevention. RiskRadar was designed iteratively using informed end-user-oriented approaches. Emphasis was placed on the Risk Calculator that enables users to assess their risk of exposure to one or more of the four disease areas, make informed decisions to seek testing or care and adjust their behaviours ultimately aiming to harm/risk reduction. RiskRadar has been piloted in three countries, namely Croatia, Italy and Lithuania.Results: RiskRadar has been used 1347 times across all platforms so far. More than 90% of users have found RiskRadar useful and would use it again, especially the Risk Calculator component. Almost 49.25% are men and 29.85% are in the age group of 25-34. The application has scored 5.2/7 in the User Experience Questionnaire, where it is mainly described as "supportive" and "easy-to-use". The qualitative evaluation of RiskRadar also yielded positive feedback.Conclusions: Pilot results demonstrate above average satisfaction with RiskRadar and high user-reported usability scores, supporting the idea that technical interventions could significantly support combination prevention actions on Sexually Transmitted Infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authenticity is the opposite of hypocrisy or deceitful living in philosophy. While various positive factors that humans experience in life based on authenticity have been studied abroad, most of the studies in Korea that tried to measure authenticity did not take into account the characteristics of Korean culture or were developed only for the purpose of use in a limited domain or specific purpose. In this study, based on the specificity of Korean culture, we developed a measure of authenticity that researchers can use universally. To this end, the items constituting the existing authenticity scale and the items reflecting the cultural value of Korean society, which value social relationships, are integrated. The results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that authenticity consists of three factors: self-awareness, behavioral authenticity, and relationship authenticity. In addition, criterion validity was verified based on correlations with life satisfaction, mindfulness, self-esteem, HEXACO, social desirability, self-regulation focus, and emotional diversity. These results suggest that the authenticity scale of this study is a reliable and valid measure, and is expected to be an important tool for empirical individual differences research on authenticity in everyday life in Korean population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses a holistic approach within a catchment scale, through the application of both climatic and non-climatic parameters, to analyze the impacts of river floods on the human security needs of rural riverine communities in the Waimanu Catchment situated in Nausori, Fiji. Consideration of both climatic and non-climatic factors is required since non-climatic factors could be controlled to build resilience against floods. The indicator-based flood vulnerability index methodology is applicable worldwide, but the indicators used in this study were specifically related to the Pacific Island context. In the context of fluvial flood vulnerability, effects of land management and climate change are not mutually exclusive of each other. Consequently, vulnerability assessments should consider the connection between people’s actions and ecosystems for the entire catchment area since upstream land use practices influence flood vulnerabilities downstream. In our research, a community-based flood vulnerability index system in conjunction with rainfall variability and land use assessments was used to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the flood vulnerability, and it was found that increased rainfall, poor agricultural practices, gravel extraction, and improper waste management predominantly increased the exposure and sensitivity of midstream and downstream communities to river floods by modifying river morphology. Midstream communities in the Waimanu Catchment were most vulnerable to river floods due to their very low adaptive capacity in terms of poor ecosystem health and lack of natural resources to cope with the subsequent impacts of floods, being most sensitive to changes in land use and land cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to measure progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, 169 targets have been approved globally. Even though interest in implementing these goals is high, many states have not yet established a set of subnational indicators to measure the implementation of the SDGs and have not completed their own assessment of progress in achieving these global goals. This study aims to measure the progress toward achieving the SDG at local and regional level in Romania by calculating the SDG Index. For the calculation of the SDG Index at subnational level, we propose an integrated approach based on 90 indicators, stored and processed in a PostgreSQL object‐relational database. The results show the concentration of the highest performances of sustainable development in some specific geographical areas. The rural areas and the extended peripheral regions in the eastern and southern part of the country are the poorest performers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is ample evidence that factor momentum exists in the standard long–short mixed approach to factor investing. However, the excess returns are put under scrutiny due to the high implementation costs. We present a novel real‐life approach that relies on the long‐only integrated approach to factor investing. Instead of exploiting the potential momentum in factor portfolios, our strategy builds on the momentum of the optimal factor score weights in the integrated approach, which allows us to additionally profit from the serial dependence in the factors' interaction effects. One limitation of short‐term timing strategies is their high turnover. By including the information of the covariance matrix and minimising the strategy's risk to the market portfolio, we can substantially reduce turnover. The resulting timing alpha remains significant even after transaction costs in a robust statistical test framework across the major stock markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: A randomised controlled trial (RCT) on integrated malaria prevention, which advocates the use of several malaria prevention methods holistically, has been proposed. However, before conducting an RCT, it is recommended that a feasibility study is carried out to provide information to support the main study, particularly for such a complex intervention. Therefore, a feasibility study for an RCT on integrated malaria prevention in Uganda was conducted. Methods: The qualitative study carried out in Wakiso District employed focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) to explore community willingness to participate in the RCT as well as assess stakeholder perspectives on the future study. The participants of the FGDs were community members, while the key informants were selected from malaria stakeholders including Ministry of Health officials, health practitioners, local leaders, district health team members, and community health workers (CHWs). Thematic analysis was employed with the support of NVivo. Results: A total of 12 FGDs and 19 KIIs were conducted. Five main themes emerged from the study: malaria prevention practices related to integrated malaria prevention; preferred malaria prevention methods in the integrated approach; potential challenges of integrated malaria prevention; perspectives on the proposed RCT; and sustainability of integrated malaria prevention. Despite a few methods being employed holistically in the community, insecticide-treated nets were the most widely used and preferred method for malaria prevention mainly because they were provided free by the government. The main challenges in the integrated approach were the high cost of some methods such as house screening, and concerns about the potential side effects of insecticide-based methods such as indoor residual spraying. Participants expressed high willingness to participate in the RCT to promote the use of multiple methods in their households and community. Involvement of CHWs during implementation was proposed as a sustainability strategy for the RCT interventions. Conclusion: There was high willingness to participate in the proposed RCT on integrated malaria prevention. However, high cost and perceived negative health effects from some methods were identified as potential challenges. The type of methods to be included as well as sustainability mechanisms needs to be considered during the design of the RCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of the sea pen genus Scytalium Herklots, 1858, is proposed based on the morphological and molecular study of a colony collected during the Océano Profundo 2018 cruise to the Caribbean Sea (NW Atlantic). The new species, Scytalium herklotsi sp. nov., is characterized by its well-developed and overlapping polyp leaves (up to 68 mm in length and 27 mm in width), the presence of eight spiculated large digitiform processes at the distal part of the basal portion of autozooids, the axis rounded in cross section, the numerous siphonozooids in a continuous band of 3–6 rows along the latero-dorsal area of the rachis, and up to 3 rows between contiguous polyp leaves, among other features. An additional unrecorded type of sclerites is reported from the pharynx of autozooids, probably also present in other species of the genus. Scytalium herklotsi sp. nov. is the first species of the genus recorded so far from the Atlantic Ocean, all other described species being Indo-West Pacific. The new species is also the deepest record of a Scytalium species (ca 500 m in depth); the previous published records range from 10 to 206 m in depth. A molecular comparison based on a set of concatenated sequences of four markers (three mitochondrial genes (mtMutS, ND2, and Cox1) and a nuclear segment (28S)) relates the new species to other published sequences attributed to Scytalium species, within the named Clade II of previous general phylogenetic studies on the octocoral Order Pennatulacea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authenticity is the opposite of hypocrisy or deceitful living in philosophy. While various positive factors that humans experience in life based on authenticity have been studied abroad, most of the studies in Korea that tried to measure authenticity did not take into account the characteristics of Korean culture or were developed only for the purpose of use in a limited domain or specific purpose. In this study, based on the specificity of Korean culture, we developed a measure of authenticity that researchers can use universally. To this end, the items constituting the existing authenticity scale and the items reflecting the cultural value of Korean society, which value social relationships, are integrated. The results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that authenticity consists of three factors: self-awareness, behavioral authenticity, and relationship authenticity. In addition, criterion validity was verified based on correlations with life satisfaction, mindfulness, self-esteem, HEXACO, social desirability, self-regulation focus, and emotional diversity. These results suggest that the authenticity scale of this study is a reliable and valid measure, and is expected to be an important tool for empirical individual differences research on authenticity in everyday life in Korean population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article, based on a theoretical study, scientifically substantiates the need for the formation of legal competence of future management managers of educational establishments in the conditions of a magistracy. The semantic essence and significance of the integrated approach as a powerful means of forming the studied formation are revealed. The authors argue that the organization of classes on the basis of an integrative approach is pedagogically appropriate, because they accelerate the process of adaptation of students, future managers of educational institutions to practical situations, develop skills in using theoretical knowledge of various disciplines in conjunction with acquired practical legal skills., contribute to the structuring of the integrity of knowledge on the research problem. Therefore, they really reflect the integration processes in the formation of legal competence of future managers in the management of educational institutions in the master's degree. Further research of the problem is seen in clarifying the purpose, content and means of formation of legal competence in future managers of the management of educational institutions in the master's degree through the integration of only professional disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the important table fruit amongst the tropical and subtropical fruits of the world, because of its taste, nutritional importance and medicinal value. Papaya is affected by several major diseases viz., foot rot, anthracnose, powdery mildew, black spot, papaya ring spot, mosaic and leaf curl disease. Among these, black spot disease caused by Asperisporium caricae Mable is an emerging disease and it is one of the severe limiting factor for papaya production and the disease is distributed to all the papaya growing countries of the world. The disease also causes severe post-harvest loss, leads to impairing export and Import. Papaya fruits are being used as one of the everyday diet in a new generation era. Morphologically Asperisporium caricae produces sporodochia on which densely fasciculate conidiophore and two celled conidia were produced on the spot. Black spot occurs with greatest intensity under conditions of temperatures between 23 to 27 ºC and high rainfall or overhead irrigation. Optimum soil depth, good soil health and ideal soil moisture are the key factors to preserve the resistance character of papaya varieties for longer period. Soil test based fertilizer and micronutrient application, seedling dip treatment and foliar spray of Trichoderma viride (5g/l), Fungicides viz., Prior spray of Mancozeb (0.2 %), followed by Difenoconazole (0.1 %) followed by Chlorothalonil (0.2 %) or Propiconazole (0.1 %) and Hexaconazole (0.1 %) at fifteen day intervals during kharif months are very effective in managing papaya black spot disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper highlights the potential drawback of mapping a single geophysical property for subsurface characterization in potential engineering sites. As an exemplary case study, we present the geophysical survey conducted along the surface projection of a tunnel in the quaternary volcanic terrain of the Main Ethiopia Rift. Initially, geoelectrical mapping involving 12 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and a short Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) line, was carried out. The 1D geoelectric model indicates that the formation resistivity at tunnel zone varies from 50 to 500 Ω∙m. The corresponding value on 2D model, (>350 Ω∙m), is also compatible. Based on limited available geological information, the geoelectric horizon was attributed to weathered and variably saturated ignimbrite. Following unexpected encounter during excavation, refraction seismic and core drilling were carried out for additional insights. Tomographic analysis of the seismic arrival times revealed that below a depth of 45 m, (tunnel zone), the velocity substratum is marked by a range, (1200–1800 m/s). Such low velocity range is typical of unconsolidated materials and, thus, cannot rationalize the geoelectrical attribution (ignimbrite). In a joint interpretation, the likely formation that may justify the observed range of the electrical resistivity and low P-wave velocity appears to be unwelded pyroclastic deposit (volcanic ash). Eventually, core samples from the tunnel zone confirmed the presence of thick ash flow. However, the unexpected ground conditions encountered at the early phase, due to insufficient information derived from a single geophysical parameter, caused extra cost and considerable delay.

Given active tectonism, rough terrain, and climate, the mountainous ranges in northern Pakistan are prone to geohazards, including earthquakes, unstable slopes, and landslides. The frequent landsliding in the region poses a risk to communities, economic activities, and transportation networks. In this context, the unstable slope above Mayun village calls for a multi-method approach for better assessment of the slope for planning interventions aimed at hazard mitigation. We conducted an integrated study including uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in coordination with geomorphic field observations to image the possible slip surfaces for a comprehensive understanding of a potential future rockslide with significant socioeconomic consequences. UAV-derived results helped delineate the overall extent of the unstable slope and its downslope area in a quick, remote, and safe way. GPR profiles have enabled the reconstruction of the bedrock’s morphology and its internal structure and the depth distribution of cracks running through the overburden and bedrock. The results provided insight into the stable and unstable compartments of the slope due to the thin cover of surficial deposits, high impedance contrast at the overburden-bedrock interface, lateral heterogeneities, and presence of open cracks, and almost detached blocks, respectively. These data on the dynamic properties of a landslide-prone slope could be used for the correct planning of civil infrastructure to minimize the potential risk of building damage in the seismically active Hunza valley.

The purpose of the research is to analyze the scientific works on the o study approaches to conducting financial analysis of industrial equity of enterprises in the theoretical and practical aspect, justification of the need to formulate a comprehensive approach for such aanalysis of the equity of the enterprise in the management system. The analysis of the works of scientists showed that when conducting a financial analysis of an enterprise's equity, it is mainly conducted in the context of the analysis of the financial condition of the enterprise, both in the overall assessment and in absolute and relative terms, which is not complete in the current conditions of managing the enterprise resources and sources of their formation. The scientific result of the research is the formation of a comprehensive approach to the financial analysis of the equity of an industrial enterprise, which is relevant in the current market conditions of operation of enterprises and covers the analysis of its dynamics, structure, turnover, profitability, risk and its protection. The practical importance of this work is directed to the use of this method of equity analysis as a tool of financial analysis in the modern conditions of management of industrial enterprises to ensure the efficiency of their activities and management.

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is one of the major health emergencies in decades that affected almost every country in the world. As of June 30, 2020, it has caused an outbreak with more than 10 million confirmed infections, and more than 500,000 reported deaths globally. Due to the unavailability of an effective treatment (or vaccine) and insufficient evidence regarding the transmission mechanism of the epidemic, the world population is currently in a vulnerable position. The daily cases data sets of COVID-19 for profoundly affected countries represent a stochastic process comprised of deterministic and stochastic components. This study proposes an integrated deterministic–stochastic approach to forecast the long-term trajectories of the COVID-19 cases for Italy and Spain. The deterministic component of the daily-cases univariate time series is assessed by an extended version of the SIR [Susceptible–Infected–Recovered–Protected–Isolated (SIRCX)] model, whereas its stochastic component is modeled using an autoregressive (AR) time series model. The proposed integrated SIRCX-AR (ISA) approach based on two operationally distinct modeling paradigms utilizes the superiority of both the deterministic SIRCX and stochastic AR models to find the long-term trajectories of the epidemic curves. Experimental analysis based on the proposed ISA model shows significant improvement in the long-term forecasting of COVID-19 cases for Italy and Spain in comparison to the ODE-based SIRCX model. The estimated Basic reproduction numbers for Italy and Spain based on SIRCX model are found to be 4. 7 8 and 3. 2 5 , respectively. ISA model-based results reveal that the number of cases in Italy and Spain between 11 May, 2020–9 June, 2020 will be 10,982 (6383–15,582) and 13,731 (3395–29,013), respectively. Additionally, the expected number of daily cases on 9 July, 2020 for Italy and Spain is estimated to be 30 (0–183) and 92 (0–602), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decolorization and mineralization of Reactive Blue 222 dye was studied using UV/H2O2/ferrioxalate approach in combination with Pleorotus ostreatus. The dye was decolorized by UV/H2O2/ferrioxalate based advanced oxidation process (AOP) at different levels of process variables dye concentration, catalyst dose, pH, reaction time and resultantly, 80% decolorization was achieved. Pleorotus ostreatus treatment enhanced the dye degradation up to 92% at optimum levels of pH, temperature, inoculum size, carbon and nitrogen sources at specific concentration. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed for optimization under face-centered central composite design (CCD). Although both treatments were found efficient for the removal of dye, but on applying the integrated approach, 96% dye removal was obtained which led to complete degradation of the dye. FTIR analysis confirmed the degradation of dye into low mass compounds. The water quality assurance parameters were measured to assess the mineralization efficiency. A significant reduction in COD (94%) and TOC (92%) were found when dye was degraded integrated approach. A phytotoxicity analysis on Pisum sativum plant revealed the non-toxic behavior of metabolites produced. Results revealed that the integrated approach is highly promising for the decolorization and mineralization of the Reactive Blue 222 dye and is also extendable to treat the dye in textile wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Urban conservation has become increasingly important for cities. Especially in cities under rapid development urban heritage conservation has now been frequently used as an urban tool to revive the decayed urban areas under various contexts. Under these transitional social and economic contexts, recent decades have witnessed the evolving values of heritage, the shifting paradigms of urban conservation doctrines, and the emerging appeals for sustainable development. This paper reveals the ever-increasing relevance of urban conservation to urban development and examines the evolution of the doctrine of heritage conservation with a perspective of changing development contexts worldwide; and with contextualizing heritage conservation in Chinese cities, this paper addresses the research potentials of sustainable development, especially in the dimension of social sustainability as new avenue for an integrated urban conservation approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]