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251. VIMS/CASSINI at Titan

Author

Baines, K.H.(1), Brown, R.B.(1), Matson, D.L.(1), Nelson, R.M.(1), Buratti, B.J.(1), Bibring, J.P.(2), Langevin, Y.(2), Sotin, C.(2), Carusi, A.(3), Coradini, A.(3), Clark, R.N.(4), Combes, M.(5), Drossart, P.(5), Sicardy, B.(5), Cruikshank, D.P.(6), Formisano, V.(7), and Jaumann, R.

Published
1992

252. Cassini - VIMS: Ein abbildendes Spektrometer zur Erforschung des Saturn

Author

Brown, R.H.(1), Jaumann, R., Nelson, R.H.(1), Matson, D.L.(1), Baines, K.H.(1), Buratti, B.(1), Cruikshank, D.P.(2), Clark, R.N.(3), Carusi, A.(4), Coradini, A.(4), Bibring, J.P.(5), Sotin, C.(5), Langevin, Y.(5), Formisano, V.(6), Combes, H.(7), Drossart, P.(7), and Sicardi, B.(7)

Published
1992

253. Martian water vapor: Mars Express PFS/LW observations

Author

Fouchet, T., primary, Lellouch, E., additional, Ignatiev, N.I., additional, Forget, F., additional, Titov, D.V., additional, Tschimmel, M., additional, Montmessin, F., additional, Formisano, V., additional, Giuranna, M., additional, Maturilli, A., additional, and Encrenaz, T., additional

Published
2007
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254. HEOS 1 helium observations in the solar wind

Author

Bollea, D, Formisano, V, Hedgecock, P. C, Moreno, G, and Palmiotto, F

Subjects
Space Radiation
Abstract

Results of alpha-particle observations performed by the European satellite HEOS 1, in the period from December 9, 1968, to April 13, 1969, and from September 6, 1969, to April 15, 1970, are presented. The average bulk velocities of protons V sub p and alpha-particles V sub alpha appear to be equal; however, due to an instrumental bias, the possibility of V sub alpha being lower than V sub p cannot be ruled out. Comparison with observations of Vela 3 and Explorer 34 satellites gives evidence of a dependence of helium abundance on the solar cycle. The problem of the stability of differences between the bulk velocities of protons and alpha-particles is investigated. The behavior of alpha-particles through interplanetary shock waves is illustrated in connection with magnetic field measurements.

Published
1972

255. Shock pair observation

Author

Chao, J. K, Formisano, V, and Hedgecock, P. C

Subjects
Space Radiation
Abstract

On day 84, 1969, the HEOS 1 satellite observed a shock pair connected with a plasma bulk velocity increase from 400 to approximately 750 km/sec. Both shocks were fast shocks. The forward shock had a Mach number of 1.7, the reverse shock had M(fast) = 1.4. The time interval between the two shocks was 7 hrs, 10 min. The time delay between HEOS 1 and Explorer 35 reverse shock observation (20 + or - 6 min) agrees with the computed time delay (11 + or - 4 min).

Published
1972

256. Small amplitude waves in high beta plasmas.

Author

Formisano, V and Kennel, C. F

Subjects
Physics, Plasma
Abstract

Phase velocities and polarizations of linear waves in infinite uniform high beta plasma

Published
1969

259. Solar wind interaction with the earth's magnetic field. II - Magnetohydrodynamic bow shock.

Author

Formisano, V, Moreno, G, Palmiotto, F, Hedgecock, P. C, and Chao, J. K

Subjects
Space Radiation
Abstract

The earth's bow shock has been investigated as a magnetohydrodynamic discontinuity using the plasma and magnetic data supplied by the European satellite Heos 1. The jumps of the fluid parameters through the shock have been studied as a function of the Mach number and of the geometry of the shock surface. The solar wind specific heat ratio has been found to be equal to 1.75 or 2.25, depending on the presence or absence of upstream waves. Computations of the shock velocity performed for 23 crossings gave an average speed of about 85 km/sec.

Published
1973

260. Observations in the Saturn system during approach and orbital insertion, with Cassini's visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS)

Author

Brown, R. H., primary, Baines, K. H., additional, Bellucci, G., additional, Buratti, B. J., additional, Capaccioni, F., additional, Cerroni, P., additional, Clark, R. N., additional, Coradini, A., additional, Cruikshank, D. P., additional, Drossart, P., additional, Formisano, V., additional, Jaumann, R., additional, Langevin, Y., additional, Matson, D. L., additional, McCord, T. B., additional, Mennella, V., additional, Nelson, R. M., additional, Nicholson, P. D., additional, Sicardy, B., additional, Sotin, C., additional, Baugh, N., additional, Griffith, C. A., additional, Hansen, G. B., additional, Hibbitts, C. A., additional, Momary, T. W., additional, and Showalter, M. R., additional

Published
2006
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264. Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer Observations of Iapetus: Detection of CO 2

Author

Buratti, B. J., primary, Cruikshank, D. P., additional, Brown, R. H., additional, Clark, R. N., additional, Bauer, J. M., additional, Jaumann, R., additional, McCord, T. B., additional, Simonelli, D. P., additional, Hibbitts, C. A., additional, Hansen, G. B., additional, Owen, T. C., additional, Baines, K. H., additional, Bellucci, G., additional, Bibring, J.-P., additional, Capaccioni, F., additional, Cerroni, P., additional, Coradini, A., additional, Drossart, P., additional, Formisano, V., additional, Langevin, Y., additional, Matson, D. L., additional, Mennella, V., additional, Nelson, R. M., additional, Nicholson, P. D., additional, Sicardy, B., additional, Sotin, C., additional, Roush, T. L., additional, Soderlund, K., additional, and Muradyan, A., additional

Published
2005
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266. The Cassini Visual And Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (Vims) Investigation

Author

Brown, R. H., primary, Baines, K. H., additional, Bellucci, G., additional, Bibring, J.-P., additional, Buratti, B. J., additional, Capaccioni, F., additional, Cerroni, P., additional, Clark, R. N., additional, Coradini, A., additional, Cruikshank, D. P., additional, Drossart, P., additional, Formisano, V., additional, Jaumann, R., additional, Langevin, Y., additional, Matson, D. L., additional, Mccord, T. B., additional, Mennella, V., additional, Miller, E., additional, Nelson, R. M., additional, Nicholson, P. D., additional, Sicardy, B., additional, and Sotin, C., additional

Published
2004
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267. Energetic magnetospheric oxygen in the magnetosheath and its response to IMF orientation: Cluster observations

Author

Marcucci, M. F., primary, Bavassano Cattaneo, M. B., additional, Pallocchia, G., additional, Amata, E., additional, Bruno, R., additional, Di Lellis, A. M., additional, Formisano, V., additional, Rème, H., additional, Bosqued, J. M., additional, Dandouras, I., additional, Sauvaud, J.‐A., additional, Kistler, L. M., additional, Moebius, E., additional, Klecker, B., additional, Carlson, C. W., additional, Parks, G. K., additional, McCarthy, M., additional, Korth, A., additional, Lundin, R., additional, and Balogh, A., additional

Published
2004
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269. Evidence for impulsive solar wind plasma penetration through the dayside magnetopause

Author

Lundin, R., primary, Sauvaud, J.-A., additional, Rème, H., additional, Balogh, A., additional, Dandouras, I., additional, Bosqued, J. M., additional, Carlson, C., additional, Parks, G. K., additional, Möbius, E., additional, Kistler, L. M., additional, Klecker, B., additional, Amata, E., additional, Formisano, V., additional, Dunlop, M., additional, Eliasson, L., additional, Korth, A., additional, Lavraud, B., additional, and McCarthy, M., additional

Published
2003
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271. Motion of auroral ion outflow structures observed with CLUSTER and IMAGE FUV

Author

Kistler, L. M., primary, Frey, H. U., additional, Möbius, E., additional, Mouikis, C., additional, Quinn, J. M., additional, Klecker, B., additional, Rème, H., additional, Bosqued, J. M., additional, Dandouras, I., additional, Sauvaud, J. A., additional, Di Lellis, A. M., additional, Formisano, V., additional, Marcucci, M. F., additional, Carlson, C. W., additional, McFadden, J. P., additional, Parks, G. K., additional, McCarthy, M., additional, Korth, A., additional, Eliasson, L., additional, Lundin, R., additional, Paschmann, G., additional, Popecki, M. A., additional, Mende, S. B., additional, Winningham, J. D., additional, and Fazakerley, A. N., additional

Published
2002
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272. Solar Wind Particle Distribution Function Fitted via the Generalized Kappa Distribution Function: Cluster Observations.

Author

Qureshi, M.N.S., Pallocchia, G., Bruno, R., Cattaneo, M.B., Formisano, V., Reme, H., Bosqued, J.M., Dandouras, I., Sauvaud, J.A., Kistler, L.M., Möbius, E., Klecker, B., Carlson, C.W., McFadden, J.P., Parks, G.K., McCarthy, M., Korth, A., Lundin, R., and Balogh, A.

Subjects
SOLAR wind, PARTICLES (Nuclear physics), INTERPLANETARY magnetic fields
Abstract

One of the major issues in space plasma physics is that in spite of the inhomogeneity of interplanetary plasma and the complicated magnetic field topology we do not find strong deviations from Maxwellian distributions as it would be expected for a quasi-collisionless plasma. However, the presence of high energy tail and shoulders in the profile of distribution function stimulate to look for a better analytic representation of the observed distributions. Therefore, here we adopt a non-Maxwellian distribution function such as the Ellipsian distribution function, which is the generalized form of the Kappa distribution function. In this paper we have analysed the solar wind data recorded by Cluster s/c during early 2001 and 2002 when the s/c were repeatedly immersed in the solar wind, ahead of the Earth’s bow shock. Data were modeled with the help of the Ellipsian distribution function and values of the best fit parameters were successively used to characterize the solar wind kinetics at different locations of one of the four Cluster s/c. © 2003 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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273. First multispacecraft ion measurements in and near the Earth’s magnetosphere with the identical Cluster ion spectrometry (CIS) experiment

Author

Rème, H., primary, Aoustin, C., additional, Bosqued, J. M., additional, Dandouras, I., additional, Lavraud, B., additional, Sauvaud, J. A., additional, Barthe, A., additional, Bouyssou, J., additional, Camus, Th., additional, Coeur-Joly, O., additional, Cros, A., additional, Cuvilo, J., additional, Ducay, F., additional, Garbarowitz, Y., additional, Medale, J. L., additional, Penou, E., additional, Perrier, H., additional, Romefort, D., additional, Rouzaud, J., additional, Vallat, C., additional, Alcaydé, D., additional, Jacquey, C., additional, Mazelle, C., additional, d’Uston, C., additional, Möbius, E., additional, Kistler, L. M., additional, Crocker, K., additional, Granoff, M., additional, Mouikis, C., additional, Popecki, M., additional, Vosbury, M., additional, Klecker, B., additional, Hovestadt, D., additional, Kucharek, H., additional, Kuenneth, E., additional, Paschmann, G., additional, Scholer, M., additional, Sckopke, N., additional, Seidenschwang, E., additional, Carlson, C. W., additional, Curtis, D. W., additional, Ingraham, C., additional, Lin, R. P., additional, McFadden, J. P., additional, Parks, G. K., additional, Phan, T., additional, Formisano, V., additional, Amata, E., additional, Bavassano-Cattaneo, M. B., additional, Baldetti, P., additional, Bruno, R., additional, Chionchio, G., additional, Di Lellis, A., additional, Marcucci, M. F., additional, Pallocchia, G., additional, Korth, A., additional, Daly, P. W., additional, Graeve, B., additional, Rosenbauer, H., additional, Vasyliunas, V., additional, McCarthy, M., additional, Wilber, M., additional, Eliasson, L., additional, Lundin, R., additional, Olsen, S., additional, Shelley, E. G., additional, Fuselier, S., additional, Ghielmetti, A. G., additional, Lennartsson, W., additional, Escoubet, C. P., additional, Balsiger, H., additional, Friedel, R., additional, Cao, J.-B., additional, Kovrazhkin, R. A., additional, Papamastorakis, I., additional, Pellat, R., additional, Scudder, J., additional, and Sonnerup, B., additional

Published
2001
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274. Observations of the spatial and temporal structure of field-aligned beam and gyrating ring distributions at the quasi-perpendicular bow shock with Cluster CIS

Author

Möbius, E., primary, Kucharek, H., additional, Mouikis, C., additional, Georgescu, E., additional, Kistler, L. M., additional, Popecki, M. A., additional, Scholer, M., additional, Bosqued, J. M., additional, Rème, H., additional, Carlson, C. W., additional, Klecker, B., additional, Korth, A., additional, Parks, G. K., additional, Sauvaud, J. C., additional, Balsiger, H., additional, Bavassano-Cattaneo, M.-B., additional, Dandouras, I., additional, DiLellis, A. M., additional, Eliasson, L., additional, Formisano, V., additional, Horbury, T., additional, Lennartsson, W., additional, Lundin, R., additional, McCarthy, M., additional, McFadden, J. P., additional, and Paschmann, G., additional

Published
2001
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275. Cluster observations of the high-latitude magnetopause and cusp: initial results from the CIS ion instruments

Author

Bosqued, J. M., primary, Phan, T. D., additional, Dandouras, I., additional, Escoubet, C. P., additional, Rème, H., additional, Balogh, A., additional, Dunlop, M. W., additional, Alcaydé, D., additional, Amata, E., additional, Bavassano-Cattaneo, M.-B., additional, Bruno, R., additional, Carlson, C., additional, DiLellis, A. M., additional, Eliasson, L., additional, Formisano, V., additional, Kistler, L. M., additional, Klecker, B., additional, Korth, A., additional, Kucharek, H., additional, Lundin, R., additional, McCarthy, M., additional, McFadden, J. P., additional, Möbius, E., additional, Parks, G. K., additional, and Sauvaud, J.-A., additional

Published
2001
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276. Intermittent thermal plasma acceleration linked to sporadic motions of the magnetopause, first Cluster results

Author

Sauvaud, J.-A., primary, Lundin, R., additional, Rème, H., additional, McFadden, J. P., additional, Carlson, C., additional, Parks, G. K., additional, Möbius, E., additional, Kistler, L. M., additional, Klecker, B., additional, Amata, E., additional, DiLellis, A. M., additional, Formisano, V., additional, Bosqued, J. M., additional, Dandouras, I., additional, Décréau, P., additional, Dunlop, M., additional, Eliasson, L., additional, Korth, A., additional, Lavraud, B., additional, and McCarthy, M., additional

Published
2001
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277. Virtis : an imaging spectrometer for the rosetta mission

Author

Coradine, A, primary, Capaccioni, F, additional, Drossart, P, additional, Semery, A, additional, Arnold, G, additional, Schade, U, additional, Angrilli, F, additional, Barucci, M.A, additional, Bellucci, G, additional, Bianchini, G, additional, Bibring, J.P, additional, Blanco, A, additional, Blecka, M, additional, Bockelee-Morvan, D, additional, Bonsignori, R, additional, Bouye, M, additional, Bussoletti, E, additional, Capria, M.T, additional, Carlson, R, additional, Carsenty, U, additional, Cerroni, P, additional, Colangeli, L, additional, Combes, M, additional, Combi, M, additional, Crovisier, J, additional, Dami, M, additional, DeSanctis, M.C, additional, DiLellis, A.M, additional, Dotto, E, additional, Encrenaz, T, additional, Epifani, E, additional, Erard, S, additional, Espinasse, S, additional, Fave, A, additional, Federico, C, additional, Fink, U, additional, Fonti, S, additional, Formisano, V, additional, Hello, Y, additional, Hirsch, H, additional, Huntzinger, G, additional, Knoll, R, additional, Kouach, D, additional, Ip, W.H, additional, Irwin, P, additional, Kachlicki, J, additional, Langevin, Y, additional, Magni, G, additional, McCord, T, additional, Mennella, V, additional, Michaelis, H, additional, Mondello, G, additional, Mottola, S, additional, Neukum, G, additional, Orofino, V, additional, Orosei, R, additional, Palumbo, P, additional, Peter, G, additional, Pforte, B, additional, Piccioni, G, additional, Reess, J.M, additional, Ress, E, additional, Saggin, B, additional, Schmitt, B, additional, Stefanovitch, ;, additional, Stern, A, additional, Taylor, F, additional, Tiphene, D, additional, and Tozzi, G, additional

Published
1998
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279. INTERBALL magnetotail boundary case studies

Author

Savin, S.P., primary, Balan, O., additional, Borodkova, N., additional, Budnik, E., additional, Nikolaeva, N., additional, Prokhorenko, V., additional, Pulkkinen, T., additional, Rybjeva, N., additional, Safrankova, J., additional, Sandahl, I., additional, Amata, E., additional, Auster, U., additional, Bellucci, G., additional, Blagau, A., additional, Blecki, J., additional, Buechner, J., additional, Ciobanu, M., additional, Dubinin, E., additional, Yermolaev, Yu., additional, Echim, M., additional, Fedorov, A., additional, Formisano, V., additional, Grard, R., additional, Ivchenko, V., additional, Jiricek, F., additional, Juchniewicz, J., additional, Klimov, S., additional, Korepanov, V., additional, Koskinen, H., additional, Kudela, K., additional, Lundin, R., additional, Lutsenko, V., additional, Marghitu, O., additional, Nemecek, Z., additional, Nikutowski, B., additional, Nozdrachev, M., additional, Orsini, S., additional, Parrot, M., additional, Petrukovich, A., additional, Pissarenko, N., additional, Romanov, S., additional, Rauch, J., additional, Rustenbach, J., additional, Sauvaud, J.A., additional, Sarris, E.T., additional, Skalsky, A., additional, Smilauer, J., additional, Triska, P., additional, Trotignon, J.G., additional, Vojta, J., additional, Zastenker, G., additional, Zelenyi, L., additional, Agafonov, Yu., additional, Grushin, V., additional, Khrapchenkov, V., additional, Prech, L., additional, and Santolik, O., additional

Published
1997
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281. PFS: A fourier spectrometer for the study of Martian atmosphere

Author

Formisano, V., primary, Moroz, V.I., additional, Angrilli, F., additional, Bianchini, G., additional, Bussoletti, E., additional, Cafaro, N., additional, Capaccioni, F., additional, Capria, M.T., additional, Cerroni, P., additional, Chionchio, G., additional, Colangeli, L., additional, Coradini, A., additional, Di Lellis, A., additional, Fonti, S., additional, Orfei, R., additional, Palomba, E., additional, Piccioni, G., additional, Saggin, B., additional, Ekonomov, A., additional, Grigorlev, A., additional, Gnedykh, V., additional, Khatuntsev, I., additional, Kiselev, A., additional, Matsygorin, I., additional, Moshkin, B., additional, Nechaev, V., additional, Nikolsky, Yu., additional, Patsaev, D., additional, Russakov, A., additional, Titov, D., additional, Zasova, L., additional, Blecka, M.I., additional, Jurewicz, A., additional, Michalska, M., additional, Novosielski, W., additional, Orleanski, P., additional, Arnold, G., additional, Hirsch, H., additional, Driesher, H., additional, Lopez-Moreno, J., additional, Rodrigo, R., additional, Rodriguez-Gomez, J., additional, and Michel, G., additional

Published
1997
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283. Infrared spectrometer PFS for the Mars 94 orbiter

Author

Formisano, V., primary, Moroz, V.I., additional, Hirsch, H., additional, Orleanski, P., additional, Michel, G., additional, Lopez-Moreno, J., additional, Amata, E., additional, Bellucci, G., additional, Piccioni, G., additional, Chionchio, G., additional, Carusi, A., additional, Coradini, A., additional, Cerroni, P., additional, Capria, M.T., additional, Capaccioni, F., additional, Adriani, A., additional, Vitterbini, M., additional, Angrilli, F., additional, Bianchini, G., additional, Saggin, B., additional, Fonti, S., additional, Bussoletti, E., additional, Mancini, D., additional, Colangeli, L., additional, Grigoriev, A., additional, Moshkin, B., additional, Gnedykh, V., additional, Matsygorin, I.A., additional, Patsaev, D., additional, Nikolsky, Yu.V., additional, Titov, D.V., additional, Zasova, L.V., additional, Khatuntsev, I., additional, Kiselev, A., additional, Arnold, G., additional, Driesher, H., additional, Blecka, M.I., additional, Rodrigo, R., additional, and Rodriguez-Gomez, J., additional

Published
1996
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287. Planetary Fourier spectrometer: An interferometer for atmospheric studies on board Mars 94 mission

Author

Formisano, V., primary, Moroz, V., additional, Amata, E., additional, Baldetti, P., additional, Bellucci, G., additional, Chionchio, G., additional, Matteuzzi, A., additional, Orfei, R., additional, Piccioni, G., additional, Carusi, A., additional, Coradini, A., additional, Cerroni, P., additional, Capaccioni, F., additional, Adriani, A., additional, Viterbini, M., additional, Angrilli, F., additional, Baglioni, P., additional, Bianchini, G., additional, Fanti, G., additional, Bussoletti, E., additional, Fonti, S., additional, Mancini, D., additional, Colangeli, L., additional, Grigoriev, A., additional, Moshkin, B., additional, Zasova, L., additional, Sanko, N., additional, Nikolsky, Y., additional, Gnedykh, V., additional, Kiselev, A., additional, Khatuntsev, I., additional, Goncharov, S., additional, Titov, D., additional, Hirsh, H., additional, Arnold, G., additional, Orleansky, P., additional, Combes, M., additional, Michel, G., additional, Rodrigo, R., additional, Lopez Moreno, J. J., additional, Rodriguez Gomez, J., additional, and Olivares, I., additional

Published
1993
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288. Pickup water group ions at comet Grigg‐Skjellerup

Author

Coates, A. J., primary, Johnstone, A. D., additional, Huddleston, D. E., additional, Wilken, B., additional, Jockers, K., additional, Borg, H., additional, Amata, E., additional, Formisano, V., additional, Bavassano‐Cattaneo, M. B., additional, Winningham, J. D., additional, Gurgiolo, C., additional, and Neubauer, F. M., additional

Published
1993
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294. Observations of water vapour and carbon monoxide in the Martian atmosphere with the SWC of PFS/MEX

Author

Sindoni, G., Formisano, V., and Geminale, A.

Subjects
*ATMOSPHERIC water vapor, *CARBON monoxide, *CLIMATOLOGY, *TRACE gases, *PHOTOCHEMISTRY, *STABILITY (Mechanics), *MARTIAN atmosphere, *MARTIAN exploration, *MARS (Planet)
Abstract

Abstract: In the history of Mars exploration its atmosphere and planetary climatology aroused particular interest. In the study of the minor gases abundance in the Martian atmosphere, water vapour became especially important, both because it is the most variable trace gas, and because it is involved in several processes characterizing the planetary atmosphere. The water vapour photolysis regulates the Martian atmosphere photochemistry, and so it is strictly related to carbon monoxide. The CO study is very important for the so-called “atmosphere stability problem”, solved by the theoretical modelling involving photochemical reactions in which the H2O and the CO gases are main characters. The Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS) on board the ESA Mars Express (MEX) mission can probe the Mars atmosphere in the infrared spectral range between 200 and 2000cm−1 (5–50μm) with the Long Wavelength Channel (LWC) and between 1700 and 8000cm−1 (1.2–5.8μm) with the Short Wavelength Channel (SWC). Although there are several H2O and CO absorption bands in the spectral range covered by PFS, we used the 3845cm−1 (2.6μm) and the 4235cm−1 (2.36μm) bands for the analysis of water vapour and carbon monoxide, respectively, because these ranges are less affected by instrumental problems than the other ones. The gaseous concentrations are retrieved by using an algorithm developed for this purpose. The PFS/SW dataset used in this work covers more than two and a half Martian years from Ls=62° of MY 27 (orbit 634) to Ls=203° of MY 29 (orbit 6537). We measured a mean column density of water vapour of about 9.6pr. μm and a mean mixing ratio of carbon monoxide of about 990ppm, but with strong seasonal variations at high latitudes. The seasonal water vapour map reproduces very well the known seasonal water cycle. In the northern summer, water vapour and CO show a good anticorrelation most of the time. This behaviour is due to the carbon dioxide and water sublimation from the north polar ice cap, which dilutes non-condensable species including carbon monoxide. An analogous process takes place during the winter polar cap, but in this case the condensation of carbon dioxide and water vapour causes an increase of the concentration of non-condensable species. Finally, the results show the seasonal variation of the carbon monoxide mixing ratio with the surface pressure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2011
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295. Mapping methane in Martian atmosphere with PFS-MEX data

Author

Geminale, A., Formisano, V., and Sindoni, G.

Subjects
*METHANE, *SPECTROMETERS, *WAVELENGTHS, *CONDENSATION, *PRECIPITATION variability, *MARTIAN atmosphere, *MARS (Planet)
Abstract

Abstract: In this study we map the methane gas in the Martian atmosphere. The main goal of this work is to show the methane behaviour across the planet seasonally. To this aim, we analyze the strongest methane band in the short wavelength channel of the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS) on board ESA Mars Express (MeX) spacecraft. The optical line depth is used to derive the column density of methane. The maps thus obtained show the spatial variability of this non-condensable gas and how the gas is transported in the atmosphere due to the cycle of carbon dioxide. Moreover, the increase of methane over the north polar cap during local summer, which cannot be explained by global circulation, strongly suggests that there could be methane reservoir associated with the polar cap. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2011
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296. The atmospheric temperatures over Olympus Mons on Mars: An atmospheric hot ring

Author

Wolkenberg, P., Formisano, V., Rinaldi, G., and Geminale, A.

Subjects
*ATMOSPHERIC temperature, *SPECTROMETERS, *DYNAMICS, *CARTOGRAPHY, *MARTIAN atmosphere, *MARTIAN volcanoes, *MARS (Planet)
Abstract

Abstract: We study the thermal fields over Olympus Mons separating seasons (northern spring and summer against southern spring and summer) and local time observations (day side versus night side). Temperature vertical profiles retrieved from Planetary Fourier Spectrometer on board Mars Express (PFS–MEX) data have been used. In many orbits (running north to south along a meridian) passing over the top of the volcano there is evidence of a hot air on top of the volcano, of two enhancement of the air temperature both north and south of it and in between a collar of air that is colder than nearby at low altitudes, and warmer than nearby at high altitudes. Mapping together many orbits passing over or near the volcano we find that the hot air has the tendency to form an hot ring around it. This hot structure occurs mostly between LT=10.00 and 15.00 and during the northern summer. Distance of the hot structure from the top of the volcano is about 600km (10° of latitude). The hot atmospheric region is 300–420km (5–7°) wide. Hot ring temperature contrasts of about 40K occur at 2km above the surface and decrease to 20K at 5km and to 10K at 10km. The atmospheric circulation over an area of 40°×40° (latitudes and longitudes) is affected by the topography and the presence of Olympus Mons (−133°W,18°N). We discuss also the thermal stability of the atmosphere over the selected area using the potential temperatures. The temperature field over the top of the volcano shows unstable atmosphere within 10km from the surface. Finally, we interpret the hot temperatures around volcano as an adiabatic compression of down-welling branch coming from over the top of volcano. Different air temperature profiles are observed in the same seasons during the night, or in different seasons. In northern spring–summer during the night the isothermal contours do not show the presence of the volcano until we reach close to the surface very much, where a thermal inversion is observed. The surface temperature shows higher values (by 10K) in correspondence of the scarp (an abrupt altimetry variation of roughly 5km) on south (6°N) and north (30°N) sides of volcano. During the southern spring–summer, on the contrary the isothermal curves run parallel to the surface even on top the volcano, just like the GCM have predicted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2010
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298. Venus express: Highlights of the nominal mission.

Author

Titov, D., Svedhem, H., Taylor, F., Barabash, S., Bertaux, J., Drossart, P., Formisano, V., Häusler, B., Korablev, O., Markiewicz, W., Nevejans, D., Pätzold, M., Piccioni, G., Sauvaud, J., Zhang, T., Witasse, O., Gerard, J., Fedorov, A., Sanchez-Lavega, A., and Helbert, J.

Subjects
EXPLORATION of Venus, SPACE flight to Venus, EUROPEAN Christian missions, SPACE vehicles, ASTRONAUTICS
Abstract

Venus Express is the first European (ESA) mission to the planet Venus. Its main science goal is to carry out a global survey of the atmosphere, the plasma environment, and the surface of Venus from orbit. The payload consists of seven experiments. It includes a powerful suite of remote sensing imagers and spectrometers, instruments for in-situ investigation of the circumplanetary plasma and magnetic field, and a radio science experiment. The spacecraft, based on the Mars Express bus modified for the conditions at Venus, provides a versatile platform for nadir and limb observations as well as solar, stellar, and radio occultations. In April 2006 Venus Express was inserted in an elliptical polar orbit around Venus, with a pericentre height of ∼250 km and apocentre distance of ∼66000 km and an orbital period of 24 hours. The nominal mission lasted from June 4, 2006 till October 2, 2007, which corresponds to about two Venus sidereal days. Here we present an overview of the main results of the nominal mission, based on a set of papers recently published in Nature, Icarus, Planetary and Space Science, and Geophysical Research Letters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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299. Methane in Martian atmosphere: Average spatial, diurnal, and seasonal behaviour

Author

Geminale, A., Formisano, V., and Giuranna, M.

Subjects
*MARTIAN atmosphere, *SPECTROMETERS, *METHANE, *MARS (Planet)
Abstract

Abstract: A large number of spectra measured by the planetary Fourier spectrometer aboard the European Mars Express mission have been studied to identify the average properties of methane in the Martian atmosphere. Using the line at 3018cm−1, we have studied the seasonal, diurnal, and spatial variations of methane through the analysis of large averages of spectra (more than 1000 measurements). Methane mixing ratio has been obtained simultaneously with water vapour mixing ratio and water ice content, by best fitting (minimising the χ 2) the computed averages with synthetic spectra. These spectra were computed for different values of the three parameters (methane and water vapour mixing ratio, and water ice optical depth). The methane mixing ratio shows a slow decrease from northern spring to southern summer with an average value of 14±5ppbv (part per billion by volume) and it does not show a particular trend with latitude. The methane mixing ratio seems not to be uniform in longitude in the Martian atmosphere, as already reported by Formisano et al. [2004. Detection of methane in the atmosphere of Mars. Science 306, 1758–1761]. Two maxima are present at −40°E and +70°E longitude. In local time, the methane mixing ratio seems to follow the water vapour diurnal cycle. The most important point for future understanding is, however, that there are special orbits in which methane mixing ratio has a very high value. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2008
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300. The martian atmosphere in the region of Hellas basin as observed by the planetary Fourier spectrometer (PFS-MEX)

Author

Grassi, D., Formisano, V., Forget, F., Fiorenza, C., Ignatiev, N.I., Maturilli, A., and Zasova, L.V.

Subjects
*FOURIER analysis, *ATMOSPHERE, *DUST storms, *TEMPERATURE
Abstract

Abstract: This work presents a review of the observations acquired by the planetary Fourier spectrometer (PFS) in the region of the Hellas basin. Taking advantage of the high spectral resolution of PFS, the vertical air temperature profile can be investigated with a previously unexperienced vertical resolution. Extensive comparisons with the expectations of EMCD 4.0 database highlight moderate discrepancies, strongly dependant on season. Namely, the morning observations acquired around L s=45° show a series of temperature deficiencies with recurrent spatial patterns in different observations, correlated with the topography profile. Trends of integrated dust loads as a function of the field of view (FOV) elevation are also described. Values are consistent with the retrieval hypothesis of a dust scale height equal to the gas one, even far from the season of main dust storms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2007
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