3,222,843 results on '"Han"'
Search Results
252. Reconstructing Single Side of Riverbanks Minimizes Adverse Effects on Sailfin Suckers’ Habitat
- Author
-
Li, Pengcheng, Li, Yike, Han, Yu, Bao, Meixia, Wang, Yihang, and Yao, Weiwei
- Published
- 2024
253. Clinical practice recommendations for the use of next-generation sequencing in patients with solid cancer: a joint report from KSMO and KSP
- Author
-
Miso Kim, Hyo Sup Shim, Sheehyun Kim, In Hee Lee, Jihun Kim, Shinkyo Yoon, Hyung-Don Kim, Inkeun Park, Jae Ho Jeong, Changhoon Yoo, Jaekyung Cheon, In-Ho Kim, Jieun Lee, Sook Hee Hong, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jin Won Kim, Han Jo Kim, Yongjun Cha, Sun Min Lim, Han Sang Kim, Choong-Kun Lee, Jee Hung Kim, Sang Hoon Chun, Jina Yun, So Yeon Park, Hye Seung Lee, Yong Mee Cho, Soo Jeong Nam, Kiyong Na, Sun Och Yoon, Ahwon Lee, Kee-Taek Jang, Hongseok Yun, Sungyoung Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, and Wan-Seop Kim
- Subjects
next-generation sequencing ,solid cancer ,precision medicine ,korea ,Pathology ,RB1-214 - Abstract
In recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based genetic testing has become crucial in cancer care. While its primary objective is to identify actionable genetic alterations to guide treatment decisions, its scope has broadened to encompass aiding in pathological diagnosis and exploring resistance mechanisms. With the ongoing expansion in NGS application and reliance, a compelling necessity arises for expert consensus on its application in solid cancers. To address this demand, the forthcoming recommendations not only provide pragmatic guidance for the clinical use of NGS but also systematically classify actionable genes based on specific cancer types. Additionally, these recommendations will incorporate expert perspectives on crucial biomarkers, ensuring informed decisions regarding circulating tumor DNA panel testing.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
254. Adequacy of the Dosing and Infusion Time of Ceftazidime/Avibactam for the Treatment of Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections: A PK/PD Simulation Study
- Author
-
Han Y, Zhu J, Liu J, Zheng Y, Liang G, Yang Y, Yu L, Yu Z, and Han G
- Subjects
ceftazidime ,avibactam ,pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic ,probability of target attainment. ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Yun Han,1,* Jianping Zhu,1,* Jieqiong Liu,2 Ying Zheng,2 Gang Liang,1 Yi Yang,1 Lingyan Yu,3 Zhenwei Yu,1 Gang Han1 1Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2The 903rd Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhenwei Yu; Gang Han, Email yzw_srrsh@zju.edu.cn; 3199022@zju.edu.cnIntroduction: Recent studies suggested the potential benefits of extended infusion times to optimize the treatment efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam, which indicated that the current pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target may not be sufficient, especially for severe infections. The purpose of this study is to assess the adequacy of dosing strategies and infusion durations of ceftazidime/avibactam when applying higher PK/PD targets.Methods: This study utilized published PK parameters to conduct Monte Carlo simulations. Different dosages including the recommended regimen based on renal function were simulated and evaluated by the probability of target attainment (PTA) and cumulative fraction of response (CFR). Different PK/PD targets were set for ceftazidime and avibactam. MIC distributions from various sources were used to calculate the CFR.Results: Multiple PK/PD targets have been set in this study, All recommended dosage could easily achieve the target of 50%fT ≥ MIC (ceftazidime) and 50%fT ≥ CT=1.0 mg/L (avibactam). However, for severe infection patients with normal renal function and augmented renal clearance at the recommended dosage (2000 mg/500 mg, every 8 hours), the infusion duration needs to be extended to 3 hours and 4 hours to achieve the targets of 100%fT ≥ MIC and 100%fT ≥ CT=1.0 mg/L. Only continuous infusion at higher dosages achieved 100%fT ≥ 4×MIC and 100%fT ≥ CT=4.0 mg/L targets to all currently recommended regimens. According to the varying MIC distributions, higher concentrations are needed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with the attainment rates vary across different regions.Conclusion: The current recommended dosing regimen of ceftazidime/avibactam is insufficient for severe infection patients, and continuous infusion is suggested.Keywords: ceftazidime, avibactam, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic, probability of target attainment
- Published
- 2024
255. Haplotype-resolved gapless genome and chromosome segment substitution lines facilitate gene identification in wild rice
- Author
-
Jingfen Huang, Yilin Zhang, Yapeng Li, Meng Xing, Cailin Lei, Shizhuang Wang, Yamin Nie, Yanyan Wang, Mingchao Zhao, Zhenyun Han, Xianjun Sun, Han Zhou, Yan Wang, Xiaoming Zheng, Xiaorong Xiao, Weiya Fan, Ziran Liu, Wenlong Guo, Lifang Zhang, Yunlian Cheng, Qian Qian, Hang He, Qingwen Yang, and Weihua Qiao
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract The abundant genetic variation harbored by wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) has provided a reservoir of useful genes for rice breeding. However, the genome of wild rice has not yet been comprehensively assessed. Here, we report the haplotype-resolved gapless genome assembly and annotation of wild rice Y476. In addition, we develop two sets of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) using Y476 as the donor parent and cultivated rice as the recurrent parents. By analyzing the gapless reference genome and CSSL population, we identify 254 QTLs associated with agronomic traits, biotic and abiotic stresses. We clone a receptor-like kinase gene associated with rice blast resistance and confirm its wild rice allele improves rice blast resistance. Collectively, our study provides a haplotype-resolved gapless reference genome and demonstrates a highly efficient platform for gene identification from wild rice.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
256. Observation of unusual outer-sphere mechanism using simple alkenes as nucleophiles in allylation chemistry
- Author
-
Yaxin Zeng, Han Gao, Zhong-Tao Jiang, Yulei Zhu, Jinqi Chen, Han Zhang, Gang Lu, and Ying Xia
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Transition-metal catalyzed allylic substitution reactions of alkenes are among the most efficient methods for synthesizing diene compounds, driven by the inherent preference for an inner-sphere mechanism. Here, we present a demonstration of an outer-sphere mechanism in Rh-catalyzed allylic substitution reaction of simple alkenes using gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes as allyl surrogates. This unconventional mechanism offers an opportunity for the fluorine recycling of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes via C − F bond cleavage/reformation, ultimately delivering allylic carbofluorination products. The developed method tolerates a wide range of simple alkenes, providing access to secondary, tertiary fluorides and gem-difluorides with 100% atom economy. DFT calculations reveal that the C − C bond formation goes through an unusual outer-sphere nucleophilic substitution of the alkenes to the allyl-Rh species instead of migration insertion, and the generated carbon cation then forms the C − F bond with tetrafluoroborate as a fluoride shuttle.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
257. Clinical feasibility of deep learning based synthetic contrast enhanced abdominal CT in patients undergoing non enhanced CT scans
- Author
-
Seungchul Han, Jong-Min Kim, Junghoan Park, Se Woo Kim, Sungeun Park, Jungheum Cho, Sae-Jin Park, Han-Jae Chung, Seung-Min Ham, Sang Joon Park, and Jung Hoon Kim
- Subjects
Abdomen ,Diagnosis ,Tomography ,Deep learning ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Our objective was to develop and evaluate the clinical feasibility of deep-learning-based synthetic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DL-SynCCT) in patients designated for nonenhanced CT (NECT). We proposed a weakly supervised learning with the utilization of virtual non-contrast CT (VNC) for the development of DL-SynCCT. Training and internal validations were performed with 2202 pairs of retrospectively collected contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) images with the corresponding VNC images acquired from dual-energy CT. Clinical validation was performed using an external validation set including 398 patients designated for true nonenhanced CT (NECT), from multiple vendors at three institutes. Detection of lesions was performed by three radiologists with only NECT in the first session and an additionally provided DL-SynCCT in the second session. The mean peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index map (SSIM) of the DL-SynCCT compared to CECT were 43.25 ± 0.41 and 0.92 ± 0.01, respectively. With DL-SynCCT, the pooled sensitivity for lesion detection (72.0% to 76.4%, P
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
258. Differential effects of desvenlafaxine on hot flashes in women with breast cancer taking tamoxifen: a randomized controlled trial
- Author
-
Yongjoo Kim, Chan-Woo Yeom, Hyun Jeong Lee, Jeong-Hyun Kim, Kwang-Min Lee, Tae-Yong Kim, Han-Byoel Lee, Hoon Kim, Seock-Ah Im, Kyung-Hun Lee, Miso Kim, Wonsik Han, Hyeong-Gon Moon, David Spiegel, Bong-Jin Hahm, and Kyung-Lak Son
- Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Hot flashes (HF) are a common adverse event of prolonged tamoxifen use in women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, impacting psychiatric health and quality of life. While desvenlafaxine does not interact with tamoxifen, its efficacy and safety in breast cancer patients remain unstudied. This phase 3, four-week, multi-center, three-arm, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the efficacy and safety of desvenlafaxine for treating HF in women with breast cancer taking tamoxifen, assessing potential differential effects in patients with psychiatric and inflammatory conditions. Between December 2017 and February 2019, 57 women aged 19 or older, regularly taking tamoxifen as adjuvant therapy, experiencing moderate-to-severe HFs for more than a month, were randomized to receive desvenlafaxine 50 mg/day (D-50), desvenlafaxine 100 mg/day (D-100), or placebo for four weeks. The primary endpoint was the change rate in HF scores over four weeks, with adverse events as a secondary endpoint. Both desvenlafaxine arms demonstrated greater HF score reductions compared to placebo: D-50 (2.20 points/week, 95% CI: 0.71, 3.68) and D-100 (2.34 points/week, 95% CI: 0.92, 3.76). Notably, D-50 arm showed significantly greater efficacy in patients with depression or elevated inflammation. Desvenlafaxine offers an effective and safe treatment regimen for HF in women with breast cancer taking tamoxifen. The presence of depression and inflammation may guide optimal desvenlafaxine dosing. (Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02819921)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
259. Clinical phenotype of pulmonary vascular disease requiring treatment in extremely preterm infants
- Author
-
Ki Teak Hong, Seung Han Shin, Ee-Kyung Kim, and Han-Suk Kim
- Subjects
Pulmonary hypertension ,Extremely preterm infant ,Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn ,Bronchopulmonary dysplasia ,Neonatal intensive care units ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Abstract Background Pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a significant disorder affecting prognosis of extremely preterm infants. However, there is still a lack of a consensus on the definition and optimal treatments of PH, and there is also a lack of research comparing these conditions with persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN), early PH, and late PH. To investigate PH in extremely preterm infants, this study compared the baseline characteristics, short-term outcomes, and treatment duration, categorized by the timing of requiring PH treatment. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed extremely preterm infants admitted to a single tertiary center. Between 2018 and 2022, infants with clinical or echocardiographic diagnosis of PH who required treatment were divided into three groups based on the timing of treatment initiation: initial 3 days (extremely early-period), from day 4 to day 27 (early-period), and after day 28 (late-period). The study compared the outcomes, including mortality rates, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) severity, PH treatment duration, and oxygen therapy duration, among the three groups. Results Among the 157 infants, 67 (42.7%) were treated for PH during their stay. Of these, 39 (57.3%) were treatment in extremely early, 21 (31.3%) in early, and seven (11.4%) in late periods. No significant differences were observed in maternal factors, neonatal factors, or morbidity between the three groups. However, infants who received extremely early-period treatment had a higher mortality rate, but shorter duration of noninvasive respiratory support, oxygen therapy, and PH medication use. On the other hand, the late-period treatment group received longer durations of respiratory support and treatment. Conclusions This study revealed differences in mortality rates, respiratory outcomes, and treatment duration between the three groups, suggesting varying pathophysiologies over time in extremely preterm infants.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
260. Diameter-dependent phase selectivity in 1D-confined tungsten phosphides
- Author
-
Gangtae Jin, Christian D. Multunas, James L. Hart, Mehrdad T. Kiani, Nghiep Khoan Duong, Quynh P. Sam, Han Wang, Yeryun Cheon, David J. Hynek, Hyeuk Jin Han, Ravishankar Sundararaman, and Judy J. Cha
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Topological materials confined in 1D can transform computing technologies, such as 1D topological semimetals for nanoscale interconnects and 1D topological superconductors for fault-tolerant quantum computing. As such, understanding crystallization of 1D-confined topological materials is critical. Here, we demonstrate 1D template-assisted nanowire synthesis where we observe diameter-dependent phase selectivity for tungsten phosphides. A phase bifurcation occurs to produce tungsten monophosphide and tungsten diphosphide at the cross-over nanowire diameter regime of 35–70 nm. Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy is used to identify the two phases and to map crystallographic orientations of grains at a few nm resolution. The 1D-confined phase selectivity is attributed to the minimization of the total surface energy, which depends on the nanowire diameter and chemical potentials of precursors. Theoretical calculations are carried out to construct the diameter-dependent phase diagram, which agrees with experimental observations. Our findings suggest a crystallization route to stabilize topological materials confined in 1D.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
261. Harnessing the dental cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells for hard tissue engineering
- Author
-
Eun-Jung Kim, Ka-Hwa Kim, Hyun-Yi Kim, Dong-Joon Lee, Shujin Li, Mai Ngoc Han, and Han-Sung Jung
- Subjects
Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Introduction: Most mineralized tissues in our body are present in bones and teeth. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are promising candidates for cell therapy to help regenerate bone defects and teeth loss. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular structure secreted by cells. Studies on the dynamic microenvironment of ECM are necessary for stem cell-based therapies. Objectives: We aim to optimize an effective protocol for hiPSC differentiation into dental cells without utilizing animal-derived factors or cell feeders that can be applied to humans and to mineralize differentiated dental cells into hard tissues. Methods: For the differentiation of both dental epithelial cells (DECs) and dental mesenchymal cells (DMCs) from hiPSCs, an embryoid body (EB) was formed from hiPSCs. hiPSC were differentiated into neural crest cells with an induction medium utilized in our previous study, and hiPSC-derived DECs were differentiated with a BMP-modulated customized medium. hiPSC-dental cells were then characterized, analyzed, and validated with transcriptomic analysis, western blotting, and RT-qPCR. To form mineralized tissues, hiPSC-derived DECs were recombined with hiPSC-derived DMCs encapsulated in various biomaterials, including gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), collagen, and agar matrix. Results: These hiPSC-derived dental cells are highly osteogenic and chondro-osteogenic in photocrosslinkable GelMA hydrogel and collagen type I microenvironments. Furthermore, hiPSC-derived dental cells in agar gel matrix induced the formation of a bioengineered tooth. Conclusion: Our study provides an approach for applying hiPSCs for hard tissue regeneration, including tooth and bone. This study has immense potential to provide a novel technology for bioengineering organs for various regenerative therapies.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
262. Impact of Antidiabetic Drugs on Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
- Author
-
Han Na Jang, Sun Joon Moon, Jin Hyung Jung, Kyung-Do Han, Eun-Jung Rhee, and Won-Young Lee
- Subjects
sars-cov-2 ,covid-19 ,clinical outcome ,metformin ,dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitor ,sulfonylurea ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
Background Inconsistent results have been reported regarding the association between the use of antidiabetic drugs and the clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to investigate the effect of antidiabetic drugs on COVID-19 outcomes in patients with diabetes using data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) in South Korea. Methods We analyzed the NHIS data of patients aged ≥20 years who tested positive for COVID-19 and were taking antidiabetic drugs between December 2019 and June 2020. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 based on the use of antidiabetic drugs. Results A total of 556 patients taking antidiabetic drugs tested positive for COVID-19, including 271 male (48.7%), most of whom were in their sixties. Of all patients, 433 (77.9%) were hospitalized, 119 (21.4%) received oxygen treatment, 87 (15.6%) were admitted to the intensive care unit, 31 (5.6%) required mechanical ventilation, and 61 (11.0%) died. Metformin was significantly associated with the lower risks of mechanical ventilation (odds ratio [OR], 0.281; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.109 to 0.720; P=0.008), and death (OR, 0.395; 95% CI, 0.182 to 0.854; P=0.018). Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) were significantly associated with the lower risks of oxygen treatment (OR, 0.565; 95% CI, 0.356 to 0.895; P=0.015) and death (OR, 0.454; 95% CI, 0.217 to 0.949; P=0.036). Sulfonylurea was significantly associated with the higher risk of mechanical ventilation (OR, 2.579; 95% CI, 1.004 to 6.626; P=0.049). Conclusion In patients with diabetes and COVID-19, metformin exhibited reduced risks of mechanical ventilation and death, DPP-4i was linked with lower risks of oxygen treatment and death, while sulfonylurea was related to the increased risk of mechanical ventilation.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
263. Reciprocal regulation between RACGAP1 and AR contributes to endocrine therapy resistance in prostate cancer
- Author
-
Jiajia Wang, Hui Liu, Zeyuan Yu, Qianqian Zhou, Feifei Sun, Jingying Han, Lin Gao, Baokai Dou, Hanwen Zhang, Jiawei Fu, Wenqiao Jia, Weiwen Chen, Jing Hu, and Bo Han
- Subjects
CRPC ,Endocrine therapy resistance ,RACGAP1 ,AR ,AR-V7 ,MDM2 ,Medicine ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Abstract Background Endocrine resistance driven by sustained activation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway in advanced prostate cancer (PCa) is fatal. Characterization of mechanisms underlying aberrant AR pathway activation to search for potential therapeutic strategy is particularly important. Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 (RACGAP1) is one of the specific GTPase-activating proteins. As a novel tumor proto-oncogene, overexpression of RACGAP1 was related to the occurrence of various tumors. Methods Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the relationship of expression level between RACGAP1 and AR as well as AR pathway activation. qRT-PCR and western blotting assays were performed to assess the expression of AR/AR-V7 and RACGAP1 in PCa cells. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence experiments were conducted to detect the interaction and co-localization between RACGAP1 and AR/AR-V7. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses were conducted to investigate the biological roles of RACGAP1 in PCa cells, using MTS and colony formation assays. In vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of RACGAP1 inhibition on the tumor growth. Results RACGAP1 was a gene activated by AR, which was markedly upregulated in PCa patients with CRPC and enzalutamide resistance. AR transcriptionally activated RACGAP1 expression by binding to its promoter region. Reciprocally, nuclear RACGAP1 bound to the N-terminal domain (NTD) of both AR and AR-V7, blocking their interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. Consequently, this prevented the degradation of AR/AR-V7 in a ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent pathway. Notably, the positive feedback loop between RACGAP1 and AR/AR-V7 contributed to endocrine therapy resistance of CRPC. Combination of enzalutamide and in vivo cholesterol-conjugated RIG-I siRNA drugs targeting RACGAP1 induced potent inhibition of xenograft tumor growth of PCa. Conclusion In summary, our results reveal that reciprocal regulation between RACGAP1 and AR/AR-V7 contributes to the endocrine resistance in PCa. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of combined RACGAP1 inhibition and enzalutamide in treatment of advanced PCa.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
264. Response surface methodology mediated optimization of phytosulfokine and plant growth regulators for enhanced protoplast division, callus induction, and somatic embryogenesis in Angelica Gigas Nakai
- Author
-
Han-Sol Lee, Jong-Eun Han, Eun-Kyung Bae, Eun Yee Jie, Suk Weon Kim, Hyuk Joon Kwon, Hak Sung Lee, Soo-Ho Yeon, Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy, and So-Young Park
- Subjects
Response surface methodology ,Protoplast culture ,Angelica gigas ,Somatic embryogenesis ,Phytosulfokine ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Abstract Background Angelica Gigas (Purple parsnip) is an important medicinal plant that is cultivated and utilized in Korea, Japan, and China. It contains bioactive substances especially coumarins with anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, anti-obesity, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties. This medicinal crop can be genetically improved, and the metabolites can be obtained by embryonic stem cells. In this context, we established the protoplast-to-plant regeneration methodology in Angelica gigas. Results In the present investigation, we isolated the protoplast from the embryogenic callus by applying methods that we have developed earlier and established protoplast cultures using Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium and by embedding the protoplast in thin alginate layer (TAL) methods. We supplemented the culture medium with growth regulators namely 2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid (2,4-D, 0, 0.75, 1.5 mg L− 1), kinetin (KN, 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg L− 1) and phytosulfokine (PSK, 0, 50, 100 nM) to induce protoplast division, microcolony formation, and embryogenic callus regeneration. We applied central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) for the optimization of 2,4-D, KN, and PSK levels during protoplast division, micro-callus formation, and induction of embryogenic callus stages. The results revealed that 0.04 mg L− 1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L− 1 KN + 2 nM PSK, 0.5 mg L− 1 2,4-D + 0.9 mg L− 1 KN and 90 nM PSK, and 1.5 mg L− 1 2,4-D and 1 mg L− 1 KN were optimum for protoplast division, micro-callus formation and induction embryogenic callus. MS basal semi-solid medium without growth regulators was good for the development of embryos and plant regeneration. Conclusions This study demonstrated successful protoplast culture, protoplast division, micro-callus formation, induction embryogenic callus, somatic embryogenesis, and plant regeneration in A. gigas. The methodologies developed here are quite useful for the genetic improvement of this important medicinal plant.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
265. A cell atlas of the adult female Aedes aegypti midgut revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing
- Author
-
Shunlong Wang, Ying Huang, Fei Wang, Qian Han, Nanjie Ren, Xiaoyu Wang, Yingjun Cui, Zhiming Yuan, and Han Xia
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Aedes aegypti is a primary vector for transmitting various arboviruses, including Yellow fever, dengue and Zika virus. The mosquito midgut is the principal organ for blood meal digestion, nutrient absorption and the initial site of arbovirus infection. Although a previous study delineated midgut’s transcriptome of Ae. aegypti at the single-nucleus resolution, there still lacks an established protocol for isolating and RNA sequencing of single cells of Ae. aegypti midgut, which is required for investigating arbovirus-midgut interaction at the single-cell level. Here, we established an atlas of the midgut cells for Ae. aegypti by single-cell RNA sequencing. We annotated the cell clusters including intestinal stem cells/enteroblasts (ISC/EB), cardia cells (Cardia), enterocytes (EC, EC-like), enteroendocrine cells (EE), visceral muscle (VM), fat body cells (FBC) and hemocyte cells (HC). This study will provide a foundation for further studies of arbovirus infection in mosquito midgut at the single-cell level.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
266. High remnant-cholesterol levels increase the risk for end-stage renal disease: a nationwide, population-based, cohort study
- Author
-
Han Na Jung, Ji Hye Huh, Eun Roh, Kyung-Do Han, Jun Goo Kang, Seong Jin Lee, and Sung-Hee Ihm
- Subjects
Remnant-cholesterol ,End-stage renal disease ,Korean national health insurance service ,Lipoprotein ,Triglyceride ,Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ,RC620-627 - Abstract
Abstract Background The effect of remnant-cholesterol (remnant-C) on incident end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has not been studied longitudinally. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the association between remnant-C and the development of ESRD in a nationwide Korean cohort. Methods Participants in a National Health Insurance Service health examination (n = 3,856,985) were followed up until the onset of ESRD. The median duration of follow-up was 10.3 years. The Martin-Hopkins equation was used to determine low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels from directly measured triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and total cholesterol levels. Remnant-C levels were determined by subtracting HDL-C and LDL-C from total cholesterol. The risk for incident ESRD was calculated for each quartile of remnant-C, adjusting for conventional risk factors such as baseline renal function, comorbidities, and total cholesterol levels. Results ESRD developed in 11,073 (0.29%) participants. The risk for ESRD exhibited a gradual increase according to higher levels of remnant-C, with a 61% increased risk in the highest quartile than in the lowest (hazard ratio [HR] 1.61 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50–1.72]). The elevated risk for ESRD in the highest quartile versus the lowest quartile was more prominent in younger than in older subjects (20–29 years, HR 4.07 [95% CI 2.85–5.83]; 30–39 years, HR 2.39 [95% CI 1.83–3.13]; ≥ 70 years, HR 1.32 [95% CI 1.16–1.51]). In addition, the increased risk for ESRD related to higher remnant-C levels was greater in females than in males. Conclusions Independent of conventional risk factors, remnant-C levels were positively associated with incident ESRD, particularly in younger populations and adult females. Reducing remnant-C levels may be a novel preventive strategy against ESRD.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
267. The geological origins and soil properties of loess-like silty clay: a case study in the jinan area
- Author
-
Zhenghao Liu, Xianfeng Ma, Dingyi Zhou, Linhai Lu, Haihua Zhang, Yujie Bai, and Han Han
- Subjects
Loess-like silty clay ,Geological genesis ,Soil science characteristics ,Middle and lower yellow river region ,Engineering geology ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract This study, using Jinan as a case study, systematically investigates the characteristics and geological genesis of loess-like silty clay in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The primary distribution of loess-like silty clay is revealed through field surveys, laboratory experiments, and previous literature reviews. The chemical and physical properties of the loess-like silty clay were examined, in addition to investigations into its mineral composition, microstructural characteristics, and engineering mechanical properties, in order to enhance comprehension of its attributes and formation mechanisms. The research suggests that the distinctive soil environment in the area has been influenced by numerous instances of the Yellow River overflow and channel shifts over its history, as well as the impacts of climate change, geological factors, and human activities. The primary sources of material for the loess-like silty clay consist of loess, Hipparion Red Clay, and paleosol layers. The discussion also addresses the impact of regional climate on the formation of mineral components. The aforementioned findings hold significant implications for advancing the understanding of historical climatic and paleogeographic shifts, as well as for addressing engineering challenges associated with the distribution of loess-like silty clay.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
268. Suppressing Wnt signaling of the blood‒tumor barrier to intensify drug delivery and inhibit lipogenesis of brain metastases
- Author
-
Yang Tong, Pei An, Puxian Tang, Rui Mu, Yuteng Zeng, Hang Sun, Mei Zhao, Ziyan Lv, Pan Wang, Wanjun Han, Chunshan Gui, Xuechu Zhen, and Liang Han
- Subjects
Lipogenesis ,Brain metastases ,Blood‒tumor barrier ,Wnt signaling ,Drug delivery ,Fatty acid synthase ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Lipogenesis is often highly upregulated in breast cancer brain metastases to adapt to intracranial low lipid microenvironments. Lipase inhibitors hold therapeutic potential but their intra-tumoral distribution is often blocked by the blood‒tumor barrier (BTB). BTB activates its Wnt signaling to maintain barrier properties, e.g., Mfsd2a-mediated BTB low transcytosis. Here, we reported VCAM-1-targeting nano-wogonin (W@V-NPs) as an adjuvant of nano-orlistat (O@V-NPs) to intensify drug delivery and inhibit lipogenesis of brain metastases. W@V-NPs were proven to be able to inactivate BTB Wnt signaling, downregulate BTB Mfsd2a, accelerate BTB vesicular transport, and enhance tumor accumulation of O@V-NPs. With the ability to specifically kill cancer cells in a lipid-deprived environment with IC50 at 48 ng/mL, W@V-NPs plus O@V-NPs inhibited the progression of brain metastases with prolonged survival of model mice. The combination did not induce brain edema, cognitive impairment, and systemic toxicity in healthy mice. Targeting Wnt signaling could safely modulate the BTB to improve drug delivery and metabolic therapy against brain metastases.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
269. Two noncompeting human neutralizing antibodies targeting MPXV B6 show protective effects against orthopoxvirus infections
- Author
-
Runchu Zhao, Lili Wu, Junqing Sun, Dezhi Liu, Pu Han, Yue Gao, Yi Zhang, Yanli Xu, Xiao Qu, Han Wang, Yan Chai, Zhihai Chen, George F. Gao, and Qihui Wang
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract The recent outbreak of mpox epidemic, caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), poses a new threat to global public health. Here, we initially assessed the preexisting antibody level to the MPXV B6 protein in vaccinia vaccinees born before the end of the immunization program and then identified two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), hMB621 and hMB668, targeting distinct epitopes on B6, from one vaccinee. Binding assays demonstrate that both MAbs exhibit broad binding abilities to B6 and its orthologs in vaccinia (VACV), variola (VARV) and cowpox viruses (CPXV). Neutralizing assays reveal that the two MAbs showed potent neutralization against VACV. Animal experiments using a BALB/c female mouse model indicate that the two MAbs showed effective protection against VACV via intraperitoneal injection. Additionally, we determined the complex structure of B6 and hMB668, revealing the structural feature of B6 and the epitope of hMB668. Collectively, our study provides two promising antibody candidates for the treatment of orthopoxvirus infections, including mpox.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
270. A SU6668 pure nanoparticle-based eyedrops: toward its high drug Accumulation and Long-time treatment for corneal neovascularization
- Author
-
Han Wu, Jinfa Ye, Minjie Zhang, Lingyu Zhang, Sijie Lin, Qingjian Li, Yanbo Liu, Yun Han, Caihong Huang, Yiming Wu, Yuhang Cheng, Shundong Cai, Lang Ke, Gang Liu, Wei Li, and Chengchao Chu
- Subjects
Corneal neovascularization ,Pure drug nanoparticle ,SU6668 ,Cell membrane vesicle ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Medical technology ,R855-855.5 - Abstract
Abstract Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is one of the common blinding factors worldwide, leading to reduced vision or even blindness. However, current treatments such as surgical intervention and anti-VEGF agent therapy still have some shortcomings or evoke some adverse effects. Recently, SU6668, an inhibitor targeting angiogenic tyrosine kinases, has demonstrated growth inhibition of neovascularization. But the hydrophobicity and low ocular bioavailability limit its application in cornea. Hereby, we proposed the preparation of SU6668 pure nanoparticles (NanoSU6668; size ~135 nm) using a super-stable pure-nanomedicine formulation technology (SPFT), which possessed uniform particle size and excellent aqueous dispersion at 1 mg/mL. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cell membrane vesicle (MSCm) was coated on the surface of NanoSU6668, and then conjugated with TAT cell penetrating peptide, preparing multifunctional TAT-MSCm@NanoSU6668 (T-MNS). The T-MNS at a concentration of 200 µg/mL was treated for CNV via eye drops, and accumulated in blood vessels with a high targeting performance, resulting in elimination of blood vessels and recovery of cornea transparency after 4 days of treatment. Meanwhile, drug safety test confirmed that T-MNS did not cause any damage to cornea, retina and other eye tissues. In conclusion, the T-MNS eye drop had the potential to treat CNV effectively and safely in a low dosing frequency, which broke new ground for CNV theranostics.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
271. Correlating the crystal structure and facet of indium oxides with their activities for CO2 electroreduction
- Author
-
Jiajun Wang, Guangjin Wang, Han Wu, Fei Liu, Xixi Ren, Yidu Wang, Yanhui Cao, Qi Lu, Xuerong Zheng, Xiaopeng Han, Yida Deng, and Wenbin Hu
- Subjects
Structure-function relationship ,CO2 electroreduction ,Indium oxide ,Reaction mechanism ,Catalyst design ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Constructing structure-function relationships is critical for the rational design and development of efficient catalysts for CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR). In2O3 is well-known for its specific ability to produce formic acid. However, how the crystal phase and surface affect the CO2RR activity is still unclear, making it difficult to further improve the intrinsic activity and screen for the most active structure. In this work, cubic and hexagonal In2O3 with different stable surfaces ((111) and (110) for cubic, (120) and (104) for hexagonal) are investigated for CO2RR. Theoretical results demonstrate that the adsorption of reactants on cubic In2O3 is stronger than that on hexagonal In2O3, with the cubic (111) surface being the most active for CO2RR. In experiments, synthesized cubic In2O3 nanosheets with predominantly exposed (111) surfaces exhibited a high HCOO– Faradaic efficiency (87.5%) and HCOO– current density (–16.7 mA cm–2) at –0.9 V vs RHE. In addition, an aqueous Zn-CO2 battery based on a cubic In2O3 cathode was assembled. Our work correlates the phases and surfaces with the CO2RR activity, and provides a fundamental understanding of the structure-function relationship of In2O3, thereby contributing to further improvements in its CO2RR activity. Moreover, the results provide a principle for the directional preparation of materials with optimal phases and surfaces for efficient electrocatalysis.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
272. Uric Acid Inhibits Mice Pancreatic Steatosis via the Glycerophospholipid Pathway
- Author
-
Yang Xiao, Lina Han, Han Wang, Helin Ke, Shaodan Xu, Zhibin Huang, Guorong Lyu, and Shilin Li
- Subjects
Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
273. Tailored polysaccharide entrapping metal-organic framework for RNAi therapeutics and diagnostics in atherosclerosis
- Author
-
Sen Li, Han Gao, Haoji Wang, Xiaolin Zhao, Da Pan, Idaira Pacheco-Fernández, Ming Ma, Jianjun Liu, Jouni Hirvonen, Zehua Liu, and Hélder A. Santos
- Subjects
Polysaccharide ,Gene therapy ,RNAi therapeutics ,Atherosclerosis ,Metal-organic framework ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) hold promise as theranostic carriers for atherosclerosis. However, to further advance their therapeutic effects with higher complexity and functionality, integrating multiple components with complex synthesis procedures are usually involved. Here, we reported a facile and general strategy to prepare multifunctional anti-atherosclerosis theranostic platform in a single-step manner. A custom-designed multifunctional polymer, poly(butyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) branched phosphorylated β-glucan (PBMMA-PG), can effectively entrap different MOFs via coordination, simultaneously endow the MOF with enhanced stability, lesional macrophages selectivity and enhanced endosome escape. Sequential ex situ characterization and computational studies elaborated the potential mechanism. This facile post-synthetic modification granted the administered nanoparticles atherosclerotic tropism by targeting Dectin-1+ macrophages, enhancing in situ MR signal intensity by 72 %. Delivery of siNLRP3 effectively mitigated NLRP3 inflammasomes activation, resulting a 43 % reduction of plaque area. Overall, the current study highlights a simple and general approach for fabricating a MOF-based theranostic platform towards atherosclerosis conditioning, which may also expand to other indications targeting the lesional macrophages.
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
274. Prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities in HIV-infected adults on long-term combination antiretroviral therapy
- Author
-
Ling Luo, Xiaodi Li, Xiaojing Song, Wei Lyu, Zhengyin Liu, Huanling Wang, Yang Han, Xiaoxia Li, Yanling Li, Tielong Chen, Yong Xiong, Yun He, Huiqin Li, Hanhui Ye, Wei Cao, Taisheng Li, and Yanjie Yin
- Subjects
Medicine - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
275. Overview of the virtual special issue on the 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye earthquake doublet
- Author
-
Han Yue, Hongfeng Yang, and Xiaodong Song
- Subjects
Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
276. Crystal structure of methyl (3R)-1-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylate hydrochloride hydrate, C19H19BrClFN2O3
- Author
-
Wang Feijuan, Wang Yanjiao, Han Xiaojuan, and Tang Wenqiang
- Subjects
2333947 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Crystallography ,QD901-999 - Abstract
C19H19BrClFN2O3, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 9.4940(6) Å, b = 10.8303(9) Å, c = 17.7300(14) Å, V = 1823.0(2) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt (F) = 0.0615 wRref (F 2) = 0.1077, T = 150 K.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
277. The crystal structure of ethyl 3-(1-methyl-1H-indole-2-carbonyl)-2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxylate, C28H22N2O3
- Author
-
Wang Mengdan, Wang Junling, Zhou Yinhai, Li Jianyue, Han Zhenquan, Wang Jinlong, and Ma Jun-Ying
- Subjects
2351774 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Crystallography ,QD901-999 - Abstract
C28H22N2O3, triclinic, P 1‾ $\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 9.7431(6) Å, b = 12.2795(6) Å, c = 12.6009(6) Å, α =71.454(2)°, β =68.694(2)°, γ=72.563(2)°, V = 1,302.36(12) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt (F) = 0.0655, wRref (F 2) = 0.1988, T = 293(2) K.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
278. The crystal structure of {hexakis(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-κ 1 N)cobalt(II)}(μ 2-oxido)-hexaoxido-dimolybdenum(VI)— 1-methyl-1H-imidazole (1/2), C32H48CoMo2N16O7
- Author
-
Han Zou-Guang, Cai Wei-Na, Zhou Si-Yu, and Chen Bao-Kuan
- Subjects
2353868 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Crystallography ,QD901-999 - Abstract
C32H48CoMo2N16O7, triclinic, P1‾ $P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 10.425(2) Å, b = 10.517(2) Å, c = 11.187(2) Å, α = 94.671(7)°, β = 112.270(6)°, γ = 104.108(7)°, V = 1080.0(3) Å3, Z = 1, Rgt (F) = 0.0407, wRref (F 2) = 0.1015, T = 273 K.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
279. A new adaptive approach for bridging the gap in insurance premium estimation
- Author
-
Osama Attayyib, Han Ding, Walaa Gamaleldin, Shaban Osman, and Ruixing Ming
- Subjects
Credibility theory ,Robust credibility ,Engineering insurance ,Adaptive mean (ADM) ,Premium estimation ,Experience rating ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
This paper proposes a new adaptive approach called adaptive mean (ADM) that combines the strengths of trimming and winsorization to minimize the mean square error (MSE). ADM will contribute significantly to insurers by enabling them to mitigate risk exposure caused by inaccurate premium estimation and establish more precise premiums for their clients. Furthermore, the proposed mean offers several pros compared to the conventional mean. It facilitates the natural and intuitive calculation of risk loading, identifies and measures the impact of large claims, and analyzes premium susceptibility to skewed risk by capturing the tails of the relevant loss models. In addition, this paper reviews two established, robust credibility methods (trimming and winsorization). It compares them with our proposed method, resulting in a more reliable and robustly accurate method for credibility premium estimation. We presented and analyzed two real data sets from engineering insurance companies and the Wisconsin Office of the Insurance Commissioner to highlight the advances of ADM in minimizing the MSE and building more robust credibility models that are less vulnerable to outlier events and model uncertainty.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
280. STING-activating dendritic cell-targeted nanovaccines that evoke potent antigen cross-presentation for cancer immunotherapy
- Author
-
Nguyen Thi Nguyen, Xuan Thien Le, Woo Tak Lee, Yong Taik Lim, Kyung Taek Oh, Eun Seong Lee, Han-Gon Choi, and Yu Seok Youn
- Subjects
DC-based nanovaccines ,Artificial antigen-presenting cells ,Type 1 conventional dendritic cells ,STING pathway activation ,Antigen cross-presentation ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Recently, nanovaccine-based immunotherapy has been robustly investigated due to its potential in governing the immune response and generating long-term protective immunity. However, the presentation of a tumor peptide-major histocompatibility complex to T lymphocytes is still a challenge that needs to be addressed for eliciting potent antitumor immunity. Type 1 conventional dendritic cell (cDC1) subset is of particular interest due to its pivotal contribution in the cross-presentation of exogenous antigens to CD8+ T cells. Here, the DC-derived nanovaccine (denoted as Si9GM) selectively targets cDC1s with marginal loss of premature antigen release for effective stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated antigen cross-presentation. Bone marrow dendritic cell (BMDC)-derived membranes, conjugated to cDC1-specific antibody (αCLEC9A) and binding to tumor peptide (OVA257-264), are coated onto dendrimer-like polyethylenimine (PEI)-grafted silica nanoparticles. Distinct molecular weight-cargos (αCLEC9A-OVA257-264 conjugates and 2′3′-cGAMP STING agonists) are loaded in hierarchical center-radial pores that enables lysosome escape for potent antigen-cross presentation and activates interferon type I, respectively. Impressively, Si9GM vaccination leads to the upregulation of cytotoxic T cells, a reduction in tumor regulatory T cells (Tregs), M1/M2 macrophage polarization, and immune response that synergizes with αPD-1 immune checkpoint blockade. This nanovaccine fulfills a dual role for both direct T cell activation as an artificial antigen-presenting cell and DC subset maturation, indicating its utility in clinical therapy and precision medicine.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
281. Reassessing the genetic lineage tracing of lingual Lgr5+ and Lgr6+ cells in vivo
- Author
-
Hyun Ji Kim, Dong Woo Seo, Jaewon Shim, Jun-Seok Lee, Sang-Hyun Choi, Dong-Hoon Kim, Seok Jun Moon, Han-Sung Jung, and Yong Taek Jeong
- Subjects
Taste/taste physiology ,stem cells ,differentiation ,lineage tracing ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Taste buds, the neuroepithelial organs responsible for the detection of gustatory stimuli in the oral cavity, arise from stem/progenitor cells among nearby basal keratinocytes. Using genetic lineage tracing, Lgr5 and Lgr6 were suggested as the specific markers for the stem/progenitor cells of taste buds, but recent evidence implied that taste buds may arise even in the absence of these markers. Thus, we wanted to verify the genetic lineage tracing of lingual Lgr5- and Lgr6-expressing cells. Unexpectedly, we found that antibody staining revealed more diverse Lgr5-expressing cells inside and outside the taste buds of circumvallate papillae than was previously suggested. We also found that, while tamoxifen-induced genetic recombination occurred only in cells expressing the Lgr5 reporter GFP, we did not see any increase in the number of recombined daughter cells induced by consecutive injections of tamoxifen. Similarly, we found that cells expressing Lgr6, another stem/progenitor cell marker candidate and an analog of Lgr5, also do not generate recombined clones. In contrast, Lgr5-expressing cells in fungiform papillae can transform into Lgr5-negative progeny. Together, our data indicate that lingual Lgr5- and Lgr6-expressing cells exhibit diversity in their capacity to transform into Lgr5- and Lgr6-negative cells, depending on their location. Our results complement previous findings that did not distinguish this diversity.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
282. Confounding amplifies the effect of environmental factors on COVID-19
- Author
-
Zihan Hao, Shujuan Hu, Jianping Huang, Jiaxuan Hu, Zhen Zhang, Han Li, and Wei Yan
- Subjects
COVID-19 ,Environmental factors ,Causal analysis ,Double machine learning ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted human health and socioeconomic development, posing an enormous public health challenge. Extensive research has been conducted into the relationship between environmental factors and the transmission of COVID-19. However, numerous factors influence the development of pandemic outbreaks, and the presence of confounding effects on the mechanism of action complicates the assessment of the role of environmental factors in the spread of COVID-19. Direct estimation of the role of environmental factors without removing the confounding effects will be biased. To overcome this critical problem, we developed a Double Machine Learning (DML) causal model to estimate the debiased causal effects of the influencing factors in the COVID-19 outbreaks in Chinese cities. Comparative experiments revealed that the traditional multiple linear regression model overestimated the impact of environmental factors. Environmental factors are not the dominant cause of widespread outbreaks in China in 2022. In addition, by further analyzing the causal effects of environmental factors, it was verified that there is significant heterogeneity in the role of environmental factors. The causal effect of environmental factors on COVID-19 changes with the regional environment. It is therefore recommended that when exploring the mechanisms by which environmental factors influence the spread of epidemics, confounding factors must be handled carefully in order to obtain clean quantitative results. This study offers a more precise representation of the impact of environmental factors on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as a framework for more accurately quantifying the factors influencing the outbreak.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
283. scIALM: A method for sparse scRNA-seq expression matrix imputation using the Inexact Augmented Lagrange Multiplier with low error
- Author
-
Xiaohong Liu, Han Wang, and Jingyang Gao
- Subjects
scRNA-seq ,Inexact Augmented Lagrange Multiplier ,Sparse matrix imputation ,Dropout imputation ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a high-throughput sequencing technology that quantifies gene expression profiles of specific cell populations at the single-cell level, providing a foundation for studying cellular heterogeneity and patient pathological characteristics. It is effective for developmental, fertility, and disease studies. However, the cell-gene expression matrix of single-cell sequencing data is often sparse and contains numerous zero values. Some of the zero values derive from noise, where dropout noise has a large impact on downstream analysis. In this paper, we propose a method named scIALM for imputation recovery of sparse single-cell RNA data expression matrices, which employs the Inexact Augmented Lagrange Multiplier method to use sparse but clean (accurate) data to recover unknown entries in the matrix. We perform experimental analysis on four datasets, calling the expression matrix after Quality Control (QC) as the original matrix, and comparing the performance of scIALM with six other methods using mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), and cosine similarity (CS). Our results demonstrate that scIALM accurately recovers the original data of the matrix with an error of 10e-4, and the mean value of the four metrics reaches 4.5072 (MSE), 0.765 (MAE), 0.8701 (PCC), 0.8896 (CS). In addition, at 10%-50% random masking noise, scIALM is the least sensitive to the masking ratio. For downstream analysis, this study uses adjusted rand index (ARI) and normalized mutual information (NMI) to evaluate the clustering effect, and the results are improved on three datasets containing real cluster labels.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
284. SUDAZFLNC – a curated and searchable online database for zebrafish lncRNAs, mRNAs, miRNAs, and circadian expression profiles
- Author
-
Shital Kumar Mishra and Han Wang
- Subjects
LncRNAs ,MiRNAs ,MRNAs ,Database ,Zebrafish ,Bioinformatics ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a model organism for investigating lncRNAs-driven fundamental biological processes, such as circadian rhythms, physiology, metabolism, and various diseases. While state-of-the-art sequencing technologies have identified an increasing number of lncRNAs in zebrafish, their annotations are far from complete. In this study, we collect 28,925 lncRNAs from both the published studies and our own RNA-seq analyses and establish a novel webserver-based database called SUDAZFLNC (https://sudarna.website/). The database, containing 28,925 lncRNAs, 25,432 mRNAs, and 368 miRNAs, provides several crucial features and annotations for the zebrafish RNAs, such as sequence identifiers (IDs), sequence length, hexamer score, coding probabilities, GO and KEGG annotations, and micropeptides. SUDAZFLNC also includes time-course expression profiles of 3288 lncRNAs, 25,432 mRNAs, and 342 miRNAs generated from our RNA-seq experiments, and 149, 4407, and 43 rhythmically expressed lncRNAs, mRNAs, and miRNAs, respectively. Based on the peak expression patterns, we classified these RNAs into morning RNAs, evening RNAs, and night RNAs. Users of the database can access the RNA sequences and their expression profiles by searching the corresponding IDs from the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of the database. The database supports several features to investigate RNA sequences and expression profiles, including BLAST, search of sequence and data, ID conversion, and RNA-RNA interaction prediction. This is the largest curated database of zebrafish RNAs and their expression profiles to date.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
285. Biological characteristics of Muse cells derived from MenSCs and their application in acute liver injury and intracerebral hemorrhage diseases
- Author
-
Han Li, Jinghui Wei, Mingzhi Li, Yaoqiang Li, Tong Zhang, Jialu Tian, Xuejia Liu, Kangjia Li, and Juntang Lin
- Subjects
MenSCs ,Muse cell ,Acute liver injury ,Intracerebral hemorrhage ,Cell transplantation ,Regenerative medicine ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
The increasing interest in multilineage differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells within the field of regenerative medicine is attributed to their exceptional homing capabilities, prolonged viability in adverse conditions, and enhanced three-germ-layer differentiate ability, surpassing their parent mesenchymal stem cells. Given their abundant sources, non-invasive collection procedure, and periodic availability, human menstrual blood-derived endometrium stem cells (MenSCs) have been extensively investigated as a potential resource for stem cell-based therapies. However, there is no established modality to isolate Muse cells from MenSCs and disparity in gene expression profiles between Muse cells and MenSCs remain unknown. In this study, Muse cells were isolated from MenSCs by long-time trypsin incubation method. Muse cells expressed pluripotency markers and could realize multilineage differentiation in vitro. Compared with MenSCs, Muse cells showed enhanced homing ability and superior therapeutic efficacy in animal models of acute liver injury (ALI) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Furthermore, the RNA-seq analysis offers insights into the mechanism underlying the disparity in trypsin resistance and migration ability between Muse and MenSCs cells. This research offers a significant foundation for further exploration of cell-based therapies using MenSCs-derived Muse cells in the context of various human diseases, highlighting their promising application in the field of regenerative medicine.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
286. Databases and computational methods for the identification of piRNA-related molecules: A survey
- Author
-
Chang Guo, Xiaoli Wang, and Han Ren
- Subjects
piRNA ,Machine learning ,Deep learning ,Computational methods ,piRNA–disease association prediction ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that plays important roles in many biological processes and major cancer diagnosis and treatment, thus becoming a hot research topic. This study aims to provide an in-depth review of computational piRNA-related research, including databases and computational models. Herein, we perform literature analysis and use comparative evaluation methods to summarize and analyze three aspects of computational piRNA-related research: (i) computational models for piRNA-related molecular identification tasks, (ii) computational models for piRNA–disease association prediction tasks, and (iii) computational resources and evaluation metrics for these tasks. This study shows that computational piRNA-related research has significantly progressed, exhibiting promising performance in recent years, whereas they also suffer from the emerging challenges of inconsistent naming systems and the lack of data. Different from other reviews on piRNA-related identification tasks that focus on the organization of datasets and computational methods, we pay more attention to the analysis of computational models, algorithms, and performances that aim to provide valuable references for computational piRNA-related identification tasks. This study will benefit the theoretical development and practical application of piRNAs by better understanding computational models and resources to investigate the biological functions and clinical implications of piRNA.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
287. Thousands of oscillating LncRNAs in the mouse testis
- Author
-
Shital Kumar Mishra, Taole Liu, and Han Wang
- Subjects
Mouse ,Testis ,Circadian rhythmicity ,LncRNAs ,LncRNA-encoded peptides ,Bioinformatics ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in numerous fundamental biological processes, including circadian regulation. Although recent studies have revealed insights into the functions of lncRNAs, how the lncRNAs regulate circadian rhythms still requires a deeper investigation. In this study, we generate two datasets of RNA-seq profiles of the mouse (Mus musculus) testis under light-dark (LD) cycle. The first dataset included 18,613 unannotated transcripts measured at 12 time points, each with duplicate samples, under LD conditions; while the second dataset included 21,414 unannotated transcripts measured at six time points, each with three replicates, under desynchronized and control conditions. We identified 5964 testicular lncRNAs in each dataset by BLASTing these transcripts against the known mouse lncRNAs from the NONCODE database. MetaCycle analyses were performed to identify 519, 475, and 494 rhythmically expressed mouse testicular lncRNAs in the 12-time-point dataset, the six-time-point control dataset, and the six-time-point desynchronized dataset, respectively. A comparison of the expression profiles of the lncRNAs under desynchronized and control conditions revealed that 427 rhythmically expressed lncRNAs from the control condition became arrhythmic under the desynchronized condition, suggesting a possible loss of rhythmicity. In contrast, 446 arrhythmic lncRNAs from the control condition became rhythmic under the desynchronized condition, suggesting a possible gain of rhythmicity. Interestingly, 48 lncRNAs were rhythmically expressed under both desynchronized and control conditions. These oscillating lncRNAs were divided into morning lncRNAs, evening lncRNAs, and night lncRNAs based on their time-course expression patterns. We interrogated the promoter regions of these rhythmically expressed mouse testicular lncRNAs to predict their possible regulation by the E-box, D-box, or RORE promoter motifs. GO and KEGG analyses were performed to identify the possible biological functions of these rhythmically expressed mouse testicular lncRNAs. Further, we conducted conservation analyses of the rhythmically expressed mouse testicular lncRNAs with lncRNAs from humans, rats, and zebrafish, and uncovered three mouse testicular lncRNAs conserved across these four species. Finally, we computationally predicted the conserved lncRNA-encoded peptides and their 3D structures from each of the four species. Taken together, our study revealed thousands of rhythmically expressed lncRNAs in the mouse testis, setting the stage for further computational and experimental validations.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
288. Research progress on the impact of cataract surgery on corneal endothelial cells
- Author
-
Chen Yang, Qi An, Han Zhou, and Hongyan Ge
- Subjects
Cataract ,Corneal endothelial cells ,Surgical treatment ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Background: Cataracts are a common eye disease and a major cause of blindness in China and worldwide. In China, the incidence of cataracts among people over 60 years old is as high as 80%. Surgery is the primary treatment for various types of cataracts, but such invasive procedures can affect corneal endothelial cells to some extent. Content: Cataract surgery can damage corneal endothelial cells, leading to complications such as corneal edema in mild cases. Severe damage can result in endothelial decompensation, necessitating secondary corneal endothelial transplantation. Preoperative thorough assessment of endothelial status, intraoperative endothelial protection measures, and postoperative active use of medications to prevent further damage to endothelial cells can reduce endothelial cell loss. Factors influencing endothelial cell status include whether the patient has related systemic diseases or ocular conditions, the hardness of the nucleus, the choice of surgical incision, the method of nuclear fragmentation, the type of viscoelastic agent used, the orientation of the phacoemulsification needle bevel, the duration and energy of ultrasound use, the choice of fluid control system, the use of protective auxiliary instruments, the application of intraocular lens scaffold technology, femtosecond laser assistance, and the use of certain medications. Conclusions: Actively regulating the factors affecting corneal endothelial cells to reduce damage related to cataract surgery is crucial. This paper reviews the existing literature on various factors affecting corneal endothelial cells during cataract surgery and explores future developments and research directions.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
289. Promotion of osteochondral repair through immune microenvironment regulation and activation of endogenous chondrogenesis via the release of apoptotic vesicles from donor MSCs
- Author
-
Guangzhao Tian, Han Yin, Jinxuan Zheng, Rongcheng Yu, Zhengang Ding, Zineng Yan, Yiqi Tang, Jiang Wu, Chao Ning, Xun Yuan, Chenxi Liao, Xiang Sui, Zhe Zhao, Shuyun Liu, Weimin Guo, and Quanyi Guo
- Subjects
Apoptotic vesicles ,Cartilage regeneration ,Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ,Macrophage polarization ,Tissue engineering ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Utilizing transplanted human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) for cartilage defects yielded advanced tissue regeneration, but the underlying mechanism remain elucidated. Early after HUMSCs delivery to the defects, we observed substantial apoptosis. The released apoptotic vesicles (apoVs) of HUMSCs promoted cartilage regeneration by alleviating the chondro-immune microenvironment. ApoVs triggered M2 polarization in macrophages while simultaneously facilitating the chondrogenic differentiation of endogenous MSCs. Mechanistically, in macrophages, miR-100-5p delivered by apoVs activated the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway to promote M2 polarization. In MSCs, let-7i-5p delivered by apoVs promoted chondrogenic differentiation by targeting the eEF2K/p38 MAPK axis. Consequently, a cell-free cartilage regeneration strategy using apoVs combined with a decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix (DCM) scaffold effectively promoted the regeneration of osteochondral defects. Overall, new mechanisms of cartilage regeneration by transplanted MSCs were unconcealed in this study. Moreover, we provided a novel experimental basis for cell-free tissue engineering-based cartilage regeneration utilizing apoVs.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
290. High-performance Mg–Zn alloy achieved by the ultrafine grain and nanoparticle design
- Author
-
Wenhui Wang, Xiyue Zhang, Anke Zhang, Han Yu, Xinbao Kang, Cheng Wang, Yang Song, Jiahua Ni, Mikhail L. Zheludkevich, and Xiaonong Zhang
- Subjects
Biodegradable metal ,Mg alloy ,Ultrafine grains ,Nanoparticles ,ECAP ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Improving the comprehensive performance of low alloyed Mg is a significant challenge for biomedical applications. This paper developed a high-performance Mg–Zn alloy with uniform ultrafine grains and nano-precipitates through a straightforward, high-temperature reciprocating equal channel angle extrusion (ECAP) process and researched the microstructure, mechanical property, degradation behaviour, and biocompatibility of the developed alloy. Results showed that the lean Mg–2Zn alloy successfully refined grain to about 1 μm and produced plenty of nano-particles with uniform distribution, providing high comprehensive mechanical properties (YS: 235 MPa, UTS: 267 MPa, EL: 15.6 %). Additionally, Zn-riched nano-particles in the matrix could decrease the Zn aggregation at the corrosion layer-matrix interface and form a dense oxide film, achieving a low degradation rate (0.13 mm/year in vivo). Finally, this work realizes the low alloy content, low cost, and good properties of one biodegradable Mg alloy, which will benefit the promotion of future clinical applications.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
291. Lagrangian relaxation-based approaches for cooperative location and assignment of emergency responders
- Author
-
Yang Zhou, Han Liu, Naiyu Wang, and Yu Gu
- Subjects
Fire Response optimization ,Facility location and assignment problem ,Cooperative responder logistics ,Mixed-integer program ,Lagrangian relaxation ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Efficient fire response and the coordination of various fire vehicles are paramount for delivering optimal services and conducting effective rescue operations. This study explores the challenges of cooperative station location and vehicle assignment, focusing on the synergistic dispatch of fire vehicles from multiple stations. It highlights that the response time of the last arriving vehicle, crucial for forming a complete and effective response unit, is a critical determinant in the overall success of fire rescue operations. The primary objective of the model is to minimize the total system cost, encompassing both the capital investment in fire stations and the potential losses from fire incidents. By employing a Lagrangian relaxation technique, the model effectively simplifies the optimization challenge into more manageable sub-problems, thereby enhancing solution accuracy. The robustness and flexibility of the model were tested through simulations in a hypothetical network and a real-world scenario, using data from urban fire services. The results demonstrate the model’s scalability and adaptability to different network configurations and operational constraints, showcasing its potential to substantially enhance emergency response efficiency and decision-making in urban fire management. This research makes a significant contribution to emergency response management by providing a validated framework that improves the coordination and effectiveness of fire rescue operations, thereby reducing fire damage and enhancing public safety.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
292. Comparative optimization of polysaccharide-based nanoformulations for cardiac RNAi therapy
- Author
-
Han Gao, Sen Li, Zhengyi Lan, Da Pan, Gonna Somu Naidu, Dan Peer, Chenyi Ye, Hangrong Chen, Ming Ma, Zehua Liu, and Hélder A. Santos
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Ionotropic gelation is widely used to fabricate targeting nanoparticles (NPs) with polysaccharides, leveraging their recognition by specific lectins. Despite the fabrication scheme simply involves self-assembly of differently charged components in a straightforward manner, the identification of a potent combinatory formulation is usually limited by structural diversity in compound collections and trivial screen process, imposing crucial challenges for efficient formulation design and optimization. Herein, we report a diversity-oriented combinatory formulation screen scheme to identify potent gene delivery cargo in the context of precision cardiac therapy. Distinct categories of cationic compounds are tested to construct RNA delivery system with an ionic polysaccharide framework, utilizing a high-throughput microfluidics workstation coupled with streamlined NPs characterization system in an automatic, step-wise manner. Sequential computational aided interpretation provides insights in formulation optimization in a broader scenario, highlighting the usefulness of compound library diversity. As a result, the out-of-bag NPs, termed as GluCARDIA NPs, are utilized for loading therapeutic RNA to ameliorate cardiac reperfusion damages and promote the long-term prognosis. Overall, this work presents a generalizable formulation design strategy for polysaccharides, offering design principles for combinatory formulation screen and insights for efficient formulation identification and optimization.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
293. YY1 mediated DCUN1D5 transcriptional activation promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression by targeting FN1/PI3K/AKT pathway
- Author
-
Yuxiang Lin, Yan Li, Xiaobin Chen, Xuan Jin, Meichen Jiang, Han Xiao, Lili Chen, Minyan Chen, Wenzhe Zhang, Hanxi Chen, Qian Nie, Rongrong Guo, Wenhui Guo, Fangmeng Fu, and Chuan Wang
- Subjects
Triple-negative breast cancer ,Progression ,DCUN1D5 ,FN1 ,YY1 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is more aggressive and has a higher metastasis rate compared with other subtypes of breast cancer. Due to the lack of drug-targetable receptors, chemotherapy is now the only available systemic treatment for TNBC. However, some patients might still develop drug resistance and have poor prognosis. Therefore, novel molecular biomarkers and new treatment targets are urgently needed for patients with TNBC. To provide molecular insights into TNBC progression, we investigated the function and the underlying mechanism of Defective in cullin neddylation 1 domain containing 5 (DCUN1D5) in the regulation of TNBC. By TCGA dataset and surgical specimens with immunohistochemical (IHC) staining method, DCUN1D5 was identified to be significantly upregulated in TNBC tumor tissues and negatively associated with prognosis. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to confirm the oncogenic role of DCUN1D5 in TNBC. Overexpression of FN1 or PI3K/AKT activator IGF-1 could restore the proliferative and invasive ability induced by DCUN1D5 knockdown and DCUN1D5 could act as a novel transcriptional target of transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1). In conclusion, YY1-enhanced DCUN1D5 expression could promote TNBC progression by FN1/PI3K/AKT pathway and DCUN1D5 might be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for TNBC treatment.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
294. Dynamic risk assessment of gas pipeline operation process by fusing visual and olfactory monitoring
- Author
-
Denglong Ma, Weigao Mao, Guangsen Zhang, Chaoyi Liu, Yi Han, Xiaoming Zhang, Hansheng Wang, Kang Cen, Wan Lu, Denghui Li, and Hanyue Zhang
- Subjects
Gas pipeline maintenance ,Dynamic risk assessment ,Visual-olfactory fusion ,Risk matrix ,Risk quantification model ,Risk in industry. Risk management ,HD61 - Abstract
With the rapid increase in urban gas consumption, the frequency of maintenance and repair of gas pipelines has escalated, leading to a rise in safety accidents during these processes. The traditional manual supervision model presents challenges such as inaccurate monitoring results, incomplete risk factor analysis, and a lack of quantitative risk assessment. This research focuses on developing a dynamic risk assessment technology for gas emergency repair operations by integrating the monitoring outcomes of artificial olfactory for gas leakage information and video object recognition for visual safety factor monitoring data. To quantitatively evaluate the risk of the operation process, a three-dimensional risk assessment model combining gas leakage with risk-correlated sensitivity was established as well as a separate three-dimensional risk assessment model integrating visual risk factors with predictable risk disposition. Furthermore, a visual risk quantification expression mode based on the risk matrix-radar map method was introduced. Additionally, a risk quantification model based on the fusion of visual and olfactory results was formulated. The verification results of simulation scenarios based on field data indicate that the visual-olfactory fusion risk assessment method can more accurately reflect the dynamic risk level of the operation process compared to simple visual safety factor monitoring. The outcomes of this research can contribute to the identification of safety status and early warning of risks related to personnel, equipment, and environmental factors in emergency repair operations. Moreover, these results can be extended to other operational scenarios, such as oil and gas production stations and long-distance pipeline operations.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
295. Parsimonious estimation of hourly surface ozone concentration across China during 2015–2020
- Author
-
Wenxiu Zhang, Di Liu, Hanqin Tian, Naiqin Pan, Ruqi Yang, Wenhan Tang, Jia Yang, Fei Lu, Buddhi Dayananda, Han Mei, Siyuan Wang, and Hao Shi
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Surface ozone is an important air pollutant detrimental to human health and vegetation productivity, particularly in China. However, high resolution surface ozone concentration data is still lacking, largely hindering accurate assessment of associated environmental impacts. Here, we collected hourly ground ozone observations (over 6 million records), remote sensing products, meteorological data, and social-economic information, and applied recurrent neural networks to map hourly surface ozone data (HrSOD) at a 0.1° × 0.1° resolution across China during 2015–2020. The coefficient of determination (R2) values in sample-based, site-based, and by-year cross-validations were 0.72, 0.65 and 0.71, respectively, with the root mean square error (RMSE) values being 11.71 ppb (mean = 30.89 ppb), 12.81 ppb (mean = 30.96 ppb) and 11.14 ppb (mean = 31.26 ppb). Moreover, it exhibits high spatiotemporal consistency with ground-level observations at different time scales (diurnal, seasonal, annual), and at various spatial levels (individual sites and regional scales). Meanwhile, the HrSOD provides critical information for fine-resolution assessment of surface ozone impacts on environmental and human benefits.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
296. RUFY4 deletion prevents pathological bone loss by blocking endo-lysosomal trafficking of osteoclasts
- Author
-
Minhee Kim, Jin Hee Park, Miyeon Go, Nawon Lee, Jeongin Seo, Hana Lee, Doyong Kim, Hyunil Ha, Taesoo Kim, Myeong Seon Jeong, Suree Kim, Han Sung Kim, Dongmin Kang, Hyunbo Shim, and Soo Young Lee
- Subjects
Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Abstract Mature osteoclasts degrade bone matrix by exocytosis of active proteases from secretory lysosomes through a ruffled border. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying lysosomal trafficking and secretion in osteoclasts remain largely unknown. Here, we show with GeneChip analysis that RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 4 (RUFY4) is strongly upregulated during osteoclastogenesis. Mice lacking Rufy4 exhibited a high trabecular bone mass phenotype with abnormalities in osteoclast function in vivo. Furthermore, deleting Rufy4 did not affect osteoclast differentiation, but inhibited bone-resorbing activity due to disruption in the acidic maturation of secondary lysosomes, their trafficking to the membrane, and their secretion of cathepsin K into the extracellular space. Mechanistically, RUFY4 promotes late endosome-lysosome fusion by acting as an adaptor protein between Rab7 on late endosomes and LAMP2 on primary lysosomes. Consequently, Rufy4-deficient mice were highly protected from lipopolysaccharide- and ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Thus, RUFY4 plays as a new regulator in osteoclast activity by mediating endo-lysosomal trafficking and have a potential to be specific target for therapies against bone-loss diseases such as osteoporosis.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
297. Emergence of subharmonics in a microwave driven dissipative Rydberg gas
- Author
-
Zong-Kai Liu, Kong-Hao Sun, Albert Cabot, Federico Carollo, Jun Zhang, Zheng-Yuan Zhang, Li-Hua Zhang, Bang Liu, Tian-Yu Han, Qing Li, Yu Ma, Han-Chao Chen, Igor Lesanovsky, Dong-Sheng Ding, and Bao-Sen Shi
- Subjects
Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Quantum many-body systems near phase transitions respond collectively to externally applied perturbations. We explore this phenomenon in a laser-driven dissipative Rydberg gas that is tuned to a bistable regime. Here two metastable phases coexist, which feature a low and high density of Rydberg atoms, respectively. The ensuing collective dynamics, which we monitor in situ, is characterized by stochastic collective jumps between these two macroscopically distinct many-body phases. We show that the statistics of these jumps can be controlled using a dual-tone microwave field. In particular, we find that the distribution of jump times develops peaks corresponding to subharmonics of the relative microwave detuning. Our study demonstrates the control of collective statistical properties of dissipative quantum many-body systems without the necessity of fine-tuning or of ultracold temperatures. Such robust many-body phenomena may find technological applications in sensing.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
298. Construction of an interpretable model for predicting survival outcomes in patients with middle to advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (≥5 cm) using lasso-cox regression
- Author
-
Han Li, Bo Yang, Chenjie Wang, Bo Li, Lei Han, Yi Jiang, Yanqiong Song, Lianbin Wen, Mingyue Rao, Jianwen Zhang, Xueting Li, Kun He, and Yunwei Han
- Subjects
LASSO-COX ,nomogram ,interpretable ,hepatocellular carcinoma ,radiotherapy ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
BackgroundIn this retrospective study, we aimed to identify key risk factors and establish an interpretable model for HCC with a diameter ≥ 5 cm using Lasso regression for effective risk stratification and clinical decision-making.MethodsIn this study, 843 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and tumor diameter ≥ 5 cm were included. Using Lasso regression to screen multiple characteristic variables, cox proportional hazard regression and random survival forest models (RSF) were established. By comparing the area under the curve (AUC), the optimal model was selected. The model was visualized, and the order of interpretable importance was determined. Finally, risk stratification was established to identify patients at high risk.ResultLasso regression identified 8 factors as characteristic risk factors. Subsequent analysis revealed that the lasso-cox model had AUC values of 0.773, 0.758, and 0.799, while the lasso-RSF model had AUC values of 0.734, 0.695, and 0.741, respectively. Based on these results, the lasso-cox model was chosen as the superior model. Interpretability assessments using SHAP values indicated that the most significant characteristic risk factors, in descending order of importance, were tumor number, BCLC stage, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ascites, albumin (ALB), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Additionally, through risk score stratification and subgroup analysis, it was observed that the median OS of the low-risk group was significantly better than that of the middle- and high-risk groups.ConclusionWe have developed an interpretable predictive model for middle and late HCC with tumor diameter ≥ 5 cm using lasso-cox regression analysis. This model demonstrates excellent prediction performance and can be utilized for risk stratification.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
299. Long Noncoding RNAs MALAT1 and HOTTIP Act as Serum Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Author
-
Han Bao PhD, Yutian Jiang MSc, Ning Wang PhD, Hongying Su PhD, and Xiangjun Han PhD
- Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Background Circulating tumor markers with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity play crucial roles in cancer diagnosis and therapy. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the potential of circulating lncRNAs as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A total of 74 patients with HCC and 94 healthy controls were enrolled. The expression levels of candidate genes in serum were detected by qRT-PCR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and logistic regression were employed to investigate the diagnostic capacity of lncRNAs. The analysis of 3-year overall survival (OS) was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Results Of the 9 candidate genes, 6 lncRNAs could be stably detected in serum. The expression levels of circulating MALAT1 and HOTTIP in HCC patients were significantly higher than those in controls ( P < 0.001). ROC analysis showed that MALAT1 and HOTTIP were more effective than alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ( P < 0.010) in the diagnosis of HCC, with AUCs of 0.896 and 0.899, respectively. Additionally, a panel consisting of MALAT1, HOTTIP, and AFP was constructed to obtain an AUC of 0.968 with a sensitivity of 87.8% and specificity of 94.7% in HCC diagnosis. Moreover, the upregulation of MALAT1 was not only related to multiple tumor lesions, HCV infection, AST level, and AFP level, but also suggested shorter OS. A high expression level of HOTTIP was associated with metastasis. Conclusion Serum MALAT1 and HOTTIP play indicative roles as non-invasive biomarkers for HCC.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
300. Clopidogrel Versus Aspirin as Chronic Maintenance Antiplatelet Monotherapy in Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Post Hoc Analysis of the HOST‐EXAM Trial
- Author
-
Jeehoon Kang, Sang‐Hyeon Park, Kyung Woo Park, Bon‐Kwon Koo, Huijin Lee, Minju Han, Doyeon Hwang, Han‐Mo Yang, In‐Ho Chae, Won‐Yong Shin, Ju Hyeon Oh, Yong Hoon Kim, Tae‐Ho Park, Bum Soo Kim, Jung‐Kyu Han, Eun‐Seok Shin, and Hyo‐Soo Kim
- Subjects
aspirin ,chronic kidney disease ,clopidogrel ,percutaneous coronary intervention ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Background Clopidogrel monotherapy improved clinical outcomes compared with aspirin monotherapy during a chronic maintenance period in patients who underwent coronary stenting in the HOST‐EXAM (Harmonizing Optimal Strategy for Treatment of Coronary Artery Stenosis–Extended Antiplatelet Monotherapy) trial. However, it is uncertain whether the beneficial effect of clopidogrel over aspirin is different according to the renal function. Methods and Results We conducted a post hoc analysis of the HOST‐EXAM trial. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.