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In this paper, the yrast bands of the even Ru isotopes are studied within the framework of the interacting boson model-1 (IBM-1), using the MATLAB computer code (IBM-1.Mat). The theoretical energy levels are obtained for the Ru isotopes, with neutron numbers 52 and 54, up to spin-parity 16 and 12, respectively. The ratio of the excitation energies of the first 4 to the first 2 excited states ( R ), the backbending curves and the potential energy surfaces are also calculated. The calculated and experimental R values show that the Ru nuclei have U(5) dynamic symmetry. The calculated energies of the yrast states are compared with experimental results and they are shown to be in good agreement with the data. The contour plots of the potential energy surfaces show two interesting nuclei having a slightly oblate but almost spherical vibrator-like character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interacting boson model (IBM-1) has been used to perform the moment of inertia of the nuclear structure of yrast bands of even-even 120-124Te isotopes. These values are found to be in agreement with previous experimental data. Moreover, IBM-1 was applied to study the systematic moment of inertia as a function of the even neutron number of 120-124Te isotopes. For even neutrons N= 68 to 72 of Te isotopes, nature properties of backbending were indicated from the analysis of the moment of inertia as a function of the square of the rotational angular velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inelastic electron scattering form factors for 29Si nucleus with total angular momentum and positive parity (Jπ) and excited energy (3/2+, 1.273 MeV; 5/2+, 2.028 MeV; 3/2+, 2.425 MeV and 7/2+, 4.079 MeV) have been calculated using higher energy configurations outside the sd-shell. The calculations of inelastic form factors up to the first- and second-order with and without core-polarization (CP) effects were compared with the available experimental data. The calculations of inelastic electron scattering form factors up to the first-order with CP effects are in agreement with the experimental data, excepted for states 3/2+(1.273 MeV) and 5/2+(2.028 MeV) and without this effect are failed for all states. Furthermore, the calculations of inelastic electron scattering form factors up to the second-order with CP effects are in agreement with the experimental data for 3/2+(1.273 MeV) and 5/2+(2.028 MeV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted in the field laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, to evaluate the efficacy of compost tea and poultry litter extract along with their economic feasibility of their usage in controlling bacterial wilt of brinjal under natural incidence condition. A significant variation was observed among the treatments on the incidence and severity of bacterial wilt in brinjal. The results showed that the lowest wilt incidence was recorded in T2(Compost tea as soil drenching), T5(Poultry litter as soil application) and T6(IPM Lab Biopesticide as soil application) while the highest wilt incidence was recorded in control treatment in both counting periods. Similar trend regarding the performance of these treatments was observed on the bacterial wilt severity of brinjal. The effects of compost tea and poultry litter extract on the growth and yield parameters of eggplant were observed to be significant. The results revealed that plant height, number of branches per plant, number of fruits per plant and fruit yield per ha were recorded as maximum in T2(Compost tea as soil drenching), followed by T5(Poultry litter as soil application) and T6(IPM Lab Biopesticide as soil application), while the minimum plant height, number of branches per plant, number of fruits per plant and fruit yield were recorded in control treatment (T1). The other treatments showed significant effect in increasing all the growth and yield parameters of brinjal as compared to control. Benefit cost analyses (BCR) showed that T6(IPM Lab Biopesticide as soil application) resulted in the highest BCR (99.21) as compared to control, followed by T7(BAU-Biofungicide as foliar spray) and T2(Compost tea as soil drenching) with BCR 35.7 and 19.5, respectively. The results indicated that an investment of Tk. 1.00 may lead to a profit up to Tk. 99.21 by soil application of IPM Lab Biopesticide which gave the maximum profit in the present study. T7(BAU-Biofungicide as foliar spray) followed T2(Compost tea as soil drenching) where the investment Tk. 1.00 returned a profit of Tk. 35.70 and Tk. 19.5, respectively. Soil drenching of compost tea showed comparatively lower BCR but the highest percent increase of gross margin was obtained when compost tea was applied as soil drench (T2). Therefore, it may be concluded that soil drenching of compost tea may be an alternative approach to control bacterial wilt of brinjal along with other possible organic amendments. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Efficiency in agricultural production is indicative of the efficiency level of farm households in their farming activities. Farmers in developing countries do not make use of all the potential technological resources, thus making inefficient decisions in their agricultural activities. Herein, technical efficiency in relation with the production of three types of rice crop (Boro, Aus and Aman) was evaluated, with some determinants of technical efficiency identified, in Bangladesh. It was attempted, throughout this study, to access the status of technical efficiency in rice production in Bangladesh for panel data while using the Stochastic Frontier Production Model with either of truncated normal or half-normal distributional assumptions. Both time-variant and time-invariant inefficiency effects models were estimated, one at a time. Collected data from agricultural sector pertaining to three main rice crops in Bangladesh for the period of 1980 to 2008 were made used of throughout the study. The results revealed that technical efficiency gradually increased over the reference period with the half normal distribution being found preferable to the truncated normal distribution as regards the technical inefficiency effects. The value of technical efficiency was found high for Boro rice while low for Aus in comparison with Aman rice in Bangladesh for both distributions in either of time-variant or invariant ones. It was observed that the most efficient rice production system has occurred for the case of Boro with a technical efficiency of 0.98. Yearwise mean technical efficiency increased during the reference time periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interacting boson model (IBM-I) has been used to calculate the electric reduced transition probabilities B( E2)↓ from gamma transition 8 to 6, 6 to 4, 4 to 2 and 2 to 0 states of even-even neutron rich nuclei Pd and compared with available experimental values. The ratio of excitation energies of first 4 and first 2 excited states, R, has been also calculated for these nuclei. Furthermore, as a measure to quantify the evolution, we have studied systematically the transition rate $$ R = B\left( {E2:L^{ + } \to \left( {L - 2} \right)^{ + } } \right)/B\left( {E2:2^{ + } \to 0^{ + } } \right) $$ of some of the low-lying quadrupole collective states in comparison to available experimental data. The associated quadrupole moments and deformation parameters have also been calculated. Moreover, we have studied systematic B( E2) values, intrinsic quadrupole moments and deformation parameters of even neutrons from N = 56 to 60 in Pd isotopes. Results of this calculation are in good agreement with the corresponding available experimental data. IBM-I formula for the reduced transition probabilities B( E2) has been analytically deduced in U(5) limit for a few ground states transitions in Pd isotopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we address the evolution of yrast levels of low-lying structure in the neutron-rich even-even 114-122Cd nuclei within the framework of interaction boson model (IBM-1). The reduced transition probabilities B(E2)↓ between 81 + to 61 + states of even-even neutron-rich Cd nuclei for N = 66, 68, 70, 72, 74 have been calculated by IBM-1 and compared with the previous available experimental values. The calculated values of 114Cd, 116Cd, 118Cd, 120Cd and 122Cd are 0.272 e2b2, 0.281 e2b2, 0.259 e2b2, 0.190 e2b2 and 0.149 e2b2, respectively. The ratio of excitation energies of the first 4+ and the first 2+ excited states, R4/2, were also calculated for these nuclei. The 114-122Cd isotopes in U(5)-O(6) transitional symmetry were investigated. We have studied the systematic B(E2) values as a function of even neutrons from N = 66 to 74. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we studied the thermoluminescence response of Ge- and Al-doped optical fibers, its linearity, energy dependence, and sensitivity. The Ge-doped optical fibers demonstrate useful TL properties and represent an excellent candidate for use in TL dosimetry of ionizing radiation. The TL response increases monotonically over a wide photon dose range, from 0.2 Gy to 4.0 Gy. The TL results for these fibers have been compared with similar TL data for phosphor TLD-100. Commercially available Al- and Ge-doped optical fibers have both been found to yield a linear dose-TL signal relationship, although the Al-doped fiber provides only 5 % of the sensitivity of the Ge-doped fibers. The TL characteristics of Ge-doped optical fiber, plus its small size (125 μm diameter), high flexibility, ease of handling, and low cost compared with other TL materials, make this commercial optical fiber a very promising TL material for use in medicine, industry, reactor operation, and a variety of other areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the reduced transition probabilities B( E2) from 4 to 2, 6 to 4 and 8 to 6 states of even-even neutron rich nuclei Cd from N = 56-64 have been calculated by interaction boson model IBM-1 and compared with experimental values. The associated quadrupole moments and deformation parameters have been calculated. Moreover, we have studied the systematic B( E2) values, intrinsic quadrupole moments and deformation parameters as function of even neutrons from N = 56-64. The results of this calculation are in fair agreement with the corresponding experimental data. The IBA-1 formula for the reduced transition probabilities B( E2) have been analytically deduced in the U(5) limit for a few ground states transitions in Cd isotopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The properties of the yrast states for 100–110Pd even–even (e–e) nuclei have been established. The relation between the moment of inertia 2ϑ/ℏ2 and the square of the rotational energy (ℏω)2 has been drawn to identify the back-bending that may occur at a certain state for each isotope. The relation between gamma-energy over spin Eγ/I as a function of spin I has been drawn to determine the evolution in each isotope ranging from vibration to rotational properties. The suitable limit in the interacting boson model IBM-1 has been used to calculate the yrast states for each isotope, which are then compared with the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free vibration of symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply composite laminated truncated conical shells using the spline function technique is studied. The equilibrium equations for a truncated conical shells are formulated including first-order shear deformation theory. The equations of motion are derived in terms of displacement functions and rotational functions using stress-strain and strain-displacement relationships. The coupled differential equations are solved using Bickley-type splines to obtain the generalized eigenvalue problem by combining suitable boundary conditions. The convergence and comparative results are presented. Both symmetric and anti-symmetric cross-ply shells are considered using various types of material properties. Parametric studies are made to investigate the effect of transverse shear deformation on the frequency parameter with respect to the thickness ratio, length ratio, cone angle, and circumferential mode number using different numbers of layers under various types of boundary conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the ground state gamma ray bands of even 114−124Cd isotopes are calculated using interacting boson model (IBM-1). The theoretical energy levels for Z = 48, N = 66−76 up to spin-parity 8+ have been obtained by using PHINT computer program. The values of the parameters in the IBM-1 Hamiltonian yield the best fit to the experimental energy spectrum. The calculated results of the ground state energy band are compared to the previous experimental results and the obtained theoretical calculations in IBM-1 are in good agreement with the experimental energy level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on the electric quadrupole reduced transition probabilities B(E2) between 6+ to 4+ and 4+ to 2+ states of 114,116,118,122Cd isotopes using interacting boson model (IBM-1). The values of reduced transition probabilities of 114Cd, 116Cd, 118Cd, 122Cd nuclei from transitions 4+ to 2+ and 6+ to 4+ are 0.180 and 0.237 e²b², 0.197, and 0.253 e²b², 0.194 and 0.243 e²b², and 0.143 and 0.168 e²b², respectively. In addition, the systematic B(E2) values are studied as a function of neutron numbers from N = 66, 68, 70, 74. The calculated results of B(E2) in IBM-1 are in good agreement with experimental values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interacting boson model (IBM-1) has been used in the study of the nuclear structure of even-even 104-112Cd isotopes. The values of the parameters in the IBM-1 Hamiltonian which yield the best fit to the experimental energy spectrum. It is shown that there is a good agreement between the results found and with the experimental ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is focused on energy response of Ge-doped silicon dioxide optical fiber subjected to photon irradiation. The TL responses for photon energies, ranging from 20 keV to 20MeV, were investigated as energy absorbed in the TL materials of Ge-doped silicon dioxide optical fiber. The simulation was performed using Monte Carlo N-particle transport code version 5 (MCNP5). The input parameters included in this study are source information, geometry specification, material information and tallies F6. Comparisons of energy response were done between simulation and previous results of experiments. A flat response can only be seen in the energy range of 200 keV to 10 MeV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, free vibrations of symmetric angle-ply laminated cylindrical shells are presented under different thickness variations. The thickness variations of the shells are linear, exponential, and sinusoidal. Spline function techniques are adopted to approximate the displacement functions, and the point collocation method is used to obtain the generalized eigenvalue problem with appropriate boundary conditions. The effects of the geometric parameters, thickness parameters, and material parameters on the frequencies of symmetric angle-ply laminated cylindrical shells with two kinds of material properties under different boundary conditions are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Useful TL properties of TLD-100 that is an excellent candidate for using in TL dosimetry of ionizing radiation are demonstrated. This study is focused on response of TLD-100 subjected to photon irradiation. The thermoluminescence (TL) response of TLD-100 subject to various photon energy, ranging from 20 keV to 6 MeV, was investigated as energy absorbed in the TL material using Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code version 5 (MCNP5). The input parameters included in this study are experimental geometry specification, source information, material information, and tallies. Tally F6 is used in this simulation. The results from MCNP5 simulation show good agreement with previous experimental data. However, the data obtained from the simulation are greater than the experimental data especially in lower energy ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]