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High frequency ventilation (HFV) is a kind of lung protective ventilation strategy. High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) can decrease the water content, relocate interstitial fluid and accelerate lymph flow in the lung of dogs with smoke inhalation injury. HFJV can effectively improve breathing mechanics and gas exchange in dogs with smoke inhalation injury. Clinical application also proves that HFV is efficient in treatment of inhalation injury.

The present study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes and prognostic factors of elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing hepatectomy. From January 1983 to December 2006, 2,283 patients with HCC received hepatectomy in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. The clinicopathological data and treatment outcomes of 67 elderly HCC patients (elderly group, ≥70 years of age) and 268 patients (control group

To investigate the effects of taurine on myocardial mitochondria and their enzyme activities in rats with severe burn.One hundred and twenty healthy adult Wistar rats were subjected to 30% TBSA full-thickness burn. They were randomly divided into burn group (B, with intraperitoneal injection of isotonic saline), treatment group (T, with intraperitoneal injection of taurine, 200 mg/kg),with 60 rats in each group . Ten rats with sham scald were used as control (S group). The myocardial tissue samples in B and T groups were harvested at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 postburn hours (PBH) for determination of activity respectively of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome oxidase (CCO), the superoxide dismutase (SOD), Ca2+ -ATPase in mitochondria, and contents of cytochrome c (Cyt c), cytochrome aa3 (Cyt aa3), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Ca2+ in mitochondria and cytoplasm . The myocardial tissue samples of controls were harvested at 1 PBH for determination of above indices.The activity of CCO in B group was decreased at 1 PBH , especially at 6 ,12 PBH. The activity of SDH in B group was decreased to lowest level at 6 PBH, and its value was lower than that of S group at each time point. The activity of CCO or SDH in T group was not obviously decreased, and the activity of CCO at 3, 6, 12 PBH showed significant difference compared with B group (P0.05). The contents of Cyt aa3 and Cyt c in B group at 3, 6, 12, 24 PBH were obviously decreased, which were significantly lower than those in T group (P0.05). The activity of SOD in B group at 3, 6, 12 PBH was obviously decreased, the activity of Ca2+ -ATPase at 3, 6, 12 and 24 PBH was decreased to different extent, which was significantly lower than those in T group (P0.05). The MDA contents in B and T groups were higher than that in S group at 3-48 PBH ,and it was highest in B group (P0.05). The Ca2+ content of mitochondria in B group at 1 PBH was increased (13.7 +/- 1.5), and it was (24.8 +/- 2.6), (29.7 +/- 3.1), (16.3 +/- 1.9) and (13.5 +/- 1.7) at 3, 6, 12, 24 PBH respectively,and they were all higher than that of S group (10.7 +/- 1.6, P0.05). The Ca2 contents of cytoplasm in group B at 3 - 24 PBH were also higher than that in S group (P0.05). The Ca2+ content of mitochondria in T group at 3, 6, 12, 24 PBH was (16.8 +/- 2.8), (18.7 +/- 1.9), (10.5 +/- 1.8) and (13.3 +/- 1.7)respectively, which were lower than that in B group at every time point.Taurine have protective effect on mitochondria and their enzyme activities in myocardium in rats with severe burn, and it may be attributable to improving the ability of eradicating oxygen free radicals and alleviating Ca2+ overload in the mitochondria.

Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) is valuable for clinical application, however, traditional ex vivo culture negatively affects long-term hematopoietic reconstitution ability. In the hematopoietic system, the expression of Notch receptors and their ligands has been widely reported. Active Notch signal inhibits the differentiation of HSCs while promotes their expansion, suggesting that ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells could be enhanced by manipulating Notch signal pathways. In this article the Notch signal pathways, Notch signal and maintenance of hematopoietic progenitor cells, Notch signal and expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells and molecular mechanism of Notch signal maintaining undifferentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells were reviewed.

In order to construct a pichia pastoris expression vector containing the extracellular domain of human Jagged1 and the Fc fragment of human IgG1 fusion gene, or containing only the Fc fragment of human IgG1 and to express them in pichia pastoris. The extracellular domain of human Jagged1 gene was cloned from normal human bone marrow cells. After DNA sequencing, the extracellular domain of Jagged1 gene was inserted into pIC-Fc vector constructed previously, which is Pichia pastoris expression vector containing only the Fc fragment of human IgG1. The constructed plasmid was transformed into yeast GS115 by means of electroporation. The recombinant transformants with a high copy number of the plasmid were selected on MD plate with G418. The expression of protein was induced by addition of methanol. Then, protein expression was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The results indicated that the extracellular domain of human Jagged1 gene was effectively amplified. The DNA sequencing result showed that the constructed plasmid containing hJagged1(ext)-Fc fusion gene was the same as designed. The fusion protein was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris. It is concluded that the hJagged1(ext) gene has been successfully cloned and expressed, which provides a new fusion protein for further experiments, the hJagged1(ext)-Fc fusion protein can be used as a new stimulator for proliferation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in vitro.

This paper studies the problem of mining Chinese comparative sentences in text documents by using semantic role labeling (SRL). The comparative opinion can be divided into six semantic roles: holder, entity 1, comparative predicates, entity 2, attributes and sentiments. These six opinion elements were recognized and labeled by using SRL. A corpus of Chinese comparative sentences was manually labeled at first. Then a conditional random fields (CRFs) model was trained by learn from the corpus. Finally new comparative sentences were labeled by using this CRFs model, and comparative relations were extracted afterward.

Exemplar-based inpainting technique can be used to remove objects from an image and play visual tricks, which would affect the authenticity of images. In this paper, a blind detection method based on zero-connectivity feature and fuzzy membership is proposed to detect the specific doctoring. Firstly, zero-connectivity labeling is applied on block pairs to yield matching degree feature for all blocks in the region of suspicious, and fuzzy memberships are computed by constructing ascending semi-trapezoid membership function. Then the tampered regions are identified by a cut set. A num of natural and inpainted forged images are used to show the effectiveness of our method in detecting digital doctoring.

As a critical step in many multimedia applications, shot boundary detection has attracted many research interests in recent years. The most of existing methods measure the similarity among video frames based on its low-level feathers. However, they are sensitive to the change in not only brightness, color, motion of object, but also camera motions and the quality of video. This paper proposes an innovative shot boundary detection method for news video based on video object segmentation and tracking. It combines three main techniques: the partitioned histogram comparison method, the video object segmentation and tracking based on wavelet analysis. The partitioned histogram comparison is used as the first filter to effectively reduce the number of video frames which need object segmentation and tracking. The unsupervised video object segmentation and tracking based on wavelet analysis is robust to those problems mentioned above. The efficacy of the proposed method is extensively tested with more than 3 hours of CCTV and CNN news programs, and that 96.4% recall with 97.2% precision have been achieved.

To construct a Pichia pastoris expression vector PIC- hDll1(ext)-Fc, and to express the fusion protein containing the extracellular domain of human Delta-like1 and the Fc fragment of human IgG1 fusion gene in Pichia pastoris.The extracellular domain of human Delta-like1 gene was amplified from pEF-BOSneo-hdll1(ext)-Fc by PCR. The expression vector was constructed by DNA recombination. The constructed plasmid was transformed into yeast GS115 by electroporation. The recombinant transformants with a high copy number of the plasmid were selected by using MD plate and G418. The expression of protein was induced by addition of methanol.Then analyzed protein expression by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.The extracellular domain of human Delta-like1 gene was effectively amplified. The DNA sequencing result showed that the constructed plasmid containing hDll(ext)-Fc fusion gene was the same as designed. The fusion protein was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris.The hDll1(ext) gene has been successfully cloned and expressed in the form of Fc fusion protein, which provides a new fusion protein for further experiments.

To investigate the effects of glutamine enriched enteral feeding on immunoregulation in burn patients.Twenty burn patients were randomly divided into enteral nutrition (EN) group and enteral immune nutrition (EIN) group, with 12 patients in each group. Patients in EN group received a standard enteral formula, while those in EIN group received an enteral formula enriched with glutamine after hospital admission. Nutritional support was continued for 10 days. Blood samples were obtained to determine plasma level of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PAB) and transferrin (TF) at 1, 4, 7, 10 post-burn days (PBD). At the same time the concentration of immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG and IgM) were determined, the percentage of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ subpopulations of T lymphocytes, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ were determined by FCM.(1) There were no obvious difference of the plasma level of TP, ALB, TF, CD3+, IgM between the two groups at each time-point (P0.05). (2) The plasma PAB contents in EIN group were significant higher than that in EN group on 4 PBD [(90 +/- 14 vs 60 +/- 15) mg/L, P0.05], 7 PBD [(92 +/- 16 vs 64 +/- 13) mg/L, P0.05] and 10 PBD [(106 +/- 21 vs 72 +/-16) mg/L, P0.05]. (3) The percentage of CD4+ subpopulation and ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in EIN group were obviously higher than those in EN group on 7 PBD [CD4+ (55 +/- 5 vs 45 +/- 5)%, CD4+/CD8+ (1.92 +/- 0.31 vs 1.53 +/- 0.27)%, P0.05] and 10 PBD [CD4+ (56 +/- 5 vs 49 +/- 5)%, CD4+/CD8+ (2.36 +/- 0.36 vs 1.72 +/- 0.42), P0.05]. (4) The concentration of IgA and IgG in EIN group were markedly higher than that in EN group on 7 PBD [IgA (2.8 +/- 0.6 vs 2.2 +/- 0.5) g/L, IgG (12.1 +/- 1.3 vs 9.8 +/- 1.2) g/L, P0.05] and 10 PBD [IgA (3.1 +/- 0.6 vs 2.5 +/- 0.5) g/L, IgG (14.2 +/- 1.3 vs 10.4 +/- 1.3) g/L, P0.05].These findings suggest that glutamine enriched enteral feeding can improve nutritional status by promoting the synthesis of IgA, IgG, and increasing the PAB concentration, and corrected immunologic dysfunction in burn patients.

Forty three cultivated and wild Chinese medical herbs erigeron breviscapus were scanned on two Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy instruments. Twenty samples were used to set up the BP-NN models and the others were used to validate the models. Fifteen principal components, whose variance contribution rate is above 99%, were collected as input nodes for BP-NN models. The correct identification rates of calibration samples were 100% for the models on both the two instruments, and the correct identification rates of validation samples were 100% and 95.7%, irrespectively. The results showed that using NIR to fast detect cultivated and wild Chinese medical herbs erigeron breviscapus was feasible.

Samples of CuCo mixed oxide with Cu Co = 0.25 to 1.0 (atomic ratio) were prepared by coprecipitation with Na2CO3 and were characterized with TG, DSC, XRD, and XPS. Exothermic DSC peaks were observed at 588 and 808 K for Cu Co = 0.25 , and at 588, 643, and 683 K for Cu Co = 1.0 . The formation of CuCo spinel was observed by XRD after calcination of the samples at 623 K, and increased with prolonged heating at this temperature. But calcination at 773 K for 4 hr destroyed the spinel, producing CuO crystallites. Therefore, CuCo spinel is formed above 588 K and is stable at least up to 623 K for CuCo ≤ 1.0. The thermal stability of CuCo spinel decreases with increasing Cu Co ratio. The electron binding energies of Cu 2p 3 2 , Co 2p 3 2 , and O 1s are appreciably higher than those in pure CuO and Co3O4. This is explanable by the replacement of some Co3+ ions at octahedral sites of Co3O4 spinel by Cu2+, resulting in a spinel of Co2+rCu2+mxCo3+n2−xO2−4, with r + m + n = x ≤ 1. The locations of Co2+, Cu2+, and Co3+ ions in the spinel were inferred from their BE assignments, site preference energies, and the Jahn-Teller stabilization of the octahedral d9 cupric ion. For samples with a bulk Cu Co ration of 0.25, the surface ratio found by XPS is 0.35, while for Cu Co = 1.0 , the surface ratio is 0.55, indicating surface enrichment of CuCo spinel. It was also found that the CuCo spinel-enriched surface has a lower affinity for oxygen species than that of the pure oxides.

Thirty-six patients with small liver tumor were diagnosed by alpha-fetoprotein (AFP); sonography, and computed tomography (CT), and underwent hepatectomy. The pathological types included 23 hepatocelluler carcinoma (HCC), 11 hepatic cavernous hemangioma, and 2 secondary liver cancer. In 22 patients, the tumor nodules were located in the right lobe and 14 cases in the left lobe. The diagnostic accuracy rate of CT was 100% for HCC and secondary liver cancer, but for hepatic cavernous hemangioma it was only 72.2%. However, the accuracy rate of sonography was as high as 81.8% for hepatic cavernous hemangioma and only 60.4% for liver malignancies. The positive rate of AFP for the HCC patients of this series was only 66.6%. The method of intraoperative detection of small liver tumor is introduced, if the tumor was invisible grossly or nonpalpable during exploratory laparotomy. In the series, 7 cases in whom the right lobe lesion was too small to be located by routine manual examination during exploratory laparotomy were detected by this method, and all small liver tumors were resected successfully.

To explore the influence of lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in RAW264.7 macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction, and to investigate its possible mechanisms.The RAW264.7 macrophages were randomly divided into four groups: i. e, control group (without treatment), LaCl3 group (with treatment of 2.5 micromol/L of LaCl3 for 24 hrs), LaCl3 + LPS group (with treatment of 2.5 micromol/L LaCl3 for 24h), and LPS group (with treatment of 1 mg/L LPS for 24 hrs). The iNOS protein expression was measured by immunofluorescence and Western blot. iNOS gene expression was assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). NO production in culture supernatant was assayed by nitrate reductase method.Immunofluorescence analysis showed that iNOS was located mainly in the cytoplasm. RAW264.7 cells with overexpression of iNOS accounted for 44.4%, which was obviously higher than that in LaCl3 + LPS group (11.8%, P0.05). There was a faint signal of FITC-labeled green tint in control group or LaCl3 group. The iNOS mRNA and protein expression, and the NO content in LPS group were significantly higher than those in control, LaCl3, and LaCl3 + LPS groups (P0.05).LaCl3 can suppress LPS-induced iNOS overexpression at mRNA and protein level and reduce NO production, indicating that LaCl3 can antagonize the excessive activation of iNOS induced by LPS.

To investigate the influence of early enteral immunonutrition on immunological function of body and intestine in severely scalded rats.Sixty-four healthy adult SD rats were subjected to 30% TBSA full-thickness scald and randomly divided into enteral nutrition group (EN, n = 32) and enteral immunonutrition group (EIN, n = 32). Another 8 healthy rats were enrolled as normal controls. The changes in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets, the PCNA expression in intestinal mucosa,the amount of plasmocytes in lamina propria of small intestine and the content of s-IgA in small intestine were determined on 1, 4, 7 and 10 post-burn days (PBD).(1) CD3+, CD4+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ were remarkably declined, while CD8+ was obviously raised after scald in EN group, and there were statistically significant differences at most of time-points when compared with those in control group (P0.05 or P0.01). CD3+, CD4+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ on 7 and 10 PBD in EIN group were obviously higher (increased from 4 PBD on, and it was 1.86 +/- 0.25 on 10 PBD) than those in EN group (CD4+/CD8+ was 1.26 +/- 0.10 on 10 PBD), while CD8+ in EIN group was evidently lower than that in EN group (P0.01). (2) The level of PCNA expression in intestinal mucosa, the amount of plasmocytes in lamina propria of small intestine and the content of s-IgA in small intestine in EIN group were increased significantly compared with EN group on 4, 7, 10 PBD (P0.05 or P0.01).Early enteral immunonutrition can improve immunological function of body and intestine after severe scald, with better results than enteral nutrition.

To investigate the influence of lanthanum on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced NF-KB activation in murine peritoneal macrophage.Peritoneal macrophages were isolated and cultured by routine method, and randomly divided into 5 groups: i. e, control group, LPS group (with LPS stimulation for 30 min), La3+ group (with 2.5 micromol/L La3+ group for 30 min) , La3+ + LPS group( with 1 microg/ml LPS stimulation for 30 min after 30 min incubation with DMEM-F12 containing 2.5 microM of lanthanum.) ; La3+/LPS group (with 2.5 microM of lanthanum stimulation for 30 min, and then with 1 microg/ml of LPS for another 30 min after lanthanum was removed. The location of NF-kappaB p65 subunit (NF-kappaB/p65) in Mphi was detected by immunofluorescence and fluorescence microscope. The binding activity of NF-kappaB/p65 with DNA in nuclei was detected by TransAMTM NF-kappaB/p65 Transcription Factor assay kit. Meanwhile, the expression of NF-kappaB/p65 in nuclei, as well as IkappaBalpha in cytoplasm was measured by Western blotting. TNF-alpha content in culture supernatant were detected by ELISA.(1) The green fluorescence in control, La3+, La3+ LPS and La+/LPS groups was mainly located in cytoplasm, while that in LPS group was located in nuclei. The fluorescent intensity in LPS group was (116 +/- 14), which was obviously higher than that in other 4 groups (42 +/-7,73 +/-30,48 +/- 11 and 67 +/- 19, respectively, P0.01). (2) The IkappaBalpha protein level in cytoplasm in control (0.048 +/- 0.027), La3+ group (0.062 +/- 0.049), La3+ + LPS group (0.066 +/-0.031) and La3+/LPS group (0.108 +/- 0.017) was significantly lower than that in LPS group (0.435 +/-0.066, P0.01). (3) The expression and activation of nucleus p65 protein in Mphi in LPS group was obviously higher than the other 4 groups, but changes in the IkappaBalpha expression between LPS group and other 4 groups was of controversy. (4) TNFalpha level in the culture supernatant in La3+ group was lower than that in control group ( P0.05) and below the detection limit (25 pg/ml). Moreover, it in La3+ + LPS group and La3*/LPS group was lower than that in LPS group (P0.01), but higher than that in control group.LPS can activate the nucleus translocation of NF-kappaB/p65 in Mphi of mice, increase NF-KB/p65 expression and activity, but reduce IkappaBalpha protein expression, which lead to increase of TNFalpha secretion. Lanthanum can inhibit lipopolysaccharide induced NF-kappaB activation.

Weak liver function reserve of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with severe cirrhosis lead to high risk of operation. This study was to explore the safety and effects of hepatectomy for HCC patients with severe cirrhosis, and analyze prognostic factors.Clinical data of 67 HCC patients with severe cirrhosis, who underwent hepatectomy from 1998 to 2003, were reviewed. The patients were followed up till March 2006. The prognostic factors were studied by univariate and multivariate analysis.Three patients died after operation. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year cumulative survival rates were 62.6%, 46.7%, and 19.9%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that Child-Pugh classification, indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min (ICGR15), platelet count, tumor size, number of tumors, and radical resection were significant prognostic factors. Cox multivariate proportional hazard model indicated that Child-Pugh classification and radical resection were independent prognostic factors.Correct preoperative assessment of liver function reserve can increase the safety of radical surgical resection for HCC patients with severe cirrhosis.

To analyze the correlation factors affecting the incidence of burn shock, so as to provide guidance for the clinical treatment of shock after burns.Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 15 624 patients hospitalized in our department from 1973 to 2005 was undertaken . The incidence of shock during every 10 years, as well as the relationship between shock incidence and age, burn area, interval between injury and hospitalization, and complications were analyzed statistically.The incidence of shock during 1973-1980, 1981-1990, 1991-2000 and 2001-2005 periods was 14.69%, 13.50%, 9.38% and 7.88%, respectively, and there was significant difference of shock incidence between each 10 years and its succeeding period (P0.01). The occurrence of shock was closely related to age, length of time between injury and hospitalization, and burn area. The shock incidence of children under 7 years old or elderly more than 60 years old was obviously higher than other age groups, and there was positive relationship between burn area and shock incidence. Moreover, the shock incidence of the patients hospitalized later than 4 to 12 hours after burn shock was also markedly higher than those hospitalized earlier (P0.01). In addition, the incidence of sepsis, alimentary tract hemorrhage, acute renal failure, pulmonary failure, and cardiac failure in patients with shock was obviously higher than those without shock (P0.01).For the children and aged people, special attention should be paid in the prevention and resuscitation of burn shock. Early fluid resuscitation is vital for the prevention of organ complication, and it is beneficial to promote wound healing.

To investigate the changes in the serum content of immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) after burns or inhalation injury, and to explore its diagnostic significance.Twenty-four dogs were randomized into 4 groups, i. e. A (n = 6, with moderate degree inhalation injury) , B ( n = 6, with severe inhalation injury), C (n = 6, with most severe inhalation injury) and D (n = 6, with severe burns) groups. The serum content of iCT and blood gas analysis before and after injury were determined at different time points. The degree of inhalation injury was determined with fibrobronchoscopic examination at 6 post-inhalation injury hour (PIH).(1) Fiber bronchoscopic examination showed that the degree of inhalation injury in each group was coincident with the anticipation. (2) The serum content of iCT in each group at 1 PIH was obviously higher than that before injury, and it was evidently higher in A, B and C groups than that in D group at 4 PIH. The peak value of iCT in group A at 24 PIH was (453+/-224) ng/L, and it increased gradually in B and C groups at 48 PIH. The serum content of iCT increased continually from 2 PIH on, and it reached (125+/-41) ng/L at 48 PIH. (3) Compared with PaO2 value before injury (109+/-8) mmHg, there was no obvious difference of the PaO, in A and D groups. PaO2 value in B and C group began to descend continually at 8 PIH (65+/-6) mmHg, and that in C group began to descend at 4 PIH (71+/-9) mmHg. PaCO2 value in C group began to increase at 24 PIH(52+/-11) mmHg when compared with that before injury(38+/-5 ) mmHg.The changes in the serum level of iCT within 8 PIH occurred much earlier than PaO2 and PaCO2, thus it has the same diagnostic significance as fibers bronchoscopic examination.

To investigate the biological characteristics of xenogenic acellular dermal matrix( Xeno-ADM) incorporated with silver, and to observe its effect in grafting.Xeno-ADM was prepared with 0. 25% trypsin and 0. 5% triton X-100 , and then it was immersed in 2 g/L silver nitrate solution to prepare xeno-ADM incorporated with silver. The bacterial inhibitory effect of two kinds of xeno-ADM on burn wound was determined, and the histological characteristic of the wounds was observed with optical microscope, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. The Ag+ content in the xeno-ADM incorporated with silver was measured with atomic absorption spectrometer. Twenty-seven rabbits with full-thickness skin defects on the back were randomly divided into three groups, i. e. split-thickness skin autograft only( group A, n = 9) , xeno-ADM with overlying split-thickness skin autograft( group B, n = 9) , xeno-ADM incorporated with silver with overlying split-thickness skin autograft ( group C, n = 9). The skin specimens from grafted area in each group were harvested at 2,4 and 6 post-operation weeks( POW) and examined under light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The condition of the graft, the contraction degree of the grafts and the historical changes in grafting area were observed at 2,4,6 POW. The survival rate of the grafts was calculated and the proliferative activity of the lymphocyte in each group was determined at 2 POW.1. Compared with xeno-ADM, the anti-bacterial effect of xeno-ADM incorporated with silver was much better ( P0. 05). No epidermis was seen in both types of xenografts ,and the collagen fibers were even in size and arranged regularly, with no obvious degeneration, and the dermis was also devoid of cells and cellular components. The Ag + content in xeno-ADM incorporated with silver measured (2. 7+/-0. 7) mg/g. 2. The grafts in B and C groups presented similar color to that of normal skin at 6 POW, and it was smooth, with fine texture and no scarring. The collagen fibers was arranged regularly, and conjunction between epidermis and dermis, the structure of basal cell desmosome and semi-desmosome were well reconstructed. The grafts in A group was in dark red color, with obvious contraction, and easily broken. The contraction rate in A group at 2,4 and 6 POW were obviously higher than those in B and C groups( P0. 05), while no obvious difference was observed between B and C groups. ( P0. 05). The overall survival rate of the grafts in C group at 2 POW was 91.7% , which was evidently higher than that in A (77.8%) and B (80. 6% ) groups. The lymphocyte proliferative activity exhibited no difference among A, B and C groups( P0.05).The xeno-ADM incorporated with silver has good anti-bacterial effect. In addition, it preserves the basic tissue structure and integral collagen fiber scaffold, without cells to induce rejection, so that it can be used as an ideal dermal substitute.

To discover similar video segments from surveillance video sequence, a new approach is proposed for clustering motion data of moving objects. A simple background subtraction algorithm is used to get the binary mask of moving objects for segmenting the video sequence captured by fixed camera. Then a mixture of hidden Markov models (HMMs) using the expectation-maximization (EM) scheme is fitted to the motion data extracted from the binary mask. Unlike previous literatures using k-means where every observed data set only assigned to a single HMM, the proposed approach allows every video segment to belong to more than a single HMM with some probability. Experiments with real data demonstrate the benefit when there is more "overlap" in the processes generating the data. The promising potential of HMM-based motion clustering for mining similar video segments from surveillance video is also indicated by the experimental results.

In recent years, enlightened by data mining, more and more researchers over the world show great interests in video mining, which deals with the extraction of semantic info, implicit patterns and knowledge from video data to enhance the smart level of video applications. This paper investigates video mining technologies. The concepts, technical approaches and applications of video mining are summarized and discussed. The challenges in the researches of this field are also pointed out.

With the vast use of video surveillance systems, there are more and more video data. An exciting field called video mining is now putting forward which focuses on extracting semantic info, implicit patterns and knowledge from video data. In this paper, a surveillance video data mining approach is proposed to discover similar video segments from surveillance video through a probabilistic model. First, a simple background subtraction algorithm is utilized to get the binary mask of moving objects. So the motion of every frame is calculated to segment the sequence of surveillance video. Then a mixture of hidden Markov models using the expectation-maximization scheme is fitted to the motion data with some probability to identity the similar segments. Finally, abnormal events and meaningful patterns are mined. Experiments with real-time video demonstrate the promising potential of this approach.

To determine the expression of immunoglobulins in HT-29 cells (an established colon cancer cell line, and explore their effect on the biological activities of the cancer cells.)The transcripts of variable regions of immunoglobulin heavy chains in HT-29 cells were detected by RT-PCR. Antisense CDR3 (specific to HT-29)-pIRES 1 neo vector was constructed, then transfected into HT-29 cells by electroporation. Programmed cell death and growth inhibition of HT-29 cells were detected by FCM and MTT, respectively.The transcripts of Ig heavy chain (V(H) CDR3 region) were expressed in HT-29 cells. Moreover, they showed a monoclonal characteristic after being sequenced. After transfection of the antisense vector of CDR3 (specific to HT-29)-pIRES 1 neo, expression level of Ig in HT-29 cells was significantly decreased, and growth inhibition (P0.05) and apoptosis (P0.01) were induced.These results suggest that tumor derived Ig could promote the survival and growth of tumor cells.

To structuralize video streams plays an important role in the processing of video. The basic structure for video is a hierarchical structure which consists of four kinds of components, namely frame, shot, scene, and video program. A simple framework for video hierarchical structure mining is to partition continuous video frames into discrete physical shots, extract features from video shots and construct scene structure based on shots. In this paper, two crucial algorithms of video hierarchical structure mining, Multi-features Shot Clustering (MSC) and Scene Change Detection (SCD), are proposed based on color, texture and semantic similarity of shot. Our experimental results demonstrate the performance of SCD is better than that of MSC.

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT), adenomatous nodular hyperplasia (ANH), and focal fatty change (FFC) are common hepatic tumor-like lesions, a group of benign liver diseases, which remains difficult to be distinguished from primary liver cancer (PLC). This study was to investigate the clinical features and treatment of these 4 kinds of hepatic tumor-like lesions.Clinical data of 70 patients with pathologically conformed hepatic tumor-like lesions, treated in Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University from 1992 to 2004, were studied retrospectively.Of the 70 patients, 34 (48.6%) had clinical symptoms, and most of them suffered mild pain in the abdomen; 22 (31.4%) were positive for hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigen; 21 had mild abnormal liver function; 6 had alpha fetal protein (AFP)25 microg/L. The ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) presentations of the tumor-like lesions were various. Only 8 cases of FNH were diagnosed preoperatively. Sixty-one patients received resection, with no postoperative complication occurred. One case of FNH and 1 case of IPT were recurred during follow-up, and treated with non-resection therapy.Hepatic tumor-like lesions are difficult to be distinguished from PLC. Exploratory operation should be performed in cases suspicious of PLC.

Primary clear cell carcinoma of the liver (PCCCL) is a subgroup of hepatocellular carcinoma. At present, little is known about the relationship between the prognosis and the treatment of PCCCL. The purpose of the study was to analyze the clinical and pathological features, and to discuss the relationship between the prognosis and the surgical treatment of PCCCL.Eighteen cases with pathologically proved PCCCL between March 1999 and January 2003 were enrolled, the preoperative and intraoperative clinical features, pathological features and the follow-up data were analyzed.Histological examinations showed PCCCL was characterized by large numbers of vacuolated clear cells. The differentiation degree ranged from grade 1 to 3, liver cirrhosis or/and chronic hepatitis was present in paratumorous tissues. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 76.5% (13/18) and 47.1% (8/18) respectively, and the median survival time was 23 months. The longest survival time was 97 months after surgery. Among the 13 cases with radical resection, nine cases had recurrence.The clear cells of PCCCL contain substantial quantities of glycogen and lipid. The clinical characteristics of the PCCCL are similar to those of conventional hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgical resection is an effective way to achieve favorable outcomes and even long-term survival of the patients with PCCCL.

To investigate the effects of enteral immuno-nutrition (EIN) combined with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on nutrition metabolism, immunological function and inflammatory response in rats with severe scald.Sixty-four SD rats subjected to 30% total body surface area (TBSA) III degree scalds were randomly divided into EIN and EIN combined with recombinant human growth hormone (EIN+rhGH) groups. Animals of both groups were fed isocaloric enteral nutrition. Nutrition metabolism, T lymphocyte subsets, serum levels of immunoglobulins and inflammatory mediators were determined on the 1, 4, 7 and 10 postinjury day (n=8). Another 8 rats served as controls, and the above-mentioned parameters were also determined.Total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), transferrin protein (TFP), CD3(+), CD4(+), CD4(+)/CD8(+), IgG, IgM and IgA in group EIN+rhGH were slightly higher than those of group EIN (all P0.05) at all time points after the injury, while CD8(+) slightly lowered (P0.05). Serum levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) plummeted significantly (P0.05 or P0.01)on 4th, 7th and 10th postinjury day compared with group EIN.Our findings indicate that EIN combined with rhGH is superior to EIN alone in the early stage of severe scald in rats, not only ameliorate the disturbance in metabolism and immunological function, but also reduce inflammatory response.

To recognize an underwater target precisely is always a very difficult task for the navy due to the interference-filled under sea. Sonar is the most efficient way to detect items in the underwater world but the recognition still depends on sonarman. As well known, the feature extraction method is the key of automatic target recognition. In this paper, a model of 2-dimensional metadata of echo is defined, which is based on echo's frequency and temporal domain information. It contains two features, energy difference and zero cross rate. This paper concentrated on extraction of every feature and the organization method. Experiment results show the effectiveness of the presented approach.

To access video content, the suitable organization of video data is critical. The basic structure of video is a hierarchical structure that consists of four kinds of components, namely frame, shot, scene, and video program. To achieve such a structure, not only the shot detection and shot similarity, but also the scene structure construction are important. A simple framework for video hierarchical structure mining is to segment continued video frames into discrete physical shots, extract features from video shots and construct scene structure based on shots. In this paper, an efficient shot detection algorithm is proposed, and develop a novel algorithm for measuring video shot similarity is develeped and Scene Change De tection (SCD) is adopt to construct video scene based on color, texture and semantic similarity between shots. Our experimental results demonstrate the performance of the algorithms is promising.

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a rare benign hepatic tumor, and its diagnosis and treatment remain controversial. This study was to summarize the clinical features of FNH, and explore its diagnosis and treatment principles.Clinical data of 38 FNH patients, treated in our hospital from Jul. 1997 to Jul. 2004, were studied retrospectively with literature review to summarize the clinical feature, diagnosis, and treatment of FNH. All the patients were followed up till Jul. 2004.Among the 38 patients, 30 (78.9%) were under 40 years old, 26 (68.4%) were asymptomatic, 32 (84.2%) had normal liver function, and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was negative in all the patients. Correct diagnosis rates were 5.3% (2/38) for B ultrasonography, 45.5% (5/11) for color Doppler ultrasound, 100% (2/2) for contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and 36.8% (14/34) for double-phase helical CT scan. Of the 38 patients, 34 (89.5%) underwent hepatic resection without any complication, 1 underwent biopsy and transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), 2 underwent biopsy and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), 1 only underwent biopsy. The size of lesions didn't change after TAE or PEI. HCC appeared in 2 patients with hepatitis 69 and 32 months after the resection of FNH lesions. At the end of follow-up, 37 patients were survival, and the other one died of other disease 1 year after PEI.The patients with FNH usually have no clinical symptoms with good prognosis. The combination of multiple imaging measures is of help to the diagnosis of FNH. We recommend close observation for patients with confirmed diagnosis of FNH and without clinical symptoms, and recommend surgical resection for those with equivocal diagnosis, symptoms, lesion enlargement, or accompanied with hepatitis or cirrhosis.

An important issue in the design of a mobile computing system is how to manage the real-time locations of mobile clients. In the existing commercial cellular mobile computing systems, a two-tier architecture is used (13). However, the two-tier architecture is not scalable and is not suitable to the new mobile computing applications. In the literatures (1, 12), a hierarchical database structure is proposed in which the location information of the mobile clients within a cell is managed by the location database responsible for the cell. The location databases of different cells are organized into a tree structure to facilitate the search of mobile clients. Although this architecture can distribute the update and searching workload amongst the location databases in the system, it has the problem of heavy location update overhead and long search delay. Thus, it is not suitable to the system which is supporting real-time queries. In this paper, we study how to generate location update in the distance-based update method. Two methods are proposed for calculating the optimal distance threshold with the objectives to minimize the total location management cost and the latency in searching the location of a mobile client.

As well known, because of the complicated watery environment and the limitation of the detecting method, recognizing the underwater target precisely is always a Gordian knot to all countries. In this paper, we designed a genetic-based classifier system (CS) which recognizes a target utilizes audio fingerprints. Audio fingerprint technology extracts some unique feature from a given sound clip, and the classifier system does some classifying and recognizing works according to those features. In order to improve the performance of the classifier system, we designed some techniques: the comparing and matching algorithm would give the fitness value more explicitly statistical meaning; the hyperplasia operator gives the system persistent learning abilities, the refining classifier merges redundant rules and shrinks the rule set, and an alterable mutation probability increases the speed and the accuracy of the classifying operation. Experiments show that it's competent for the recognition

The TNM staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was revised by the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) from the 5th edition (TNM5) to the 6th edition (TNM6) in 2002. This study was to evaluate the prognostic value of TNM6 staging in a large cohort study of HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy, and investigate its feasibility and applicability in China.Clinical and follow-up data of 478 HCC patients, who underwent hepatectomy in our center from Jan. 1993 to Dec. 1998, were reviewed retrospectively. Survival rates of the patients were compared according to TNM5 staging and TNM6 staging. The advantages and disadvantages of TNM6 staging were analyzed.According to TNM5 staging, 12 (2.5%) patients were in stage I, 224 (46.8%) in stage II, 95 (19.9%) in stage IIIA, 8 (1.7%) in stage IIIB, and 139 (29.1%) in stage IVA. The 5-year survival rates were 81.8%, 41.5%, 17.0%, 0%, and 10.2%, respectively; there were significant differences in survival rate between stage II and IIIA, between stage II and IIIB, and between stage IIIA and IIIB, but no significant differences were observed between stage I and II, or between stage IIIB and IVA. According to TNM6 staging, 234 (48.9%) patients were in stage I, 41 (8.6%) in stage II, 96 (20.1%) in stage IIIA, 88 (18.4%) in stage IIIB, and 19 (4.0%) in stage IIIC. The 5-year survival rates were 43.3%, 20.2%, 13.1%, 13.0%, and 0, respectively; there was significant difference in survival rate between stage I and II, but no significant differences were found between stage II and IIIA, between stage II and IIIB, and between stage IIIA and IIIB.TNM6 staging has important improvement, and is simpler than TNM5 staging. But TNM6 staging still has limitation, which is not very accurate to predict the prognosis in clinical practice, and is not suitable for Chinese HCC patients who were usually accompanied with cirrhosis.

To investigate the effect of taurine on myocardial injury in severely scalded rats.A total of 130 healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (C, without burns), the burn group (B, subjected to a 30% TBSA III degree scalding) and the treatment group (T, treated with intraperitoneal injection of taurine (400 mg/kg) immediately after scald injury). The plasma and myocardial tissue samples in B and T groups were harvested at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 postburn hours (PBH) for the determination of the contents of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and angiotensin II (AngII) in plasma, and the contents of TNF-alpha, AngII and calcium ion in myocardial tissue. The morphological change in the myocardial tissue was observed with transmission electronic microscope (TEM) and was compared with that in C group. The changes in the plasma TNF-alpha and AngII were analyzed in relation to that of plasma cTnT.The plasma cTnT content in B group at 3 PBH was markedly higher than that in C group (0.16 +/- 0.03 microg/L) (P0.01), and it peaked (6.32 +/- 0.41) at 12 PBH and remained at high level at 48 PBH. While the plasma MDA content and the calcium ion level in B group were evidently higher than those in C group during 3 to 48 PBH (P0.01). The TNF-alpha contents in plasma and myocardial tissue during 6 to 48 PBH were significantly higher than those in C group (P0.01). The AngII contents in plasma and myocardial tissue during 3 to 24 PBH were obviously higher than those in C group (P0.01). All the indices in T group were significantly lower than those in B group (P0.01). Histological examination revealed that there was myocardial damage in various degrees during early postburn stage in B group, such as focal dissolution and fragmentation of myofilament, mitochondrial edema, myocyte sarcoplasmic protrusions like piano keys. But all the above changes in T group were evidently ameliorated to near normal. There was close positive correlation between the change in the concentrations of plasma content of TNF-alpha and AngII and cTnT in B group (r = 0.87 and 0.82, P0.05).The production of TNF-alpha, MDA, cTnT, AngII and high calcium ion level of myocardiocytes in severely burned rats can be inhibited by taurine, which was beneficial in the management of myocardial injury after severe burns.

It is important to accurately estimate liver reserve function before hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to determine proper hepatic resection volume during operation, thus, to avoid postoperative liver failure. Recently, indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min (ICG(R15)) has been considered as a sensitive marker for liver reserve function. However, how to evaluate the maximal hepatic resection volume according to liver reserve function, especially ICG(R15), remains controversial. This study was to evaluate the influence of ICG(R15) and hepatic resection volume on postoperative liver failure.Records of 225 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative ICG(R15) value, intraoperative hepatic resection volume, and postoperative liver function were analyzed.Of the 225 patients, 113 received resection of no more than 1 segment (group A), 76 received resection of 1-2 segments (group B), 36 received resection of more than 2 segments (group C). When ICG(R15) was below 10%, the incidences of postoperative ascites in groups A, B, and C were 21.2% (14/66), 14.3% (8/56), and 15.4% (4/26), respectively (P0.05); the incidences of jaundice were 3.0% (2/66), 7.1% (4/56), and 15.4% (4/26), respectively (P0.05). When ICG(R15) was 10%-20%, the incidences of ascites were 26.8% (11/41), 38.9%(7/18), and 50.0% (5/10), respectively (P0.05); the incidence of jaundice was lower in group A than in group B, and group C [0 (0/41) vs. 27.8% (5/18), and 20.0% (2/10), P0.01]; 2 patients, who had 2 or 3 segments resected, died of postoperative encephalopathy. When ICG(R15) was more than 20%, ascites occurred in 2 of 6 patients (33.3%) in group Au both of the 2 cases in group B developed postoperative ascites and jaundice, and 1 died.When ICG(R15) is below 10%, 2 or more segments can be resected safely when ICG(R15) is 10%-20%, 1 segment can be resected safely, 2 or more segments may be resected with great care when ICG(R15) is more than 20%, the patient's general condition and other liver function tests should be taken into consideration if 1 segment is resected, resection of 2 or more segments will cause high surgical risk.

This work introduces a fast block-based motion estimation algorithm named two-phase motion estimation algorithm (TPMEA). The idea of the algorithm is to divide motion estimation procedure into two-phase: in the first phase, the sum of pixels in a line (or a column) is used as the 1D vector; In the second phase, a filtering threshold is deduced from the 1D vector matching, as Minkowski inequality has shown, blocks cannot match well if their corresponding 1D vector do not match well. Hence, the expensive 2D block matching need only be performed in a limited scope, which saves a lot of time. Moreover, an efficient implementation to calculate 1D vector is presented to speed up encoder further. From the experiment conducted in the test model of H.264(version:JM61d), the algorithm presented in This work can save approximately 30% of the time compared with the exhaustive search algorithm and achieve the same image quality. It can satisfy the demand for high performance and real-time video encoding.

As a non-surgical minimally invasive treatment, percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) is widely used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Treatment effect of PRFA depends on extent of ablative zone. Initially, necrosis diameter achieved by RFA in normal ex-swine liver was about 1.4-1.6 cm, but now larger ablative zone can be achieved with recently developed techniques. This study was to explore optimal operating parameters to enlarge ablative zone resulted from a single process, reduce chances of needle seeding via reducing needle insertion times, and improve curative effects.The first step: mode A, B, and C (starting power was set to 10 W, 50 W, and 90 W, respectively, output power ascended by 10 W/min till ultimate power of 90 W) were adopted to perform ablation on 8,7,7 normal ex-swine livers, respectively, which were processed to be cylinders. The second step: mode A was adopted to perform ablation on 22 ex-swine liver cylinders, the distances between needle tip and grounding pad were set to 3,8,and 13 cm. Characteristics of ablative zones, such as parallel and vertical diameters, isoperimetric ratio, and volume of ablative zones, ablative energy, and time were analyzed.The average ablative zone achieved by mode A was larger than those achieved by mode B, and C (2.5 cm x 2.7 cm vs. 1.6 cm x 1.8 cm, and 2.0 cm x 1.5 cm, P0.05); the volume of ablative zone achieved by mode A was larger than those achieved by mode B, and C (10.0 cm(3) vs. 3.1 cm(3), and 2.1 cm(3), P0.05); the ablative time achieved by mode A was longer than those achieved by mode B, and C (281.9 s vs. 79.4 s, and 61.4 s, P0.05)u the ablative zones achieved by mode A were much like a pellet. Ablative zone volume was strongly correlated with ablative time, and energy output (R(2)=0.920, and 0.853, P0.05). When the distances between needle tip and grounding pad were 3, 8, and 13 cm, the achieved ablative zones were 2.5 cm x 2.7 cm, 3.8 cm x 3.4 cm, and 4.9 cm x 4.1 cm, respectively; ablative volumes were 10.0 cm(3), 22.9 cm(3), and 43.3 cm(3), respectively; ablative time were 281.9 s, 495.6 s, and 896.1 s, respectively (P0.05).Adopting lower starting power, and slower power ascending speed may enlarge ablative zone. In a certain extent, distance between needle tip and grounding pad may be positively correlated with ablative volume, and needed ablative time; ablative zone volume may be positively correlated with ablative time, and energy output.

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the routine treatment for unresectable primary liver cancer, but 3-year survival rate of patients received TACE alone is only about 20%. This research was to evaluate efficacy of external radiotherapy (RT) combined with TACE on unresectable primary live cancer.From Jun. 1994 to Apr. 2002, 114 patients with unresectable primary liver cancer were non-randomized to receive TACE plus RT (54 patients), or TACE alone (60 patients) as control. For TACE, after skiagram confirmed catheterization, suspension of 300 mg of carboplatin, 50-60 mg of epirubicin, 14-20 mg of mitomycin, and 10-30 ml of iodized oil was perfused into hepatic arteries, 1-2 mm of Gelfoam particles was given to embolize hepatic arteries according to blood supply conditions of tumors, this process was repeated every 4-8 weeks. Either group was treated with 1-4 sessions of TACE. In TACE+RT group, patients received radiation on tumor and generous margin 21-28 days after TACE. The radiation dose was 46-60 Gy in daily 2 Gy fractions.In TACE+RT group, response rate (AFP titer decrease of50%) was 61.1%, and 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rates of TACE+RT group were significantly higher than those of TACE group (66.5% vs. 53.9%, 48.4% vs. 37.2%, and 37.4% vs. 17.8%, P0.05). Three-year survival rate correlated with tumor size, liver function grade, and portal vein embolus.TACE combined with RT may prolong survival time of patients with unresectable primary live cancer.

In this paper, we proposed our concept framework and system structure of video structure mining, and associated definition of the concepts in video mining were given. We described the video structure mining with video basic structure mining, video syntactic structure mining and video semantic structure mining. At last, the system prototype is elaborated to illustrate the proposed framework.

To recognize the underwater target precisely is always a hard problem to all countries. In this paper, we designed a genetic-based classifier system which recognizes targets utilize sonar fingerprints. Exceptionally some improvements have been designed on it. The proposed Comparing and Matching algorithm would give the fitness value more explicitly statistical meaning, which would make user easier to explain the rules with background knowledge. The proposed hyperplasia operator can handle those instances which were not emerged before. It gives the system persistent learning abilities, so the system may be more compatible with the surroundings. The proposed refining classifier merges redundant rules and shrinks the rule set In addition, an alterable mutation probability is set in the genetic algorithm, experiment shows that this strategy increased the speed and the accuracy of the classifying operation. Sonar fingerprint technology extracts unique feature from an echo, it is similar to that one's fingerprint can identify a unique person himself, dissimilar echo leads to different fingerprint. And all these have none business with the echo's store way (analog or digital) or format (WAV, MP3, WMA, RM, and etc). The proposed underwater target classifier system is highly automatic, with quite finite hardware requirements in operating.

Accurate estimation of liver reserve function before hepatectomy for liver cancer may avoid postoperative liver failure. Recently,it has been considered that indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes (ICG(R15))can assess liver reserve function with exactitude and high sensitivity. This study was to discuss the evaluation of liver cirrhosis severity and liver reverse function by ICG(R15), analyze the relationship between ICG(R15) and post-operative liver failure,and compare ICG(R15) with Child-Pugh grading.Records of 225 patients with resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)have been collected. Pre-operative data, such as a variety of routine liver biochemistry tests, Child-Pugh grading, and ICG(R15) value, and intra-operative data, post-operative data were analyzed.The mean value of ICG(R15) was (9.9+/-6.2)% in cirrhosis group,and (7.4+/-3.8)% in non-cirrhosis group (P0.01). The mean value of ICG(R15) was (8.5+/-5.0)% in mild cirrhosis subgroup, (10.7+/-5.7)% in moderate cirrhosis subgroup, and (15.8+/-9.6)% in severe cirrhosis subgroup; significant differences can be observed while multiple comparisons were performed (P0.05). The mean values of ICG(R15) in patients who suffered from post-operative ascites, and jaundice were (11.5+/-6.8)%,and (12.1+/-7.1)%; significantly higher than those without ascites, and jaundice [(8.5+/-4.9)%,and (9.0+/-5.3)%] (P0.05). Possible predictor variables indicating risk factors of post-operative complications were entered into a multiple logistic regression model, the results showed that ICG(R15) significantly affected the occurrence of both post-operative ascites and jaundice (P0.05). The mean value of ICG(R15) of patients of Child-Pugh B grade was (15.2+/-8.6)%, much higher than that of patients of Child-Pugh A grade [(8.8+/-5.1)%](P0.01). ICG(R15) values were above 10% in 67 of the 212 patients of Child-Pugh A grade, and 6 of these 67 patients have a value above 20%.ICG(R15) value rises with the aggravation of liver cirrhosis,it affects the occurrence of post-operative liver failure significantly. Some correlation can be observed between ICG(R15) and Child-Pugh grading.

Primary liver cancer (PLC) larger than 10 cm in diameter is called huge PLC. Huge PLC accounts for a number of patients at the time of diagnosis in clinical practice. The outcome of resection in these patients has not been clearly demonstrated. This study was to evaluate the outcome and determined the prognostic factors affecting long-term survival following hepatectomy for huge PLC.One hundred and seventy-three patients with huge PLC who underwent hepatectomy from 1964 to 1993 were followed up to January 2003 and reviewed retrospectively. The factors affecting long-term survival were studied by univariate and multivariate analysis.The overall 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 31.9%, 21.8%, and 8.3%, respectively. Thirty-seven patients survived more than 5 years and 8 patients survived more than 10 years. Univariate analysis showed that sex, Child-Pugh classification, degree of coexisting cirrhosis and radical resection were significant prognostic factors. The Cox multivariate proportional hazard model indicated that independent prognostic factors for long-term survival were degree of coexisting cirrhosis and radical resection.Hepatic resection for huge PLC offers the chance of long-term survival. It should be used to treat patients with huge PLC at first choice. Degree of coexisting cirrhosis and radical resection were the only two prognostic factors for long-term survival following hepatectomy for huge PLC.

To evaluate the effect of lanthanum chloride on expressions of collagen protein and find a way to prevent and treat scar.Four linear incisions were made on the dorsal skin of an adult, female Sprague-Dawley rat as an animal model. One was non-manipulated as a control; the second was injected with distilled water as a sham-control; the third was injected with 50 mmol/L of lanthanum chloride, and the fourth was injected with 50 micrograms neutralizing antibody of TGF-beta 1 as a positive control. All of the wound tissues were harvested and assayed with ABC method in 14 days and 28 days after the surgery.The expressions of type I, III and IV of collagen protein in the third group significantly reduced in 14 and 28 days after the operation, compared with the control or sham-control group. Its values wen as similar as the fourth group.Lanthanum chloride could inhibit the expressions of collagen protein, and it may be used to prevent and treat scars.

Due to the complicated watery environment and the limitation of the detecting method to the underwater target, recognizing them precisely is always a hard problem to all countries. In this paper, we design a genetic-based classifier system (CS) and apply it to recognize the underwater target. This is an attempt to solve this problem with machine learning way. Compared with traditional CS, the proposed Comparing and Matching Algorithm will give the fitness value more explicit statistical meaning, which will make us easier to explain the rules with background knowledge. The proposed Hyperplasia Operator can handle those instances which are not emerged before. It gives the system persistent learning abilities, so the system may be more compatible with the surroundings. The proposed Refining Classifier merges those redundant rules and shrinks the rule set. In addition, we give and discuss an alterable mutation probability to the genetic algorithm in the CS, which increases the speed and the accuracy of the classifying operation. At last, the experiments to examine the system with the sample data which are collected from sonar echo samples. Experiments show that the recognizing results are satisfying.