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Copyright of Industrial Minerals & Processing / Huagong Kuangwu yu Jiagong is the property of Industrial Minerals & Processing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Textile industry uses large quantities of different dyes to fulfill the rapidly growing demand for the dyed textile products, resulting in more dye consumption, greater dye discharge as textile dyeing effluent, and higher cost. To decrease the dyes consumption, this research evaluates the performance of novel ozone-based dyeing processes for cotton fabric. So far, reported ozone-based processes for textile involve the usage of high ozone intensity for removing impurities, discoloration of solution, color fading in denim and other fabrics. This research is a first effort, which concentrates on the performance enhancement of the exhaust dyeing process for cotton fabrics through the application of controlled and lower amount of ozone. In this research, ozone dosage is controlled through ozone generator knob to only 0.5 g/h (10%), 1 g/h (20%), 1.5 g/h (30%), 2 g/h (40%), and 2.5 g/h (50%). In contrast, ozone dosage reaches up to 60 g/h in cotton bleaching. This research evaluates the four ozone-based dyeing processes for cotton fabrics using two primary reactive dyes and two primary direct dyes under different concentrations of ozone. Effect of ozonation was evaluated for both direct and reactive dyes at four stages, namely during dyeing, dry ozonation before dyeing, pre-wet ozonation before dyeing, and ozonation after dyeing. Results showed that K/S value of the optimized ozone-based processes was better than the conventional exhaust process. For instance, K/S value for benchmarked conventional dyed sample was 2.147 for reactive yellow, and it was 3.271 (33.5% higher) for the "ozonation after dyeing" process. Similar trends were observed for many other trials, resulting in higher K/S value. In addition, the fastness properties of the optimized processes were comparable with the conventional exhaust process. FTIR and SEM analysis were also performed on selective ozone dyed fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropogenic activities and increasing human population has led to one of the major global problems of heavy metal contamination in ecosystems and to the generation of a huge amount of waste material biomass. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is the major contaminant introduced by various industrial effluents and activities into the ecosystem. Cr(VI) is a known mutagen and carcinogen with numerous detrimental effects on the health of humans, plants, and animals, jeopardizing the balance of ecosystems. Therefore, the remediation of such a hazardous toxic metal pollutant from the environment is necessary. Various physical and chemical methods are available for the sequestration of toxic metals. However, adsorption is recognized as a more efficient technology for Cr(VI) remediation. Adsorption by utilizing waste material biomass as adsorbents is a sustainable approach in remediating hazardous pollutants, thus serving the dual purpose of remediating Cr(VI) and exploiting waste material biomass in an eco- friendly manner. Agricultural biomass, industrial residues, forest residues, and food waste are the primary waste material biomass that could be employed, with different strategies, for the efficient sequestration of toxic Cr(VI). This review focuses on the use of diverse waste biomass, such as industrial and agricultural by-products, for the effective remediation of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The review also focuses on the operational conditions that improve Cr(VI) remediation, describes the efficacy of various biomass materials and modifications, and assesses the general sustainability of these approaches to reducing Cr(VI) pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal which is harmful to humans and the environment. Cd levels and adverse effects may be associated with genetic polymorphisms in genes involved in its toxicokinetics. This study investigated Cd levels in 198 residents of a condominium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, built on industrial steel slag waste and the influence of glutathione S-transferase pi isoform 1 (GSTP1) rs1695 A>G polymorphism. Polymorphism was genotyped using a validated TaqMan assay; Cd levels were measured in blood (BCd) and urine (UCd) by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Associations were evaluated by multiple logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The mean Cd levels were 0.70 ± 0.20 µg L−1 (BCd), 0.58 ± 0.57 µg L−1 (UCd), and 0.61 ± 0.65 µg g−1 in urine corrected by creatinine (UcCd), and the Cd results were above tolerable levels (BCd > 0.5 µg L−1) in 87.4% of subjects. Higher blood Cd levels (>0.69 µg L−1) were associated with respiratory disease (OR = 2.4; 95%CI = 1.2–5.0), as almost 30% of people with respiratory diseases had higher Cd levels. The GSTP1 rs1695AA genotype frequency was 38.1%, and there were no significant differences between the SNP and Cd levels. High Cd levels and a high prevalence of diseases highlight the importance of implementing public policies and the continuous monitoring of this at-risk population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several mining-related pollutions, industrial waste, and soil deterioration define South Africa's environmental landscape. These have led to the consumption of unhealthy food, contaminated agricultural products, and polluted water. The polluted environment has been linked to numerous diseases among the populace, thus making environmental remediation an important issue in South Africa. Phytoremediation has been identified as a biological method for the restoration of polluted environments naturally and holistically. Therefore, it is vital to evaluate the level of phytoremediation-related research in South Africa in pursuit of a way out of environmental pollution. Thus, the purpose of this study was to map phytoremediation-related research in South Africa from inception to 2022. Statistical records from the Web of Science Core Collection were analyzed with the bibliometric package in RStudio, while mapping was performed via VOSviewer. Our study showed a low annual growth rate of publication (4.49%). The analysis uncovered that the 39 documents analyzed were written by 112 authors, and the first document was featured in the Journal of Geochemical Exploration in 1997. Kirkham, MB and Liphadzi, MS are the most relevant authors. USA has the strongest collaboration with South Africa, while the International Journal of Phytoremediation, the South African Journal of Botany, and Water SA are the most relevant journals. The result of this study can guide upcoming researchers and policymakers, together with essential facts for enhancing the restoration of the polluted environment in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrodes of industrial electrostatic precipitators degrade as a result of two phenomena: corrosion and erosion. The first is chemical degradation by highly reactive compounds formed during combustion, in particular, during the incineration of municipal or industrial wastes or high-sulfur coal. The degradation intensity of electrostatic precipitator electrodes depends on the chemical composition of the exhaust gasses. High concentrations of chlorides, fluorides, or sulfur in the exhaust gasses cause strong corrosion of the electrostatic precipitator elements. The second mechanism is the erosion caused by solid particles conveyed by the exhaust gas stream due to their collision with the electrodes. In this study, the analysis of the degradation of electrodes of an electrostatic precipitator downstream of an industrial waste incinerator was carried out. The industrial wastes of unknown sources were subjected to thermal degradation in a rotary kiln. The aim of this study was to provide fundamental knowledge about the mechanisms of electrode degradation located on the surface of discharge electrodes of electrostatic precipitators during the combustion of industrial wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to elucidate the potential of Pseudomonas species to degrade furfuryl alcohol (FA), a widely used furanic compound. FA-based resins and biopolymers have applications in various sectors, leading to the gradual discharge of FA into the environment through industrial wastewater. The objective was to find an eco-friendly solution for removing FA residues from industrial effluents, thereby eliminating the hazardous effects of FA. Pseudomonas species have emerged as potential bacterial genera for biodegradation of aromatic compounds; therefore, this study examined the effectiveness of Pseudomonas putida MTCC 1194 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 1034 for FA degradation. Significant shifts in the fingerprint regions were observed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, providing evidence of successful FA degradation. A more than 50% reduction in FA content was observed by both strains, even at high concentrations (500 mgl− 1), as determined by spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) identified the metabolite as 2-furoic acid (113 m/z). Both bacterial cultures followed substrate inhibition kinetics, and the specific growth rate best fit the Aiba and Haldane models for P. putida and the Haldane and Edwards models for P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, immobilized bacterial cells maintained approximately 50% FA degradation (300 mgl− 1) over five degradation cycles, highlighting their stability and reusability. The phytotoxicity bioassay demonstrated the non-hazardous nature of the metabolites formed after FA biodegradation. These findings underscore the potential of these strains for effective FA bioremediation, paving the way for their use in industrial effluent treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metal contamination in Yantrailer, Tina, and Maternity dumpsites soils within Jos was investigated. Twelve samples were collected at two different sampling points at depths of 40 cm and 80cm in each sampling point. The samples were air-dried and subjected to X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis to determine their elemental composition. XRF analysis detected the presence of Molybdenum (Mo), Zirconium (Zr), Strontium (Sr), Rubidium (Rb), Uranium (U), Thorium (Th), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Zinc (Zn), Tungsten (W) and Copper (Cu). The higher value of Zr (394.396-499.054 mg/kg) at 80 cm depth than the Zr value (406.581-444.142 mg/kg) at 40 cm from Yantrailer suggests a geogenic contamination source. Higher values of Zr (915.985-935.203mg/kg) at 80 cm depth than its value (663.403-746.535 mg/kg) at 40 cm depth from Tina dumpsite indicates a geogenic contamination source. The higher value of Zr (594.659-654.508 mg/kg) at 40 cm depth than its value (521.707-565.414 mg/kg) at 80 cm depth from the maternity dumpsite indicates an anthropogenic contamination source. Higher values of Mo, Zr, U, and Th at 80 cm depth than at 40 cm depth from Yantrailer and Tina dumpsites indicate geogenic sources while higher values of Zr, Th, Sr, and Zn at 40 cm depth than at 80 cm depth from maternity dumpsites suggest anthropogenic contamination sources. The higher concentrations of Sr and Zn at 40 cm depth than at 80 cm depth from Yantrailer and Tina dumpsites indicate anthropogenic contamination sources. The soils underlying the dumpsites in the study area have been contaminated with heavy metals from anthropogenic and/or geogenic sources. The anthropogenic sources could be associated with the decomposition of domestic and industrial wastes which have eventually been leached into the underlying soils while geogenic sources of contamination could be associated with weathering and dispersion of heavy metals from underlying mineralization and parent rocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India's rivers are essential for providing fresh water for human sustenance, but their water quality has deteriorated due to pollution from industrial waste, domestic sewage, agricultural runoff, and more. Parameters such as physical, chemical, biological, and intended use criteria are used to assess water quality. Water quality monitoring is crucial for preserving freshwater resources and human health, and integrating IoT and AI has revolutionized environmental monitoring. However, India faces challenges in accessing remote locations for monitoring and a lack of manpower. To address these challenges, real-time monitoring systems and remote sensing technologies should be implemented, and wastewater treatment facilities should be upgraded. Public awareness campaigns on responsible consumption and waste disposal practices are also needed. Strengthening and enforcing regulatory measures to limit pollutant discharge and addressing deforestation and improper land use practices are essential. A comprehensive law on environmental protection is necessary for meaningful enforcement and responsibility within society. By addressing these challenges and adopting innovative solutions, India can safeguard its water resources and ensure a sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Guangxi Normal University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Damage to buildings and infrastructure caused by freeze–thaw cycles is a common problem in cold regions. To counteract this, multi-stage phase change material (PCM) aggregate concrete has gained attention for its potential in structural protection. PCM concrete is a type of intelligent concrete that regulates and controls the temperature by incorporating PCM. PCM aggregate can efficiently absorb and release significant amounts of heat within a defined temperature range. This study explored the feasibility of using agricultural waste rice husk ash (RHA) and industrial waste fly ash (FA) to produce PCM concrete. The combined use of RHA and FA with multi-stage PCM aggregate concrete allowed the two materials, pozzolanic materials and PCM, which have different approaches to improving the freeze resistance of concrete, to be effectively utilized together and synergistically enhance the durability and energy efficiency of buildings in cold regions. An experimental program was conducted to prepare PCM concrete by replacing cement with 5%, 10% and 15% RHA and 10%, 20% and 30% FA in different mixtures. The results show that when the replacement amounts of RHA and FA are both 10%, the compressive strength of the concrete can be effectively improved, while the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity are reduced. The incorporation of RHA and FA improved the thermal regulation of PCM concrete. Strength loss, relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDEM) loss and mass loss were all minimal with RHA at 15% and FA at 10% replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofibre-based membranes have shown great potential for removing textile wastewater due to their high porosity and surface area. However, nanofibre membranes exhibit lower dye removal efficiency. Hence, this study aims to improve the dye removal performance of nanofibre membranes by incorporating zeolites. The research involved fabricating composite membranes by electrospinning polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibres incorporated with zeolites. Mechanical strength was enhanced by placing the PVA/zeolite nanofibre membrane between fusible nonwoven interfacing and woven polyester fabric, followed by heat treatment. Morphological analysis revealed the uniform dispersion of zeolite particles within the PVA nanofibres. EDX analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of zeolites into the fibres. Among all membrane samples, the PZ-0.75 membrane exhibited the highest pure water flux (PWF) with approximately 1358.57 L·m−2·min−1 for distilled water and 499.85 L·m−2·min−1 for batik wastewater. Turbidity of batik wastewater increased proportionally with zeolite concentration, with removal rates of 84.79%, 78.8%, 76.96%, and 74.19% for PZ-0.75, PZ-0.5, PZ-0.25, and PVA membranes, respectively. Furthermore, the UV/Vis spectrophotometer demonstrated that dye removal efficiency increased from 2.22% to 8.89% as the zeolite concentration increased from 0% to 0.75%. In addition, the PZ-0.75 membrane effectively removed RR dye at a concentration of 1 mg/L, with an optimal contact time of approximately 60 min. The adsorption mechanism of the PZ-0.75 membrane aligns with the Freundlich model, with an R2 value of 0.983. Overall, this study demonstrates the efficiency of zeolite in the fabric substrates to improve the filtration and adsorption properties for wastewater treatment, particularly in textile industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction industry intends to promote effective utilization of waste materials obtained from various sources to develop an eco‐friendly building material for high performance, life cycle sustainability, and reduction of carbon footprints globally. The current study focusses to produce concrete mix by using industrial wastes such as ground granulated blast furnace slag (BOF) and glass powder (GP). Samples are prepared by utilizing industrial wastes partially for M35 grade concrete. The ground granulated BOF and GP are used with 10%–40% and 0.1%–0.4%, respectively, as the partial replacement of cement. Under different curing periods, the specimens were characterized for their physical and mechanical properties. Test results were analyzed to check the workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption of the sample mixes prepared. The highest compressive and flexural strength of the samples are found to be 46.23 MPa and 5.13 MPa, at the optimal replacement of BOF and GP in the proportion of 30% and 0.2%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study evaluated the water quality index (WQI) and heavy metal pollution index (HPI) of different industrial effluent and surface water from various sites of the Karnaphuli River, based on the weighted arithmetic index method. The samples were collected from 20 different industries, including textile dyeing, textile washing, oil processing, chemicals, and tannery, and 17 stations of the Karnaphuli River, from the Kalurghat Bridge to the estuary where the river meets with the Bay of Bengal. This study was carried out in the dry season of the 2021–2022 fiscal year. Six physicochemical parameters, namely pH, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, and hardness, were taken for the determination of the WQI, and concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Fe, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, and Ni) were considered for the calculation of the HPI. Both indexes were calculated against the Bangladesh Standard (denoted by subscript a) and WHO standards (denoted by subscript b). The water quality indexes WQIa and WQIb for industrial effluent ranged from 11.66 to 176.77 and 44.45 to 9703.99, respectively. Samples namely TD‐5, TD‐7, TD‐8, TD‐9, TD‐10, OS‐1, and C‐1 showed excessively high WQI value. On the other hand, the HPIa and HPIb of industrial effluent varied from 43.6 to 167,785.3 and 0.34 to 18,412.3, respectively. Furthermore, oil processing and chemical effluents showed noticeably higher HPI values than other industrial samples. Both WQI and HPI values indicated a serious pollution load in most experimental samples. No river water sample showed a WQI value below 100, denoting it was unfit for consumption. The water quality indexes WQIa and WQIb for river water samples ranged from 1275.40 to 29,405.77 and 131.20 to 5860.99, respectively. According to the Bangladesh Standard, the river water samples were moderately to highly polluted by metal. The highest HPI value for the river water sample was 7965, denoting extreme metal pollution. The investigation revealed that most industrial effluents and Karnaphuli River water samples contained significant pollution load. Therefore, effective measures must be adopted immediately for future sustainability to cope with this contamination. The results emphasize the immediate requirement for strict regulations and advanced water treatment technologies to reduce contamination risks in the Karnaphuli River. Prompt action by authorities is essential to safeguard the river, prevent ongoing ecological damage, and address metal accumulation in fish affecting the food chain. Public awareness and legislative measures are vital for ecosystem preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most Brazilian municipalities, urban solid waste (USW) is disposed of in open dumps, with numerous sites now being closed, monitored, and rehabilitated. One location, the "old dump" area in the Portão municipality (southern Brazil), previously served as an irregular repository for USW and industrial solid waste (ISW). Its use continued until 1993 when it was closed for a natural remediation process. For this reason, this study aimed to assess groundwater quality in the Portão "old dump," employing physicochemical, microbiological, and toxicity quality indicators. The study's scope was extended to encompass the Portão Stream as well. Notably, the second collection campaign revealed elevated dissolved aluminum (Al3+), iron (Fe2+), and nitrate levels in all groundwater samples (from PZi wells, i = 1–6), with the PZ3 monitoring well experiencing the most pronounced impact. Further quality indicators, such as total phosphorus, thermotolerant coliforms, BOD5, as well as Al3+ and copper (Cu2+) levels in the second water collection campaign from Portão Stream, were classified as Class 4, suggesting that the water is suitable only for navigation and aesthetic purposes. Conductivity analysis identified Portão Stream as another impacted area. Moreover, during the second collection campaign, the study uncovered an escalation in micronuclei (MN) frequency and chromosomal alterations in PZ5. Downstream water samples from Portão Stream exhibited similarly heightened MN levels. This study's investigation into water quality is a concrete example of the implications of improper USW management. These findings underscore the pressing need for effective waste management strategies to mitigate environmental degradation and protect public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study intends to create TiO2 foam, SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), and SiO2@TiO2 core‐shell nanostructure (CSN) with improved photocatalytic durability for the quick degradation of the textile industrial water pollutant in the presence of sunlight. The sol‐gel, Stöber, and chemical co‐precipitation methods have been used to synthesize TiO2 foam, SiO2 NPs, and SiO2@TiO2 CSN. X‐ray diffraction results have revealed the anatase phase of TiO2 foam, the amorphous nature of SiO2 NPs, and the amorphous nature of SiO2@TiO2 CSN due to equal wt.% of SiO2 NPs and TiO2 foam at 300 K. Field emission scanning electron microscope images show that the TiO2 foam, SiO2 NPs, and SiO2@TiO2 CSN exhibit cluster sheets, spherical, and spherical raspberry‐like homogeneous morphology. The ultraviolet spectrum confirmed that the TiO2 foam and SiO2@TiO2 CSN have a band gap of 2.9 eV and 3.4 eV. SiO2@TiO2 CSN has been shown an excellent decomposition rate of water pollutants (gentian dye) in comparison to TiO2 foam due to their better‐absorbing nature. Both NPs and CSN employed in the breakdown of gentian dye have been recycled and their original characteristics are preserved. The proposed SiO2@TiO2 CSN has a higher potential for application in developing self‐cleaning, long‐lasting, and air‐purifying materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water pollution due to tannery industries that contaminate river water and other spheres, is a side effect of industry expansion. The research focused on the biological removal of synthetic azo dyes by using biological treatment under aerobic conditions. Through morphological observation, biochemical test, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis the isolated bacteria were determined to be Aeromonas caviae, Enterobacter sichuanensis. Reduction of the organic content present in the tannery effluent and removal of the nutrients that cause pollution or inactivate potential pathogenic microorganisms or parasites. Optimized the azo dye degradation conditions at the temperature of 37°C, at pH 7 in 10% inoculum concentration at the time of 48th hour where novel organism capable of performing effective degradation. The metabolite of an aliquot mixture of the optimized condition was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and the results confirmed the reduction of azo dyes. These results indicate that A. caviae and E. sichuanensis can be utilized as a solution for the remediation of tannery industrial effluent containing azo dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive use of dyes by the textile industries poses a serious threat to the aquatic flora and fauna. Low‐cost bio‐sorbent derived from marine red, Gracilaria verrucosa (RAC), and green macroalgae, Enteromorpha intestinalis (GAC) have been used for effective removal of unsafe Malachite Green (MG) dye. Batch study was conducted to determine the different bio‐sorption parameters such as biochar dosage, pH, initial concentration of MG, and contact time including MG bio‐sorption capacities. The physicochemical characterization results show the presence of lower crystallite sizes, and active functional groups such as carbonyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfate and amine with the mesoporous morphology of the algal biochar. The FT‐IR, XRD and SEM analyses were also performed to characterize the structural investigation of adsorbents. The kinetics of adsorption such as pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order were analyzed and pseudo‐second‐order confirms about the nature of process to be chemisorption. The bio‐sorption test for 20 mg/L of initial MG at an equilibrium time of 90 min by RAC showed maximum removal efficiency of about 97.49% at pH 8 whereas GAC showed a removal efficiency of 93.37% at pH10. Thus, marine macroalgae RAC and GAC can be a substitute for the commercially available adsorbents for degradation of dyes from textile effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most coal in India originates from the Korb basin (Chhattisgarh), where coal mines, thermal power, and aluminum plants operate. Groundwater in this region faces severe pollution due to land reclamation, leaching of coal‐related contaminants, waste disposal, and industrial effluent seepage. This work presents results from monitoring groundwater pollution in the Korba basin from 2012 to 2017. Fluoride, aluminum, manganese, and iron levels exceeded acceptable quality limits across all 28 studied locations, with excessive nitrate, magnesium, calcium, and lead levels in specific sites. Tracking seasonal and temporal fluctuations in the most polluted site, namely Kudurmal, revealed peak solute concentrations during the monsoon period and a sustained 18% increase during the study period. Factorial analysis suggests groundwater contamination arises from both human activities and natural sources. These findings underscore the urgent necessity of devising remediation strategies for the drinking water supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to design a new multi‐stage photoreactor with immobilized ZnO and assess its performance in reducing textile wastewater toxicity using solar energy. The electric conductivity measurement is retained as a detection method to obtain the residence time distribution (RTD) function. The RTD is then used to characterize the hydrodynamic behavior of the photoreactor and to evaluate its deviation from the distribution curves of ideal reactors. Solar experiments are conducted to demonstrate the performance of this multistage reactor towards the degradation of a textile azo dye namely Solophenyl Red 3BL (SR 3BL). The influence of the flow rate and the SR 3BL initial concentration (CO) are considered. The variation of the flow rate slightly influences the SR 3BL photodegradation efficiency and it is inversely proportional to its concentration. The study of the reuse of the immobilized catalyst shows that the degradation efficiency of 98% is reached even after multiple photocatalytic cycles. The figure of merit collector area per order was in the range of 35 to 110 m2/m3order. This result provides useful information for scaling up and estimating energy efficiency of the reactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naturally occurring xanthan gum (XG) has much commercial importance because of its excellent physicochemical, eco‐friendly, and non‐toxic properties. It is used in various applications like protein extraction, wastewater treatment, tissue engineering, drug delivery, food packaging, and so forth. XG is a natural material, and it has some limitations related to the mechanical stress, thermal stability, and hydration. To overcome the limitation, XG can be modified by adding third component or modification of operation for specific applications. XG can be modified by physical, genetically, enzymatically, or chemical processes. Revamped XG also enhances the efficiency toward adsorbing toxic metal ions and organics from synthetic or industrial effluents. The emphasis of present review article is to address the structural characteristics along with the focus on the developing chemically modified XG like grafted, cross‐linked, nanocomposites, and functionally modified biopolymer. However, this review commences thorough discussion on numerous ways of modifications, which can be attempted in XG structure, expanding its applications for heavy metal ion along with dye removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hazardous pollution of water sources is a major impediment to the supply of usable and potable water around the world. Economical, innovative, renewable and environmentally friendly technologies are needed for the treatment of wastewater. Untreated waste materials, like date palm flower stalks (PFS) collected directly from trees, can serve as adsorbents for removing textile dyes. Batch kinetic and equilibrium experiments performed to investigate the effects of various factors, including contact time (0 – 180 min), adsorbent dose (10–50 mg / 25 mL), initial pH (2 – 12), initial concentration of dye (0 – 200 mg/L) and temperature (15 – 60 °C). The equilibrium capability achieved after 90 min of biosorption was 38.522 mg/g. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were fitted to the experimental data and their goodness of fit for adsorption was compared. Langmuir isotherm (R2 ~ 0.998) best described the equilibrium of SRL sorption on PSF. Adsorption was found to be greater under highly basic conditions (pHpzc = 6.3). The thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy ΔG°, enthalpy change ΔH°, and entropy ΔS° were calculated. Adsorption Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) was calculated to be in the range -8.49 to -8.62 kJ / mol. The values of activation parameters such as enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) were also determined as -7.76 kJ / mol and 2.49 J / mol.K, respectively. These findings indicate that palm flower stalk would be suitable adsorbents for textile dyes in wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dyeing process in textile industries has significant environment implication, primarily due to the release of a large amount of water effluents. Photocatalyst is a perennially effective technique used for the degradation of toxic, low- biodegradable hazardous effluents from water bodies. This method is highly selective, cost-effective, straightforward synthesis, and environmentally friendly process. Semiconductor metal oxides-based photocatalysts have gained attraction due to their superior properties including less toxicity and environment applications. However, their widespread implementation has diminished because of the poor photocatalytic activity in the visible region. To address this limitation, incorporating a conducting polymer particularly Polyaniline, has proven more effective. The enhanced charge-carrying capacity and ability to change the optical band gap makes the semiconductor more efficient for the degrading the organic effluents from the water bodies. This review primarily focuses on degradation of poisonous dyes present in textiles wastewater, using the polyaniline-semiconductor nanocomposite as a photocatalyst material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work reports the solution combustion synthesis of negatively charged cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) using glycine as a fuel. The morphology, composition, crystallinity, and surface characteristics of synthesized CONPs were confirmed. The particles were oval in shape with an average size of 10 ± 2 nm and negatively charged functional groups (C-H and N = N = N) on their surface. Batch experiments were performed to estimate the optimum values of parameter to estimate the maximum Cu(II) adsorption of CONPs, which was found to be 523 ± 12.72 mg g−1. The acid treatment achieved regeneration of loaded CONPs, and their sustainability was checked by performing adsorption–desorption experiments up to 4 cycles. The obtained results showed only a 14.4% reduction in adsorption capacity up to 4 cycles. Further, the diversified application of CONPs was examined by exposing them to synthetically prepared textile industry effluent containing multiple metal ions. The batch study data were fitted to various isotherm and kinetic models to understand the adsorption kinetics. The possible mechanism for the adsorption of Cu(II) onto CONPs has also been discussed. The antimicrobial assay results advocated that the disposal of CONPs is harmless to the ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To solve the serious problems of high production, large stockpiles, and low utilization in industrial solid wastes. Method: Hot-braised steel slag(SS),a by-product of steel making,and phosphogypsum(PG), a by-product of the phosphorus chemical industry, were taken to prepare inorganic water stability layers for highway engineering as the main raw materials, together with a certain proportion of natural aggregates (NA) and silicate cement (PC), based on the design idea of multi-solid waste synergistic utilisation. Properties such as unconfined compressive strength,splitting strength,bulk stability,and scouring resistance were determined,then the mechanism of the hydration process was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and scanning electron electron microscopy (SKM) . Result; Proper amount of phosphogypsum helps the generation of ettringite to fill the voids, whereas excess dosage makes gypsum adhereto the surface of the steel slag and reduces the bonding force between the aggregates. Especially,Consisting of 6%PG(^0. 30 mm) + 6%PC(^0. 30 mm) + 32%SS (0. 30 -- 4. 65 mm) + 40%NA(4. 65 -- 20. 00 mm) + 22%SS(4. 65 -- 20. 00 mm),layer MW-2 satisfied the high-heavy highway strength criteria, with a solid waste zutilization to 60%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In order to solve the environmental pollution problem caused by the large amount of industrial solid waste stockpiling and land occupation,and to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of industrial solid waste. Method: we prepared low-carbon concrete with C30 strength grade, which is prepared by mixing solid waste-based cementitious materials with cement and fly ash in different proportions, and then using iron tailing sand and iron tailing gravel as aggregates. Among them, solid waste-based cementitious materials consist of typical process solid wastes such as steel slag,slag,and desulfurization gypsum. The experiments investigated the effects of cement substitution rate and fly ash admixture on the compressive strength of low-carbon concrete,analyzed the durability performance of all-solid-waste low-carbon concrete, and explored the hydration products and processes of solid-waste-based cementitious materials using XRD, TG-DSC, and SEM. Result; The results show that; under the condition of 80 kg/m3 of fly ash mixing,the replacement rate of cement by solid waste-based cementitious materials could reach 50% -- 70%, and it was appropriate to use solid waste-based cementitious materials as a single cementitious material when they completely replace cement. The all-solid-waste low-carbon concrete had good [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of waste transformer oil (WTO) for combustion applications can offer significant potential to generate thermal energy and reduce industrial waste disposal. This study focuses on the development of a burner system designed to utilize WTO as an alternative fuel blended with 30% biodiesel and 70% diesel (B30) to produce thermal energy for various applications in industrial processes. Moreover, the economic feasibility and performance test were explored to provide an overview of the economically designed burner system and inform that WTO blended with B30 is suitable for an environmentally friendly alternative fuel. The development combustor consists of a vertical metal tube cylinder supplied with pressurized air from a blower. Secondary air flow was also provided at the tip of the burner for complete combustion of the fuel. Various test scenarios were conducted to optimize combustion and emission performance. The combustion temperature of the fuel was measured at the tip of the burner, while the emissions gases were recorded at 150 cm above the burner tip. Based on the experimental results, it is shown that the developed burner system can effectively burn the WTO blended B30 to produce thermal with low emissions gases. The maximum combustion temperature reached by the burner is 979°C, achieved with a combustion mixture consisting of 30%:70% WTO/B30 (v/v). The economic feasibility of the developed burner system was very useful and inexpensive to be developed at household or industrial scales and emissions from the combustion process are relatively low, with no significant environmental or health risks. Future studies may explore different fuel blends, system improvements, and broader industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of artificial soil is a potential cooperative resource utilization scheme for red mud and phosphogypsum on a large scale, with a low cost and simple operation. The characteristics of the bacterial community structure and function in three artificial soils were systematically studied for the first time. Relatively rich bacterial communities were formed in the artificial soils, with relatively high abundances of bacterial phyla (e.g., Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Chloroflexi) and bacterial genera (e.g., Microcoleus_PCC-7113, Rheinheimera, and Egicoccus), which can play key roles in various nutrient transformations, resistance to saline–alkali stress and pollutant toxicity, the enhancement of various soil enzyme activities, and the ecosystem construction of artificial soil. There were diverse bacterial functions (e.g., photoautotrophy, chemoheterotrophy, aromatic compound degradation, fermentation, nitrate reduction, cellulolysis, nitrogen fixation, etc.), indicating the possibility of various bacteria-dominated biochemical reactions in the artificial soil, which can significantly enrich the nutrient cycling and energy flow and enhance the fertility of the artificial soil and the activity of the soil life. The bacterial communities in the different artificial soils were generally correlated with major physicochemical factors (e.g., pH, OM, TN, AN, and AP), as well as enzyme activity factors (e.g., S-UE, S-SC, S-AKP, S-CAT, and S-AP), which comprehensively illustrates the complexity of the interaction between bacterial communities and environmental factors in artificial soils, and which may affect the succession direction of bacterial communities, the quality of the artificial soil environment, and the speed and direction of the development and maturity of the artificial soil. This study provides an important scientific basis for the synergistic soilization of two typical industrial solid wastes, red mud and phosphogypsum, specifically for the microbial mechanism, for the further evolution and development of artificial soil prepared using red mud and phosphogypsum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Change in pH in growth conditions is the primary stress for most neutralophilic bacteria, including model microorganism Escherichia coli. However, different survival capacities under acid stress in different bacteria are ubiquitous. Research on different acid-tolerance mechanisms in microorganisms is important for the field of combating harmful gut bacteria and promoting fermentation performance of industrial strains. Therefore, this study aimed to carry out a narrative review of acid-stress response mechanism of E. coli discovered so far, including six AR systems, cell membrane protection, and macromolecular repair. In addition, the application of acid-tolerant E. coli in industry was illustrated, such as production of industrial organic acid and developing bioprocessing for industrial wastes. Identifying these aspects will open the opportunity for discussing development aspects for subsequent research of acid-tolerant mechanisms and application in E. coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of dyes from effluents of textile industries represents a technological challenge, due to their significant environmental impact. The application of halloysite (Hal) and palygorskite (Pal) clay minerals as adsorbents for the removal of Congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) was evaluated in this work. The materials were applied both in natural and acid-treated forms, and characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM–EDS, FTIR, and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm techniques to identify their properties and main active sites. The adsorbents showed potential to remove CR (> 98%) and MB (> 85%) within 180 min, using 0.3 g adsorbent and initial dye concentration of 250 mg L−1. Semi-empirical quantum mechanical calculations (SQM) confirmed the interaction mechanism between dyes and the adsorbents via chemisorption (− 69.0 kcal mol−1 < Eads < − 28.8 kcal mol−1), which was further observed experimentally due to the high fit of adsorption data to pseudo-second order kinetic model (R2 > 0.99) and Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.98). The use of Pal and Hal to remove dyes was proven to be economically and environmentally viable for industrial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greenhouse gas emissions and climate change concerns have prompted worldwide initiatives to lower carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and prevent them from rising in the atmosphere, thereby controlling global warming. Effective CO2 management through carbon capture and storage is essential for safe and permanent storage, as well as synchronically meeting carbon reduction targets. Lowering CO2 emissions through carbon utilization can develop a wide range of new businesses for energy security, material production, and sustainability. CO2 mineralization is one of the most promising strategies for producing thermodynamically stable solid calcium or magnesium carbonates for long-term sequestration using simple chemical reactions. Current advancements in CO2 mineralization technologies,focusing on pathways and mechanisms using different industrial solid wastes, including natural minerals as feedstocks, are briefly discussed. However, the operating costs, energy consumption, reaction rates, and material management are major barriers to the application of these technologies in CO2 mineralization. The optimization of operating parameters, tailor-made equipment, and smooth supply of waste feedstocks require more attention to make the carbon mineralization process economically and commercially viable. Here, carbonation mechanisms, technological options to expedite mineral carbonation, environmental impacts, and prospects of CO2 mineralization technologies are critically evaluated to suggest a pathway for mitigating climate change in the future. The integration of industrial wastes and brine with the CO2 mineralization process can unlock its potential for the development of novel chemical pathways for the synthesis of calcium or magnesium carbonates, valuable metal recovery, and contribution to sustainability goals while reducing the impact of global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium molybdate (CaMoO4) is of significant interest due to its unique properties and numerous industrial applications, such as catalysis, electrochemistry, and optoelectronics. In this study, we developed an economical and environmentally friendly method to synthesize calcium molybdate from Moroccan phosphogypsum (PG) industrial waste and sodium molybdate, all at room temperature. Comprehensive analysis through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman vibrational spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the high purity of the synthesized calcium molybdate, with particle sizes of only 12 nm. Additionally, optical characteristics were studied using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), which showed an optical band gap of Egap = 3.96 eV for CaMoO4. These results confirm the successful synthesis of calcium molybdate nanoparticles from Moroccan phosphogypsum, demonstrating an effective pathway to valorize this industrial waste into a valuable material. This approach contributes to environmental sustainability by reducing dependence on rare chemicals while offering innovative solutions for the industry's sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world's population is growing, leading to an increasing demand for freshwater resources for drinking, sanitation, agriculture, and industry. Interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) can solve many problems, such as mitigating the power crisis, minimizing water pollution, and improving the purification and desalination of seawater, rivers/lakes, and wastewater. Cellulosic materials are a viable and ecologically sound technique for capturing solar energy that is adaptable to a range of applications. This review paper aims to provide an overview of current advancements in the field of cellulose‐based materials ISSG devices, specifically focusing on their applications in water purification and desalination. This paper examines the cellulose‐based materials ISSG system and evaluates the effectiveness of various cellulosic materials, such as cellulose nanofibers derived from different sources, carbonized wood materials, and two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D cellulosic‐based materials from various sources, as well as advanced cellulosic materials, including bacterial cellulose and cellulose membranes obtained from agricultural and industrial cellulose wastes. The focus is on exploring the potential applications of these materials in ISSG devices for water desalination, purification, and treatment. The function, advantages, and disadvantages of cellulosic materials in the performance of ISSG devices were also deliberated throughout our discussion. In addition, the potential and suggested methods for enhancing the utilization of cellulose‐based materials in the field of ISSG systems for water desalination, purification, and treatment were also emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]