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Abstract: Genetic components are involved in the etiology of the overwhelming majority of the most common complex human diseases. Three methodological approaches have been used successfully for the identification of genetic factors predisposed to common human diseases: linkage analysis, candidate gene association studies (GASs), and genome-wide association scans (GWASs). The structural features of many genes make a small but significant contribution to the overall risk of common diseases. Syntropy of related diseases is determined by the participation in their pathogenesis of the functional polymorphisms of genes controlling the same metabolic pathways. Nonrandom combination of different diseases in the same patients is determined by common epigenetic mechanisms in expression control of different “gene nets.”

Butadiene-styrene and acrylate latexes were studied as matrices for preparing colloidal silver. Colloidal-chemical and strength properties of the modified latexes and Primal E1950 latex films were studied. The heat resistance of these materials was determined.

Original methods of photochemical preparation of stable mono- (Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, Pt) and bimetallic nanoparticles in the form of optically transparent compact films on quartz surface and of volume dispersions in porous inorganic (silica glasses) and organic (MF-4SK fluorocarbon) materials, solid polymers (polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, gelatin, latexes), and in liquid media (glycerol) are reviewed. The results of studies of spectral and structural characteristics of nanophase films under various experimental conditions are presented. Experimental mechanistic models and ways of controlling disperse composition of metal colloids, which can be used for photochemical synthesis of nanophase systems, are proposed.

A high-temperature fuel cell with zirconium oxide electrolyte and various electrode materials, efficiently operating at 1070-1170 K on alcohol-ammonia fuel and air as oxidizing agent, was studied.

The surface of wheat androgenic embryoids and calli at different developmental stages was studied using SEM. The embryoids were already characterized by regular cell divisions at the early developmental stages, while the calli were represented by irregular cell conglomerates. This trend was preserved during further development of androgenic structures. SEM studies of the surface of so-called secondary embryoids confirmed these observations.

We analyzed the phytohormonal features of the induction of androgenesis in vitroin cultured spring soft wheat anthers. It is stressed that switching the program of microspore development from the gametophytic to the sporophytic pathway is controlled by the balance of exogenous and endogenous phytohormones.

Chemotherapy is an important method of antitumor therapy. Nephrotoxicity characteristic of many cytostatics, including platinum compounds, is a serious complication limiting the drug dose [4,5,7–9]. Platinum derivatives, in particular, cisplatin, are drugs of choice in the treatment of the majority of solid tumors. However, cisplatin induces a dose-dependent toxic damage to the kidneys [5,7,8,10].

The pool of low-molecular-weight metabolites was studied in patients with breast cancer by high-resolution1H-NMR spectroscopy. In order to predict the efficiency of treatment, mathematical regression analysis was carried out with consideration for some clinical morphological characteristics of patients, chemotherapy protocols, and the degree of therapeutic pathomorphosis. The efficiency of drug therapy was largely determined by metabolic status of tumors in untreated patients with breast cancer.

Abstract: The glutathione content and the activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase were measured in biopsy samples of epithelial ovarian cancer. It is shown that in stages 3–4 of ovarian cancer the effectiveness of chemotherapy correlates with the glutathione content and activity of glutathione S-transferase.

Diketo esters of the indole series have been synthesized by the condensation of 3-acetylindole, 3-acetyl-5-methoxyindole, and 3-acetyl-5-chloroindole with diethyl oxalate in the presence of sodium methoxide, and they have been converted into indolylpyrazolecarboxylic acids, some derivatives of these acids, and the corresponding indolylpyrazoles. It has been found previously that 3(5)-(indol-3-yl)pyrazole possesses a high antiinflammatory activity [2].

1-Acetyl-5-(3-indolyl)pyrazoline and 1-phenyl-5-(3-indolyl)pyrazoline were obtained by the reaction of ß-(1-acetyl-3-indolyl)acrylaldehyde with hydrazine hydrate and phenylhydrazine, respectively, in the presence of acetic acid with subsequent alkaline hydrolysis. The dehydration of the indole derivatives of pyrazoline was studied. a-Bromo-ß-(1-acetyl-3-indolyl)acrylaldehyde, which gives 3(5)-(3-indolyl)pyrazole and 1-phenyl-5-(1-acetyl-3-indolyl)pyrazole with hydrazine hydrate in alcohol and phenylhydrazine in acetic acid, respectively, was obtained by the addition of bromine to ß-(1-acetyl-3-indolyl)acrylaldehyde and dehydrobromination of the addition product.

Gold nanoparticles in aqueous dispersions of 100-nm polystyrene microspheres were prepared by photochemical synthesis under exposure to monochromatic light with an excitation wavelength of 254 nm. The kinetic relationships in formation of gold nanoparticles were examined in relation to the H[AuCl4] and polymer concentration in the photolyte.Gold nanoparticles in aqueous dispersions of 100-nm polystyrene microspheres were prepared by photochemical synthesis under exposure to monochromatic light with an excitation wavelength of 254 nm. The kinetic relationships in formation of gold nanoparticles were examined in relation to the H[AuCl4] and polymer concentration in the photolyte.

A method is described for the preparation of ß-(3-indolyl)acrolein. Oximation of this followed by dehydration gives ß-(3-indolyl)acrylonitrile. Reduction gives ?-(3-indolyl)allyl alcohol.