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The authors report a case in which hyperparathyroidism recurred after total parathyroidectomy and autogenous parathyroid graft into the fore-arm musculature, in a patient with chronic renal failure. Light and electron microscopic studies of the grafted tissue show a severe, nodular hyperplasia. This case report illustrates the rapid "tumour-like" growth of the hyperplastic parathyroid grafted tissue; according to some authors, the hyperplastic parathyroid tissue displays an increased propensity to become malignant.

Pelvic arterio-venous fistulae are rare. They can be congenital or acquired. If the latter they are nearly always iatrogenic following surgery for prolapsed intervertebral discs or following gynaecological or obstetrical surgery. Diagnosis is difficult because the symptoms and signs are not specific ore are deceptive. Clinical examination shows that this "tumour" is vascular in nature. Up till recently treatment was disappointing, consisting as it did of surgery which was often difficult and dangerous and possibly carrying a poor prognosis, and in most cases resulting in recurrences. Since intra-arterial embolisation techniques have been developed, either by themselves or before surgery, the results have been better. They cannot be carried out without a preliminary precise and complete arteriographic assessment.

Among congenital dilatations of the common bile duct, a congenital diverticulum of the common bile duct may remain clinically latent for a long period. One case is reported in a 77 year old subject. Precise diagnosis of the disease is often made at operation and on pathological examination. The diverticulum is cured in most cases after surgery which consists of simple removal, but which may sometimes require reconstruction of the common bile duct.