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Il sapere si divide in discipline separate, specialiste di un frammento unico della sua totalità. Fare ricerca vuol dire diventare specialisti del frammento di conoscenza che si sceglie di approfondire. Ma separare così la conoscenza in compartimenti stagni impedisce di averne una visione di insieme; ne spezza l’unità, ne cancella la complessità. Cercando di sapere sempre di più su sempre di meno si arriverà a sapere tutto su niente, come ritiene lo scienziato Konrad Lorenz. Lo scritto si presenta come un cammino, il quale, guidato da pensatori quali Edgar Morin, José Ortega y Gasset ed Isabelle Stengers, vuole mostrare i concetti della conoscenza e le discipline stesse non più come monadi chiuse in se stesse ma come nomadi in cammino tra i saperi. Per riscoprire il valore, possibile e realizzabile, di una conoscenza trans-disciplinare. Currently knowledge is divided into separate disciplines. Doing research means becoming a specialist in a chosen fragment of knowledge. But separating knowledge into sealed compartments impedes us from having an integrative view; it breaks its unity, it dissolves its complexity. The scientist Konrad Lorenz believes that if we try to know more and more about less and less, we will know everything about nothing. This article intends to be a path, led by the philosophers Edgar Morin, José Ortega y Gasset and Isabelle Stengers, to show concepts and disciplines no longer as closed monads, but as nomads walking through knowledge landscapes. The aim is to rediscover the possible and achievable value of trans-disciplinary knowledge., PELORO, V. 7, N. 1 (2022)

BACKGROUND: In the arboriculture sector, some activities are still manually performed by forestry workers, which result consequently exposed to a high risk of developing muscle skeletal disorders. The Italian Compensation Authority reported an increase of work-related tendinopathies and carpal tunnel syndrome in loggers, but screening protocols are not available yet. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were: a) to evaluate the prevalence of tendinopathies and carpal tunnel syndrome in a sample of loggers and b) identify a sound screening approach. METHODS: 41 loggers and 41 paired control workers were recruited for a total of 164 hands. The protocol included 1) demographic data; 2) medical history; 3) identification of CTS symptoms through a questionnaire and a hand-chart; 4) upper limbs clinical examination; 5) Raynaud’s diseases questionnaire; 6) wrists ultrasound; 7) NCS of the distal median nerve. RESULTS: The prevalence of tendinopathies was statistically significant only in the non-dominant hand (75, 5% in the exposed group and 53, 6% in the non-exposed group). The prevalence of CTS was 32, 2% in the exposed group and 15, 5% in the non-exposed group. The questionnaire had a sensitivity of 56, 7% and a specificity of 75%. The hand-chart had a sensitivity of 30% and a specificity of 92%. The clinical examination had sensitivity of 30% and specificity of 80%. The ultrasound had a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 56%. CONCLUSIONS: Loggers are a population at risk of occupational hand and wrist disorders. The hand-chart could be considered, together with the questionnaire, as the best secondary prevention tool to diagnose CTS.

Occupational logging activities expose workers to a wide range of risk factors, such as lifting heavy loads, prolonged, awkward positioning of the lower back, repetitive movements, and insufficient work pauses. Body posture has an important impact on the level of physiological load. The present study involved a group of 40 loggers in the province of Enna (Sicily, Italy) with the aim of defining the impact of logging activities on the workers’ physiological strain during the three primary work tasks of felling, delimbing, and bucking. The Zephyr Bioharness measurement system was used to record trunk posture and heart rate data during work tasks. The NASA TLX questionnaire was used to explore workers’ effort perception of the work tasks. Based on our results, the most demanding work task was tree felling, which requires a higher level of cardiac cost and longer periods spent in awkward trunk postures. The perceived physiological workload was consistently underestimated, especially by the more experienced loggers. Lastly, as the weight of the chainsaw increased, the cardiac load increased.

Il saggio rappresenta la prosecuzione delle ultime ricerche di Claude Calame, grecista di fama mondiale: dopo il Prometeo genetista (Sellerio, Palermo 2016, ed. or. Paris 2011), adesso lo studioso svizzero propone una riflessione sui rapporti tra l’essere umano e il suo ambiente, maturata sulla base del serrato confronto tra l’idea originaria, greca, di physis e la nozione di ‘natura’ per come essa si è sviluppata a partire dal pensiero illuministico e deterministico. Dei cinque capitoli in cui il saggio è complessivamente strutturato, il primo (dal titolo En Grèce ancienne : l’homme et son milieu) ricostruisce con accuratezza storico-filologica e acume critico il concetto greco di physis, rappresentandolo come un processo dinamico, non inscrivibile nei limiti dell’idea moderna di ‘natura’, vista al contrario sempre di più come il luogo dell’oggettivazione e dello sfruttamento, da parte dell’uomo, dell’ambiente che lo circonda. Il capitolo II (titolo: Des philosophes des Lumières aux anthropologues modernes) prosegue sulla linea del primo, in quanto l’Autore vi ripercorre la storia della nascita in età moderna, dall’Illuminismo sino agli antropologi contemporanei di scuola strutturalista, del concetto di ‘cultura’ come contrapposto alla natura-oggetto. Il capitolo III (intitolato Au-delà des déterminismes anthropologiques : perméabilités) propone una riflessione fondante di una nuova concezione del rapporto tra uomo e ambiente, e natura e cultura, che si basi sull’idea di interrelazione e di permeabilità tra quelli che sinora sono stati intesi come due ambiti distinti. Nel corso del capitolo IV (titolo: L’homme et son environnement : relations interactives) si pongono le basi per ripensare l’idea di natura nei termini del concetto antico di physis. In conseguenza del complessivo ripensamento (insieme storico, filologico e epistemologico) dell’intera questione ambientale, nel quinto e ultimo capitolo (Pour une construction écosocialiste de l’homme et de son milieu) l’A. argomenta la necessità di ‘ricostruire’ il rapporto tra uomo e ambiente in termini alternativi rispetto al sistema tradizionale, realizzando sul piano culturale e politico l’auspicata transizione ecosocialista e ecopoietica. The essay represents the continuation of the latest research by Claude Calame, a world-famous Greek scholar: after the geneticist Prometheus (Sellerio, Palermo 2016, or. Paris 2011), now the Swiss scholar proposes a reflection on the relationship between human beings and its environment, matured on the basis of the close comparison between the original Greek idea of ​​physis and the notion of 'nature' as it developed from Enlightenment and deterministic thought. Of the five chapters in which the essay is structured as a whole, the first (entitled En Grèce ancienne: l'homme et son milieu) reconstructs the Greek concept of physis with historical-philological accuracy and critical acumen, representing it as a dynamic, non-inscribable process within the limits of the modern idea of ​​'nature', seen on the contrary more and more as the place of objectification and exploitation by man of the environment that surrounds him. Chapter II (title: Des philosophes des Lumières aux anthropologues modernes) continues on the line of the first, as the author traces the history of birth in the modern age, from the Enlightenment to the contemporary anthropologists of the structuralist school, of the concept of ' culture 'as opposed to nature-object. Chapter III (entitled Au-delà des déterminismes anthropologiques: perméabilités) proposes a fundamental reflection of a new conception of the relationship between man and environment, and nature and culture, which is based on the idea of ​​interrelation and permeability between those that have hitherto been were intended as two distinct areas. During chapter IV (title: L'homme et son environnement: relations interactives) the foundations are laid for rethinking the idea of ​​nature in terms of the ancient concept of physis. As a result of the overall rethinking (both historical, philological and epistemological) of the entire environmental question, in the fifth and last chapter (Pour une construction écosocialiste de l'homme et de son milieu) the A. argues the need to 'reconstruct' the relationship between man and the environment in alternative terms to the traditional system, achieving the desired ecosocialist and ecopoietic transition on a cultural and political level.

Introduction: Correct tip positioning is a critical aspect in central vascular access devices insertion. The verification of positioning at the cavo-atrial junction is usually performed by intracavitary electrocardiography. Recently, echocardiographic techniques were proposed, including the direct visualization of the catheter or the visualization of a saline/air bolus (i.e. “bubble test”). As for the latter, a push-to-bubbles delay time below 2 s was proposed to indicate a correct positioning of the catheter tip. The aim of this study was to measure the variations of the push-to-bubbles time at increasing distance from the cavo-atrial junction, to verify if a cut-off of 1–2 s correspond to a well-positioned catheter. Methods: We performed a prospective study including patients with clinical indication of positioning a peripherally inserted central catheter. The catheter tip was positioned at the cavo-atrial junction (P0) via intracavitary electrocardiography, and the push-to-bubbles delay time was measured. The catheter was then retracted 5 cm (P1) and 10 cm (P2), and the test was repeated at this positioning. Push-to-bubbles time measurements were performed off-line by analyzing an audio/video recording which included the echography screen and the voice signal of the operator. Results: Forty-nine patients were included. The average push-to-bubble time when the catheter tip was in the reference position was 0.41 ± 0.21 s. Retraction of the PICC catheter of 5 and 10 cm determined a significant increase of the push-to-bubbles time: mean time difference was +0.34 (95% IC 0.25–0.43, p Conclusion: The push-to-bubbles time is very low when the catheter tip is at the cavo-atrial junction. This delay increases progressively with increasing distance from the target. Push-to-bubbles delay time above 1 s might indicate a catheter not close to the cavo-atrial junction.

NaOsO3 has recently attracted significant attention for the strong coupling between its electronic band structure and magnetic ordering. Here, we used time-resolved magnetic x-ray diffraction to determine the timescale of the photoinduced antiferromagnetic dynamics in NaOsO3. Our measurements are consistent with a sub-100 fs melting of the antiferromagnetic long-range order that occurs significantly faster than the lattice dynamics as monitored by the transient change in intensity of selected Bragg structural reflections, which instead show a decrease of intensity on a timescale of several ps.

Flow diversion changed the approach to complex intracranial aneurysms, leading to a widespread use and a rapid technological evolution. Indeed, indications continued to expand, including ruptured intracranial aneurysms in selected cases. Recently, new devices have been designed specifically to target smaller vessels. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter study to evaluate clinical outcome, complications, and occlusion rate of patients with ruptured aneurysms treated with new generation low profile Silk Vista Baby (SVB) flow diverter stent (FD).We performed a retrospective observational study on consecutive patients who underwent treatment with SVB for ruptured aneurysms at 12 Italian centers. Primary end point was favorable clinical outcome rate, defined as modified ranking score (mRS) of 0-2 at the 3 months. Secondary outcomes were complication rate, aneurysm re-rupture, and complete aneurysm occlusion at last radiological follow-up.Twenty-five patients were included; at 3 months' follow-up, 19 patients (79.1%) had favorable clinical outcome (mRS 0-2). Three patients (12.5%) died during follow-up. In-stent thrombosis occurred in two cases (8.3%), managed with glycoprotein IIb/IIIA and intra-stent angioplasty, without clinical consequences. In 18 (85.7%) patients, complete occlusion at 3 months was demonstrated. No rebleeding occurred during follow-up. Presentation with unfavorable World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grading system (WFNS) and posterior circulation location were both significantly correlated with unfavorable clinical outcome (p = 0.005 and p = 0.02).Our data suggests that low profile FD treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms located distally of the circle of Willis is feasible. New generation low profile FD may represent an alternative option in carefully selected cases.

Introduction: Scalp arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) following hair transplantation are rare; few single case reports have been described. Therapeutic options include open surgery, percutaneous and transarterial endovascular embolization; in recent years these latter have gained favour because of their minimally invasive approach also concerning post-treatment cutaneous appearance. Case presentation: A 29 y/o male after 3 months from a hair transplantation procedure began to notice a little pulsatile mass beneath the skin of the forehead. Subsequent diagnostic imaging (CTA and angiography) showed the presence of a scalp frontoparietal AVF with a single superficial temporal artery (STA) feeder and a superficial subcutaneous veins drainage. After a few months a sudden worsening of symptoms was reported. Endovascular treatment was performed in general anaesthesia, with right femoral arterial access, ECA catheterization, superselective STA microcatheterization right at fistula point and embolization with platinum detachable coils. No procedural complications occurred. Patient was discharged on the 4th day, asymptomatic. Clinical symptoms resolved promptly after just 3–4 weeks. A control angiogram after 6 months showed complete disappearance of the fistula. Conclusions Hair transplantation procedures are associated with a low risk profile, and scalp AVF is a very rare complication; both endovascular interventions and open surgery are safe and effective in treating this complication. A complete preliminary angiographic study is needed; if vascular anatomy is favourable, a transarterial approach can be performed. Coiling occlusion compared to glue embolization avoids cutaneous discoloration and/or subcutaneous mass among the fistulous point. In this case this technique was proven to be safe and effective.

Synergistic catalysis offers the unique possibility of simultaneous activation of both the nucleophile and the electrophile in a reaction. A requirement for this strategy is the stability of the active species towards the reaction conditions and the two concerted catalytic cycles. Since the beginning of the century, aminocatalysis has been established as a platform for the stereoselective activation of carbonyl compounds through HOMO-raising or LUMO-lowering. The burgeoning era of aminocatalysis has been driven by a deep understanding of these activation and stereoinduction modes, thanks to the introduction of versatile and privileged chiral amines. The aim of this review is to cover recent developments in synergistic strategies involving aminocatalysis in combination with organo-, metal-, photo-, and electro-catalysis, focusing on the evolution of privileged aminocatalysts architectures.

Complessivamente 12 sono i saggi che compongono questa raccolta dedicata alla riflessione antica e moderna sulla crescita e sviluppo delle forme di vita. Ogni saggio rappresenta un vero e proprio viaggio che attraversa diverse regioni del sapere: i classici antichi, greci e latini, sono in effetti quantitativamente predominanti, e questo a ragione dei prevalenti interessi scientifici dei curatori, i quali però si sono ben guardati dall’isolare il ‘classico’ nella sua idiosincratica prospettiva ante litteram, ma hanno cercato e trovato la collaborazione con altri settori della ricerca scientifica. Il che si traduce nella partecipazione al progetto editoriale e scientifico anche di antropologi del mondo antico, di biologi e genetisti, di filosofi e storici del pensiero filosofico e scientifico. Altogether 12 are the essays that make up this collection dedicated to ancient and modern reflection on the growth and development of forms of life. Each essay represents a real journey that crosses different regions of knowledge: the ancient Greek and Latin classics are in quantitatively predominant effects, and this due to the prevalent ones scientific interests of the curators, who, however, have been careful not to isolate the 'classic' in its idiosyncratic perspective ante litteram, but have sought and found collaboration with other sectors of scientific research. This translates into the participation in the editorial and scientific project of anthropologists of the ancient world, biologists and geneticists, of philosophers and historians of philosophical and scientific thought.

Dopo un inquadramento terminologico atto a presentare le più comuni radici che esprimono in greco antico i concetti di crescita e di sviluppo del vivente, l’attenzione è rivolta alle modalità con cui in testi di varia natura e datazione (da Omero sino al Corpus ippocratico) si descrive la crescita dell’essere umano a partire dal costante confronto con il mondo vegetale, in modo che dal configurarsi delle teorie possano risaltare le più o meno implicite mentalità. Attraverso il massiccio ricorso al ragionamento analogico, le fonti considerate permettono di farsi un’idea non solo del processo di crescita in sé, ma anche del ruolo assegnato nella cultura e nel pensiero della Grecia antica alla madre nel suo rapporto con la prole. After a terminological framework aimed at presenting the most common roots that express the concepts of growth and development of the living being in ancient Greek, the attention is turned to the ways in which texts of various kinds and dating (from Homer to the Hippocratic Corpus) the growth of the human being is described starting from the constant confrontation with the vegetable world, so that the more or less implicit mentalities can emerge from the configuration of the theories. Through the massive use of analogical reasoning, the sources considered allow us to get an idea not only of the growth process itself, but also of the role assigned in the culture and thought of ancient Greece to the mother in her relationship with the offspring.