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Supplementary Figure from Cigarette Smoke Containing Acrolein Contributes to Cisplatin Resistance in Human Bladder Cancers through the Regulation of HER2 Pathway or FGFR3 Pathway

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Introduction Akabane virus (AKAV) has been detected in a variety of host species in China, but there are only limited records of its occurrence in goats. However, more attention needs to be paid to understanding the diversity of viruses in this species. The aim of the study was to explore the genotype characteristics and variation trend of AKAV and their relationship with virulence in Yunnan, China. Material and Methods Blood samples were collected from goats during routine surveillance of goat diseases in Yunnan province in 2019. The AKAV CX-01 strain was isolated using BHK-21 cells. To understand pathogenicity, the virus was intraperitoneally (IP) and intracerebrally (IC) inoculated into suckling mice and tissue samples were subsequently analysed histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Results Akabane virus CX-01 strain induced encephalitis and impairment of the central nervous system with fatal consequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ORF sequences of the small segments indicated that the AKAV isolate used was most closely related to the GD18134/2018 Chinese midge and bovine NM BS/1strains, while phylogenetic analysis based on the medium segments showed a close relationship between CX-01 and the Chinese GLXCH01 strain. Conclusion The CX-01 isolate was related to AKAV genogroup Ia and probably originated from a recombination of different strains.

Although progress has been made in the design and synthesis of chiral lanthanide clusters with pleasing structural connections and special shapes, assembly rules that guide their directional construction are still lacking. We reacted R/S-mandelic acid hydrazide, 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and DyCl

We are the first to achieve the directional construction of chiral lanthanide clusters by regulating the hydroxyl coordination sites at different positions on the ligands by manipulating the annular growth mechanism.

Medisinstudiet i Norge er i dag regnet som et svært omfattende og krevende studie å gjennomføre. Dagens studieløp er lagt opp med mye fokus på egenlæring, hvor man jobber med teoretiske kasuser for å trene på pasientbehandling. Læringsformer som problembasert læring og klinisk trening er svært utbredt ved norske studiesteder, og det er opp til diskusjon om dette er læringsformer studentene opplever å få et utbytte av og som gjør dem til gode leger. Begrensning av ressurser til praktisk undervisning bidrar også til usikkerhet blant nyutdannede leger som føler de ikke har opparbeidet seg den nødvendige kompetansen som behøves i arbeidslivet. Oppstartsbedriften Zimmer Digital forsøker å bidra til kunnskap og ferdigheter ved å utvikle et digitalt læringsspill som skal bidra til studentenes læring. Bruken av slike seriøse spill i medisinutdanningen har enda ikke blitt en veletablert praksis i Norden, og det er både muligheter og skepsis knyttet til hvor effektive de kan være i å bedre læring. Gjennom både kvalitative og kvantitative undersøkelser og analyse, ønsker vi med denne oppgaven å besvare problemstillingen: “Hva skal til for at utviklingen av et digitalt læringsspill kan bidra til medisinstudentenes læring, og imøtekomme deres behov for å kunne utvikle ferdighetene sine innen pasientbehandling?”. Studien resulterte i flere funn. Blant annet kom det fram at det vil være vanskelig å utvikle læringsspill som dekker alle behov studentene har for å lære. Samtidig kan slike spill, dersom riktig funksjonalitet er på plass og spillet oppleves som brukervennlig, kunne bidra til dybdelæring i noen tilfeller. For at slike læringsspill skal ha et pedagogisk grunnlag og dermed kunne benyttes i undervisningssammenheng, er det viktig at spillene er utviklet med pedagogiske teorier og perspektiver som grunnlag. Det er derfor relevant at et slikt spill som Zimmer Digital utvikler forankrer innholdet i klinisk praksis, slik at det er muligheter for å implementere det i undervisningen og gi en større bredde i måtene å lære på. Education in medicine in Norway today is regarded as a very comprehensive and difficult study to complete. Teaching is focused on self-learning, where the students work on theoretical cases to practice their skills with regards to patient care. Different forms of learning such as problem based learning and clinical practice are quite common among Norwegian universities, and it is up to discussion whether these forms of learning actually give the students the competence they need to become good doctors. Limitations of resources to practical lessons also contributes to create an insecurity among the newly educated doctors who feel that they do not have the necessary competence needed at work. The startup Zimmer Digital is trying to address this need for knowledge by creating a digital serious game to help with the students learning. The usage of these types of games in the medicinal study is not yet a well established practice, with both possibilities and limitations in regards to how effective they actually are at bettering learning. Through both qualitative and quantitative surveys and analysis, we seek with this study to answer this problem: “What is required to make the development of a digital serious game help contribute to the medicine students learning, and accommodate their needs to develop their skills in regards to patient care?”. Our study resulted in several finds. Among others, it was discovered that it can be difficult to create serious games that covers all needs students have for learning. However, these types of games can, with correct functionality and user friendliness, contribute to deep learning. For these games to have an educational basis and thereby be used in a teaching context, it is important that the games are created with educational theories and perspectives as a basis. It is therefore relevant that a game such as the one Zimmer Digital develops, has educational theories as their basis to make it possible for the usage of the game in a learning environment and giving a larger width in the ways of learning.