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Pulmonary emphysema was induced in 8 bastard dogs by intratracheal instillation of Papain. Development of emphysema was documented by pulmonary function tests. The emphysematous animals underwent single lung homotransplantation. Postoperative bronchospirometric measurements revealed that up to the 6th week after transplantation there is no evidence of serious ventilation perfusion inbalance.

7 Bastardhunde wurden durch Hauttransplantate allogen immunisiert. Eine abschliesende Lungentransplantation fuhrte nach Antikorperabsorption zur perakuten Abstosung.

A program developed by a sociology department is offered as a model by which other liberal arts disciplines can reassert those values and goals that serve the intellectual and artistic development of men and women. The program, involving the combination of career with academic counseling, internships, and other features, has been grafted on to an existing, intellectually demanding curriculum.

Glycopyrrolate, atropine or saline were administered i.v. with oral magnesium trisilicate 1 h before induction of anaesthesia to patients about to undergo Caesarean section. Both anticholinergics greatly reduced gastric acidity. It is suggested that glycopyrrolate should be used in combination with antacid therapy before obstetric anaesthesia and puerperal tubal ligation because of its prolonged duration of action, effect on gastric secretion and failure to cross the placental barrier.

An vier Bastardhunden wurde durch mehrmalige intratracheale Instillation von Papain in einer Dosierung von 2 mg pro Kilogramm Korpergewicht ein Emphysem erzeugt und durch Lungenfunktionsuntersuchungen objektiviert. An pathologischen Funktionswerten traten dabei vor allem eine Erhohung der statischen Lungencompliance auf, ferner eine Verminderung der Elastance und eine Erhohung der Atemwegsresistance. Auserdem wurde eine Beeintrachtigung des Gaswechsels beobachtet. Es kam zu einem Abfall des ateriellen Sauerstoffpartialdruckes bei konstant bleibenden pCO2-Werten. Nach der einseitigen Lungenhomotransplantation kam es neben einer Steigerung der Atemfrequenz und damit des Atemzeitvolumens sowie einer Erhohung des transpulmonalen Druckes in den ersten postoperativen Tagen auch zu einer Verminderung der statischen Lungencompliance. Vier Wochen nach der Transplantation zeigten sich jedoch wieder die typischen Emphysemveranderungen an den Complianceschleifen. Die arteriellen Sauerstoffpartialdruckwerte blieben jedoch im Normbereich. Dieses Verhalten spricht gegen das Vorliegen einer funktionell wirksamen Ventilations-Perfusions-Storung zumindest in den ersten postoperativen Wochen. Die Ursache einer auftretenden respiratorischen Insuffizienz mus daher auf eine Abstosungsreaktion zuruckgefuhrt werden.

Diskussion nativrontgenologischer und pulmonalangiographischer Untersuchungen im Rahmen experimenteller Lungentransplantationen bei immunsuppressiv behandelten und unbehandelten Tieren sowie nach hyperakuter Transplantatabstosung. Gute Moglichkeit der Bestimmung des Abstosungsgrades eines Transplantates an Hand nativrontgenologischer Kriterien und der Beseitigung differentialdiagnostischer Schwierigkeiten durch gezielten Einsatz der Pulmonalisangiographie.

The effect of lumbar sympathectomy on regional blood-flow and on oxygen uptake of tissue has been investigated in animal experiments and in man. Lumbar sympathectomy did always result in increase of limb blood-flow, but did not significantly improve oxygen consumption of the observed extremity. This finding was manifested by marked narrowing of the arterial-venous oxyhemoglobin saturation difference suggesting that lumbar sympathectomy caused opening of arterial-venous shunts.

Question: The function of alveolar macrophages in correlation with immunological stimulation, consequently also in pulmonary transplantation, are a subject of discussion. In this study the alveolar manifestations of rejection following pulmonary homotransplantation are investigated by electron microscopy. Materials and methods: In 20 healthy dogs (body weight between 7 and 19 kg) a left side pulmonary homotransplantation was performed using a standardized method. 2 randomized groups of 10 animals each were formed, one undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, the other none. Needle biopsies (Menghini needles) were taken in both groups at the onset of rejection daily until death of the animals (on the 5th to 12th postoperative day). At death of the animals always total rejection of the homograft was observed. The other animals were subjected to a scheduled immunosuppressive therapy (Kreuzer et al. 1973, Radaszkiewicz et al. 1974). Needle biopsie swere taken only at the stage of a clinically or roentgenologically ascertained crisis of rejection. Before implantation of the homograft and 20 mins after occlusion of anastomoses and onset of circulation in the transplant biopsies were taken, too, to exclude early changes or alterations in the donor. The lung specimens (2 mm in size) obtained by biopsy were fixed in phosphate buffered OsO 4 and buffered phosphate solution by usual alcohol series. After embedding in epon the specimens were studied by electron microscopy. Results: In the group not undergoing immunosuppressive therapy beginning with the 3rd postoperative day perivascular lymphocytic and plasmacellular infiltrates were seen which increased during the course of rejection. In both groups a swelling and vacuolization of endoplasmatic reticulum, cytoplasmic microvilli with with bridge formation accompanied by an increase of alveolar macrophages and by augmentation of lamellar bodies in granular pneumocytes were noted following operation. A correlation between the increase of lamellar bodies and increase of surfactant has been shown previously.

The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin were studied in four patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. After a single intravenous infusion of 10 mg/kg of total body weight, multiple blood, urine, and dialysate samples were collected during a 72-h evaluation period. The steady-state volume of distribution was 0.73 +/- 0.07 (mean +/- standard deviation) liters/kg with a beta half-life of 90.2 +/- 24.2 h. The continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis clearance of vancomycin was 1.35 +/- 0.35 ml/min, and the serum clearance was 6.4 +/- 1.1 ml/min. Peritoneal dialysate concentrations of vancomycin were rapidly attained after the intravenous infusion and averaged 2.2 +/- 0.7 mg/liter throughout the 72-h observation period. A loading dose of 23 mg/kg followed by a maintenance dose of 17 mg/kg every 7 days should attain and maintain therapeutic serum and dialysate concentrations. More frequent dosing may be necessary for less susceptible organisms.

Despite the resurgence of the liberal arts, an undergraduate curriculum still requires a synthesis of liberal and practical learning.

69 patients suffering from bronchiectasies underwent surgery at the II. Surgical Clinic of the University of Vienna from 1958 to 1972. Analysis of results revealed three groups: 1. 67% of the patients cured completely, 2. 23% significantly improved, 3. 10% no improvement. The evaluation of spirometric measurements of not improved patients showed extensive preoperative obstructive ventilation disturbance.

In order to determine whether sonographic parenchymal changes and volume changes are reliable predictors of acute transplant rejection, 36 recipients of renal allografts were studied. The significance of graft volume changes was evaluated, since most previous studies have not utilized routine immediate postoperative baseline scans for comparison to follow-up scans. All patients had baseline scans within 24 hours of the transplant. All 24 acute rejection patients had biopsy proof of rejection within three days of the follow-up scans. Seven clinically normal and five clinically designated acute tubular necrosis (ATN) patients were studied for comparison. A retrospective blind review utilizing three sonologists and previously described criteria combined with calculated volume changes demonstrated an overall sensitivity of 85 per cent and specificity of 94 per cent for the detection of acute rejection. The kidneys with acute rejection had an average volume increase of 73 per cent vs. 27 per cent for ATN patients and 24 per cent for normal patients, a statistically significant difference.

In der vorliegenden Studie sollen die Auswirkungen der endoskopisch angewandten Hydrothermo- und Lasercoagulation auf die humane Magenwand in vivo naher definiert werden. Ziel ist es, das Ausmas der Gewebsschadigung bei verschiedenen Applikationsenergien festzustellen, um so eine fur den Patienten sichere Anwendung zu gewahrleisten. Bei 8 Patienten, die wegen eines Magencarcinoms zur Gastrektomie vorgesehen waren, wurden bei der routinemasigen praoperativen Gastroskopie Coagulationsmarken mit beiden Energietragern auf die dem Tumor benachbarte normale Schleimhaut des Antrum gesetzt. Wir verwendeten einen Neodymium YAG Laser (maximale Leistung 70 W, Applikationsdauer variiert zwischen 1 und 3 s) sowie die monopolare Elektrohydrothermosonde (Erbotom, maximale Leistung 170 W, Applikationsdauer zwischen 1 und 3 s). Die Gastrektomie erfolgte innerhalb von 3–6 Tagen nach Setzen der Coagulationsmarken. Beim Vergleich der Hydrothermosonden- und Lasercoagulationsmarken fand sich, das die Hydrothermosonde bei gleicher Applikationsdauer grosere Nekrosezonen verursachte als der Laser. In der histologischen Untersuchung konnte eine direkte Korrelation zwischen dem oberflachlichen Durchmesser und der Eindringtiefe der Nekrose gefunden werden. Die Lasionen reichten bei der maximalen Applikationsdauer bis an die Serosa. Eine Lasion der Serosa selbst konnte nie festgestellt werden. Die endoskopische Behandlung mit Hydrothermosonden- bzw. Lasercoagulation ist bei Einhaltung der angegebenen Maximalwerte sicher, da an unseren Praparaten nie eine Serosalasion festgestellt werden konnte. Blutende Lasionen konnen mit mehr Leistung coaguliert werden, da ein Teil der Energie durch das ausgetretene Blut absorbiert wird.

Der Abstand zwischen dem Beginn des Kammerkomplexes im EKG und dem dp/dt max des linken Ventrikels ist ein guter Parameter fur die myokardiale Kontraktionsfahigkeit des linken Ventrikels. Da tierexperimentell eine ausgezeichnete Korrelation zwischen dp/dt max und der B-Zacke des differenzierten Rheogramms gefunden werden konnte, eroffnet sich die Moglichkeit, auf einfache und den Patienten nicht belastende Weise diesen Wert rheographisch zu messen.

This study of ROR (release on own recognizance) pretrial release practices confirms that alleged offenders are indeed returning to court for trial and also indicates that a specially administered program is substantially more effective than the police in actually releasing those arrested. Research to determine the effectiveness, in releasing those qualified, of an independent bail agency of the court in New Haven, Conn., shows a substan tial increase in ROR releases and, in some instances, a significant increase in the total number of persons released before arraign ment. In addition, the number of cash bonds and bonds by bondsmen decreases.

Left homologous lung transplantation was performed in ten dogs. No postoperative immunosuppressive treatment was given. Biopsies were taken daily after transplantation to follow the morphologic changes during rejection. About the fourth day after transplantation, striking morphologic changes were seen in the pneumocytes and differences in the intensity of the reaction were visible between peripheral and central pulmonary regions.

Es wird eine Ubersicht uber 302 markgenagelte Oberschenkelfrakturen gegeben, die in den Jahren 1951–1960 bei 288 Patienten durchgefuhrt wurden. Nach Schilderung des operativen Eingriffes und der postoperativen Nachbehandlung werden die Komplikationen und Todesfalle besprochen, sowie die Ergebnisse der Nachuntersuchung, die bei 209 Patienten erfolgte, bekanntgegeben. Auf Grund unserer Ergebnisse konnen wir folgendes feststellen: ein Aufbohren des Markraumes halten wir nicht fur notwendig. Obwohl gelegentlich, vor allem bei Trummer- und Splitterbruchen sogar ein eher dunnerer Marknagel verwendet wurde, haben wir nie sekundare Achsenknickungen, Verbiegungen, Nagelbruche oder Pseudarthrosen feststellen mussen. Wenn heute noch einige Autoren von der Marknagelung auf Grund schlechter Ergebnisse warnen, so darf dafur nicht die Methode verantwortlich gemacht werden, sondern es scheint eher an fehlender Technik oder an Mangel einer Teamarbeit gelegen zu sein. Abschliesend konnen wir mit ruhigem Gewissen sagen, das Marknagelungen bei Femurfrakturen gute Ergebnisse zeigten und das wir den eingeschlagenen Weg fortsetzen werden und empfehlen durfen.

This papers aims to study water and electricity for sustainable development around Qattara Depression in Egypt. This study suggests target level ranging from 170-165 (m) rather than 175 (m) upstream High Aswan Dam (HAD) and release the water for cultivation purposes in the Old Delta land from Assiut to Qattara Depression. Historical data for (HAD) was collected to compare target level, release, evaporation, and hydroelectric energy value from (HAD). The irrigation requirement for Old Delta cultivation was estimated according to soil type and Evapotranspiration. The hydropower generation from Qattara Depression before and after filling time was studied. The result of this study shows that target level of 170 (m) is a perfect solution for smart operation for (HAD) that could be used for agriculture and hydroelectric generation purposes, especially in high flood seasons when excess water released to Toshka spillway and evaporated. The hydroelectric power generated in Qattara Depression does not need filling time, high cost building dam, and more easier to export electricity to Sudan, Ethiopia and Europe through electric networks.

Eight heavy metals were measured seasonally in the sediment of Lake Nasser during 2013. 27 sites were chosen through 9 sectors across the main channel of the lake from Abu-Simbel to Aswan High Dam to assess the levels of the selected metals. The abundance of these metals was in the order of Fe > Mn > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd, with mean concentrations of 12.41 mg/g, 279.56, 35.38, 30.79, 27.56, 21.78, 11.21 and 0.183 μg/g, respectively. Heavy metals are positively correlated with fine particles (mud fractions) and organic matter accumulation. The results showed perspicuous spatial high significant differences (P

This research aims to investigate the filling scenarios of Qattara Depression in Egypt to adapt for sea level rise. Observations were documented and photos were captured. Data was assembled and analyzed. Different scenarios (3) were designed and simulated. The results of the scenarios were analysed using HEC-RAS and GIS, from which it was deduced that the factors (i.e. topology, land use, soil type and hydraulic parameters) are influencing parameters. The results were thus evaluated, compared.

One hundred and fifteen patients, separated into 4 groups, received neostigmine 5 mg with either atropine 1.2 mg or 1.8 mg, or glycopyrrolate 0.6 mg or 0.9 mg. Those receiving 0.9 mg glycopyrrolate had insignificant changes in heart rate in the immediate postreversal period. It is recommended that when glycopyrrolate is used with 5 mg neostigmine, the optimum dose is 0.9 mg.

This paper reports on the prevalence of oral lichen planus among 4277 Saudi patients, aged 18-73 yr, seen in the dental department of King Fahd Central Hospital, Gizan, Saudi Arabia, between 1982 and 1987, 63% of the patients were males. Oral mucosal lesions consistent with lichen planus were identified both clinically and histologically in 72 patients (40 males and 32 females). The average age of the affected group was 49 yr. No correlation was evident between lichen planus and tobacco habits in this study, nor was there any association with diabetes or hypertension. The average period of follow-up was 3.2 yr, during which four cases developed malignant transformation of the oral lesions. The prevalence of oral lichen planus in this study was 1.7%, which is higher than the prevalence figures reported earlier for the population of Saudi Arabia.

The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound, derived by lead tetraacetate oxidation of the bis-p-methoxybenzoylhydrazone of 3,3-dimethylpentane-2,4-dione, is studied by an X-ray crystallographic analysis.

Substituted-3-benzylidenebenzo[b]thiophen-2-ones have been synthesized. 5,6-Dimethoxybenzo[b]-thiophen-2-(3H)one with aniline and triethyl orthoformate gives the 3-anilinomethylene compound, which can be hydrolysed to give the corresponding 3-hydroxymethylene derivative. Dimethoxybenzo[b]thieno[2,3-b]-quinoline has been synthesized.

In field-scale trials at Hamoul in the north of the Nile delta in 1967 and 1968, certain herbicides applied to a soil heavily infested with barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) gave very satisfactory results. Taking into account both grass control and increase in rice stand, molinate and propanil at 3-4 Ib/feddan* were shown to be most effective. Molinate used either as a liquid or granular formulation gave excellent results when applied pre-flood (liquid) or post-emergence (liquid and granules). Propanil used post-emergence gave good results provided that the field was drained 24 hours before treatment and flooded again 24 hours after.

Pulmonary emphysema was induced in 8 bastard dogs by intratracheal instillation of Papain. Development of emphysema was documented by pulmonary function tests. The emphysematous animals underwent single lung homotransplantation. Postoperative bronchospirometric measurements revealed that up to the 6th week after transplantation there is no evidence of serious ventilation perfusion inbalance.

In a view which takes into consideration together systemic concepts, concepts own to the field of communication theories, and ideas of comparative ethology, the author attempts an approach of the mechanisms governing interpersonal regulation of aggressive behaviour. After a brief review of characters of rites, he examines more specifically rites of aggression and of appeasement, currently observed in animal world, and that can be observed too in human species, at a stylized level. In this point of view, he studies not only specific characters of these rites, but their dynamic unrolling into interactional sequences, which can by symmetrical or complementary. He underlines the usefulness of rites in human relationships, especially their regulating value in mastering aggressive behaviour. He calls their therapeutic utilisation, notably in family therapy.

Unilateral homotransplantation of the lung was performed in ten healthy mongrel dogs. Assessment of pulmonary function was obtained immediately after transplantation ten days and four weeks postoperatively. A conventional endotracheal tube was used for measurement of total lung function. A special tube was deviced for bronchospirometric measurements in dogs. A moderate increase of tidal volume and marked increase of respiratory rate and minute ventilation could be noted immediately after transplantation. Oxygen consumption was not changed significantly. There was a marked decrease in arterial pO2-level following transplantation, which was improved during the follow-up studies and found within normal limits at the tenth postoperative day. Bronchospirometry immediately following transplantation revealed equal ventilation values of both lungs, but oxygen consumption of the transplant was reduced 50% compared to the recipient's own lung. On the tenth postoperative day ventilatory function of the transplant was found close to that of the recipients own lung. Oxygen consumption in respiratory equivalent at this time averaged two thirds of the animal's own lung. Four weeks following transplantation no further significant change of respiratory function could be noted.

Pulmonary function studies after single-lung homotransplantation in dogs with experimentally induced emphysema. Pulmonary emphysema was induced in 8 bastard dogs by intratracheal instillation of papain (dose 2 mg/kg 3 to 5 times in 6 to 10 weeks). Development of emphysema was documented by weekly pulmonary function studies. The emphysematous animals underwent single-lung homotransplantation. Postoperative studies of lung function were performed immediately after transplantation and 1 week postoperatively. Bronchospirometric measurement revealed that ventilatory function and oxygen consumption of the graft was at least equal to the animal's own emphysematous lung. Up to 1 week after transplantation there is no evidence of serious ventilation-perfusion imbalance.

Since its commercial release, Zyderm collagen implant has been used to treat more than 200,000 subjects in the United States for soft-tissue contour defects and more than 250,000 patients internationally (including the United States). Approximately 3 percent of subjects' skin tested with Zyderm collagen experience localized hypersensitivity reactions to collagen, whereas approximately 1 percent of treated patients demonstrate symptoms of hypersensitivity at treatment sites. Of the latter treatment responses reported since the conclusion of clinical trials with Zyderm, 56 percent occurred following the first treatment, 28 percent following the second, 10 percent following the third, and 6 percent following subsequent exposures. The data indicate that most patients receive a median of three treatments (mean = 4.4) with Zyderm collagen, but most patients who are likely to develop sensitivity to Zyderm collagen appear to respond immunologically to the test implant or first treatment exposure. Examining these treatment responses, 45 percent of the patients reported an onset of symptoms within 10 days and 22 percent at more than 30 days following the last treatment with Zyderm collagen. Erythema was the sole symptom in 24 percent of cases, whereas erythema plus induration comprised an additional 42 percent. Antibodies against Zyderm collagen were detected in the sera of 88 percent of these subjects using an ELISA, but no reactivity was observed against human collagen. Sera from patients reporting only systemic symptoms were not found to have anticollagen antibodies. These data suggest that the relative risk of a hypersensitivity reaction to Zyderm collagen does not increase with multiple exposures, since patients who are going to develop an immune response to bovine collagen react with greatest frequency to initial injections of collagen. In animal models, Zyderm collagen was shown to be less immunogenic than other medical devices which are composed of bovine collagen. Specifically, comparative studies were conducted in which Zyderm collagen and hemostatic agents were implanted in the guinea pig subcutaneum: sera from animals treated with collagen-derived hemostatic devices possessed significant levels of anti-implant antibodies (titers greater than 640), whereas animals treated with Zyderm collagen mounted minimal responses (titers less than 40). Additional studies were conducted in which implant materials were compared in a guinea pig parietal (bony defect) model and in a rabbit hemostasis model: in both, Zyderm collagen demonstrated lower immunogenicity than commercial bovine collagen hemostatic agents. Histologic results from these studies showed Zyderm

Apart from general educational and treatment practices there is practically no attempt in providing specific rehabilitation programs for the mentally retarded adult firesetter. After a brief review of cognitive-behavior modification approaches in self-control training, the authors report on a method which has proved to be effective in cognitive and behavior analysis under threatening penalty conditions in a case of mental retardation with a history of repeated firesetting. The treatment goals are derived from the functional behavioral and cognitive analysis of the problem situation, the developmental analysis including attitudes and attributions, the motivational and self-control analysis and the analysis of social conditions. Fire-setting is defined as an operant behavior under discriminative stimulus control. An individual treatment program relevant to the different therapeutic targets is established. The proceedings are described by the authors.

Fibroendoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices during or after a bleeding period is an effective method with low risks. From 1977 to June 1981, 60 patients underwent 125 sclerotherapy sessions. In 61,5% this palliative therapy had good results. 27% died during the first stay in hospital, 11,5% of them due to severe attacks of bleeding. Another 11,5% had rebleeding episodes later on. The complication rate of this method is 0,9%, the mortality rate 0%.

69 patients suffering from bronchiectasies underwent surgery at the II. Surgical Clinic of the University of Vienna from 1958 to 1972. Analysis of results revealed three groups: 1. 67% of the patients cured completely, 2. 23% significantly improved, 3. 10% no improvement. The evaluation of spirometric measurements of not improved patients showed extensive preoperative obstructive ventilation disturbance.

The administration of betamimetics has proved to be useful for symptom-oriented treatment in patients with reduced utero-placental flow. In order to quantify the betamimetic effect flow measurements were carried out in a total of 12 sheep, yielding the following experimental results: 1) Betamimetics, up to a certain point which correlates with maternal heart rate, raise the uteroplacental flow-rate. 2) The use of cardio-selective betablocker prevents undesired betamimetic side-effects but there is also a loss of the rise in utero-placental flow rate. 3) In sheep pretreated with Oxytoxin the application of betamimetics not only offsets oxytoxin-action but also greatly improves utero-placental blood flow.