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251. Implementation Supports of the Early College Expansion Partnership

Author

SERVE Center at University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Edmunds, Julie, Lewis, Karla, Hutchins, Bryan, and Klopfenstein, Kristin

Abstract

As originally conceptualized, Early Colleges were small schools focused purposefully on college readiness for all students. Frequently located on college campuses, Early Colleges targeted students who might face challenges in postsecondary education, including students who were the first in their family to go to college, economically disadvantaged students, English Language Learners (ELL), or students who are members of racial or ethnic groups underrepresented in college. The Early College Expansion Partnership (ECEP) is among the first large-scale effort to apply Early College strategies into comprehensive high schools. Supported by a $15 million grant from U.S. Department of Education's Investing in Innovation (i3) program, the ECEP was designed to increase the number of students graduating from high school prepared for enrollment and success in postsecondary education. The project sought to blend high school and college by applying strategies from the successful Early College high school model to 14 middle schools, 12 high schools, and two 6th-12th-grade schools in three districts in two states: Colorado and Texas. ECEP implemented an adapted version of the Early College High School Model. The program provided a set of services that supported implementation of a whole-school reform model emphasizing the creation of a college-preparatory school environment. A primary emphasis of the program was increasing the number of students who participated in college-credit-bearing courses while in high school. This report describes describes: (1) the district context in which the program was operating, documenting changes that occurred over the life of the grant; and (2) the implementation of the five "buckets" of implementation supports: (1) technical assistance to districts; (2) leadership coaching; (3) the Community of Practice; (4) instructional coaching; and (5) the i3 Cabinet. Each section begins with an overarching description of the common activities occurring across the three districts. This broader description is followed by district-specific write-ups that describe how the supports were adapted for the specific district context. Each section also includes a measure of the Fidelity of Implementation for that activity. Finally, each section concludes with a description of lessons learned, specific to that activity. The report concludes with a discussion around the extent to which the different supports will be able to be sustained after the grant ends and a synthesis of lessons learned from this work and includes participants' recommendations around how to replicate this work in other settings. [For the companion report, "Transforming Comprehensive High Schools into Early Colleges: The Impacts of the Early College Expansion Partnership," see ED618202.]

Published
2018

252. Transforming Comprehensive High Schools into Early Colleges: The Impacts of the Early College Expansion Partnership

Author

SERVE Center at University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Edmunds, Julie, Lewis, Karla, Hutchins, Bryan, and Klopfenstein, Kristin

Abstract

As originally conceptualized, Early Colleges were small schools focused purposefully on college readiness for all students. Frequently located on college campuses, Early Colleges targeted students who might face challenges in postsecondary education, including students who were the first in their family to go to college, economically disadvantaged students, English Language Learners (ELL), or students who are members of racial or ethnic groups underrepresented in college. The Early College Expansion Partnership (ECEP) is among the first large-scale effort to apply Early College strategies into comprehensive high schools. Supported by a $15 million grant from U.S. Department of Education's Investing in Innovation (i3) program, the ECEP was designed to increase the number of students graduating from high school prepared for enrollment and success in postsecondary education. The project sought to blend high school and college by applying strategies from the successful Early College high school model to 14 middle schools, 12 high schools, and two 6th-12th-grade schools in three districts in two states: Colorado and Texas. ECEP implemented an adapted version of the Early College High School Model. The program provided a set of services that supported implementation of a whole-school reform model emphasizing the creation of a college-preparatory school environment. A primary emphasis of the program was increasing the number of students who participated in college-credit-bearing courses while in high school. This report describes the approach used to assess student impacts and to track changes over time; uses survey and site visit data to describe key changes that have been made at the district and school levels; presents the impact estimates for the core student-level outcomes; places the findings in context and discusses the broader implications of this work; and summarizes the overall findings. [For the companion report, "Implementation Supports of the Early College Expansion Partnership," see ED618696.]

Published
2018

253. Program Highlights for the Creative Learning Initiative in 2016-2017: Access, Creative Teaching, and the Community Arts Network. Publication 16.58 RB

Author

Austin Independent School District (AISD), Andrews, Melissa, Hutchins, Shaun D., Christian, Cinda, Williams, Holly, Wang, Crystal, Green-Otero, John, and Hasty, Brent

Abstract

This research brief summarizes highlights from the full report (published separately) on program evaluation activities for the 2016-2017 school year in AISD. [For the full report, see ED629313.]

Published
2018

254. Creative Learning Initiative: Annual Report 2016-2017. Publication 16.58

Author

Austin Independent School District (AISD), Andrews, Melissa, Christian, Cinda, Williams, Holly, Wang, Crystal, Green-Otero, John, Hasty, Brent, and Hutchins, Shaun D.

Abstract

This report summarizes program evaluation activities for the 2016-2017 school year in AISD. A separate research brief also was published. [For the research brief, see ED629314.]

Published
2018

255. Summary of Austin Independent School District Telecommuting Surveys. Publication 17.09i

Author

Austin Independent School District (AISD), Williams, Holly, Andrews, Melissa, and Hutchins, Shaun

Abstract

Telecommuting is currently used in many industries and is celebrated for fostering job satisfaction and increased productivity. However, telecommuting is not widely practiced in K-12 environments. Two departments in AISD implemented pilot telecommuting programs. This report presents survey results from these pilot implementation models and summarizes the lessons learned to better understand the challenges and best practices of implementation.

Published
2018

256. Hypertensive crisis associated with high dose soy isoflavone supplementation in a post-menopausal woman: a case report [ISRCTN98074661]

Author

Johnston Carol S, McIver Imogene E, and Hutchins Andrea M

Subjects
Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Isoflavones are gaining popularity as alternatives to hormone replacement therapy. However, few guidelines exist to inform the public as to an appropriate dose. This case involves a postmenopausal woman who experienced a hypertensive crisis while consuming a high-dose isoflavone supplement as part of a research protocol. Case Presentation The participant was part of a placebo-controlled crossover trial to investigate the potential synergism of the antioxidant activity of soy isoflavones and vitamin C. Upon entry into the study, this healthy, well-nourished, normotensive postmenopausal woman (51 years old), consumed the first of four randomly assigned treatments (500 mg vitamin C plus 5 mg/kg body weight soy isoflavones). During this treatment, the participant's systolic blood pressure spiked to a recorded 226/117 mmHg, necessitating medical intervention and discontinuation of study participation. Two plausible mechanisms for this hypertensive crisis are discussed. Conclusion Due to the availability and increasing popularity of soy supplements, practitioners should be aware of the potential side effects associated with their use. Practitioners counseling clients who are consuming soy isoflavone supplements should advise them that elevated blood pressure may be a potential side-effect to consider and monitor.

Published
2005
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257. Liposomal Bupivacaine via Combined Sciatic and Saphenous Block after Lower Extremity Procedures: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Trial

Author

Jacob Hutchins MD MHA, Jeff Gadsden MD, Gary Schwartz MD FASA, Jia Song MS, Mary DiGiorgi MPH PhD, and Roy Winston MD

Subjects
Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract

Category: Bunion; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Combined sciatic and saphenous nerve blocks are commonly used for pain management after lower extremity procedures. Liposomal bupivacaine (LB) is a formulation of the local anesthetic bupivacaine that gradually releases bupivacaine for prolonged periods of analgesia. The objective of this phase 3 multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active- controlled study (NCT04518462) was to evaluate the postoperative analgesic effect of combined sciatic and saphenous nerve blocks with LB with or without admixed bupivacaine hydrochloride (HCl) versus bupivacaine HCl alone in adults undergoing bunionectomy or other lower extremity procedures. Methods: This study enrolled 2 parallel cohorts: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety were assessed in cohort 1 (bunionectomy), and efficacy and safety were further assessed in cohort 2 (bunionectomy, other lower extremity procedures). Eligibility criteria included American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification ≤3 and body mass index ≥18 to < 40 kg/m 2 . Participants were randomized 1:1:1 to receive LB 266 mg admixed with saline (LB266), LB 266 mg admixed with bupivacaine HCl 50 mg (LB266-ADMIX), or bupivacaine HCl 100 mg (BUP100), administered as a combined sciatic and saphenous block. No additional regional blocks were administered. For 96 hours after surgery, rescue medication included nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen and escalation to opioids if necessary. The primary endpoint was the area under the curve (AUC) of the numerical rating scale (NRS) pain intensity scores 0-96 hours after surgery. Total postsurgical opioid consumption 0- 96 hours after surgery was a secondary endpoint. Results: In total, 119 participants were enrolled (LB266: n=40; LB266-ADMIX: n=41; BUP100: n=40). The least squares mean (LSM) AUC of the NRS pain intensity score was nonsignificantly lower 0-96 hours after surgery for LB266 versus BUP100 (LSM [standard error], 286.9 [32.9] vs 348.6 [34.4]; LSM difference vs BUP100, −61.7 [95% confidence interval (CI), −147.0, 23.6]; P=0.1564). LB266 pain intensity scores were significantly higher 6-18 hours after surgery but were significantly lower at 36-96 hours than BUP100 (Figure). Cumulative opioid consumption differences 0-96 hours after surgery for LB266 versus BUP100 were not significant (LSM [95% CI], 20.7 [13.5, 31.7] vs 19.8 [12.7, 31.0]; P=0.8857). Mirroring pain scores, opioid consumption with LB266 versus BUP100 was higher at 0-24 hours but lower 24-96 hours (Figure); adverse events were similar. Conclusion: Cumulative pain intensity and opioid consumption were not significantly different between the LB266 and BUP100 groups 0-96 hours after surgery; however, consistent with the known mechanism of LB, pain intensity scores were significantly lower with LB266 36-96 hours after surgery, and opioid consumption was significantly lower 24-96 hours after surgery.

Published
2023
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258. Teen Well Check: an e-health prevention program for substance use, sexual assault, and sexual risk behaviors for adolescents in primary care

Author

Amanda K. Gilmore, Elizabeth A. Mosley, Daniel W. Oesterle, Leigh E. Ridings, Idara Umo, Anna Hutchins, Holly C. Gooding, Elizabeth Wallis, Sharon Levy, Kenneth Ruggiero, Debra Kaysen, Carla Kmett Danielson, and Shannon Self-Brown

Subjects
prevention, adolescents, e-health, drug use, sexual assault, sexual health, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Objective: Adolescents are at risk for substance use, sexual assault, and sexual risk behaviours; however, to date no integrated prevention programmes address all three risk behaviours. The goal of this study was to evaluate the usability and acceptability of Teen Well Check, an e-health prevention programme targeting substance use, sexual assault, and sexual risk among adolescents in primary care settings. Methods: The current study included content analysis of interviews with adolescents in primary care (aged 14–18; n = 25) in the intervention development process, followed by usability and acceptability testing with qualitative interviews among adolescents in primary care (aged 14–18; n = 10) and pediatric primary care providers (n = 11) in the intervention refinement process. All data were collected in the Southeastern U.S. Results: Feedback on Teen Well Check addressed content, engagement and interaction, language and tone, aesthetics, logistics, inclusivity, parent/guardian-related topics, and the application of personal stories. Overall, providers reported they would be likely to use this intervention (5.1 out of 7.0) and recommend it to adolescents (5.4 out of 7.0). Conclusions: These findings suggest preliminary usability and acceptability of Teen Well Check. A randomized clinical trial is needed to assess efficacy.

Published
2023
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259. Alcohol-involved sexual assault in the US military: a scoping review

Author

Erin L. Miggantz, Lindsay M. Orchowski, Jessica L. Beltran, Kristen H. Walter, Julia C. Hollingsworth, Kelly Cue Davis, Zoe Y. Zong, Richard Meza-Lopez, Anna Hutchins, and Amanda K. Gilmore

Subjects
Substance use, sexual violence, sexual trauma, service members, scoping review, Uso de sustancias, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

ABSTRACTBackground: Sexual assault and alcohol use are significant public health concerns, including for the United States (US) military. Although alcohol is a risk factor for military sexual assault (MSA), research on the extent of alcohol-involvement in MSAs has not been synthesised.Objective: Accordingly, this scoping review is a preliminary step in evaluating the existing literature on alcohol-involved MSAs among US service members and veterans, with the goals of quantifying the prevalence of alcohol-involved MSA, examining differences in victim versus perpetrator alcohol consumption, and identifying additional knowledge gaps.Method: In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for Scoping Reviews, articles in this review were written in English, published in 1996 or later, reported statistics regarding alcohol-involved MSA, and included samples of US service members or veterans who experienced MSA during military service.Results: A total of 34 of 2436 articles identified met inclusion criteria. Studies often measured alcohol and drug use together. Rates of reported MSAs that involved the use of alcohol or alcohol/drugs ranged from 14% to 66.1% (M = 36.94%; Mdn = 37%) among servicemen and from 0% to 83% (M = 40.27%; Mdn = 41%) among servicewomen. Alcohol use was frequently reported in MSAs, and there is a dearth of information on critical event-level characteristics of alcohol-involved MSA. Additionally, studies used different definitions and measures of MSA and alcohol use, complicating comparisons across studies.Conclusion: The lack of event-level data, and inconsistencies in definitions, measures, and sexual assault timeframes across articles demonstrates that future research and data collection efforts require more event-level detail and consistent methodology to better understand the intersection of alcohol and MSA, which will ultimately inform MSA prevention and intervention efforts.

Published
2023
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260. An eHealth Prevention Program for Substance Use, Sexual Assault, and Sexual Risk Behaviors for Adolescents in Primary Care: Pilot Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial of Teen Well Check

Author

Amanda K Gilmore, Kennicia Fortson, K Nicole Mullican, Grisel García-Ramírez, Anna Hutchins, Alyssa M Bartlett, Holly C Gooding, Elizabeth Wallis, Sharon Levy, Kenneth J Ruggiero, Debra Kaysen, Carla Kmett Danielson, Robert Platner, April Hartman, and Shannon Self-Brown

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

BackgroundSubstance use, sexual assault, and sexual risk behaviors are common among adolescents and are interrelated. Nearly 1 in 5 adolescents use substances before sexual encounters, placing these young people at risk for both sexual assault and sexual risk behaviors. Primary care visits present a unique opportunity to address multiple health risk behaviors. ObjectiveTeen Well Check is a web-based integrated prevention program for substance use, sexual assault, and sexual risk behaviors with demonstrated usability and acceptability among patients and providers. The aim of this study was to conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial to assess feasibility. MethodsAdolescents (n=123) aged 14 to 18 years from diverse backgrounds were recruited from primarily Medicaid-serving pediatric primary care clinics. Participants completed a baseline survey; were randomized to receive Teen Well Check or an assessment-only control; and completed 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up surveys. Feasibility was assessed in terms of recruitment and retention rates. Preliminary changes from baseline to follow-up periods were examined separately in the Teen Well Check and control conditions. ResultsWe recruited 123 participants (Teen Well Check: n=61, 49.6%; control: n=62, 50.4%). Of the 61 participants assigned to the Teen Well Check condition, 55 (90%) completed the full program and viewed all intervention content. Of the 123 participants, 105 (85.4%) were retained across at least 1 follow-up period, and there was no difference in follow-up rates between the conditions (χ21=0.6; P=.43). The completion of Teen Well Check took an average of 6.2 (SD 5.8) minutes. Preliminary analyses revealed that there were significant reductions in perceived peer norms (descriptive norms) for substance use before sex across follow-ups among participants in the Teen Well Check condition (P=.001 from baseline to 6 months), whereas there were significant increases among participants in the control condition (P=.003 from baseline to 6 months). In addition, there were nonsignificant reductions in substance misuse risk from baseline to the 6-month follow-up among participants in the Teen Well Check condition (P=.16). ConclusionsThese findings support the feasibility of Teen Well Check delivery within pediatric primary care clinics. A randomized clinical trial is needed to assess efficacy. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT3489434; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03489434

Published
2023
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261. 1403-A PTPN2/N1 inhibitor ABBV-CLS-484 unleashes potent anti-tumor immunity

Author

Wei Qiu, Qi Sun, Yi Yang, Chirag Patel, Meng Sun, Yue Liu, Kyle Halliwill, Sarah Kim, Rebecca Mathew, Jennifer M Frost, Jennifer A Roth, Domenick Kennedy, Robert T Manguso, Kathleen B Yates, Hakimeh Ebrahimi-Nik, Christina K Baumgartner, Arvin Iracheta-Vellve, Keith M Hamel, Kira Olander, Thomas GR Davis, Kathleen A McGuire, Geoff T Halvorsen, Omar I Avila, Ashwin V Kammula, Audrey J Muscato, Prasanthi Geda, Kelly Klinge, Zhaoming Xiong, Ryan Duggan, Liang Mu, Mitchell D Yeary, James C Patti, Tyler M Balon, Carey Backus, Angeline Chen, Kenton Longenecker, Joseph Klahn, Cara Hrusch, Navasona Krishnan, Charles W Hutchins, Jacqueline Aguado, Marinka Bulic, Payal Tiwari, Kayla J Colvin, Cun Lan Chuong, Ian C Kohnle, Matthew G Rees, Andrew Boghossian, Melissa Ronan, Meng-Ju Wu, Debattama R Sen, Gabriel K Griffin, Nabeel El-Bardeesy, Patricia Trusk, Joshua H Decker, Stacey Fossey, Marcia N Paddock, Elliot P Farney, Clay Beauregard, and Philip R Kym

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published
2023
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262. Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Author

Anne-Marie Rick, Matthew B. Laurens, Ying Huang, Chenchen Yu, Thomas C.S. Martin, Carina A. Rodriguez, Christina A. Rostad, Rebone M. Maboa, Lindsey R. Baden, Hana M. El Sahly, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Glenda E. Gray, Cynthia L. Gay, Peter B. Gilbert, Holly E. Janes, James G. Kublin, Yunda Huang, Brett Leav, Ian Hirsch, Frank Struyf, Lisa M. Dunkle, Kathleen M. Neuzil, Lawrence Corey, Paul A. Goepfert, Stephen R. Walsh, Dean Follmann, Karen L. Kotloff, Atoya Adams, Eric Miller, Bruce G. Rankin, Steven Shinn, Marshall Nash, Sinikka L. Green, Colleen Jacobsen, Jayasree Krishnankutty, Sikhongi Phungwayo, Richard M. Glover, II, Stacy Slechta, Troy Holdeman, Robyn Hartvickson, Amber Grant, Terry L. Poling, Terry D. Klein, Thomas C. Klein, Tracy R. Klein, William B. Smith, Richard L. Gibson, Jennifer Winbigler, Elizabeth Parker, Priyantha N. Wijewardane, Eric Bravo, Jeffrey Thessing, Michelle Maxwell, Amanda Horn, Catherine Mary Healy, Christine Akamine, Laurence Chu, R. Michelle Chouteau, Michael J. Cotugno, George H. Bauer, Jr., Greg Hachigian, Masaru Oshita, Michael Cancilla, Kristen Kiersey, William Seger, Mohammed Antwi, Allison Green, Anthony Kim, Michael Desjardins, Jennifer A. Johnson, Amy Sherman, Judith Borger, Nafisa Saleem, Joel Solis, Martha Carmen Medina, Westly Keating, Edgar Garcia, Cynthia Bueno, Nathan Segall, Douglas S. Denham, Thomas Weiss, Ayoade Avworo, Parke Hedges, Cynthia Becher Strout, Rica Santiago, Yvonne Davis, Patty Howenstine, Alison Bondell, Kristin Marks, Tina Wang, Timothy Wilkin, Mary Vogler, Carrie Johnston, Michele P. Andrasik, Jessica G. Andriesen, Gail Broder, Niles Eaton, Huub G. Gelderblom, Rachael McClennen, Nelson Michael, Merlin Robb, Carrie Sopher, Vicki E. Miller, Fredric Santiago, Blanca Gomez, Insiya Valika, Amy Starr, Valeria D. Cantos, Sheetal Kandiah, Carlos del Rio, Nadine Rouphael, Srilatha Edupuganti, Evan J. Anderson, Andres Camacho-Gonzalez, Satoshi Kamidani, Meghan Teherani, David J. Diemert, Elissa Malkin, Marc Siegel, Afsoon Roberts, Gary Simon, Bindu Balani, Carolene Stephenson, Steven Sperber, Cristina Cicogna, Marcus J. Zervos, Paul Kilgore, Mayur Ramesh, Erica Herc, Kate Zenlea, Abram Burgher, Ann M. Milliken, Joseph D. Davis, Brendan Levy, Sandra Kelman, Matthew W. Doust, Denise Sample, Sandra Erickson, Shane G. Christensen, Christopher Matich, James Longe, John Witbeck, James T. Peterson, Alexander Clark, Gerald Kelty, Issac Pena-Renteria, Michael J. Koren, Darlene Bartilucci, Alpa Patel, Carolyn Tran, Christina Kennelly, Robert Brownlee, Jacob Coleman, Hala Webster, Carlos A. Fierro, Natalia Leistner, Amy Thompson, Celia Gonzalez, Lisa A. Jackson, Janice Suyehira, Milton Haber, Maria M. Regalado, Veronica Procasky, Alisha Lutat, Carl P. Griffin, Ripley R. Hollister, Jeremy Brown, Melody Ronk, Wayne L. Harper, Lisa Cohen, Lynn Eckert, Matthew Hong, Rambod Rouhbakhsh, Elizabeth Danford, John Johnson, Richard Calderone, Shishir K. Khetan, Oyebisi Olanrewaju, Nan Zhai, Kimberly Nieves, Allison O'Brien, Paul S. Bradley, Amanda Lilienthal, Jim Callis, Adam B. Brosz, Andrea Clement, Whitney West, Luke Friesen, Paul Cramer, Frank S. Eder, Ryan Little, Victoria Engler, Heather Rattenbury-Shaw, David J. Ensz, Allie Oplinger, Brandon J. Essink, Jay Meyer, Frederick Raiser, III, Kimberly Mueller, Keith W. Vrbicky, Charles Harper, Chelsie Nutsch, Wendell Lewis, III, Cathy Laflan, Jordan L. Whatley, Nicole Harrell, Amie Shannon, Crystal Rowell, Christopher Dedon, Mamodikoe Makhene, Gregory M. Gottschlich, Kate Harden, Melissa Gottschlich, Mary Smith, Richard Powell, Murray A. Kimmel, Simmy Pinto, Timothy P. Vachris, Mark Hutchens, Stephen Daniels, Margaret Wells, Mimi Van Der Leden, Peta-Gay Jackson-Booth, Mira Baron, Pamela Kane, Shannen Seversen, Mara Kryvicky, Julia Lord, Jamshid Saleh, Matthew Miles, Rafael Lupercio, John W. McGettigan, Jr., Walter Patton, Riemke Brakema, Karin Choquette, Jonlyn McGettigan, Judith L. Kirstein, Marcia Bernard, Mary Beth Manning, Joan Rothenberg, Toby Briskin, Denise Roadman, Sharita Tedder-Edwards, Howard I. Schwartz, Surisday Mederos, Shobha Swaminathan, Amesika Nyaku, Tilly Varughese, Michelle DallaPiazza, Sharon E. Frey, Irene Graham, Getahun Abate, Daniel Hoft, Leland N. Allen, III, Leslie A. Edwards, William S. Davis, Jr., Jessica M. Mena, Mark E. Kutner, Jorge Caso, Maria Hernandez Moran, Marianela Carvajal, Janet Mendez, Larkin T. Wadsworth, III, Michael R. Adams, Leslie Iverson, Joseph L. Newberg, Laura Pearlman, Paul J. Nugent, Michele D. Reynolds, Jennifer Bashour, Robert Schmidt, Neil P. Sheth, Kenneth Steil, Ramy J. Toma, William Kirby, Pink Folmar, Samantha Williams, Paul Pickrell, Stefanie Mott, Carol Ann Linebarger, Hussain Malbari, David Pampe, Veronica G. Fragoso, Lisa Holloway, Cecilia McKeown-Bragas, Teresa Becker, Barton G. Williams, William H. Jones, Jesse L. Clark, Steven Shoptaw, Michele Vertucci, Will Hernandez, Stephen A. Spector, Amaran Moodley, Jill Blumenthal, Lisa Stangl, Karen Deutsch, Kathleen M. Mullane, David Pitrak, Cheryl Nuss, Judy Pi, Carl Fichtenbaum, Margaret Powers-Fletcher, Michelle Saemann, Sharon Kohrs, Thomas B. Campbell, Andrew Lauria, Jose C. Mancilla, Hillary Dunlevy, Richard M. Novak, Andrea Wendrow, Scott Borgetti, Ben Ladner, Lisa Chrisley, Cheryl Young, Susanne Doblecki-Lewis, Maria L. Alcaide, Jose Gonzales-Zamora, Stephen Morris, David Wohl, Joseph Eron, Jr., Ian Frank, Debora Dunbar, David Metzger, Florence Momplaisir, Judith Martin, Alejandro Hoberman, Timothy Shope, Gysella Muniz, Richard Rupp, Amber Stanford, Megan Berman, Laura Porterfield, Michael Lewis, Elham Ghadishah, Joseph Yusin, Mai Pham, Clarence B. Creech, II, Shannon Walker, Stephanie Rolsma, Robert Samuels, Isaac Thomsen, Spyros A. Kalams, Greg Wilson, Gregg H. Lucksinger, Kevin Parks, Ryan Israelsen, Jaleh Ostovar, Kary Kelly, Jeffrey S. Overcash, Hanh Chu, Kia Lee, Luis I. De La Cruz, Steve Clemons, Elizabeth Everette, Suzanna Studdard, Gowdhami Mohan, Stefanie Tyson, Alyssa-Kay Peay, Danyel Johnson, Gregory J. Feldman, May-Yin Suen, Jacqueline Muenzner, Joseph Boscia, Farhan Siddiqui, John Sanders, James Peacock, Julio Nasim, Michael L. Levin, Julie Hussey, Marcy Kulic, Mark M. McKenzie, Teresa Deese, Erica Osmundsen, Christy Sweet, Valentine M. Ebuh, Elwaleed Elnagar, Georgette Ebuh, Genevieve Iwuala, Laurie J. Han-Conrad, Todd Simmons, Denis Tarakjian, Jeremy Ackermann, Mark S. Adams, José O. Alemán, Mohamed S. Al-Ibrahim, David R. Andes, Jeb Andrews, Roberto C. Arduino, Martín Bäcker, Diana Badillo, Emma Bainbridge, Teresa A. Batteiger, Jose A. Bazan, Roger J. Bedimo, Jorge A. Benitez, Annette R. Bennett, David I. Bernstein, Kristin Bialobok, Rebecca Boas, Judith Brady, Cynthia Brown, Catherine A. Bunce, Robert S. Call, Wesley Campbell, Ellie Carmody, Christopher Carpenter, Steven E. Carsons, Marvin Castellon, Mario Castro, Hannah Catan, Jennifer Chang, Mouna G. Chebib, Corey M. Chen, Margaret Cheng, Brian D.W. Chow, Annie Ciambruschini, Joseph P. Connor, James H. Conway, Maureen Cooney, Marcel Curlin, Claudia De La Matta Rodriguez, Jon F. Dedon, Emily Degan, Michelle Dickey, Craig Dietz, Jennifer L. Dong, Brenda Dorcely, Michael P. Dube, Carmel B. Dyer, Benjamin Eckhardt, Edward Ellerbeck, Evan C. Ewers, Amy Falk, Brittany Feijoo, Uriel R. Felsen, Tom Fiel, David Fitz-Patrick, Charles M. Fogarty, Stacy Ford, Lina M. Forero, Elizabeth Formentini, Doris Franco-Vitteri, Robert W. Frenck, Jr., Elie Gharib, Suzanne Gharib, Rola G. Rucker, James N. Goldenberg, Luis H. González, Brett Gray, Rusty Greene, Robert M. Grossberg, Juan V. Guanira-Carranza, Alfredo Gilberto Guerreros Benavides, Clint C. Guillory, Shauna H. Gunaratne, David Halpert, Holli Hamilton, William R. Hartman, Sheryl L. Henderson, Ramin Herati, Laura Hernandez Guarin, Robin Hilder, Ken Ho, Leila Hojat, Sybil G. Hosek, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Melanie Jay, Diane H. Johnson, Kathleen S. Jones, Edward C. Jones-López, Jessica E. Justman, Scott Kahney, Lois Katz, Melinda Katz, Daniel Kaul, Michael C. Keefer, Ashley Kennedy, Jennifer Knishinsky, Laura Kogelman, Susan L. Koletar, Angelica Kottkamp, Maryrose Laguio-Vila, Raphael J. Landovitz, Jessica L. Lee, Albert Liu, Eneyda Giuvanela Llerena Zegarra, Anna S. Lok, James Lovell, Ronald Lubelchek, John Lucaj, Gary Luckasen, Annie Luetkemeyer, Njira Lucia Lugogo, Janine Maenza, Carlos Malvestutto, Monica Mauri, Ryan C. Maves, Kenneth H. Mayer, Michael J. McCartney, Margaret E. McCort, M. Juliana McElrath, Meredith McNairy, Fernando L. Merino, Eric A. Meyerowitz, Carol L. Mitchell, Cynthia L. Monaco, Sauda Muhammad, Sigridh Muñoz-Gómez, Sonal Munsiff, Paul Nee, Nicole L. Nollen, Asif Noor, Claudio Nuñez Lagos, Jason F. Okulicz, Patrick A. Oliver, Jessica Ortega, Steven Palmer, Lalitha Parameswaran, Purvi Parikh, Susan Parker, Reza Parungao, Juana R. Pavie, Rebecca P. Madan, Henry Peralta, Jennifer Petts, Kristen K. Pierce, E. Javier Pretell Alva, Lawrence J. Purpura, Vanessa Raabe, Sergio E. Recuenco, Tamara Richards, Sharon A. Riddler, Barbara Rizzardi, Rachel Rokser, Charlotte-Paige Rolle, Adam Rosen, Jeffrey Rosen, Lena R. Freese, María E. Santolaya, Linda M. Schipani, Adam Schwartz, Tiffany Schwasinger-Schmidt, Hyman Scott, Beverly E. Sha, Shivanjali Shankaran, Adrienne E. Shapiro, Stephan C. Sharp, Bo Shopsin, Matthew D. Sims, Stephanie Skipper, Derek M. Smith, Michael J. Smith, M. Mahdee Sobhanie, Brit Sovic, Stephanie Sterling, Robert Striker, Karla Beatriz Tafur Bances, Kawsar R. Talaat, Edward M. Tavel, Jr., Hong V. Tieu, Christian Tomaszewski, Ryan Tomlinson, Juan P. Torres, Julian A. Torres, John J. Treanor, Sade Tukuru, Robert J. Ulrich, Gregory C. Utz, Veronica Viar, Roberto A. Viau Colindres, Edward E. Walsh, Mary C. Walsh, Emmanuel B. Walter, Jessica L. Weidler, Yi H. Wu, Kinara S. Yang, Juan Luis Yrivarren Giorza, Arthur L. Zemanek, Kevin Zhang, Barry S. Zingman, Richard Gorman, Carmen A. Paez, Edith Swann, Simbarashe G. Takuva, Alex Greninger, Pavitra Roychoudhury, Robert W. Coombs, Keith R. Jerome, Flora Castellino, Xiaomi Tong, Corrina Pavetto, Teletha Gipson, Tina Tong, Marina Lee, James Zhou, Michael Fay, Kelly McQuarrie, Chimeremma Nnadi, Obiageli Sogbetun, Nina Ahmad, Ian De Proost, Cyrus Hoseyni, Paul Coplan, Najat Khan, Peter Ronco, Dawn Furey, Jodi Meck, Johan Vingerhoets, Boerries Brandenburg, Jerome Custers, Jenny Hendriks, Jarek Juraszek, Anne Marit de Groot, Griet Van Roey, Dirk Heerwegh, Ilse Van Dromme, Jorge F. Méndez Galván, Monica B. Carrascal, Adriana Sordo Duran, Laura Ruy Sanchez Guerrero, Martha Cecilia Gómora Madrid, Alejandro Quintín Barrat Hernández, Sharzhaad Molina Guizar, Denisse Alejandra González Estrada, Silvano Omar Martínez Pérez, Zindy Yazmín Zárate Hinojosa, Guillermo Miguel Ruiz-Palacios, Aurelio Cruz-Valdez, Janeth Pacheco-Flores, Anyela Lara, Secia Díaz-Miralrio, María José Reyes Fentanes, Jocelyn Zuleica Olmos Vega, Daniela Pineda Méndez, Karina Cano Martínez, Winniberg Stephany Alvarez León, Vida Veronica Ruiz Herrera, Eduardo Gabriel Vázquez Saldaña, Laura Julia Camacho Choza, Karen Sofia Vega Orozco, Sandra Janeth Ortega Domínguez, Jorge A. Chacón, Juan J. Rivera, Erika A. Cutz, Maricruz E. Ortegón, María I. Rivera, David Browder, Cortney Burch, Terri Moye, Paul Bondy, Lesley Browder, Rickey D. Manning, James W. Hurst, Rodney E. Sturgeon, Paul H. Wakefield, John A. Kirby, James Andersen, Szheckera Fearon, Rosa Negron, Amy Medina, John M. Hill, Vivek Rajasekhar, Hayes Williams, LaShondra Cade, Rhodna Fouts, Connie Moya, Corey G. Anderson, Naomi Devine, James Ramsey, Ashley Perez, David Tatelbaum, Michael Jacobs, Kathleen Menasche, Vincent Mirkil, Peter J. Winkle, Amina Z. Haggag, Michelle Haynes, Marysol Villegas, Sabina Raja, Robert Riesenberg, Stanford Plavin, Mark Lerman, Leana Woodside, Maria Johnson, C. Mary Healy, Jennifer A. Whitaker, Wendy A. Keitel, Robert L. Atmar, Gary Horwith, Robin Mason, Lisa Johnson, Tambra Dora, Deborah Murray, Logan Ledbetter, Beverly Ewing, Kathryn E. Stephenson, Chen S. Tan, Rebecca Zash, Jessica L. Ansel, Kate Jaegle, Caitlin J. Guiney, Jeffrey A. Henderson, Marcia O'Leary, Kendra Enright, Jill Kessler, Pete Ducheneaux, Asha Inniss, Donald M. Brandon, William B. Davis, Daniel T. Lawler, Yaa D. Oppong, Ryan P. Starr, Scott N. Syndergaard, Rozeli Shelly, Mashrur Islam Majumder, Danny Sugimoto, Jeffrey Dugas, Sr., Dolores Rijos, Sandra Shelton, Stephan Hong, Howard Schwartz, Nelia Sanchez-Crespo, Jennifer Schwartz, Terry Piedra, Barbara Corral, Carmen Medina, Michael E. Dever, Mitul Shah, Michael Delgado, Tameika Scott, Lisa S. Usdan, Lora J. McGill, Valerie K. Arnold, Carolyn Scatamacchia, Codi M. Anthony, Rajan Merchant, Anelgine C. Yoon, Janet Hill, Lucy Ng-Price, Teri Thompson-Seim, Ronald Ackerman, Jamie Ackerman, Florida Aristy, Nzeera Ketter, Jon Finley, Mildred Stull, Monica Murray, Zainab Rizvi, Sonia Guerrero, Yogesh K. Paliwal, Amit Paliwal, Sarah Gordon, Bryan Gordon, Cynthia Montano-Pereira, Christopher Galloway, Candice Montros, Lily Aleman, Samira Shairi, Wesley Van Ever, George H. Freeman, Esther L. Harmon, Marshall A. Cross, Kacie Sales, Catherine Q. Gular, Matthew Hepburn, Nathan Alderson, Shana Harshell, Siham Mahgoub, Celia Maxwell, Thomas Mellman, Karl M. Thompson, Glenn Wortman, Jeff Kingsley, April Pixler, LaKondria Curry, Sarah Afework, Austin Swanson, Jeffry Jacqmein, Maggie Bowers, Dawn Robison, Victoria Mosteller, Janet Garvey, Mary Easley, Rebecca J. Kurnat, Raymond Cornelison, Shanda Gower, William Schnitz, Destiny S. Heinzig-Cartwright, Derek Lewis, Fred E. Newton, Aeiress Duhart, Breanz Watkins, Brandy Ball, Jill York, Shelby Pickle, David B. Musante, William P. Silver, Linda R. Belhorn, Nicholas A. Viens, David Dellaero, Priti Patel, Kendra Lisec, Beth Safirstein, Luz Zapata, Lazaro Gonzalez, Evelyn Quevedo, Farah Irani, Joseph Grillo, Amy Potts, Julie White, Patrick Flume, Gary Headden, Brandie Taylor, Ashley Warden, Amy Chamberlain, Robert Jeanfreau, Susan Jeanfreau, Paul G. Matherne, Amy Caldwell, Jessica Stahl, Mandy Vowell, Lauren Newhouse, Vladimir Berthaud, Zudi-Mwak Takizala, Genevieve Beninati, Kimberly Snell, Sherrie Baker, James Walker, Tavane Harrison, Meagan Miller, Janet Otto, Roni Gray, Christine Wilson, Tiffany Nemecek, Hannah Harrington, Sally Eppenbach, Wendell Lewis, Tana Bourgeois, Lyndsea Folsom, Gregory Holt, Mehdi Mirsaeidi, Rafael Calderon, Paola Lichtenberger, Jalima Quintero, Becky Martinez, Lilly Immergluck, Erica Johnson, Austin Chan, Norberto Fas, LaTeshia Thomas-Seaton, Saadia Khizer, Jonathan Staben, Tatiana Beresnev, Maryam Jahromi, Mary A. Marovich, Julia Hutter, Martha Nason, Julie Ledgerwood, John Mascola, Mark Leibowitz, Fernanda Morales, Mike Delgado, Rosario Sanchez, Norma Vega, Germán Áñez, Gary Albert, Erin Coston, Chinar Desai, Haoua Dunbar, Mark Eickhoff, Jenina Garcia, Margaret Kautz, Angela Lee, Maggie Lewis, Alice McGarry, Irene McKnight, Joy Nelson, Patrick Newingham, Patty Price-Abbott, Patty Reed, Diana Vegas, Bethanie Wilkinson, Katherine Smith, Wayne Woo, Iksung Cho, Gregory M. Glenn, Filip Dubovsky, David L. Fried, Lynne A. Haughey, Ariana C. Stanton, Lisa Stevens Rameaka, David Rosenberg, Lee Tomatsu, Viviana Gonzalez, Millie Manalo, Bernard Grunstra, Donald Quinn, Phillip Claybrook, Shelby Olds, Amy Dye, Kevin D. Cannon, Mesha M. Chadwick, Bailey Jordan, Morgan Hussey, Hannah Nevarez, Colleen F. Kelley, Michael Chung, Caitlin Moran, Paulina Rebolledo, Christina Bacher, Elizabeth Barranco-Santana, Jessica Rodriguez, Rafael Mendoza, Karen Ruperto, Odette Olivieri, Enrique Ocaña, Paul E. Wylie, Renea Henderson, Natasa Jenson, Fan Yang, Amy Kelley, Kenneth Finkelstein, David Beckmann, Tanya Hutchins, Sebastian Garcia Escallon, Kristen Johnson, Teresa S. Sligh, Parul Desai, Vincent Huynh, Carlos Lopez, Erika Mendoza, Jeffrey Adelglass, Jerome G. Naifeh, Kristine J. Kucera, Waseem Chughtai, Shireen H. Jaffer, Matthew G. Davis, Jennifer Foley, Michelle L. Burgett, Tammi L. Shlotzhauer, Sarah M. Ingalsbe-Geno, Daniel Duncanson, Kelly Kush, Lori Nesbitt, Cora Sonnier, Jennifer McCarter, Michael B. Butcher, James Fry, Donna Percy, Karen Freudemann, Bruce C. Gebhardt, Padma N. Mangu, Debra B. Schroeck, Rajesh K. Davit, Gayle D. Hennekes, Benjamin J. Luft, Melissa Carr, Sharon Nachman, Alison Pellecchia, Candace Smith, Bruno Valenti, Maria I. Bermudez, Noris Peraita, Ernesto Delgado, Alicia Arrazcaeta, Natalie Ramirez, Carmen Amador, Horacio Marafioti, Lyly Dang, Lauren Clement, Jennifer Berry, Mohammed Allaw, Georgettea Geuss, Chelsea Miles, Zachary Bittner, Melody Werne, Cornell Calinescu, Shannon Rodman, Joshua Rindt, Erin Cooksey, Kristina Harrison, Deanna Cooper, Manisha Horton, Amanda Philyaw, William Jennings, Hilario Alvarado, Michele Baka, Malina Regalado, Linda Murray, Sherif Naguib, Justin Singletary, Sha-Wanda Richmond, Sarah Omodele, Emily Oppenheim, Reuben Martinez, Victoria Andriulis, Leonard Singer, Jeanne Blevins, Meagan Thomas, Christine Hull, Isabel Pereira, Gina Rivero, Tracy Okonya, Frances Downing, Paulina Miller, Margaret Rhee, Katherine Stapleton, Jeffrey Klein, Rosamond Hong, Suzanne Swan, Tami Wahlin, Elizabeth Bennett, Amy Salzl, Sharine Phan, Jewel J. White, Amanda Occhino, Ruth Paiano, Morgan McLaughlin, Elisa Swieboda, Veronica Garcia-Fragoso, Maria G. Becerra, Toni White, Christine B. Turley, Andrew McWilliams, Tiffany Esinhart, Natasha Montoya, Shamika Huskey, Leena Paul, Karen Tashima, Jennie Johnson, Marguerite Neill, Martha Sanchez, Natasha Rybak, Maria Mileno, Stuart H. Cohen, Monica Ruiz, Dean M. Boswell, Elizabeth E. Robison, Trina L. Reynolds, Sonja Neumeister, Carmen D. Zorrilla, Juana Rivera, Jessica Ibarra, Iris García, Dianca Sierra, Wanda Ramon, Suzanne Fiorillo, Rebecca Pitotti, Victoria R. Anderson, Jose Castillo Mancilla, Nga Le, Patricia L. Winokur, Dilek Ince, Theresa Hegmann, Jeffrey Meier, Jack Stapleton, Laura Stulken, Monica McArthur, Andrea Berry, Milagritos Tapia, Elizabeth Hammershaimb, Toni Robinson, Rosa MacBryde, Susan Kline, Joanne L. Billings, Winston Cavert, Les B. Forgosh, Timothy W. Schacker, Tyler D. Bold, Dima Dandachi, Taylor Nelson, Andres Bran, Grant Geiger, S. Hasan Naqvi, Diana F. Florescu, Richard Starlin, David Kline, Andrea Zimmer, Anum Abbas, Natasha Wilson, Joseph J. Eron, Michael Sciaudone, A. Lina Rosengren, John S. Kizer, Sarah E. Rutstein, Elizabeth Bruce, Claudia Espinosa, Lisa J. Sanders, Kami Kim, Denise Casey, Barbara S. Taylor, Thomas Patterson, Ruth S. Pinilla, Delia Bullock, Philip Ponce, Jan Patterson, R. Scott McClelland, Dakotah C. Lane, Anna Wald, Frank James, Elizabeth Duke, Kirsten Hauge, Jessica Heimonen, Erin A. Goecker, Youyi Fong, Carol Kauffman, Kathleen Linder, Kimberly Nofz, Andrew McConnell, Robert J. Buynak, Angella Webb, Taryn Petty, Stephanie Andree, Erica Sanchez, Nolan Mackey, Clarisse Baudelaire, Sarah Dzigiel, Adrienna Marquez, Kim Quillin, Michelle King, Vanessa Abad, Jennifer Knowles, Michael Waters, Karla Zepeda, Jordan Coslet, Dalia Tovar, Marian E. Shaw, Mark A. Turner, Cory J. Huffine, Esther S. Huffine, Julie A. Ake, Elizabeth Secord, Eric McGrath, Phillip Levy, Brittany Stewart, Charnell Cromer, Ayanna Walters, Grant Ellsworth, Caroline Greene, Sarah Galloway, Shashi Kapadia, Elliot DeHaan, Clint Wilson, Jason Milligan, Danielle Raley, Joseph Bocchini, Bruce McClenathan, Mary Hussain, Evelyn Lomasney, Evelyn Hall, Sherry Lamberth, Christy Schmeck, Vickie Leathers, Deborah A. Theodore, Angela R. Branche, Daniel S. Graciaa, Timothy J. Hatlen, Jacqueline Miller, Jerald Sadoff, Ann R. Falsey, and Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk

Subjects
COVID-19, Natural infection, Hybrid immunity, Vaccination, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health.

Published
2023
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263. Transformer-based biomarker prediction from colorectal cancer histology: A large-scale multicentric study

Author

Church, David, Domingo, Enric, Edwards, Joanne, Glimelius, Bengt, Gogenur, Ismail, Harkin, Andrea, Hay, Jen, Iveson, Timothy, Jaeger, Emma, Kelly, Caroline, Kerr, Rachel, Maka, Noori, Morgan, Hannah, Oien, Karin, Orange, Clare, Palles, Claire, Roxburgh, Campbell, Sansom, Owen, Saunders, Mark, Tomlinson, Ian, Wagner, Sophia J., Reisenbüchler, Daniel, West, Nicholas P., Niehues, Jan Moritz, Zhu, Jiefu, Foersch, Sebastian, Veldhuizen, Gregory Patrick, Quirke, Philip, Grabsch, Heike I., van den Brandt, Piet A., Hutchins, Gordon G.A., Richman, Susan D., Yuan, Tanwei, Langer, Rupert, Jenniskens, Josien C.A., Offermans, Kelly, Mueller, Wolfram, Gray, Richard, Gruber, Stephen B., Greenson, Joel K., Rennert, Gad, Bonner, Joseph D., Schmolze, Daniel, Jonnagaddala, Jitendra, Hawkins, Nicholas J., Ward, Robyn L., Morton, Dion, Seymour, Matthew, Magill, Laura, Nowak, Marta, Hay, Jennifer, Koelzer, Viktor H., Church, David N., Matek, Christian, Geppert, Carol, Peng, Chaolong, Zhi, Cheng, Ouyang, Xiaoming, James, Jacqueline A., Loughrey, Maurice B., Salto-Tellez, Manuel, Brenner, Hermann, Hoffmeister, Michael, Truhn, Daniel, Schnabel, Julia A., Boxberg, Melanie, Peng, Tingying, and Kather, Jakob Nikolas

Published
2023
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264. On the mixing length eddies and logarithmic mean velocity profile in wall turbulence

Author

Heisel, Michael, de Silva, Charitha M., Hutchins, Nicholas, Marusic, Ivan, and Guala, Michele

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

Since the introduction of the logarithmic law of the wall more than 80 years ago, the equation for the mean velocity profile in turbulent boundary layers has been widely applied to model near-surface processes and parameterise surface drag. Yet the hypothetical turbulent eddies proposed in the original logarithmic law derivation and mixing length theory of Prandtl have never been conclusively linked to physical features in the flow. Here, we present evidence that suggests these eddies correspond to regions of coherent streamwise momentum known as uniform momentum zones (UMZs). The arrangement of UMZs results in a step-like shape for the instantaneous velocity profile, and the smooth mean profile results from the average UMZ properties, which are shown to scale with the friction velocity and wall-normal distance in the logarithmic region. These findings are confirmed across a wide range of Reynolds number and surface roughness conditions from the laboratory scale to the atmospheric surface layer., Comment: Version 2 includes a new title and minor edits for clarification based on peer review. No changes were made to the primary results and conclusions. Version 3 corrected two important typos in the text related to the results

Published
2019
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266. Heat transfer in rough-wall turbulent thermal convection in the ultimate regime

Author

MacDonald, Michael, Hutchins, Nicholas, Lohse, Detlef, and Chung, Daniel

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

Heat and momentum transfer in wall-bounded turbulent flow, coupled with the effects of wall-roughness, is one of the outstanding questions in turbulence research. In the standard Rayleigh-B\'enard problem for natural thermal convection, it is notoriously difficult to reach the so-called ultimate regime in which the near-wall boundary layers are turbulent. Following the analyses proposed by Kraichnan [Phys. Fluids vol 5., pp. 1374-1389 (1962)] and Grossmann & Lohse [Phys. Fluids vol. 23, pp. 045108 (2011)], we instead utilize recent direct numerical simulations of forced convection over a rough wall in a minimal channel [MacDonald, Hutchins & Chung, J. Fluid Mech. vol. 861, pp. 138--162 (2019)] to directly study these turbulent boundary layers. We focus on the heat transport (in dimensionless form, the Nusselt number $Nu$) or equivalently the heat transfer coefficient (the Stanton number $C_h$). Extending the analyses of Kraichnan and Grossmann & Lohse, we assume logarithmic temperature profiles with a roughness-induced shift to predict an effective scaling of $Nu \sim Ra^{0.42}$, where $Ra$ is the dimensionless temperature difference, corresponding to $C_h \sim Re^{-0.16}$, where $Re$ is the centerline Reynolds number. This is pronouncedly different from the skin-friction coefficient $C_f$, which in the fully rough turbulent regime is independent of $Re$, due to the dominant pressure drag. In rough-wall turbulence the absence of the analog to pressure drag in the temperature advection equation is the origin for the very different scaling properties of the heat transfer as compared to the momentum transfer. This analysis suggests that, unlike momentum transfer, the asymptotic ultimate regime, where $Nu\sim Ra^{1/2}$, will never be reached for heat transfer at finite $Ra$., Comment: Accepted (In press) as a Rapid Communication in Physical Review Fluids

Published
2019

268. Coupling of Wideband Impulses Generated by Granular Chains into Liquids

Author

Harput, S., Freear, S., Gelat, P., Saffari, N., Yang, J., Akanji, O., Thomas, P. J., and Hutchins, D. A.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

An ultrasonic transducer technology to generate wideband impulses using a one-dimensional chain of spheres was previously presented. The Hertzian contact between the spheres causes the nonlinearity of the system to increase, which transforms high amplitude narrowband sinusoidal input into a train of wideband impulses. Generation of short duration ultrasonic pulses is desirable both in diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound. Nevertheless, the biggest challenge in terms of adaptation to biomedical ultrasound is the coupling of the ultrasonic energy into biological tissue. An analytical model was created to address the coupling issue. Effect of the matching layer was modelled as a flexible thin plate clamped from the edges. Model was verified against hydrophone measurements. Different coupling materials, such as glass, aluminium, acrylic, silicon rubber, and vitreous carbon, was analysed with this model. Results showed that soft matching layers such as acrylic and rubber inhibit the generation of higher order harmonics. Between the hard matching materials, vitreous carbon achieved the best results due to its acoustic impedance.

Published
2019

269. Profiling Extracellular Long RNA Transcriptome in Human Plasma and Extracellular Vesicles for Biomarker Discovery.

Author

Rodosthenous, Rodosthenis, Hutchins, Elizabeth, Reiman, Rebecca, Yeri, Ashish, Srinivasan, Srimeenakshi, Whitsett, Timothy, Ghiran, Ionita, Silverman, Michael, Van Keuren-Jensen, Kendall, Das, Saumya, and Laurent, Louise

Subjects
Medical Laboratory Technology, Omics, Transcriptomics
Abstract

The recent discovery of extracellular RNAs in blood, including RNAs in extracellular vesicles (EVs), combined with low-input RNA-sequencing advances have enabled scientists to investigate their role in human disease. To date, most studies have been focusing on small RNAs, and methodologies to optimize long RNAs measurement are lacking. We used plasma RNA to assess the performance of six long RNA sequencing methods, at two different sites, and we report their differences in reads (%) mapped to the genome/transcriptome, number of genes detected, long RNA transcript diversity, and reproducibility. Using the best performing method, we further compare the profile of long RNAs in the EV- and no-EV-enriched RNA plasma compartments. These results provide insights on the performance and reproducibility of commercially available kits in assessing the landscape of long RNAs in human plasma and different extracellular RNA carriers that may be exploited for biomarker discovery.

Published
2020

270. Aged garlic extract reduces left ventricular myocardial mass in patients with diabetes: A prospective randomized controlled double-blind study.

Author

Hutchins, Elizabeth, Shaikh, Kashif, Kinninger, April, Cherukuri, Lavanya, Birudaraju, Divya, Mao, Song Shou, Nakanishi, Rine, Almeida, Shone, Jayawardena, Eranthi, Shekar, Chandana, Flores, Fredinand, Hamal, Sajad, Sheikh, Salman, Johanis, Amit, Cu, Benedict, Trad, George, and Budoff, Matthew J

Subjects
blood pressure, garlic, left ventricular hypertrophy, nutrition, Heart Disease, Clinical Research, Diabetes, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Aging, Cardiovascular, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetics
Abstract

Increased left ventricular myocardial mass (LVM) is a well known prognostic marker of poor cardiac outcomes. Decreases in LVM have been shown to decrease the cardiovascular risk. Aged garlic extract (AGE) has been shown to have an overall favorable effect on cardiac health; however, to the best of our knowledge, no study to date has specifically examined its effects on left ventricular mass. This study investigated whether AGE can affect LVM measured by cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). This is a double-blind, placebo controlled randomized trial. In total, 65 participants with DM with a mean age of 58 years were prospectively assigned to consume 2,400 mg AGE/day or the placebo orally. Both groups underwent CCTA at baseline and follow-up at 1 year apart. LVM was measured using automated software. The baseline characteristics did not differ between the AGE and placebo groups. There was a trend towards a significant reduction in LVM at follow-up as compared to baseline in the AGE group (119.30±34.77 vs. 121.0±34.70, P=0.059). No change was observed in LVM in the placebo group at 1-year follow-up as compared to baseline (124.6±37.33 vs. 124.6±35.13, P=0.9). On the whole, this study indicated that AGE may decrease or stabilize LVM. Further studies however, with a larger sample size and longer follow-up times are required to evaluate the effects of AGE on hypertension and LVM.

Published
2020

271. Bimodal function of chromatin remodeler Hmga1 in neural crest induction and Wnt-dependent emigration

Author

Gandhi, Shashank, Hutchins, Erica J, Maruszko, Krystyna, Park, Jong H, Thomson, Matthew, and Bronner, Marianne E

Subjects
Genetics, Neurosciences, Biotechnology, Stem Cell Research, Pediatric, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Underpinning research, Animals, Avian Proteins, Cell Movement, Chick Embryo, Chickens, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly, HMGA Proteins, Neural Crest, Wnt Signaling Pathway, Wnt signaling, cell migration, chicken, chromatin remodeler, developmental biology, neural crest, specification, Biochemistry and Cell Biology
Abstract

During gastrulation, neural crest cells are specified at the neural plate border, as characterized by Pax7 expression. Using single-cell RNA sequencing coupled with high-resolution in situ hybridization to identify novel transcriptional regulators, we show that chromatin remodeler Hmga1 is highly expressed prior to specification and maintained in migrating chick neural crest cells. Temporally controlled CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockouts uncovered two distinct functions of Hmga1 in neural crest development. At the neural plate border, Hmga1 regulates Pax7-dependent neural crest lineage specification. At premigratory stages, a second role manifests where Hmga1 loss reduces cranial crest emigration from the dorsal neural tube independent of Pax7. Interestingly, this is rescued by stabilized ß-catenin, thus implicating Hmga1 as a canonical Wnt activator. Together, our results show that Hmga1 functions in a bimodal manner during neural crest development to regulate specification at the neural plate border, and subsequent emigration from the neural tube via canonical Wnt signaling.

Published
2020

272. Developing a 'Sponge Catchment Management Plan (SCMP)' framework at the catchment scale: The case of Guiyang, SW China

Author

Yunfei Qi, Faith Ka Shun Chan, Meili Feng, James Griffiths, Michael Hutchins, Emily O'Donnell, Colin Thorne, Lingyun Liu, Chunguang Zhang, and Xinan Li

Subjects
Catchment Flood Management (CFM), Catchment Flood Management Plans (CFMPs), Guiyang, Natural Flood Management (NFM), Sponge Catchment Management Plan (SCMP), Sponge City Program (SCP), Oceanography, GC1-1581, River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General), TC401-506
Abstract

Abstract Catchment floods are more challenging due to intensive urbanization and climate change. Enlightened by the Low Impact Development (LID), China initiated the Sponge City Program (SCP) to transform Urban Flood Management (UFM) to be more environmentally friendly in 2013. The China National Government (CNG) has subsidized municipal SCP facilities to enhance urban flood resilience while delivering multiple co‐benefits for urban ecosystems and social well‐being. Recent floods at Schleiden (Germany), Arizona State (USA), and Zhengzhou (China) in 2021 reflected the necessity of Catchment Flood Management (CFM) to cover the whole catchment scale. The SCP, designed to handle small‐scale urban pluvial floods, has brought concerns when facing larger‐scale fluvial floods after the Zhengzhou 2021 flood. Indeed, catchment‐scale Natural Flood Management (NFM) can manage fluvial floods while improving flood adaptations sustainably from upstream to downstream reaches. This research develops a new framework named the Sponge Catchment Management Plan (SCMP), including structural and Nonstructural elements. On the structural side, the SCMP framework integrates NFM with the SCP and Grey Engineering (GE) for reducing the fluvial flood discharge peaks in the whole‐catchment scale. On the nonstructural side, the SCMP encourages collaborative governance, revising technical standards, and improving “bottom‐up” participation. This research used Semi‐Structured Interviews (SSIs) and a Focus Group Approach (FGA) to explore 62 professional and Nonprofessional stakeholders’ perspectives on the SCMP framework. Some professional respondents did not know much about the NFM and were worried about the effectiveness of this practice. But most interviewees supported the SCMP pilot work and shared the co‐benefits from the NFM. This case study at the SW China, Guiyang, could be a lesson to encourage other Chinese cities further implement SCP to improve catchment‐scale flood resilience.

Published
2023
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273. Importance of mobile genetic element immunity in numerically abundant Trichodesmium clades

Author

Eric A. Webb, Noelle A. Held, Yiming Zhao, Elaina D. Graham, Asa E. Conover, Jake Semones, Michael D. Lee, Yuanyuan Feng, Fei-xue Fu, Mak A. Saito, and David A. Hutchins

Subjects
Microbial ecology, QR100-130
Abstract

Abstract The colony-forming cyanobacteria Trichodesmium spp. are considered one of the most important nitrogen-fixing genera in the warm, low nutrient ocean. Despite this central biogeochemical role, many questions about their evolution, physiology, and trophic interactions remain unanswered. To address these questions, we describe Trichodesmium pangenomic potential via significantly improved genomic assemblies from two isolates and 15 new >50% complete Trichodesmium metagenome-assembled genomes from hand-picked, Trichodesmium colonies spanning the Atlantic Ocean. Phylogenomics identified ~four N2 fixing clades of Trichodesmium across the transect, with T. thiebautii dominating the colony-specific reads. Pangenomic analyses showed that all T. thiebautii MAGs are enriched in COG defense mechanisms and encode a vertically inherited Type III-B Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and associated protein-based immunity system (CRISPR-Cas). Surprisingly, this CRISPR-Cas system was absent in all T. erythraeum genomes, vertically inherited by T. thiebautii, and correlated with increased signatures of horizontal gene transfer. Additionally, the system was expressed in metaproteomic and transcriptomic datasets and CRISPR spacer sequences with 100% identical hits to field-assembled, putative phage genome fragments were identified. While the currently CO2-limited T. erythraeum is expected to be a ‘winner’ of anthropogenic climate change, their genomic dearth of known phage resistance mechanisms, compared to T. thiebautii, could put this outcome in question. Thus, the clear demarcation of T. thiebautii maintaining CRISPR-Cas systems, while T. erythraeum does not, identifies Trichodesmium as an ecologically important CRISPR-Cas model system, and highlights the need for more research on phage-Trichodesmium interactions.

Published
2023
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274. The Kansas law of water rights

Author

Hutchins, Wells A. and Hutchins, Wells A.

Subjects
Water rights Kansas., Water Law and legislation Kansas., Droits sur les eaux Kansas., Water Law and legislation., Water rights., Kansas.
Published
2024

275. Breastfeeding Duration and Reported Child Maltreatment in a Population-based Alaskan Birth Cohort

Author

Hutchins, Helena J., Harley, Kim G., Wallenborn, Jordyn T., Abrams, Barbara, Reno, Rebecca, and Parrish, Jared W.

Subjects
Breast feeding -- Psychological aspects, Child abuse -- Statistics, Family and marriage
Abstract

Research suggests that breastfeeding may reduce child maltreatment risk. Alaska has high rates of both breastfeeding initiation and maltreatment reports to Child Protective Services (CPS). The present study assessed any and exclusive breastfeeding duration and child maltreatment reports to CPS among Alaskan mother-infant dyads, controlling for demographics and shared risk factors. We used a prospective, population-representative dataset linking 2009-2011 Alaska Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data with 2009-2016 Alaska CPS and administrative state data (n = 3,459). Breastfeeding duration was derived from PRAMS breastfeeding questions and categorized as never, < 1 weeks, 1-9 weeks, and [greater than or equal to] 10 weeks. Age at first report of maltreatment to Alaska CPS included physical or sexual abuse, neglect, or mental injury. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for confounders. There was no increase in risk of maltreatment report among children never breastfed compared to those breastfed for [greater than or equal to] 10 weeks. Risk of maltreatment report during the observation period was 1.7 times as high among children breastfed for < 1 week (CI: 1.06, 2.73), and 1.5 times as high among those breastfed for 1-9 weeks (CI: 1.17, 1.80), compared to those breastfed for [greater than or equal to] 10 weeks. Estimates were attenuated for exclusive breastfeeding. Feeding method did not predict maltreatment reports in this population. Among mothers who initiated breastfeeding, shorter duration was associated with elevated risk of maltreatment reports. Addressing factors that facilitate or prohibit sustained breastfeeding may reduce risk of child maltreatment reports., Author(s): Helena J. Hutchins [sup.1] , Kim G. Harley [sup.1] , Jordyn T. Wallenborn [sup.1] , Barbara Abrams [sup.1] [sup.2] , Rebecca Reno [sup.1] , Jared W. Parrish [sup.3] Author [...]

Published
2022
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276. Exploring Faculty and Staff Development of Cultural Competence through Communicative Learning in an Online Diversity Course

Author

Hutchins, Darvelle and Goldstein Hode, Marlo

Abstract

Given that racial and ethnic minorities will comprise the majority of the U.S. demographic population by the 2050s, it is imperative that faculty and staff develop a level of cultural competence to effectively provide all students with a well-rounded classroom learning experience suitable for an increasingly diverse workforce. Previous research has suggested online learning as one effective way to engage university faculty and staff in their development of cultural competence in spite of time and resources constraints. However, little is known about the types of communicative processes in computer-mediated learning spaces that allow for transformative learning. In this qualitative research study, we draw on Mezirow's transformative learning theory to explore how cultural competence is developed as faculty and staff interact and share stories about their experiences, perspectives, and beliefs in relation to other racial and ethnic groups. A key finding in our study is that faculty and staff reported having a better understanding of unconscious bias, microaggressions, and privilege, as well as a desire to take action to help ensure a more inclusive environment in their professional and personal spheres of influence. This study yields valuable insights for academics, diversity and inclusion educators, and practitioners alike.

Published
2021
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282. The biogeochemical balance of oceanic nickel cycling

Author

John, Seth G., Kelly, Rachel L., Bian, Xiaopeng, Fu, Feixue, Smith, M. Isabel, Lanning, Nathan T., Liang, Hengdi, Pasquier, Benoît, Seelen, Emily A., Holzer, Mark, Wasylenki, Laura, Conway, Tim M., Fitzsimmons, Jessica N., Hutchins, David A., and Yang, Shun-Chung

Published
2022
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284. Women in Supramolecular Chemistry

Author

Leigh, Jennifer, primary, Jolliffe, Katrina (Kate), primary, Hiscock, Jennifer, additional, McConnell, Anna, additional, Haynes, Cally, additional, Caltagirone, Claudia, additional, Kieffer, Marion, additional, Draper, Emily, additional, Slater, Anna, additional, Krbek, Larissa von, additional, Hutchins, Kristin, additional, Watkins, Davita, additional, Busschaert, Nathalie, additional, and Hardie, Michaele, additional

Published
2023
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286. Encrypted federated learning for secure decentralized collaboration in cancer image analysis.

Author

Daniel Truhn, Soroosh Tayebi Arasteh, Oliver Lester Saldanha, Gustav Müller-Franzes, Firas Khader, Philip Quirke, Nicholas P. West, Richard Gray 0005, Gordon G. A. Hutchins, Jacqueline A. James, Maurice B. Loughrey, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Hermann Brenner, Alexander Brobeil, Tanwei Yuan, Jenny Chang-Claude, Michael Hoffmeister, Sebastian Foersch, Tianyu Han, Sebastian Keil, Maximilian Schulze-Hagen, Peter Isfort, Philipp Bruners, Georgios Kaissis, Christiane Kuhl, Sven Nebelung, and Jakob Nikolas Kather

Published
2024
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290. Improving Automated Evaluation of Formative Assessments with Text Data Augmentation

Author

Cochran, Keith, Cohn, Clayton, Hutchins, Nicole, Biswas, Gautam, Hastings, Peter, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Rodrigo, Maria Mercedes, editor, Matsuda, Noburu, editor, Cristea, Alexandra I., editor, and Dimitrova, Vania, editor

Published
2022
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296. Two-year change in latent classes of comorbidity among high-risk Veterans in primary care: a brief report

Author

Franya Hutchins, Joshua Thorpe, Xinhua Zhao, Hongwei Zhang, and Ann-Marie Rosland

Subjects
Multiple chronic conditions, Multimorbidity, Latent class analysis, Patient care management, Quality improvement, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Segmentation models such as latent class analysis are an increasingly popular approach to inform group-tailored interventions for high-risk complex patients. Multiple studies have identified clinically meaningful high-risk segments, but few have evaluated change in groupings over time. Objectives To describe population-level and individual change over time in latent comorbidity groups among Veterans at high-risk of hospitalization in the Veterans Health Administration (VA). Research design Using a repeated cross-sectional design, we conducted a latent class analysis of chronic condition diagnoses. We compared latent class composition, patient high-risk status, and patient class assignment in 2018 to 2020. Subjects Two cohorts of eligible patients were selected: those active in VA primary care and in the top decile of predicted one-year hospitalization risk in 2018 (n = 951,771) or 2020 (n = 978,771). Measures Medical record data were observed from January 2016–December 2020. Latent classes were modeled using indicators for 26 chronic health conditions measured with a 2-year lookback period from study entry. Results Five groups were identified in both years, labeled based on high prevalence conditions: Cardiometabolic (23% in 2018), Mental Health (18%), Substance Use Disorders (16%), Low Diagnosis (25%), and High Complexity (10%). The remaining 8% of 2018 patients were not assigned to a group due to low predicted probability. Condition prevalence overall and within groups was stable between years. However, among the 563,725 patients identified as high risk in both years, 40.8% (n = 230,185) had a different group assignment in 2018 versus 2020. Conclusions In a repeated latent class analysis of nearly 1 million Veterans at high-risk for hospitalization, population-level groups were stable over two years, but individuals often moved between groups. Interventions tailored to latent groups need to account for change in patient status and group assignment over time.

Published
2022
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300. Counterrealisation : architectural ideology from plan to project

Author

Orr, William Hutchins

Subjects
720.1
Abstract

This thesis constructs a genealogy of contemporary notions of architectural politics, through theoretical and disciplinary premises which have been inherited, consciously and unconsciously, from the 1960s and 1970s. In particular it focuses on currents within Italian political theory and historiography, which have been central to the development of self-reflexive discourses on the political possibilities and cultural agency of architecture over the past fifty years. Despite their prominence, these currents have a highly ambiguous relationship with the discipline to which they became linked. This can be seen clearly in the case of historian and theorist Manfredo Tafuri, whose work established the point of entry by which Western Marxist and Critical Theory perspectives confronted problems unique to the history of architecture. Over time, however, and through complex mediations, Tafuri's work became internalised, its critical challenge integrated into a new institutional formation. The significance of this reversal can be difficult to assess, both from within architectural discourse proper and from the above extra-disciplinary perspectives, for it falls within a shadow cast by the unique position "architecture" occupies within the larger field of cultural production and its critique. As the disciplinary agency of the architectural institution changed following the shifting conditions of modern development, the valence of architectural politics has changed as well, moving toward an increasingly negative or "critical" relation to the economic register from the late 1960s onward. The thesis constructs a definition of the resulting ideological notion-the "Project"-by which the architectural institution maintains its disciplinary autonomy, while laying claim to continued, or even increased, political agency. Such shifts of architectural ideology highlight the problematic position of critical and cultural practices within the political history of the twentieth and twenty-first century, demonstrating their ambivalence concerning the transition of Western capital into and then out of social democratic "planning." As a contribution to the history and theory of architecture, the thesis hones the critical and theoretical tools by which the ideological character of contemporary architecture can be understood. It constructs a periodisation that places this material within the larger historical trajectory of the architectural discipline, from the historical avant-gardes, through the Modern Movement, the neo-avant-garde, and the "post-critical," to the present period of re-politicisation. However, it also illustrates the significance of architecture's modern history to the larger debate concerning the political role of cultural production. A crucial figure in architectural discourse, Manfredo Tafuri's larger significance to cultural criticism is expounded in the thesis. Conceptual and methodological results demonstrate the limitations of prevailing notions of "immanent critique," when faced with contradictions revealed by the architectural case. Such contradictions return today with ever greater force when cultural agents, within architecture and without, seek to renew the bases of their agency in the face of political and economic crises without addressing this complex inheritance.

Published
2019
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