558 results on '"Ferraris S"'
Search Results
252. Time-lapse surface-to-surface GPR measurements to monitor a controlled infiltration experiment.
- Author
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Cassiani, G., Giustiniani, M., Ferraris, S., Deiana, R., and Strobbia, C.
- Subjects
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SOIL moisture , *SOIL science , *FLOODS , *WATER , *TIME-domain reflectometry , *QUALITATIVE research - Abstract
The knowledge of moisture content changes in shallow soil layers has important environmental implications and is fundamental in fields of application such as soil science. In fact, the exchange of energy and water with the atmosphere, the mechanisms of flood generation as well as the infiltration of water and contaminant into the subsurface are primarily controlled by the presence of water in the pores of shallow soils. At the same time, the estimation of moisture content in the shallow subsurface is a difficult task. Direct measurements of water content require the recovery of soil samples for laboratory analyses: sampling is invasive and often destructive. In addition, these data are generally insufficient to yield a good spatial coverage for basin-scale investigations. In-situ assessment of soil-moisture contents, possibly at the scale of interest for distributed catchment-scale models, is therefore necessary. The goal of this paper is to assess the information contained in surface-to-surface GPR surveys for moisture content estimation under dynamic conditions. GPR data are compared against and integrated with TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) data. TDR and surface-to-surface GPR data act at different spatial scales and two different frequency ranges. TDR, in particular, is widely used to estimate soil water content, e.g. converting bulk dielectric constant into volumetric water content values. GPR used in surface-to-surface configuration has been used increasingly to quickly image soil moisture content over large areas. Direct GPR wave velocity is measured in the ground. However, in the presence of shallow and thin low-velocity soil layers, such as the one generated by an infiltrating water front, dispersive, guided GPR waves are generated and the direct ground wave is not identifiable as a simple arrival. Under such conditions, the dispersion relation of guided waves can be estimated from field data and then inverted to obtain the properties of the guiding layers. In this paper, we analyze the GPR and TDR data collected at an experimental site of the University of Turin, during a controlled infiltration experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
253. Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective
- Author
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Alena Gonzalez Bevacqua, Murugesu Sivapalan, Rui Tong, Ruud van der Ent, Holger Lange, Krzysztof Kochanek, Kate Heal, Moussa Sidibe, Ida Westerberg, Scott T. Allen, Pablo Borges de Amorim, Eric Lindquist, Georgia Destouni, Maria-Helena Ramos, Bruce Misstear, Andrew J. Wade, Keith Beven, Luca Brocca, Mike Kirkby, Sina Khatami, David K. Kreamer, Pieter R. van Oel, Zahra Kalantari, Shreedhar Maskey, Sergiy Vorogushyn, Shamshagul Mashtayeva, James W. Kirchner, Andis Kalvans, Hubert H. G. Savenije, Sebastian H. Mernild, Gerrit H. de Rooij, Santosh K. Aryal, Ennio Ferrari, Julien Malard, Alberto Montanari, Ladislav Holko, Sonu Khanal, Silvia Kohnová, Camyla Innocente, Mel Sandells, Josie Geris, Tom Gleeson, Felipe P. J. de Barros, Ben Jarihani, Anne Van Loon, Stefan Krause, Maria Mavrova-Guirguinova, Marlies Barendrecht, María José Polo, Flavia Tauro, Zongxue Xu, B. I. Gartsman, Elena Ridolfi, Charles Perrin, Miriam Glendell, Yuanfang Chen, Ilja van Meerveld, Theresa Blume, Harald Kunstmann, Gemma Carr, Alireza Nabizadeh, Ebru Eris, Christopher J. White, Heidi Kreibich, Hannes Müller-Thomy, Ashish Sharma, Laura Foglia, Josep Mas-Pla, Subhabrata Panda, Shervan Gharari, Renzo Rosso, J. E. Reynolds, Stefano Ferraris, Saket Pande, Markus Hrachowitz, Laurent Pfister, David E. Robertson, Thomas Skaugen, Roy C. Sidle, Rafael Pimentel, Ross Woods, Alena Bartosova, Erkan Istanbulluoglu, Grant Ferguson, Anam Amin, Chris Hopkinson, Korbinian Breinl, David A. Post, Mathew Herrnegger, Aldo Fiori, Ingelin Steinsland, Dawei Han, Lina Stein, Alberto Viglione, Akhilendra Bhushan Gupta, Bakhram Nurtaev, Maurizio Mazzoleni, Charles H. Luce, Martine van der Ploeg, Ronald van Nooijen, Jean-Philippe Vidal, Tirthankar Roy, Borbála Széles, Jens Kiesel, Cristina Prieto Sierra, Junguo Liu, Hafzullah Aksoy, Andreas Schumann, Pierluigi Claps, Berit Arheimer, Georgia Papacharalampous, Wouter Buytaert, Keirnan Fowler, Ulrich Strasser, David C. Finger, Elena Volpi, Matthew R. Hipsey, Paula Cunha David, Margarida L. R. Liberato, Alexander Gelfan, Barry Croke, V.O. Odongo, David M. Hannah, Günter Blöschl, Hristos Tyralis, Olga Makarieva, Nataliia Nesterova, Bettina Schaefli, Kamshat Tussupova, Guillaume Thirel, Kay Helfricht, Timothy E. Link, Earl Bardsley, Wouter J. M. Knoben, Vazken Andréassian, Ján Szolgay, Mojtaba Shafiei, Jose Luis Salinas, Jan Seibert, Benjamin Fersch, Doris Duethmann, Azhar Inam, Yongqiang Zhang, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Simon Gascoin, Hugh Smith, Martyn P. Clark, Xiaohong Chen, Maik Renner, Tissa H. Illangasekare, Remko Uijlenhoet, Victor R. Baker, Ravindra Dwivedi, Eric Servat, Christophe Cudennec, Jeffrey J. McDonnell, Sabine M. Spiessl, Yangbo Chen, Thom Bogaard, Wouter R. Berghuijs, María P. González-Dugo, Gilles Boulet, Fernando Nardi, Eric Gaume, Jana von Freyberg, Gil Mahé, Peter Chifflard, Mitja Brilly, William H. Farmer, Monica Riva, James Feiccabrino, Claire Lupton, Anna Scolobig, João H.M. Sá, Przemysław Wachniew, Daniel P. Loucks, Jessica M. Driscoll, Bob Su, Elena Toth, Okke Batelaan, Eric F. Wood, Annette Dathe, David G. Tarboton, Attilio Castellarin, Alla Kolechkina, Björn Guse, Christopher M. U. Neale, Salvatore Grimaldi, Zhonghe Pang, Fuqiang Tian, Marc F. P. Bierkens, Christine Stumpp, Philip J. Ward, Stefan Haun, António Chambel, Riccardo Rigon, Andrea Castelletti, Michael E. Böttcher, Rens van Beek, Gianfausto Salvadori, Adrian A. Harpold, Adrian L. Collins, Hana Hlaváčiková, Clara Hohmann, Koray K. Yilmaz, Technical University of Vienna [Vienna] (TU WIEN), Utrecht University [Utrecht], University of Évora [Portugal], Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Stockholm University, Roma Tre University, Institut Fédéral de Recherches sur la Forêt, la Neige et le Paysage (WSL), Institut Fédéral de Recherches [Suisse], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Urbana], University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Department of Civil Chemical Environmental and Materials Engineering [Bologna] (DICAM), University of Bologna, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Politecnico di Torino [Torino] (Polito), Istanbul Technical University, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TeSAF), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Hydrosystèmes continentaux anthropisés : ressources, risques, restauration (UR HYCAR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Water Resources Section, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imperial College London, Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Hohai University, Research Applications Laboratory [Boulder] (RAL), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Department of Earth Sciences [ Uppsala], Uppsala University, University of Reykjavik [Islande], Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Géotechnique, Eau et Risques (IFSTTAR/GER), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Water Problems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), The James Hutton Institute, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Birmingham], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Center for Experimental Study of Subsurface Environmental Processes (CESEP), Colorado School of Mines, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Hydrology Section, German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), South University of Science and Technology of China, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU)-Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Water Science and Engineering, Institute for Water Education (UNESCO–IHE), Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences (IACT), Spanish National Research Council [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Dipartimento di Ingegneria Idraulica, Ambientale, Infrastrutture Viarie, Rilevamento, ICT Institute of Politecnico di Milano, University of Edinburgh, Boise State University, Coventry University, University of the Sunshine Coast (USC), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University (USU), Department of Hydraulic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University [Beijing], Wagenigen University, Utrecht Centre for Geosciences, Météo-France [Paris], Météo France, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, Princeton University, Ege Üniversitesi, Water and Climate Risk, Bloschl G., Bierkens M.F.P., Chambel A., Cudennec C., Destouni G., Fiori A., Kirchner J.W., McDonnell J.J., Savenije H.H.G., Sivapalan M., Stumpp C., Toth E., Volpi E., Carr G., Lupton C., Salinas J., Szeles B., Viglione A., Aksoy H., Allen S.T., Amin A., Andreassian V., Arheimer B., Aryal S.K., Baker V., Bardsley E., Barendrecht M.H., Bartosova A., Batelaan O., Berghuijs W.R., Beven K., Blume T., Bogaard T., Borges de Amorim P., Bottcher M.E., Boulet G., Breinl K., Brilly M., Brocca L., Buytaert W., Castellarin A., Castelletti A., Chen X., Chen Y., Chifflard P., Claps P., Clark M.P., Collins A.L., Croke B., Dathe A., David P.C., de Barros F.P.J., de Rooij G., Di Baldassarre G., Driscoll J.M., Duethmann D., Dwivedi R., Eris E., Farmer W.H., Feiccabrino J., Ferguson G., Ferrari E., Ferraris S., Fersch B., Finger D., Foglia L., Fowler K., Gartsman B., Gascoin S., Gaume E., Gelfan A., Geris J., Gharari S., Gleeson T., Glendell M., Gonzalez Bevacqua A., Gonzalez-Dugo M.P., Grimaldi S., Gupta A.B., Guse B., Han D., Hannah D., Harpold A., Haun S., Heal K., Helfricht K., Herrnegger M., Hipsey M., Hlavacikova H., Hohmann C., Holko L., Hopkinson C., Hrachowitz M., Illangasekare T.H., Inam A., Innocente C., Istanbulluoglu E., Jarihani B., Kalantari Z., Kalvans A., Khanal S., Khatami S., Kiesel J., Kirkby M., Knoben W., Kochanek K., Kohnova S., Kolechkina A., Krause S., Kreamer D., Kreibich H., Kunstmann H., Lange H., Liberato M.L.R., Lindquist E., Link T., Liu J., Loucks D.P., Luce C., Mahe G., Makarieva O., Malard J., Mashtayeva S., Maskey S., Mas-Pla J., Mavrova-Guirguinova M., Mazzoleni M., Mernild S., Misstear B.D., Montanari A., Muller-Thomy H., Nabizadeh A., Nardi F., Neale C., Nesterova N., Nurtaev B., Odongo V.O., Panda S., Pande S., Pang Z., Papacharalampous G., Perrin C., Pfister L., Pimentel R., Polo M.J., Post D., Prieto Sierra C., Ramos M.-H., Renner M., Reynolds J.E., Ridolfi E., Rigon R., Riva M., Robertson D.E., Rosso R., Roy T., Sa J.H.M., Salvadori G., Sandells M., Schaefli B., Schumann A., Scolobig A., Seibert J., Servat E., Shafiei M., Sharma A., Sidibe M., Sidle R.C., Skaugen T., Smith H., Spiessl S.M., Stein L., Steinsland I., Strasser U., Su B., Szolgay J., Tarboton D., Tauro F., Thirel G., Tian F., Tong R., Tussupova K., Tyralis H., Uijlenhoet R., van Beek R., van der Ent R.J., van der Ploeg M., Van Loon A.F., van Meerveld I., van Nooijen R., van Oel P.R., Vidal J.-P., von Freyberg J., Vorogushyn S., Wachniew P., Wade A.J., Ward P., Westerberg I.K., White C., Wood E.F., Woods R., Xu Z., Yilmaz K.K., Zhang Y., Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Istanbul Technical University (ITÜ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Department of Earth Sciences [Uppsala], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Southern University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTech), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Austrian Science Fund (FWF) : DK W1219-N28, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi Roma Tre = Roma Tre University (ROMA TRE), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), University of Pennsylvania, Météo-France, Castellarin, A, Tækni- og verkfræðideild (HR), School of Science and Engineering (RU), Háskólinn í Reykjavík, Reykjavik University, Department of Water Resources, UT-I-ITC-WCC, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Bloschl, G., Bierkens, M. F. P., Chambel, A., Cudennec, C., Destouni, G., Fiori, A., Kirchner, J. W., Mcdonnell, J. J., Savenije, H. H. G., Sivapalan, M., Stumpp, C., Toth, E., Volpi, E., Carr, G., Lupton, C., Salinas, J., Szeles, B., Viglione, A., Aksoy, H., Allen, S. T., Amin, A., Andreassian, V., Arheimer, B., Aryal, S. K., Baker, V., Bardsley, E., Barendrecht, M. H., Bartosova, A., Batelaan, O., Berghuijs, W. R., Beven, K., Blume, T., Bogaard, T., Borges de Amorim, P., Bottcher, M. E., Boulet, G., Breinl, K., Brilly, M., Brocca, L., Buytaert, W., Castellarin, A., Castelletti, A., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Chifflard, P., Claps, P., Clark, M. P., Collins, A. L., Croke, B., Dathe, A., David, P. C., de Barros, F. P. J., de Rooij, G., Di Baldassarre, G., Driscoll, J. M., Duethmann, D., Dwivedi, R., Eris, E., Farmer, W. H., Feiccabrino, J., Ferguson, G., Ferrari, E., Ferraris, S., Fersch, B., Finger, D., Foglia, L., Fowler, K., Gartsman, B., Gascoin, S., Gaume, E., Gelfan, A., Geris, J., Gharari, S., Gleeson, T., Glendell, M., Gonzalez Bevacqua, A., Gonzalez-Dugo, M. P., Grimaldi, S., Gupta, A. B., Guse, B., Han, D., Hannah, D., Harpold, A., Haun, S., Heal, K., Helfricht, K., Herrnegger, M., Hipsey, M., Hlavacikova, H., Hohmann, C., Holko, L., Hopkinson, C., Hrachowitz, M., Illangasekare, T. H., Inam, A., Innocente, C., Istanbulluoglu, E., Jarihani, B., Kalantari, Z., Kalvans, A., Khanal, S., Khatami, S., Kiesel, J., Kirkby, M., Knoben, W., Kochanek, K., Kohnova, S., Kolechkina, A., Krause, S., Kreamer, D., Kreibich, H., Kunstmann, H., Lange, H., Liberato, M. L. R., Lindquist, E., Link, T., Liu, J., Loucks, D. P., Luce, C., Mahe, G., Makarieva, O., Malard, J., Mashtayeva, S., Maskey, S., Mas-Pla, J., Mavrova-Guirguinova, M., Mazzoleni, M., Mernild, S., Misstear, B. D., Montanari, A., Muller-Thomy, H., Nabizadeh, A., Nardi, F., Neale, C., Nesterova, N., Nurtaev, B., Odongo, V. O., Panda, S., Pande, S., Pang, Z., Papacharalampous, G., Perrin, C., Pfister, L., Pimentel, R., Polo, M. J., Post, D., Prieto Sierra, C., Ramos, M. -H., Renner, M., Reynolds, J. E., Ridolfi, E., Rigon, R., Riva, M., Robertson, D. E., Rosso, R., Roy, T., Sa, J. H. M., Salvadori, G., Sandells, M., Schaefli, B., Schumann, A., Scolobig, A., Seibert, J., Servat, E., Shafiei, M., Sharma, A., Sidibe, M., Sidle, R. C., Skaugen, T., Smith, H., Spiessl, S. M., Stein, L., Steinsland, I., Strasser, U., Su, B., Szolgay, J., Tarboton, D., Tauro, F., Thirel, G., Tian, F., Tong, R., Tussupova, K., Tyralis, H., Uijlenhoet, R., van Beek, R., van der Ent, R. J., van der Ploeg, M., Van Loon, A. F., van Meerveld, I., van Nooijen, R., van Oel, P. R., Vidal, J. -P., von Freyberg, J., Vorogushyn, S., Wachniew, P., Wade, A. J., Ward, P., Westerberg, I. K., White, C., Wood, E. F., Woods, R., Xu, Z., Yilmaz, K. K., Zhang, Y., Hydrologie, and Landscape functioning, Geocomputation and Hydrology
- Subjects
hydrology, science questions, research agenda, interdisciplinary, knowledge gaps ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,UT-Hybrid-D ,WASS ,hydrology ,02 engineering and technology ,Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser ,Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management ,Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources ,QE ,Þekking ,910 Geography & travel ,VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Hydrologi: 454 ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,media_common ,Water Science and Technology ,knowledge gap ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900 ,Hydroglogy ,6. Clean water ,Justice and Strong Institutions ,TA ,Spite ,science questions ,Discipline ,Hydrologie en Kwantitatief Waterbeheer ,research agenda ,knowledge gaps ,interdisciplinary ,SDG 16 - Peace ,Process (engineering) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Hidrologia ,Vatnafræði ,Context (language use) ,Digital media ,ITC-HYBRID ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,Hydrology ,WIMEK ,business.industry ,SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions ,Public consultation ,Rannsóknir ,500 Science ,Bodemfysica en Landbeheer ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,Water Resources Management ,020801 environmental engineering ,Soil Physics and Land Management ,Socio-hydrology ,ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE ,Aðferðafræði ,business ,Diversity (politics) - Abstract
Publisher's version (útgefin grein), This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come., We would like to thank the members of the IAHS, EGU, AGU and IAH for supporting this initiative. The LinkedIn group and overall secretariat was hosted by the IAHS, the Splinter meeting by EGU and the Vienna Catchment Science Symposium by the Vienna Doctoral Programme on Water Resource Systems (DK W1219-N28) funded by the Austrian Science Funds (FWF)., "Peer Reviewed"
- Published
- 2019
254. Surface functionalization of Ti6Al4V with an extract of polyphenols from red grape pomace.
- Author
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Riccucci, G., Cazzola, M., Ferraris, S., Gobbo, V.A., Guaita, M., and Spriano, S.
- Subjects
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POLYPHENOLS , *PLANT polyphenols , *RADICALS (Chemistry) , *CALCIUM ions , *METALLIC surfaces , *GRAPES , *PHENOLIC acids , *CONTINUOUS distributions - Abstract
[Display omitted] • Chemically treated Ti6Al4V can be surface functionalized with polyphenols from red grape pomace. • The grafting link is between deprotonated OH surface groups and Ca2+ ions forming a complex with the polyphenols. • The grafted polyphenols have redox chemical and radical scavenging ability on the metallic surface. • The polyphenols are released in aqueous media. • The functionalized surfaces can be sterilized by gamma irradiation. The focus of the paper is on effectiveness of a functionalization process with natural polyphenols on a chemically treated and bioactive Ti6Al4V alloy, on the grafting mechanism, and the redox/scavenging activity of the grafted biomolecules. Polyphenols (phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins) are extracted from organic red grape pomace. The functionalization process is performed at pH = 7.4 with the addition of calcium ions, which act as a bridge between the substrate and polyphenols. The presence, amount (semi-quantitative), distribution, release, and type of bonding to the surface of the grafted polyphenols have been assessed. The functionalized samples have a homogeneous distribution of polyphenols as a continuous layer and micro-sized agglomerates. The grafted polyphenols maintain redox chemical and radical scavenging ability. A fraction of polyphenols is released into water in one day, while a firmly grafted layer remains on the surface even after four weeks. A complete release can occur in case of an environment with pH of 4–5 (e.g. inflammation). The functionalized surfaces can be sterilized by gamma irradiation without significant damage of the grafted polyphenols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
255. Coating of bioactive glasses with chitosan: The effects of the glass composition and coating method on the surface properties, including preliminary in vitro results.
- Author
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Spriano, S., Riccucci, G., Örlygsson, G., Ng, C.H., Vernè, E., Sehn, F.P., de Oliveira, P.T., and Ferraris, S.
- Subjects
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GLASS coatings , *CHITOSAN , *BIOACTIVE glasses , *PROTECTIVE coatings , *SURFACE properties , *CONTACT angle - Abstract
Two bioactive glasses were coated with chitosan: SCNB belongs to the SiO 2 -CaO-Na 2 O system, and SCNA has the addition of Al 2 O 3 to enhance chemical stability. Different coating methods were compared: direct physical attachment, surface activation through tresyl chloride, and polydopamine as a linker. The samples were characterized through SEM-EDS, contact angle measurements, FTIR, zeta potential titrations, tape tests, in vitro precipitation of hydroxylapatite (bioactivity), and cell cultures (RAW 264.7 and UMR-106) on some selected samples. Direct physical attachment (in acetic acid) or use of polydopamine allowed complete surface coverage, while it dropped to one-quarter on both glasses by using tresyl chloride. The coating had a contact angle of about 80° and it well showed typical functional groups (FTIR). The coatings on SCNA were chemically and mechanically stable (classified as 4-5B by the tape tests, partially maintained after soaking for 14 days), and showed an isoelectric point around 8. On SCNB, the coatings were unstable (classified as 0-3B, dissolved during soaking) but bioactivity was preserved. The coating affected the biological outcome of SCNA with M0/M1 polarization (1 day) and reduced viability of macrophages (3 days), while osteoblastic cells showed poor adhesion but maintained cell viability and osteogenic potential (3–7 days). [Display omitted] • Bioactive glasses could be coated with chitosan. • Direct physical attachment or use of polydopamine allowed complete surface coverage. • A chemically stable bioactive glass allowed stable coating. • A coated reactive bioactive glass was still bioactive but the coating was unstable. • The coating affected the macrophages' and osteoblasts' response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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256. Modelling the Frequency of Interarrival Times and Rainfall Depths with the Poisson Hurwitz-Lerch Zeta Distribution
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Carmelo Agnese, Giorgio Baiamonte, Elvira Di Nardo, Stefano Ferraris, Tommaso Martini, Agnese, C, Baiamonte, G, Di Nardo, E, Ferraris, S, and Martini, T
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Statistics and Probability ,Hurwitz-Lerch Zeta distribution ,log-concavity ,compound poisson distribution ,one inflated model ,moment ,simulated annealing ,Hurwitz-Lerch zeta distribution ,Settore AGR/08 - Idraulica Agraria E Sistemazioni Idraulico-Forestali ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics ,Analysis - Abstract
The Poisson-stopped sum of the Hurwitz–Lerch zeta distribution is proposed as a model for interarrival times and rainfall depths. Theoretical properties and characterizations are investigated in comparison with other two models implemented to perform the same task: the Hurwitz–Lerch zeta distribution and the one inflated Hurwitz–Lerch zeta distribution. Within this framework, the capability of these three distributions to fit the main statistical features of rainfall time series was tested on a dataset never previously considered in the literature and chosen in order to represent very different climates from the rainfall characteristics point of view. The results address the Hurwitz–Lerch zeta distribution as a natural framework in rainfall modelling using the additional random convolution induced by the Poisson-stopped model as a further refinement. Indeed the Poisson contribution allows more flexibility and depiction in reproducing statistical features, even in the presence of very different climates.
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- 2022
257. Bioactive glasses functionalized with polyphenols: in vitro interactions with healthy and cancerous osteoblast cells.
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Cazzola, M., Vernè, E., Cochis, A., Sorrentino, R., Azzimonti, B., Prenesti, E., Rimondini, L., and Ferraris, S.
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BIOACTIVE glasses , *POLYPHENOLS , *OSTEOBLASTS , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *REACTIVE nitrogen species - Abstract
Bioactive glasses are widely studied as biomaterials for bone contact applications. In this research work, the opportunity to modify the surface of a bioactive glass with polyphenols (gallic acid, and natural polyphenols extracted from red grape skin and green tea leaves) has been investigated in order to induce a selective anti-tumor activity in vitro. The presence of surface grafted molecules has been optically proved by fluorescence microscopy exploiting their auto-fluorescence. Direct and indirect cytotoxicity assays have been performed with human bone osteosarcoma cells (U2OS) and human fetal pre-osteoblasts (hFOB), as well as the quantification of oxygen and nitrogen reactive species (RONS) engendered from cells in response to the materials. Finally, the DNA damage of U2OS cells upon contact with the bioactive glass has been evaluated in order to verify any selective cytotoxic activity of functionalized materials against cancer cells. Results showed a selective cytotoxic activity of functionalized bioactive glasses toward osteosarcoma cells that was particularly evident when cells were cultivated directly onto glasses surface. Moreover, the presence of grafted polyphenols increased the RONS production and induced a permanent DNA damage on the U2SOS cells while they promote a certain anti-inflammatory action toward hFOB. These preliminary results suggest polyphenols grafted bioactive glasses as promising material for bone substitution in cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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258. How do wettability, zeta potential and hydroxylation degree affect the biological response of biomaterials?
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Spriano, S., Sarath Chandra, V., Cochis, A., Uberti, F., Rimondini, L., Bertone, E., Vitale, A., Scolaro, C., Ferrari, M., Cirisano, F., Gautier di Confiengo, G., and Ferraris, S.
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WETTING , *ZETA potential , *HYDROXYLATION , *IMMUNOMODULATORS , *BIOMATERIALS , *ELECTROKINETICS - Abstract
It is well known that composition, electric charge, wettability and roughness of implant surfaces have great influence on their interaction with the biological fluids and tissues, but systematic studies of different materials in the same experimental conditions are still lacking in the scientific literature. The aim of this research is to investigate the correlations between some surface characteristics (wettability, zeta potential and hydroxylation degree) and the biological response (protein adsorption, blood wettability, cell and bacterial adhesion) to some model biomaterials. The resulting knowledge can be applied for the development of future innovative surfaces for implantable biomaterials. Roughness was not considered as a variable because it is a widely explored feature: smooth surfaces prepared by a controlled protocol were compared in order to have no roughness effects. Three oxides (ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 ), three metals (316LSS steel, Ti, Nb) and two polymers (corona treated polystyrene for cell culture and untreated polystyrene for bacteria culture), widely used for biomedical applications, were considered. The surfaces were characterized by contact profilometry, SEM-EDS, XPS, FTIR, zeta potential and wettability with different fluids. Protein adsorption, blood wettability, bacterial and cell adhesion were evaluated in order to investigate the correlations between the surface physiochemical properties and biological responses. From a methodological standpoint, XPS and electrokinetic measurements emerged as the more suitable techniques respectively for the evaluation of hydroxylation degree and surface charge/isoelectric point. Moreover, determination of wettability by blood appeared a specific and crucial test, the results of which are not easily predictable by using other type of tests. Hydroxylation degree resulted correlated to the wettability by water, but not directly to surface charge. Wetting tests with different media showed the possibility to highlight some differences among look-alike materials. A dependence of protein absorption on hydroxylation degree, charge and wettability was evidenced and its maximum was registered for surfaces with low wettability in both water based and protein containing media and a moderate surface charge. As far as bacterial adhesion is concerned, no effect of surface charge or protein adsorption was evidenced, while the presence of a high acid component of the surface energy appeared significant. Finally, the combination of hydroxylation degree, wettability, surface charge and energy (polar component) emerged as a key parameter for cell adhesion and viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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259. Assessing Tn5 and Sleeping Beauty for transpositional transgenesis by cytoplasmic injection into bovine and ovine zygotes.
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Bevacqua, R. J., Fernandez-Martin, R., Canel, N. G., Gibbons, A., Texeira, D., Lange, F., Vans Landschoot, G., Savy, V., Briski, O., Hiriart, M. I., Grueso, E., Ivics, Z., Taboga, O., Kues, W. A., Ferraris, S., and Salamone, D. F.
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BIOPHARMACEUTICS , *TRANSGENIC animals , *BIOREACTORS , *ZYGOTES , *TRANSPOSONS , *GENE expression - Abstract
Transgenic domestic animals represent an alternative to bioreactors for large-scale production of biopharmaceuticals and could also provide more accurate biomedical models than rodents. However, their generation remains inefficient. Recently, DNA transposons allowed improved transgenesis efficiencies in mice and pigs. In this work, Tn5 and Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon systems were evaluated for transgenesis by simple cytoplasmic injection in livestock zygotes. In the case of Tn5, the transposome complex of transposon nucleic acid and Tn5 protein was injected. In the case of SB, the supercoiled plasmids encoding a transposon and the SB transposase were co-injected. In vitro produced bovine zygotes were used to establish the cytoplasmic injection conditions. The in vitro cultured blastocysts were evaluated for reporter gene expression and genotyped. Subsequently, both transposon systems were injected in seasonally available ovine zygotes, employing transposons carrying the recombinant human factor IX driven by the beta-lactoglobulin promoter. The Tn5 approach did not result in transgenic lambs. In contrast, the Sleeping Beauty injection resulted in 2 lambs (29%) carrying the transgene. Both animals exhibited cellular mosaicism of the transgene. The extraembryonic tissues (placenta or umbilical cord) of three additional animals were also transgenic. These results show that transpositional transgenesis by cytoplasmic injection of SB transposon components can be applied for the production of transgenic lambs of pharmaceutical interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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260. The use of vitamin E as an anti-adhesive coating for cells and bacteria for temporary bone implants.
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Gamna, F., Cochis, A., Scalia, A.C., Vitale, A., Ferraris, S., Rimondini, L., and Spriano, S.
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VITAMIN E , *BACTERIAL adhesion , *HUMAN stem cells , *MESENCHYMAL stem cells , *SURFACE coatings , *CONTACT angle , *ACETABULARIA - Abstract
In recent years, vitamin E (or more specifically alpha tocopherol) has been widely discussed in the literature due to its strong anti-oxidant, -inflammatory, -cancer, and -bacterial properties and successfully applied in hip and knee arthroplasty to confer oxidation resistance to irradiated ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). In this study, vitamin E has been used, characterized, and in vitro tested as a coating on a chemically treated titanium alloy. The target final application is in temporary trauma fixation devices. The results of the physico-chemical characterization from FTIR-ATR and reflectance spectroscopy, z-potential titration curves, contact angle measurements, and tape test revealed a continuous coating, with hydrophobic behaviour, low surface energy (39 mN/m), and high adhesion to the substrate. Interestingly, the biological characterization revealed a strong anti-adhesion ability of the vitamin E coating as >90 % of the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) seeded directly onto specimens' surface failed to attach, resulting nevertheless viable as demonstrated by the live/dead assay. Similarly, when vitamin E coated specimens were infected by the pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli , a strong antifouling effect was observed as the colony forming units (CFU) count showed that >95 % bacteria were viable, but unable to adhere and colonize the Ti specimens (>2 logs reduction in comparison to controls). This work highlights a novel promising application of this biomolecule as a coating preventing unintended osseointegration on removable temporary devices, as well as preventing the adhesion of bacterial pathogens thus reducing the risk of implant-associated infections. • Vitamin E is a natural molecule with great antioxidant properties • Vitamin E turns out to be a molecule that enables a coating with good physical/chemical properties on Ti6Al4V. • The coating obtained results to be anti-adhesive for cells, finding new applications for temporary implants to prevent unintended osseointegration. • The coating results to be anti-adhesive for bacteria reducing the risk of implant-associated infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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261. A calibration free radiation driven model for estimating actual evapotranspiration of mountain grasslands (CLIME-MG).
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Gisolo, D., Previati, M., Bevilacqua, I., Canone, D., Boetti, M., Dematteis, N., Balocco, J., Ferrari, S., Gentile, A., N'sassila, M., Heery, B., Vereecken, H., and Ferraris, S.
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GRASSLAND soils , *AUTOMATIC meteorological stations , *GRASSLANDS , *LAND cover , *ALPINE regions , *METEOROLOGICAL stations , *DIGITAL elevation models - Abstract
• Alpine regions suffer from a limited quantity of AET data, despite it is a climate change hotspot. • A calibration free soil water model for mapping AET from easy-to-find inputs is presented. • The model was validated temporally with daily data from two eddy covariance stations at 1730 m and 2555 m a.s.l. • The spatial results were compared with Landsat derived results using the SPAEF index. • Both altitude and distance from the meteorological stations didn't influence the quality of model results. Ecosystems in the Alps are considered hotspots of climate and land use change. In addition, alpine regions are usually characterized by complex morphologies, which make measurement (especially in the long term) of states and fluxes of water, energy and matter particularly challenging. Therefore, there is a limited availability of information and modelling tools to characterize actual ecosystem conditions, and to simulate future scenarios. Despite the fact that in high altitude areas meteorological forcing is extremely variable in space and time, much of the variability of actual evapotranspiration (AET) in the above-mentioned regions is largely related to land surface properties such as aspect, shadowing and slope. Therefore, a simple, radiation driven, calibration free, bucket hydrological model for predicting AET and estimating the soil–water balance is proposed here (i.e. CLIME-MG). Conventional meteorological data from a network of automatic weather stations together with a 10 m digital terrain model (aggregated at 30 m), and a land cover map are used to inform the model. All the parameters and values required are obtained or calculated from data provided in literature. CLIME-MG has proved to perform well for AET modelling of mountain grassland. The model is validated both temporally and spatially. Temporal validation of AET is performed using eddy-covariance datasets from two different high mountain sites: a sunny and steep abandoned pasture facing S-E at an altitude of 1730 m, and a meadow with a S-SE aspect located at an altitude of 2555 m. Spatial validation is performed by comparing CLIME-MG simulations with the Landsat-based METRIC model evapotranspiration output. Results show good daily temporal performance, especially in wetter periods with recurring rainfall events. Sensitivity of the correlation coefficient between measured and modeled AET values to some key parameters such as effective porosity, and the vegetation and stress coefficients was found to be quite low. Spatial validation of hourly results shows SPAEF values in the range 0.21–0.34 between the outputs of the two models (with a similar spatial structure ruled by the DTM). Boxplots of deviations between CLIME and METRIC with respect to morphological characteristics has highlighted some dependency on elevation and slope (but not on aspect and soil depth); this suggests an opportunity to refine the modelisation of the grassland AET processes. Finally, spatial results demonstrated the non-sensitivity of the proposed model to local elevation and to the distance from the meteorological stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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262. Field measurements based model for surface irrigation efficiency assessment.
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Canone, D., Previati, M., Bevilacqua, I., Salvai, L., and Ferraris, S.
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IRRIGATION efficiency , *WATER shortages , *WATER management , *PARTICLE size distribution , *SOIL moisture , *HYDRAULIC conductivity , *SOIL infiltration - Abstract
Within scenarios of water scarcity, the irrigation efficiency plays an increasingly strategic role. In this paper, a method that uses an advance-infiltration model based on four field measurements and the soil particle size distribution is proposed to estimate border-irrigation efficiencies. This method was applied to fifteen irrigation events and the application, storage and distribution efficiencies were estimated. The advance-infiltration model was validated against soil moisture measurements. The field-scale saturated hydraulic conductivity was estimated by model fitting to the measured depth of water infiltration. The sensitivity of the modelled irrigation efficiency to the operational surface irrigation parameters was evaluated by simulating seven irrigation scenarios based on field-collected data. The infiltration profiles obtained by the proposed method were in agreement with the soil moisture measurements. The maximum difference between simulated and measured infiltration depth was 0.018 m. The field-scale saturated hydraulic conductivity values were in agreement with the infiltrometer tests results. The analysis of both simulated scenarios and monitored irrigation events highlighted the need for farmers to reduce the flow rates and increase the duration of irrigation events, in order to improve the irrigation efficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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263. The practice of consultation psychiatry in Italy: A multi-centre study.
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Poli, R, Carreca, A, Colmegna, F, Ferraris, S, Gagliardi, E, Tamborini, S, and Toscano, M
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COGNITION disorders treatment , *ANTIPSYCHOTIC agents , *CONSULTATION-liaison psychiatry , *HOSPITAL care - Published
- 2017
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264. Anticancer drugs grafting to a bioactive and ferrimagnetic glass-ceramic.
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Vernè, E., Miola, M., Ferraris, S., Bianchi, C. L., Naldoni, A., Maina, G., and Bretcanu, O.
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MEDICAL research , *DRUG side effects , *CANCER treatment , *DOXORUBICIN , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
The article presents a study that explores the opportunity to conjugate hyperthermic therapy to maximize the effectiveness and reduce side effects in cancer therapy. The study performs drug grafting of two different antineoplastic agents, doxorubicin and cisplatinum, to the material surface. It suggests that cisplatinum release is necessary to perform drug action. It concludes that drug grafting allowed the exploitation of the therapeutic effect.
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- 2010
265. Antibacterial and Bioactive Coatings Based on Radio Frequency Co-Sputtering of Silver Nanocluster-Silica Coatings on PEEK/Bioactive Glass Layers Obtained by Electrophoretic Deposition
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Aldo R. Boccaccini, G. Gautier di Confiengo, Qaisar Nawaz, Sergio Perero, Wolfgang H. Goldmann, Monica Ferraris, Sara Ferraris, Fatih Erdem Bastan, Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman, Rehman, MAU, Ferraris, S, Goldmann, WH, Perero, S, Bastan, FE, Nawaz, Q, di Confiengo, GG, Ferraris, M, Boccaccini, AR, Sakarya Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Metalurji Ve Malzeme Mühendisliği Bölümü, and Baştan, Fatih Erdem
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Silver ,Materials science ,Polymers ,Simulated body fluid ,Materials Science ,Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Polyethylene Glycols ,law.invention ,Nanoclusters ,Benzophenones ,Electrophoretic deposition ,PEEK ,Coated Materials, Biocompatible ,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ,law ,Peek ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,bioactive coatings ,RF sputtering ,antibacterial coatings ,bioactive glass ,Ketones ,Silicon Dioxide ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Nanostructures ,0104 chemical sciences ,electrophoretic deposition ,Chemical engineering ,Bioactive glass ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,Glass ,0210 nano-technology ,Layer (electronics) - Abstract
Bioactive and antibacterial coatings on stainless steel substrates were developed and characterized in this study. Silver nanocluster-silica composite coatings of 60-150 nm thickness were deposited using radio frequency (RF) co-sputtering on PEEK/bioactive glass (BG) layers (of 80-90 ?m thickness) which had been electrophoretically deposited onto stainless steel. Two sputtering conditions were used by varying the deposition time (15 and 40 min); the resulting microstructure, composition, adhesion strength, in vitro bioactivity, and antibacterial activity were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the presence of silver nanoclusters, which were homogeneously embedded in the silica matrix. The isoelectric point of the coatings and their charge at physiological pH were determined by zeta potential measurements. The presence of BG particles in the PEEK/BG layer allows the coatings to form apatite-like crystals upon immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). Moreover, silver nanoclusters embedded in the silica matrix as a top layer provided an antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus carnosus.
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- 2017
266. Uniparental disomy and pretreatment IGF-1 may predict elevated IGF-1 levels in Prader-Willi patients on GH treatment
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Malgorzata Wasniewska, Maria Chiara Pellegrin, Rita Fischetto, Francesca Macchi, Antonella Lonero, Sara Osimani, A. Crinò, Adriana Franzese, Sarah Bocchini, Gilda Cassano, Luana Nosetti, Annamaria Perri, Giuseppa Patti, Maria Rosaria Licenziati, Michele Sacco, Stefano Stagi, Alessandro Salvatoni, G. Trifirò, Rosanna Lia, Simona Filomena Madeo, Irene Rutigliano, Lorenzo Iughetti, Paola Giordano, Danilo Fintini, Gianluca Tornese, Alessio Convertino, Patrizia Matarazzo, Graziano Grugni, S. Ferraris, Emanuela Scarano, Domenico Corica, Valentina Fattorusso, Viviana Valeria Palmieri, Roberta Pajno, L. Ragusa, Maurizio Delvecchio, Palmieri, V. V., Lonero, A., Bocchini, S., Cassano, G., Convertino, A., Corica, D., Crino, A., Fattorusso, V., Ferraris, S., Fintini, D., Franzese, A., Grugni, G., Iughetti, L., Lia, R., Macchi, F., Madeo, S. F., Matarazzo, P., Nosetti, L., Osimani, S., Pajno, R., Patti, G., Pellegrin, M. C., Perri, A., Ragusa, L., Rutigliano, I., Sacco, M., Salvatoni, A., Scarano, E., Stagi, S., Tornese, G., Trifiro, G., Wasniewska, M., Fischetto, R., Giordano, P., Licenziati, M. R., and Delvecchio, M.
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Growth hormone therapy ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Adverse effect ,Gastroenterology ,Growth velocity ,03 medical and health sciences ,Adverse effects ,IGF-1 ,Prader-Willi syndrome ,Uniparental disomy ,Child ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Human Growth Hormone ,Humans ,Infant ,Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ,Prader-Willi Syndrome ,Prognosis ,Uniparental Disomy ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Preschool ,Normal range ,business.industry ,Human growth hormone ,medicine.disease ,Highly sensitive ,030104 developmental biology ,Gh treatment ,business - Abstract
Pediatric patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) can be treated with recombinant human GH (rhGH). These patients are highly sensitive to rhGH and the standard doses suggested by the international guidelines often result in IGF-1 above the normal range. We aimed to evaluate 1 the proper rhGH dose to optimize auxological outcomes and to avoid potential overtreatment, and 2 which patients are more sensitive to rhGH. In this multicenter real-life study, we recruited 215 patients with PWS older than 1 year, on rhGH at least for 6 months, from Italian Centers for PWS care. We collected auxological parameters, rhGH dose, IGF-1 at recruitment and (when available) at start of treatment. The rhGH dose was 4.3 (0.7/8.4) mg/m2/week. At recruitment, IGF-1 was normal in 72.1% and elevated in 27.9% of the patients. In the group of 115 patients with IGF-1 available at start of rhGH, normal pretreatment IGF-1 and uniparental disomy were associated with elevated IGF-1 during the therapy. No difference in height and growth velocity was found between patients treated with the highest and the lowest range dose. The rhGH dose prescribed in Italy seems lower than the recommended one. Normal pretreatment IGF-1 and uniparental disomy are risk factors for elevated IGF-1. The latter seems to be associated with higher sensitivity to GH. In case of these risk factors, we recommend a more accurate titration of the dose to avoid overtreatment and its potential side effects.
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- 2019
267. Anthropometric characteristics of newborns with Prader–Willi syndrome
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Luana Nosetti, Sara Azzolini, Simona Filomena Madeo, Valentina Bonaita, S. Ferraris, Paola Cianci, Alessandro Salvatoni, Silvia Salvatore, Irene Rutigliano, Antonino Crinò, Graziano Grugni, G. Trifirò, Maurizio Delvecchio, Michele Sacco, Roberta Pajno, Lorenzo Iughetti, Alex Moretti, Nella Augusta Greggio, Domenico Corica, Malgorzata Wasniewska, Maria Rosaria Licenziati, Emanuela Scarano, Massimo Agosti, Salvatoni, A, Moretti, A, Grugni, G, Agosti, M, Azzolini, S, Bonaita, V, Cianci, P, Corica, D, Crinò, A, Delvecchio, M, Ferraris, S, Greggio, N, Iughetti, L, Licenziati, M, Madeo, S, Nosetti, L, Pajno, R, Rutigliano, I, Sacco, M, Salvatore, S, Scarano, E, Trifirò, G, and Wasniewska, M
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Male ,congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,Percentile ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Birth weight ,growth ,percentiles ,Gestational Age ,percentile ,Health problems ,newborn ,Prader–Willi ,Genetics ,medicine ,Birth Weight ,Humans ,Genetics (clinical) ,Prader-Willi ,Anthropometric data ,Anthropometry ,Body Height ,Female ,Infant, Newborn ,Linear Models ,Prader-Willi Syndrome ,Obstetrics ,Singleton ,business.industry ,Infant ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Gestational age ,Newborn ,Small gestational age ,business - Abstract
This is a retrospective multicenter nationwide Italian study collecting neonatal anthropometric data of Caucasian subjects with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) born from 1988 to 2018. The aim of the study is to provide percentile charts for weight and length of singletons with PWS born between 36 and 42 gestational weeks. We collected the birth weight and birth length of 252 male and 244 female singleton live born infants with both parents of Italian origin and PWS genetically confirmed. Percentile smoothed curves of birth weight and length for gestational age were built through Cole's lambda, mu, sigma method. The data were compared to normal Italian standards. Newborns with PWS showed a lower mean birth weight, by 1/2 kg, and a shorter mean birth length, by 1 cm, than healthy neonates. Females with a 15q11-13 deletion were shorter than those with maternal uniparental maternal disomy of chromosome 15 (p
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- 2019
268. Mute Azioni
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langella carla, Langella, Carla, and Ferraris S., Vallicelli, A.
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design e psicologia, design per l'emergenza, design della materia - Published
- 2018
269. Memo. Social eating for social inclusion
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Veneziano, Veneziano, Ferraris S., Vallicelli, A. (a cura di), and Veneziano, Rosanna
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- 2018
270. EVA. Design di un sistema innovativo di prodotti e servizi per la stenotipia
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langella carla, Langella, Carla, and Ferraris S., Vallicelli, A.
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stenotipia, ergonomia, design per il lavoro - Published
- 2018
271. Italian pediatric nutrition survey
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Michelangelo Barbaglia, Luigi Marmetucci, Nicoletta Cimadore, Alessandro Monaci, P. Fiore, Sergio Amarri, Elena Brunori, Maddalena Cioni, Carla Russo, Monica Barrani, P. Gandullia, Giovanna Zuin, Giuseppe Parisi, Rita Bellomo Anna, Michele Pinon, Nunzia Miglietti, Francesca Lizzoli, Elisa Mazzoni, Giulia Bardasi, Marisa Zoppo, Giacomo Cagnoli, S. Borodani, L. Forchielli, Monica Tulli, Fina Belli, Michele Salata, Giovanna Verlato, Vittoria Opinto, Roberto Bonaudo, Luisella Angelotti, Giulia Bruni, Elena Uga, Costantino De Giacomo, Antonietta Antonini Monica, Riccardo Guanà, Flavia Urbano, Rosaria Abate, Barbara Santangelo, Chiara Pettinari, Giovanna Fontanella, Patrizia Fusco, L. Lacitignola, Adalberto Brach Del Prever, Gina Ancora, S. Amarri, Laura Lacitignola, Paola Sparano, Marcello Lanari, Stefano Gatti, Francesca Nesi, Valentina De Cosmi, Alessia Frimaire, A Lezo, Francesca Penagini, Carmen Di Scala, Giuseppina Migliore, Roberta Annibali, Grazia Di Leo, Paola Peverelli, Mara Salmaso, Antonella Lezo, Paola Melli, M. Pastore, E. Brunori, Claudia Banzato, M.I. Spagnuolo, Antonella Diamanti, G. Verlato, Angelo Campanozzi, Mariella Pace, Martina Biagioni, Graziano Memmini, Laura Mistura, Sergio Del Vecchio, Annalisa Famiani, Enrico Felici, Germana Casaccia, Graziana Galvagno, Mario Castello, R. Panceri, Paola Accorsi, Martina Fomasi, Francesca Cortinovis, Michela Perrone, Teresa Capriati, Andrea Chiaro, Silvio Ferraris, Nicola Cecchi, Maria Immacolata Spagnuolo, Patrizia Petitti, Cristina Malaventura, Maria Sangerardi, Enrico Gasparrini, Francesco Savino, Luigi Besenzon, Anna Meneghini, Azzurra Guerra, Alessandra Sala, Maria Magistã Anna, Enrico Aidala, Donata Scatã, Gianluigi Palamone, Tiziano Basso, Giuseppe Maggiore, A. Diamanti, Alessandra Mazzocchi, Alessia Morganti, Andreina Stamati Filomena, Paolo Siani, Roberto Panceri, Maria Pastore, Paolo Gandullia, Lezo, A., Diamanti, A., Capriati, T., Gandullia, P., Fiore, P., Lacitignola, L., Gatti, S., Spagnuolo, M. I., Cecchi, N., Verlato, G., Borodani, S., Forchielli, L., Panceri, R., Brunori, E., Pastore, M., Amarri, S., Abate, R., Accorsi, P., Aidala, E., Ancora, G., Angelotti, L., Annibali, R., Antonini Monica, A., Banzato, C., Barbaglia, M., Bardasi, G., Barrani, M., Basso, T., Brach del Prever, A., Belli, F., Bellomo Anna, R., Besenzon, L., Biagioni, M., Bonaudo, R., Bruni, G., Cagnoli, G., Campanozzi, A., Casaccia, G., Castello, M., Chiaro, A., Cimadore, N., Cioni, M., Cortinovis, F., De Cosmi, V., De Giacomo, C., Del Vecchio, S., Di Leo, G., Di Scala, C., Famiani, A., Felici, E., Ferraris, S., Fomasi, M., Fontanella, G., Frimaire, A., Fusco, P., Galvagno, G., Gasparrini, E., Guana, R., Guerra, A., Lanari, M., Lizzoli, F., Maggiore, G., Magista Anna, M., Malaventura, C., Marmetucci, L., Mazzocchi, A., Mazzoni, E., Melli, P., Memmini, G., Meneghini, A., Miglietti, N., Migliore, G., Mistura, L., Monaci, A., Morganti, A., Nesi, F., Opinto, V., Pace, M., Palamone, G., Parisi, G., Penagini, F., Perrone, M., Petitti, P., Pettinari, C., Peverelli, P., Pinon, M., Russo, C., Sala, A., Salata, M., Salmaso, M., Sangerardi, M., Santangelo, B., Savino, F., Scata, D., Siani, P., Sparano, P., Stamati Filomena, A., Tulli, M., Uga, E., Urbano, F., Zoppo, M., Zuin, G., Abate, Rosaria, Accorsi, Paola, Aidala, Enrico, Amarri, Sergio, Ancora, Gina, Angelotti, Luisella, Annibali, Roberta, Antonini Monica, Antonietta, Banzato, Claudia, Barbaglia, Michelangelo, Bardasi, Giulia, Barrani, Monica, Basso, Tiziano, Brach Del Prever, Adalberto, Belli, Fina, Bellomo Anna, Rita, Besenzon, Luigi, Biagioni, Martina, Bonaudo, Roberto, Bruni, Giulia, Brunori, Elena, Cagnoli, Giacomo, Campanozzi, Angelo, Casaccia, Germana, Castello, Mario, Chiaro, Andrea, Cimadore, Nicoletta, Cioni, Maddalena, Cortinovis, Francesca, De Cosmi, Valentina, De Giacomo, Costantino, Del Vecchio, Sergio, Diamanti, Antonella, Di Leo, Grazia, Di Scala, Carmen, Famiani, Annalisa, Felici, Enrico, Ferraris, Silvio, Fomasi, Martina, Fontanella, Giovanna, Frimaire, Alessia, Fusco, Patrizia, Galvagno, Graziana, Gandullia, Paolo, Gasparrini, Enrico, Guanã , Riccardo, Guerra, Azzurra, Lanari, Marcello, Lacitignola, Laura, Lezo, Antonella, Lizzoli, Francesca, Maggiore, Giuseppe, Magistã Anna, Maria, Malaventura, Cristina, Marmetucci, Luigi, Mazzocchi, Alessandra, Mazzoni, Elisa, Melli, Paola, Memmini, Graziano, Meneghini, Anna, Miglietti, Nunzia, Migliore, Giuseppina, Mistura, Laura, Monaci, Alessandro, Morganti, Alessia, Nesi, Francesca, Opinto, Vittoria, Pace, Mariella, Palamone, Gianluigi, Panceri, Roberto, Parisi, Giuseppe, Pastore, Maria, Penagini, Francesca, Perrone, Michela, Petitti, Patrizia, Pettinari, Chiara, Peverelli, Paola, Pinon, Michele, Russo, Carla, Sala, Alessandra, Salata, Michele, Salmaso, Mara, Sangerardi, Maria, Santangelo, Barbara, Savino, Francesco, Scatã , Donata, Siani, Paolo, Spagnuolo, Maria Immacolata, Sparano, Paola, Stamati Filomena, Andreina, Tulli, Monica, Uga, Elena, Urbano, Flavia, Verlato, Giovanna, Zoppo, Marisa, and Zuin, Giovanna
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Pediatrics ,Hospitalized patients ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Pediatric nutrition ,0302 clinical medicine ,Child Development ,Endocrinology ,Prevalence ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Growth Charts ,Child ,Nutritional support ,Wasting ,Growth Disorders ,Pediatric ,Stunting ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Nutritional status ,Nutrition Surveys ,Diabetes and Metabolism ,Italy ,Malnutrition ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Nutritional Status ,Socio-culturale ,Malnutrition in children ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,medicine ,Humans ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,business.industry ,Infant ,Anthropometry ,medicine.disease ,Parenteral nutrition ,Chronic Disease ,business ,Child, Hospitalized - Abstract
Introduction the prevalence of malnutrition in children and its impact on clinical outcomes is underrecognized by clinicians in Italy as well as worldwide. A novel definition of pediatric malnutrition has been recently proposed by a working group of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.), based on the correlation between illness and the use of zscores of anthropometric measurements. Aim to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition and related nutritional support among hospitalized children in Italy, in a nationwide survey performed in a single day (16/4/2015). Methods an open access website (http://nday.biomedia.net) was used to collected data from 73 hospitals and 101 wards in 14 Italian regions (1994 patients). Anonymous information was collected on hospitals' characteristics, patient's anthropometry, admission diagnosis, presence of chronic diseases and use of nutritional support: oral nutritional supplements (ONS), enteral nutrition (EN) or parenteral nutrition (PN). Z-scores of anthropometric measurements, calculated with Epi Info 7.1.5, defined nutritional status: wasting was identified by BMI or Weight-for-Length z-score (
- Published
- 2017
272. Statistical analysis of inter-arrival times of rainfall events for Italian Sub-Alpine and Mediterranean areas
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Stefano Ferraris, L. Mercalli, Carmelo Agnese, Carmelo Cammalleri, D. Cat Berro, Giorgio Baiamonte, Agnese, C, Baiamonte, G, Cammalleri, C, Cat Berro, D, Ferraris, S, and Mercalli, L
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Mediterranean climate ,Atmospheric Science ,Distribution (economics) ,drought ,lcsh:QC851-999 ,Mediterranean ,Settore AGR/08 - Idraulica Agraria E Sistemazioni Idraulico-Forestali ,Duration (project management) ,lcsh:Science ,Sub-Alpine ,statistical distributions ,trend ,business.industry ,Ecological Modeling ,Settore ICAR/02 - Costruzioni Idrauliche E Marittime E Idrologia ,Pollution ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,Trend analysis ,Geophysics ,Geography ,Sample size determination ,Climatology ,Probability distribution ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology ,rainfall inter-arrival time ,Scale (map) ,business ,lcsh:Physics ,Quantile - Abstract
In this work a set of time-series of inter-arrival times of rainfall events, at daily scale, was analysed, with the aim to verify the issue of increasing duration of dry periods. The set consists of 12 time-series recorded at rain gauges in 1926–2005, six of them belong to an Italian Sub-Alpine area (Piedmont) and six to a Mediterranean one (Sicily). In order to overcome the problem related to limited sample size for high values of inter-arrival times, the discrete probability polylog-series distribution was used to fit the empirical data from partial (20 yr) time-series. Moreover, a simple qualitative trend analysis was applied to some high quantiles of inter-arrival times as well as to the average extent of rain clusters. The preliminary analysis seems to confirm the issue of increasing duration of dry periods for both environments, which is limited to the ''cold'' season.
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- 2012
273. Modeling glioblastoma response to radiotherapy by combining a two-compartment kinetic model and multiparametric NMR data
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Andrea Nitrosi, Andrea Corazza, Daniel Remondini, Enrico Giampieri, Enrico Fainardi, Mauro Iori, Marco Bertolini, Alessandro Turra, Luigi Manco, Roberto Sghedoni, Gastone Castellani, B. Innocenti, C. Ventura, C. Signorelli, D. Remondini, D. N. Manners, D. Liepsch, E. Marcelli, F. Blyakman, F. Colle, F. Grigioni, F. Mainardi, G. Guidi, G. Castellani, K. L. Goh, L. Zhong, L. Cristofolini, M. Bontempi, M. P. Morigi, M. Bianchi, N. Lanconelli, N. Lopomo, P. Fantazzini, P. L. Rossi, R. Stagni, R. Zannoli, S. Ferraris, S. Pianigiani, V. Panzetta, Y. Morsi, Corazza A., Manco L., Sghedoni R., Iori M., Nitrosi A., Bertolini M., Turra A., Fainardi E., Giampieri E., Remondini D., and Castellani G.
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Chemotherapy ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Population ,Biomedical Engineering ,Brain tumor ,Kinetic model ,medicine.disease ,Radiation therapy ,Cancer stem cell ,Radioresistance ,Cancer research ,medicine ,Compartment (development) ,education ,business ,Glioblastoma ,Radiotherapy schedule - Abstract
Glioblastoma are the most common and malignant primary brain tumor, and actual treatments consist of surgery (when possible), radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Recent discoveries in biology revealed the important role of radioresistant cancer stem cell in the tumor proliferation and also showed that differentiated tumor cells can revert to a stem-like state because of radiation. These discoveries can be used to create mathematical models to study and plan new optimized radiotherapy schedules. In literature, some models have already been developed on murine population. The aim of this study was to reproduce these models, to perform a sensitivity analysis to find the most sensitive parameters and to adapt them to standard schedules used with human patients. We found that the most sensitive parameters are those involving tumor cell proliferation, radio-sensibility and quiescence times of both stem and tumor cells.
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- 2015
274. Analysis of near-surface soil moisture spatial and temporal dynamics in an experimental catchment in Southern Italy
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Stefano Ferraris, P. Nasta, Giovanni Battista Chirico, Benedetto Sica, Nunzio Romano, Romano N., D'Urso G., Severino G., Chirico G.B., Palladino M., Nasta, Paolo, Sica, B., Chirico, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, Ferraris, S., and Romano, Nunzio
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Hydrology ,Topography ,Water storage ,water resources ,Soil water content ,Water resources ,Water balance ,water balance ,Streamflow ,Soil water ,water resource ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,soil water balance ,streamflow ,Streamflow data ,Surface runoff ,Surface water ,Water content ,General Environmental Science ,catchment scale - Abstract
Management of water resources in basins under Mediterranean climate is based on t e knowledge of the complex interaction among rainfall, evapotranspira ion, streamflow discharge, and changes in water storage. Understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of such relations is a key issue for obtaining reliable applications of hydrologica models. In this study we identified the water dynamics involved in the catchment-scale water balance within a sub- humid area in Southern Italy. To meet this objective, precipitation and evapotranspirati n were retrieved through data recorded by a weather station whereas water discharge was monitored at the water reservoir delimited by an earth dam in the outlet of the Alento River 102.5 km 2 catchment. The landuse is dominated by pasture, orchard and grassland and the main terrain attributes have been calculated from a 5 m DEM. Six hillslope transects have been delineated along hillslopes in order to cap ure soil variability. Surface soil water content has been monitored with a portable TDR device along the aforementioned transects with a spatial interval of 50 m in 10 field campaigns, from October 2004 to January 2005. Mediterranean climate is characterized by dry summers with strong water deficit and wet winters with replenishment of the water reservoir. In the dry season, soil water content has high tempora instability and is mainly influenced by the aspect and tangential curvature. On the other hand during the wet season near saturation conditions of soil surface are able to diagnose rapid streamflow response since rainfall events generate runoff and subsurface later flow. Soil water content is more stable and shows a signifi ant correlation with the slope and the wetness index.
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- 2013
275. NETWORK APPROACHES FOR ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF THE HUMAN METABOLISM
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Gabriele Fontanarosa, Daniel Remondini, Giulia Menichetti, Gastone Castellani, Giovanni Martinelli, Enrico Giampieri, B. Innocenti, C. Ventura, C. Signorelli, D. Remondini, D. N. Manners, D. Liepsch, E. Marcelli, F. Blyakman, F. Colle, F. Grigioni, F. Mainardi, G. Guidi, G. Castellani, K. L. Goh, L. Zhong, L. Cristofolini, M. Bontempi, M. P. Morigi, M. Bianchi, N. Lanconelli, N. Lopomo, P. Fantazzini, P. L. Rossi, R. Stagni, R. Zannoli, S. Ferraris, S. Pianigiani, V. Panzetta, Y. Morsi, Fontanarosa G., Menichetti G., Giampieri E., Castellani G., Martinelli G., and Remondini D.
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Graph visualization ,Pathway analysis ,Markov chain ,Computer science ,Quantitative Biology::Molecular Networks ,Biomedical Engineering ,Metabolic network ,Topology (electrical circuits) ,Markov model ,computer.software_genre ,Multiscale modeling ,Variable-order Bayesian network ,Network element ,Graph drawing ,Data mining ,computer - Abstract
We describe a novel approach for metabolic network reconstruction in order to switch from the full reaction-metabolite scheme to a more synthetic description at a pathway level. The network thus obtained retains much information of the original model, allowing easier graphical visualizations and multiscale modeling. We apply our approach to the state-of-the-art database of human metabolic network (Recon2): our approach allows different ranking of the network elements based on its topology and on Markov dynamics induced by network structure.
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- 2015
276. Efficient edition of the bovine PRNP prion gene in somatic cells and IVF embryos using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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Bevacqua, R.J., Fernandez-Martín, R., Savy, V., Canel, N.G., Gismondi, M.I., Kues, W.A., Carlson, D.F., Fahrenkrug, S.C., Niemann, H., Taboga, O.A., Ferraris, S., and Salamone, D.F.
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- *
BOVINE spongiform encephalopathy , *FERTILIZATION in vitro , *CRISPRS , *ZINC-finger proteins , *GENOME editing , *SOMATIC cells , *ZOONOSES - Abstract
The recently developed engineered nucleases, such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease (Cas) 9, provide new opportunities for gene editing in a straightforward manner. However, few reports are available regarding CRISPR application and efficiency in cattle. Here, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was used with the aim of inducing knockout and knock-in alleles of the bovine PRNP gene, responsible for mad cow disease, both in bovine fetal fibroblasts and in IVF embryos. Five single-guide RNAs were designed to target 875 bp of PRNP exon 3, and all five were codelivered with Cas9. The feasibility of inducing homologous recombination (HR) was evaluated with a reporter vector carrying EGFP flanked by 1 kbp PRNP regions (pHR egfp ). For somatic cells, plasmids coding for Cas9 and for each of the five single-guide RNAs (pCMVCas9 and pSPgRNAs) were transfected under two different conditions (1X and 2X). For IVF zygotes, cytoplasmic injection was conducted with either plasmids or mRNA. For plasmid injection groups, 1 pg pCMVCas9 + 0.1 pg of each pSPgRNA (DNA2X) was used per zygote. In the case of RNA, two amounts (RNA1X and RNA2X) were compared. To assess the occurrence of HR, a group additionally cotransfected or coinjected with pHR egfp plasmid was included. Somatic cell lysates were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and surveyor assay. In the case of embryos, the in vitro development and the genotype of blastocysts were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. In somatic cells, 2X transfection resulted in indels and large deletions of the targeted PRNP region. Regarding embryo injection, higher blastocyst rates were obtained for RNA injected groups (46/103 [44.6%] and 55/116 [47.4%] for RNA1X and RNA2X) than for the DNA2X group (26/140 [18.6%], P < 0.05). In 46% (26/56) of the total sequenced blastocysts, specific gene editing was detected. The total number of genetic modifications (29) was higher than the total number of gene-edited embryos, as three blastocysts from the group RNA2X reported more than one type of modification. The modifications included indels (10/56; 17.9%) and large deletions (19/56; 33.9%). Moreover, it was possible to detect HR in 1/8 (12.5%) embryos treated with RNA2X. These results report that the CRISPR/Cas9 system can be applied for site-specific edition of the bovine genome, which could have a great impact on the development of large animals resistant to important zoonotic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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277. Peat land oxidation enhances subsidence in the venice watershed
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Stefano Ferraris, Mario Putti, Matteo Camporese, Giuseppe Gambolati, Vincenzo Nicoletti, Luigi Tosi, Federica Rizzetto, Sonia Silvestri, Giuseppe Gasparetto Stori, Pietro Teatini, Gambolati G., Putti M., Teatini P., Camporese M., Ferraris S., Gasparetto Stori G., Nicoletti V., Silvestri S., Rizzetto F., and Tosi L.
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Hydrology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Watershed ,Peat ,Marsh ,Drainage basin ,Subsidence ,histosols ,bio-oxidation ,peat land oxidation ,peat oxidation, land subsidence, carbon dioxide emissions, remote sensing of peatlands ,Drainage system (geomorphology) ,Soil water ,Venice watershed ,Histosol ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,subsidence - Abstract
The southernmost part of the Venice Lagoon catchment was progressively reclaimed from marshland starting from the end of the 19th century and finishing in the late 1930s (Figure 1). As a major result, the area was turned into a fertile farmland. At present, the area is kept dry by a distributed drainage system that collects the water from a capillary network of ditches, and pumps it into the lagoon or the sea. By its very origin, this area lies below sea level and progressively sinks mainly because of bio-oxidation of the histosols (soils with high organic content) that represent a large fraction of the outcropping soil in the area. The biooxidation process occurs in close connection with the agricultural practices and is currently responsible for a subsidence rate of between 1.5 and 2 cm/yr. The Venice Organic Soil Subsidence (VOSS)project was undertaken with the objective of understanding the process of land settlement in this area, quantifying past and present subsidence rates, and advancing possible remedial measures that would not penalize the current agricultural activities of the area. The study,conducted in close collaboration with the local Land Reclamation Authority (Consorzio di Bonifica) and the farmland owners, is focused on a hydrologically controlled catchment, the Zennare Basin (Venice, Italy). Land subsidence in peaty areas is a major consequence of the oxidation of the soil organic fraction in the upper aerated zone [Stephens et al., 1984; Deverel and Rojstaczer, 1996]. The release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere causes a soil mass loss which manifests itself as land subsidence. The organic soil derives from the accumulation and decomposition of reeds (Phragmite Australis) grown in the ancient marshy area of the lagoon surroundings. Seasonal ploughing contributes to the exposure of new organic material to the atmosphere, which promotes new subsidence. The bio-oxidation reaction is controlled primarily by temperature and the presence of oxygen, with its rate increasing at low soil water content and high ambient temperature. Since moisture content is sensitive to the amount of precipitation, dry and hot seasons are most favorable for the occurrence of the reaction. By distinction, in winter soil oxidation slows down almost to zero. In light of the above, it is expected that anthropogenic land subsidence in the future might increase should the extreme climate events (i.e., hotter and dryer seasons) become more frequent, as the most recent meteorological records seem to indicate.
278. Using stable isotopes to inform water resource management in forested and agricultural ecosystems.
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Scandellari F, Attou T, Barbeta A, Bernhard F, D'Amato C, Dimitrova-Petrova K, Donaldson A, Durodola O, Ferraris S, Floriancic MG, Fontenla-Razzetto G, Gerchow M, Han Q, Khalil I, Kirchner JW, Kühnhammer K, Liu Q, Llorens P, Magh RK, Marshall J, Meusburger K, Oliveira AM, Muñoz-Villers L, Pires SS, Todini-Zicavo D, van Meerveld I, Voigt C, Wirsig L, Beyer M, Geris J, Hopp L, Penna D, and Sprenger M
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- Water Resources, Isotopes analysis, Groundwater chemistry, Conservation of Water Resources methods, Agriculture methods, Ecosystem, Forests
- Abstract
Present and future climatic trends are expected to markedly alter water fluxes and stores in the hydrologic cycle. In addition, water demand continues to grow due to increased human use and a growing population. Sustainably managing water resources requires a thorough understanding of water storage and flow in natural, agricultural, and urban ecosystems. Measurements of stable isotopes of water (hydrogen and oxygen) in the water cycle (atmosphere, soils, plants, surface water, and groundwater) can provide information on the transport pathways, sourcing, dynamics, ages, and storage pools of water that is difficult to obtain with other techniques. However, the potential of these techniques for practical questions has not been fully exploited yet. Here, we outline the benefits and limitations of potential applications of stable isotope methods useful to water managers, farmers, and other stakeholders. We also describe several case studies demonstrating how stable isotopes of water can support water management decision-making. Finally, we propose a workflow that guides users through a sequence of decisions required to apply stable isotope methods to examples of water management issues. We call for ongoing dialogue and a stronger connection between water management stakeholders and water stable isotope practitioners to identify the most pressing issues and develop best-practice guidelines to apply these techniques., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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279. Neurovascular description in the South American plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus (Chinchilloidea, Caviomorpha). A study involving evolutionarily related species of Caviomorpha and Muroidea.
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Schmidt AR, Inserra PIF, Giacchino M, Ferraris S, Lange F, Figueredo RV, Halperin J, Vitullo AD, and Dorfman VB
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- Animals, Phylogeny, Circle of Willis, South America, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Hemodynamics, Brain
- Abstract
Oxygenated blood is required for the adequate metabolic activity of the brain. This is supplied by the circle of Willis (CoW) and the vertebrobasilar and carotid systems. The CoW ensures blood flow in case of arterial stenosis or occlusion. Different animal models have been explored for the CoW morphological and functional study. This work aims to characterize the vascular architecture of the CoW of the plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus (Suborder: Hystricomorpha), and to compare it with evolutionarily related species of Caviomorpha and Muroidea. The blood supply in adult plains vizcachas was studied using latex cerebrovascular casts and angiography. A caudo-rostral flow direction was determined, beginning in the spinal and vertebral arteries and converging in the basilar artery which bifurcates in the carotid-basilar communication in the caudal communicating arteries. In the first third of its course, the caudal cerebral arteries project laterally, and the middle and rostral cerebral arteries bifurcate from their rostral terminal segment, supplying the temporo-parietal and frontal cortex. The CoW architecture is mainly conserved between rodent species. Likewise, the small neurovascular variations observed could be considered phylogenetic morphological variations more than evolutionary adaptations. The absence of the rostral communicating artery that generates the rostral open architecture of the CoW in the vizcacha as in the other analyzed species, supports the need for a revision of the CoW classical function as a security system. Finally, this work supports the importance of expanding our understanding of brain anatomy among species, which may contribute to a better understanding of functional neuroanatomy., (© 2023 American Association for Anatomy.)
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- 2024
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280. Anticorrosion and Antimicrobial Tannic Acid-Functionalized Ti-Metallic Glass Ribbons for Dental Abutment.
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Yüce E, Sharifikolouei E, Micusik M, Ferraris S, Rashidi R, Najmi Z, Gümrükçü S, Scalia A, Cochis A, Rimondini L, Spriano S, Omastova M, Sarac AS, Eckert J, and Sarac B
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- Humans, Glass chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Titanium chemistry, Dental Abutments, Polyphenols
- Abstract
In this study, a recently reported Ti-based metallic glass (MG), without any toxic element, but with a significant amount of metalloid (Si-Ge-B, 18 atom %) and minor soft element (Sn, 2 atom %), was produced in ribbon form using conventional single-roller melt-spinning. The produced Ti
60 Zr20 Si8 Ge7 B3 Sn2 ribbons were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction to confirm their amorphous structure, and their corrosion properties were further investigated by open-circuit potential and cyclic polarization tests. The ribbon's surface was functionalized by tannic acid, a natural plant-based polyphenol, to enhance its performance in terms of corrosion prevention and antimicrobial efficacy. These properties can potentially be exploited in the premucosal parts of dental implants (abutments). The Folin and Ciocalteu test was used for the quantification of tannic acid (TA) grafted on the ribbon surface and of its redox activity. Fluorescent microscopy and ζ-potential measurements were used to confirm the presence of TA on the surfaces of the ribbons. The cytocompatibility evaluation (indirect and direct) of TA-functionalized Ti60 Zr20 Si8 Ge7 B3 Sn2 MG ribbons toward primary human gingival fibroblast demonstrated that no significant differences in cell viability were detected between the functionalized and as-produced (control) MG ribbons. Finally, the antibacterial investigation of TA-functionalized samples against Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated the specimens' antimicrobial properties, shown by scanning electron microscopy images after 24 h, presenting a few single colonies remaining on their surfaces. The thickness of bacterial aggregations (biofilm-like) that were formed on the surface of the as-produced samples reduced from 3.5 to 1.5 μm.- Published
- 2024
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281. Ce-doped MgO films on AZ31 alloy substrate for biomedical applications: preparation, characterization and testing.
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Hattab M, Ben Hassen S, Spriano S, Ferraris S, Cernea M, and Ben Amor Y
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- Magnesium Oxide, Coated Materials, Biocompatible chemistry, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Alloys chemistry, Corrosion, Magnesium chemistry, Cerium
- Abstract
Magnesium ions, MgO nanoparticles and thin films, magnesium alloys and cerium compounds are materials intensively studied due to their corrosion protection, antibacterial and pharmacological properties. In this work, we have designed, prepared and investigated, novel thin films of MgO doped with cerium, deposited on Mg alloy (AZ31) for temporary implants, in order to enhance their life time. More precisely, we report on microstructure and corrosion behavior of MgO pure and doped with 0.1 at % Ce films, fabricated by sol-gel route coupled with spin-coating technique, on AZ31 alloy substrate. A modified sol-gel method that start from magnesium acetylacetonate, cerium nitrate and 2-methoxyethanol (as a stabilizer for the sol) was been used successfully for cerium doped MgO sol precursor preparation. The structure and morphology of the surface of the coatings, before and after immersion for 7-30 d in Hank's solution at 37 °C, were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier infrared transmittance spectrum (FT-IR). A comparison between the corrosion protection of undoped MgO and MgO doped with 0.1 at % Ce coatings on the AZ31 alloy substrate is performed by electrochemical tests and immersion tests using open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in Hank's solution, at 37 °C. The electrochemical results showed that the protection of the AZ31 alloy substrate against corrosion was better with the doped with 0.1 at % Ce MgO film deposited than with pure MgO coting. The investigations of the films after immersion in Hank's solution, at 37 °C, for 7, 21 and 30 d indicated that the grown layer on the film is bone like apatite that suggests a good bioactivity of 0.1 at % Ce-doped MgO coating. Our work demonstrates that the performance corrosion protection of the biodegradable magnesium alloys used for orthopedic applications, in simulated physiological environments (Hank and Ringer) can be enhanced through coating with Ce
3+ doped MgO sol-gel thin film., (© 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
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282. Characterization of Tannic Acid-Coated AZ31 Mg Alloy for Biomedical Application and Comparison with AZ91.
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Barberi J, Saqib M, Dmitruk A, Opitz J, Naplocha K, Beshchasna N, Spriano S, and Ferraris S
- Abstract
Magnesium alloys are promising materials for bioresorbable implants that will improve patient life and reduce healthcare costs. However, their clinical use is prevented by the rapid degradation and corrosion of magnesium, which leads to a fast loss of mechanical strength and the formation of by-products that can trigger tissue inflammation. Here, a tannic acid coating is proposed to control the degradation of AZ31 and AZ91 alloys, starting from a previous study by the authors on AZ91. The coatings on the two materials were characterized both by the chemical (EDS, FTIR, XPS) and the morphological (SEM, confocal profilometry) point of view. Static degradation tests in PBS and electrochemical measurements in different solutions showed that the protective performances of the tannic acid coatings are strongly affected by the presence of cracks. The presence of fractures in the protective layer generates galvanic couples between the coating scales and the metal, worsening the corrosion resistance. Although degradation control was not achieved, useful insights on the degradation mechanisms of coated Mg surfaces were obtained, as well as key points for future studies: it resulted that the absence of cracks in protective coatings is of uttermost importance for novel biodegradable implants with proper degradation kinetics.
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- 2024
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283. Machine Learning as a Strategic Tool for Helping Cocoa Farmers in Côte D'Ivoire.
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Ferraris S, Meo R, Pinardi S, Salis M, and Sartor G
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- Humans, Artificial Intelligence, Farmers, Cote d'Ivoire, Machine Learning, Water, Chocolate, Cacao
- Abstract
Machine learning can be used for social good. The employment of artificial intelligence in smart agriculture has many benefits for the environment: it helps small farmers (at a local scale) and policymakers and cooperatives (at regional scale) to take valid and coordinated countermeasures to combat climate change. This article discusses how artificial intelligence in agriculture can help to reduce costs, especially in developing countries such as Côte d'Ivoire, employing only low-cost or open-source tools, from hardware to software and open data. We developed machine learning models for two tasks: the first is improving agricultural farming cultivation, and the second is water management. For the first task, we used deep neural networks (YOLOv5m) to detect healthy plants and pods of cocoa and damaged ones only using mobile phone images. The results confirm it is possible to distinguish well the healthy from damaged ones. For actions at a larger scale, the second task proposes the analysis of remote sensors, coming from the GRACE NASA Mission and ERA5, produced by the Copernicus climate change service. A new deep neural network architecture (CIWA-net) is proposed with a U-Net-like architecture, aiming to forecast the total water storage anomalies. The model quality is compared to a vanilla convolutional neural network.
- Published
- 2023
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284. Deposition of Antioxidant and Cytocompatible Caffeic Acid-Based Thin Films onto Ti6Al4V Alloys through Hexamethylenediamine-Mediated Crosslinking.
- Author
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Alfieri ML, Riccucci G, Ferraris S, Cochis A, Scalia AC, Rimondini L, Panzella L, Spriano S, and Napolitano A
- Subjects
- Alloys pharmacology, Antioxidants pharmacology, Surface Properties, Humans, Coated Materials, Biocompatible pharmacology, Coated Materials, Biocompatible chemistry, Titanium pharmacology, Titanium chemistry
- Abstract
A promising approach for advanced bone implants is the deposition on titanium surfaces of organic thin films with improved therapeutic performances. Herein, we reported the efficient dip-coating deposition of caffeic acid (CA)-based films on both polished and chemically pre-treated Ti6Al4V alloys by exploiting hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) crosslinking ability. The formation of benzacridine systems, resulting from the interaction of CA with the amino groups of HMDA, as reported in previous studies, was suggested by the yellow/green color of the coatings. The coated surfaces were characterized by means of the Folin-Ciocalteu method, fluorescence microscopy, water contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), zeta-potential measurements, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confirming the presence of a uniform coating on the titanium surfaces. The optimal mechanical adhesion of the coating, especially on the chemically pre-treated substrate, was also demonstrated by the tape adhesion test. Interestingly, both films exhibited marked antioxidant properties (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays) that persisted over time and were not lost even after prolonged storage of the material. The feature of the coatings in terms of the exposed groups (XPS and zeta potential titration evidence) was apparently dependent on the surface pre-treatment of the titanium substrate. Cytocompatibility, scavenger antioxidant activity, and antibacterial properties of the developed coatings were evaluated. The most promising results were obtained in the case of the chemically pre-treated CA/HMDA-based coated surface that showed good cytocompatibility and high reactive oxygen species' scavenging ability, preventing their intracellular accumulation under pro-inflammatory conditions; moreover, an anti-fouling effect preventing the formation of 3D biofilm-like bacterial aggregates was observed by scanning electron microscopy. These results open new perspectives for the development of innovative titanium surfaces with thin coatings from naturally occurring phenols for bone contact implants.
- Published
- 2023
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285. Conferring Antioxidant Activity to an Antibacterial and Bioactive Titanium Surface through the Grafting of a Natural Extract.
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Gamna F, Yamaguchi S, Cochis A, Ferraris S, Kumar A, Rimondini L, and Spriano S
- Abstract
The main unmet medical need of bone implants is multifunctional activity, including their ability to induce rapid and physiological osseointegration, counteract bacterial biofilm formation, and prevent in situ chronic inflammation at the same time. This research starts from an already developed c.p. titanium surface with proven bioactive (in vitro hydroxyl apatite precipitation) and antibacterial activities, due to a calcium titanate layer with nano- and micro-scale roughness and loaded with iodine ions. Here, antioxidant ability was added to prevent chronic inflammation by grafting polyphenols of a green tea extract onto the surface, without compromising the other functionalities of the surface. The surface was characterized before and after functionalization through XPS analysis, zeta potential titrations, ion release measurements, in vitro bioactivity tests, SEM and fluorescence microscopy, and Folin-Ciocalteu and biological tests. The presence of grafted polyphenols as a homogeneous layer was proven. The grafted polyphenols maintained their antioxidant ability and were anchored to the surface through the linking action of Ca
2+ ions added to the functionalizing solution. Iodine ion release, cytocompatibility towards human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), and antibacterial activity were maintained even after functionalization. The antioxidant ability of the functionalized surface was effective in preserving hMSC viability in a chemically induced pro-inflammatory environment, thus showing a scavenger activity towards toxic active species responsible for inflammation.- Published
- 2023
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286. A stochastic cellular automaton model to describe the evolution of the snow-covered area across a high-elevation mountain catchment.
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Painter KJ, Gentile A, and Ferraris S
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- Humans, Climate Change, Forests, Water, Snow, Cellular Automata
- Abstract
Variations in the extent and duration of snow cover impinge on surface albedo and snowmelt rate, influencing the energy and water budgets. Monitoring snow coverage is therefore crucial for both optimising the supply of snowpack-derived water and understanding how climate change could impact on this source, vital for sustaining human activities and the natural environment during the dry season. Mountainous sites can be characterised by complex morphologies, cloud cover and forests that can introduce errors into the estimates of snow cover obtained from remote sensing. Consequently, there is a need to develop simulation models capable of predicting how snow coverage evolves across a season. Cellular Automata models have previously been used to simulate snowmelt dynamics, but at a coarser scale that limits insight into the precise factors driving snowmelt at different stages. To address this information gap, we formulate a novel, fine-scale stochastic Cellular Automaton model that describes snow coverage across a high-elevation catchment. Exploiting its refinement, the model is used to explore the interplay between three factors proposed to play a critical role: terrain elevation, sun incidence angle, and the extent of nearby snow. We calibrate the model via a randomised parameter search, fitting simulation data against snow cover masks estimated from Sentinel-2 satellite images. Our analysis shows that., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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287. Surface Functionalization of Ti6Al4V-ELI Alloy with Antimicrobial Peptide Nisin.
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Lallukka M, Gamna F, Gobbo VA, Prato M, Najmi Z, Cochis A, Rimondini L, Ferraris S, and Spriano S
- Abstract
Implant-associated infections are a severe global concern, especially in the case of orthopedic implants intended for long-term or permanent use. The traditional treatment through systemic antibiotic administration is often inefficient due to biofilm formation, and concerns regarding the development of highly resistant bacteria. Therefore, there is an unfulfilled need for antibiotic-free alternatives that could simultaneously support bone regeneration and prevent bacterial infection. This study aimed to perform, optimize, and characterize the surface functionalization of Ti6Al4V-ELI discs by an FDA-approved antimicrobial peptide, nisin, known to hold a broad antibacterial spectrum. Accordingly, nisin bioactivity was also evaluated by in vitro release tests both in physiological and inflammatory pH conditions. Several methods, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Kelvin Probe atomic force microscopy confirmed the presence of a physisorbed nisin layer on the alloy surface. The functionalization performed at pH 6-7 was found to be especially effective due to the nisin configuration exposing its hydrophobic tail outwards, which is also responsible for its antimicrobial action. In addition, the first evidence of gradual nisin release both in physiological and inflammatory conditions was obtained: the static contact angle becomes half of the starting one after 7 days of soaking on the functionalized sample, while it becomes 0° on the control samples. Finally, the evaluation of the antibacterial performance toward the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus after 24 h of inoculation showed the ability of nisin adsorbed at pH 6 to prevent bacterial microfouling into biofilm-like aggregates in comparison with the uncoated specimens: viable bacterial colonies showed a reduction of about 40% with respect to the un-functionalized surface and the formation of (microcolonies (biofilm-like aggregates) is strongly affected.
- Published
- 2022
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288. Cabergoline treatment in cats with diabetes mellitus and hypersomatotropism.
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Miceli DD, García JD, Pompili GA, Rey Amunategui JP, Ferraris S, Pignataro OP, and Guitelman M
- Subjects
- Cats, Animals, Cabergoline therapeutic use, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Prospective Studies, Insulin, Diabetes Mellitus veterinary, Cat Diseases drug therapy
- Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cabergoline to control hypersomatotropism (HST) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in cats., Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Twenty-three cats with HST and concurrent DM were enrolled. Cats received a dose of 10 μg/kg cabergoline q48h PO for 6 months. Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and fructosamine concentrations, insulin dose and Insulin Resistance Index (IRI) were measured at the time of diagnosis of HST and at the start of cabergoline treatment (t0), and 3 months (t1) and 6 months (t2) during cabergoline treatment., Results: A decrease and normalization of serum IGF-1 concentration was observed in 35% and 26% of cats, respectively. Median IGF-1 (t0: 1350 ng/ml [range 832-1501]; t1: 1284 ng/ml [range 365-1501]; t2: 1240 ng/ml [range 263-1501]; P = 0.016) decreased significantly. Twelve cats underwent diagnostic imaging of the pituitary area. The median pituitary height at t0 of cats that experienced an IGF-1 reduction (n = 5/12) was significantly lower compared with those that did not experience an IGF-1 reduction (n = 7/12) (3.2 mm [range 3.1-3.7] vs 6 mm [range 3.5-9.5]; P = 0.011). Median fructosamine (t0: 628 µmol/l [range 400-963]; t1: 404 µmol/l [range 249-780]; t2: 400 µmol/l [range 260-815]; P <0.0001), insulin dose (t0: 1.3 IU/kg [range 0.5-4.6]; t0: 0.5 IU/kg [range 0-2.3]; t2: 0.4 IU/kg [range 0-2.1]; P <0.0001) and IRI (t0: 800 µmolIU/kgl [range 257-2700]; t1: 300 µmolIU/kgl [range 0-1498]; t2: 250 µmolIU/kgl [range 0-1498]; P <0.0001) decreased significantly during cabergoline treatment. Eight cats achieved diabetic remission between months 1 and 6 of cabergoline treatment (median time to achieve remission: 3 months [range 1-6]). Three cats experienced asymptomatic hypoglycemia., Conclusions and Relevance: Cabergoline was effective in normalizing IGF-1 concentration in 26% of cats. Cabergoline improved diabetes control and was associated with remission of DM in 35% of cases. Cabergoline could be a treatment option for cats with HST and DM, especially in those cases with a relatively small pituitary tumor.
- Published
- 2022
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289. UV-Cured Chitosan-Based Hydrogels Strengthened by Tannic Acid for the Removal of Copper Ions from Water.
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Sesia R, Ferraris S, Sangermano M, and Spriano S
- Abstract
In this work, a new environmentally friendly material for the removal of heavy metal ions was developed to enhance the adsorption efficiency of photocurable chitosan-based hydrogels (CHg). The acknowledged affinity of tannic acid (TA) to metal ions was investigated to improve the properties of hydrogels obtained from natural and renewable sources (CHg-TA). The hydrogel preparation was performed via a simple two-step method consisting of the photocrosslinking of methacrylated chitosan and its subsequent swelling in the TA solution. The samples were characterized using ATR-FTIR, SEM, and Folin-Ciocalteu (F&C) assay. Moreover, the mechanical properties and the ζ potential of CHg and CHg-TA were tested. The copper ion was selected as a pollutant model. The adsorption capacity (Q
e ) of CHg and CHg-TA was assessed as a function of pH. Under acidic conditions, CHg-TA shows a higher Qe than CHg through the coordination of copper ions by TA. At an alkaline pH, the phenols convert into a quinone form, decreasing the Qe of CHg-TA, and the performance of CHg was found to be improved. A partial TA release can occur in the copper solution due to its high hydrophilicity and strong acidic pH conditions. Additionally, the reusability of hydrogels was assessed, and the high number of recycling cycles of CHg-TA was related to its high mechanical performance (compression tests). These findings suggest CHg-TA as a promising green candidate for heavy metal ion removal from acidic wastewater.- Published
- 2022
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290. Functionalization with Polyphenols of a Nano-Textured Ti Surface through a High-Amino Acid Medium: A Chemical-Physical and Biological Characterization.
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Scannavino RCP, Riccucci G, Ferraris S, Duarte GLC, de Oliveira PT, and Spriano S
- Abstract
The study aimed to identify an effective mechanism of adsorption of polyphenols on a nano-textured Ti surface and to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation on it. The source of polyphenols was a natural extract from red grape pomace. A chemical etching was used to form an oxide layer with a nanoscale texture on Ti; this layer is hydrophilic, but without hydroxyl groups with high acidic-basic chemical reactivity. The samples were characterized by electron and fluorescence microscopies, UV-Vis spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, zeta potential titration curves, and Folin-Ciocâlteu test. The presence of an adsorbed layer of polyphenols on the functionalized surface, maintaining redox ability, was confirmed by several tests. Consistent with the surface features, the adsorption was maximized by dissolving the extract in a high-amino acid medium, with respect to an inorganic solution, exploiting the high affinity of amino acids for polyphenols and for porous titanium surfaces. The osteogenic differentiation was assessed on an osteoblastic cell line by immunofluorescence, cell viability, expression of key osteoblast markers, and extracellular matrix mineralization. The surfaces functionalized with the extract diluted in the range 1 × 10
-5 -1 mg/mL resulted in having a greater osteogenic activity for the highest concentration, with lower values of cell viability; higher expression of alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, and collagen; and lower levels of osteopontin. In conclusion, the functionalization of a nano-textured Ti surface with polyphenols can potentially favor the osteogenic activity of osseointegrated implants.- Published
- 2022
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291. Therapy for feline secondary hypertriglyceridemia with fenofibrate.
- Author
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Miceli DD, Guevara JM, Ferraris S, Pignataro OP, and Gallelli MF
- Subjects
- Animals, Cats, Humans, Hypolipidemic Agents therapeutic use, Prospective Studies, Triglycerides, Cat Diseases chemically induced, Cat Diseases drug therapy, Fenofibrate therapeutic use, Hypertriglyceridemia drug therapy, Hypertriglyceridemia veterinary, Hypothyroidism complications, Hypothyroidism drug therapy, Hypothyroidism veterinary, Obesity veterinary
- Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the short-term safety and efficacy of fenofibrate in controlling secondary hypertriglyceridemia in cats., Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Seventeen adult cats with hypertriglyceridemia (serum triglycerides [TG] >160 mg/dl) were enrolled. Cats received a median dose of 5 mg/kg (range 3.2-6) fenofibrate (q24h PO) for 1 month. Serum TG, total cholesterol (TC), creatine kinase and liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) were evaluated before (t0) and after 1 month (t1) of fenofibrate treatment., Results: The causes of secondary hypertriglyceridemia were diabetes mellitus (DM; 29.4%), obesity (29.4%), hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) and DM (11.7%), HAC without DM (5.9%), hypersomatotropism (HST) and DM (5.9%), hypothyroidism (5.9%), long-term treatment with glucocorticoids (5.9%) and chylothorax (5.9%). Serum TG (t0 median 920 mg/dl [range 237-1780]; t1 median 51 mg/dl [range 21-1001]; P = 0.0002) and TC (t0 median 278 mg/dl [range 103-502]; t1 median 156 mg/dl [range 66-244]; P = 0.0001) concentrations showed a significant decrease after 1 month of fenofibrate treatment. Fifteen cats normalized their TG concentration at t1 (88.2%). Of the eight cats that were hypercholesterolemic at t0, six (75%) normalized their TC concentrations at t1. One of 17 cats (5.9 %) presented with diarrhea; the remaining 16 did not show any adverse effects., Conclusions and Relevance: DM and obesity are the most common endocrine causes of secondary hyperlipidemia, although it can also be found in cats with HAC, HST or hypothyroidism. This study suggests that fenofibrate treatment was associated with reduction and normalization of TG and TC concentrations in cats with moderate and severe hypertriglyceridemia, regardless of the cause of secondary hypertriglyceridemia. Further work should focus on controlled studies with a greater number of cases.
- Published
- 2022
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292. Neurocognitive sequelae of antenatal corticosteroids in a late preterm rabbit model.
- Author
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van der Merwe J, van der Veeken L, Inversetti A, Galgano A, Valenzuela I, Salaets T, Ferraris S, Vercauteren T, Toelen J, and Deprest J
- Subjects
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Animals, Betamethasone pharmacology, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Female, Humans, Ki-67 Antigen, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care methods, Rabbits, Premature Birth
- Abstract
Background: Late preterm birth is associated with short-term respiratory and adaptive problems. Although antenatal corticosteroids seem to reduce the respiratory burden, this may come at the cost of adverse neuropsychological outcomes later in life. This impact has not been investigated., Objective: Herein, we investigate what the short- and long-term neurodevelopmental effects of a single course of betamethasone in simulated late preterm birth., Study Design: Time-mated pregnant does received 0.1 mg/kg betamethasone (n=8) or 1 mL saline intramuscular (n=6) at the postconceptional ages of 28 and 29 days. The antenatal corticosteroid dose and scheme were based on previous studies and were comparable with routine clinical use. Cesarean delivery was done on postconceptional age 30 days (term=31 days), and new-born rabbits were foster-cared for 28 days and were thereafter cared for in group housing. Neonatal lung function testing and short-term neurobehavioral testing was done. Open field, spontaneous alternation, and novel object recognition tests were subsequently performed at 4 and 8 weeks of age. On postnatal day 1 and at 8 weeks, a subgroup was euthanized and transcardially perfuse fixated. Ex vivo high-resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging was used to calculate the Diffusion Tensor Imaging-derived fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity. Fixated brains underwent processing and were serial sectioned, and a set of 3 coronal sections underwent anti-NeuN, Ki67, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining., Results: Antenatal corticosteroid exposure was associated with improved neonatal lung function, yet resulted in a long-term growth deficit that coincided with a persistent neurobehavioral deficit. We demonstrated lower neonatal motor scores; a persistent anxious behavior in the open field test with more displacements, running, and self-grooming episodes; persistent lower alternation scores in the T-Maze test; and lower discriminatory indexes in the novel object recognition. On neuropathological assessment, antenatal corticosteroid exposure was observed to result in a persistent lower neuron density and fewer Ki67+ cells, particularly in the hippocampus and the corpus callosum. This coincided with lower diffusion tensor imaging-derived fractional anisotropy scores in the same key regions., Conclusion: Clinical equivalent antenatal corticosteroid exposure in this late preterm rabbit model resulted in improved neonatal lung function. However, it compromised neonatal and long-term neurocognition., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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293. Robust joint registration of multiple stains and MRI for multimodal 3D histology reconstruction: Application to the Allen human brain atlas.
- Author
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Casamitjana A, Lorenzi M, Ferraris S, Peter L, Modat M, Stevens A, Fischl B, Vercauteren T, and Iglesias JE
- Subjects
- Bayes Theorem, Brain diagnostic imaging, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Coloring Agents, Imaging, Three-Dimensional
- Abstract
Joint registration of a stack of 2D histological sections to recover 3D structure ("3D histology reconstruction") finds application in areas such as atlas building and validation of in vivo imaging. Straightforward pairwise registration of neighbouring sections yields smooth reconstructions but has well-known problems such as "banana effect" (straightening of curved structures) and "z-shift" (drift). While these problems can be alleviated with an external, linearly aligned reference (e.g., Magnetic Resonance (MR) images), registration is often inaccurate due to contrast differences and the strong nonlinear distortion of the tissue, including artefacts such as folds and tears. In this paper, we present a probabilistic model of spatial deformation that yields reconstructions for multiple histological stains that that are jointly smooth, robust to outliers, and follow the reference shape. The model relies on a spanning tree of latent transforms connecting all the sections and slices of the reference volume, and assumes that the registration between any pair of images can be see as a noisy version of the composition of (possibly inverted) latent transforms connecting the two images. Bayesian inference is used to compute the most likely latent transforms given a set of pairwise registrations between image pairs within and across modalities. We consider two likelihood models: Gaussian (ℓ
2 norm, which can be minimised in closed form) and Laplacian (ℓ1 norm, minimised with linear programming). Results on synthetic deformations on multiple MR modalities, show that our method can accurately and robustly register multiple contrasts even in the presence of outliers. The framework is used for accurate 3D reconstruction of two stains (Nissl and parvalbumin) from the Allen human brain atlas, showing its benefits on real data with severe distortions. Moreover, we also provide the registration of the reconstructed volume to MNI space, bridging the gaps between two of the most widely used atlases in histology and MRI. The 3D reconstructed volumes and atlas registration can be downloaded from https://openneuro.org/datasets/ds003590. The code is freely available at https://github.com/acasamitjana/3dhirest., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Bruce Fischl has a financial interest in CorticoMetrics, a company whose medical pursuits focus on brain imaging and measurement technologies., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
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294. Polyphenols from Grape Pomace: Functionalization of Chitosan-Coated Hydroxyapatite for Modulated Swelling and Release of Polyphenols.
- Author
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Riccucci G, Ferraris S, Reggio C, Bosso A, Örlygsson G, Ng CH, and Spriano S
- Subjects
- Durapatite, Phenols, Polyphenols, Chitosan, Vitis
- Abstract
Chitosan is known for its specific antibacterial mechanism and biodegradability, while polyphenols are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties: coupling these properties on a surface for bone contact, such as hydroxyapatite, is of great interest. The system developed here allows the combination of hydroxyapatite, chitosan, and polyphenol properties in the same multifunctional biomaterial in order to modulate the host response after implantation. Crosslinked chitosan is used in this research to create a stable coating on hydroxyapatite, and then it is functionalized for a smart release of the polyphenols. The release is higher in inflammatory conditions and lower in physiological conditions. The properties of the coated and functionalized samples are characterized on the as-prepared samples and after the samples are immersed (for 24 h) in solutions, which simulate the inflammatory and physiological conditions. Characterization is performed in order to confirm the presence of polyphenols grafted within the chitosan coating, the stability of grafting as a function of pH, the morphology of the coating and distribution of polyphenols on the surface, and the redox reactivity and radical scavenging activity of the functionalized coating. All the results are in line with previous results, which show a successful coating with chitosan and functionalization with polyphenols. Moreover, the polyphenols have a different release kinetics that is faster in a simulated inflammatory environment compared to that in the physiological environment. Even after the release tests, a fraction of polyphenols are still bound on the surface, maintaining the antioxidant and radical scavenging activity for a longer time. An electrostatic bond occurs between the negative-charged polar groups of polyphenols (carboxyls and/or phenols) and the positive amide groups of the chitosan coating, and the substitution of the crosslinker by the polyphenols occurs during the functionalization process.
- Published
- 2021
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295. Surface Modification of Bioresorbable Phosphate Glasses for Controlled Protein Adsorption.
- Author
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Hyunh NB, Palma CSD, Rahikainen R, Mishra A, Azizi L, Verne E, Ferraris S, Hytönen VP, Sanches Ribeiro A, and Massera J
- Subjects
- Adsorption, Glass, Silicates, Absorbable Implants, Phosphates
- Abstract
The traditional silicate bioactive glasses exhibit poor thermal processability, which inhibits fiber drawing or sintering into scaffolds. The composition of the silicate glasses has been modified to enable hot processing. However, the hot forming ability is generally at the expense of bioactivity. Metaphosphate glasses, on the other hand, possess excellent thermal processability, congruent dissolution, and a tailorable degradation rate. However, due to the layer-by-layer dissolution mechanism, cells do not attach to the material surface. Furthermore, the congruent dissolution leads to a low density of OH groups forming on the glass surface, limiting the adsorption of proteins. It is well regarded that the initial step of protein adsorption is critical as the cells interact with this protein layer, rather than the biomaterial itself. In this paper, we explore the possibility of improving protein adsorption on the surface of phosphate glasses through a variety of surface treatments, such as washing the glass surface in acidic (pH 5), neutral, and basic (pH 9) buffer solutions followed or not by a treatment with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS). The impact of these surface treatments on the surface chemistry (contact angle, ζ-potential) and glass structure (FTIR) was assessed. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that understanding of the material surface chemistry enables to selectively improve the adsorption of albumin and fibronectin (used as model proteins). Furthermore, in this study, well-known silicate bioactive glasses (i.e., S53P4 and 13-93) were used as controls. While surface treatments clearly improved proteins adsorption on the surface of both silicate and phosphate glasses, it is of interest to note that protein adsorption on phosphate glasses was drastically improved to reach similar protein grafting ability to the silicate bioactive glasses. Overall, this study demonstrates that the limited cell/phosphate glass biological response can easily be overcome through deep understanding and control of the glass surface chemistry.
- Published
- 2021
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296. Iodine-Loaded Calcium Titanate for Bone Repair with Sustainable Antibacterial Activity Prepared by Solution and Heat Treatment.
- Author
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Yamaguchi S, Le PTM, Shintani SA, Takadama H, Ito M, Ferraris S, and Spriano S
- Abstract
In the orthopedic and dental fields, simultaneously conferring titanium (Ti) and its alloy implants with antibacterial and bone-bonding capabilities is an outstanding challenge. In the present study, we developed a novel combined solution and heat treatment that controllably incorporates 0.7% to 10.5% of iodine into Ti and its alloys by ion exchange with calcium ions in a bioactive calcium titanate. The treated metals formed iodine-containing calcium-deficient calcium titanate with abundant Ti-OH groups on their surfaces. High-resolution XPS analysis revealed that the incorporated iodine ions were mainly positively charged. The surface treatment also induced a shift in the isoelectric point toward a higher pH, which indicated a prevalence of basic surface functionalities. The Ti loaded with 8.6% iodine slowly released 5.6 ppm of iodine over 90 days and exhibited strong antibacterial activity (reduction rate >99%) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), S. aureus , Escherichia coli , and S. epidermidis . A long-term stability test of the antibacterial activity on MRSA showed that the treated Ti maintained a >99% reduction until 3 months, and then it gradually decreased after 6 months (to a 97.3% reduction). There was no cytotoxicity in MC3T3-E1 or L929 cells, whereas apatite formed on the treated metal in a simulated body fluid within 3 days. It is expected that the iodine-carrying Ti and its alloys will be particularly useful for orthopedic and dental implants since they reliably bond to bone and prevent infection owing to their apatite formation, cytocompatibility, and sustainable antibacterial activity.
- Published
- 2021
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297. Diabetes mellitus remission in a cat with hyperadrenocorticism after cabergoline treatment.
- Author
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Miceli DD, Zelarayán GS, García JD, Fernández V, and Ferraris S
- Abstract
Case Summary: A 7-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat weighing 5 kg was referred with polyuria, polydipsia, lethargy, abdominal distension and dermatologic abnormalities. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed and treatment was started with a diet for diabetic cats and insulin glargine (1 IU q12h SC). Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) was suspected and diagnosed based on clinical signs, increased urinary cortisol:creatinine ratio, lack of suppression on low-dose dexamethasone suppression test and abdominal ultrasonography demonstrating bilateral adrenal enlargement. Oral cabergoline (10 μg/kg every other day) was initiated. After the second administration of cabergoline, the cat suffered from clinical hypoglycemia and no longer required insulin. One month after insulin withdrawal, blood work and urine analysis results showed normoglycemia, a normal serum fructosamine concentration (244 μmol/l) and normal urine analysis without glycosuria. Diabetic remission persisted until its death 7 months later. In addition, cabergoline treatment was associated with improvement in clinical signs such as lethargy, seborrhea, alopecia and abdominal distension., Relevance and Novel Information: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of the use of cabergoline in a cat with HAC, as well as the first reported case of diabetic remission in a cat with HAC after cabergoline treatment. Cabergoline could be an alternative treatment for diabetic cats with pituitary-dependent HAC. Further work should focus on different protocols with greater number of cases., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2021.)
- Published
- 2021
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298. Findings suggestive of coronary microvascular dysfunction in cats with myocardial ischemia.
- Author
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Belerenian G, Donati PA, Rodriguez CD, Castillo V, Guevara JM, Pucheta C, Ferraris S, and Olivares RWI
- Subjects
- Animals, Cats, Electron Transport Complex III, Endothelial Cells, Myocardium, Cardiomyopathies veterinary, Cat Diseases, Myocardial Ischemia veterinary
- Abstract
Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is an important cause of death and disability among humans worldwide. Few studies have reported the occurrence of MI in small animals as well. Reports in human medicine indicate that up to 30% of patients with clinical signs compatible with myocardial ischemia suggestive of coronary disease exhibit normal epicardial arteries at angiography. These symptoms have been associated with a syndrome characterized by alterations in cardiac microvasculature, known as coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD)., Aim: This study aimed to describe the necropsy findings and clinical-pathological characterization (when available) of cats with histopathological findings suggesting CMD., Methods: Necropsy records of cats presenting histopathological diagnosis compatible with acute and/or chronic MI, with normal epicardial arteries and microvascular disorders were evaluated., Results: Twenty animals met the inclusion criteria. Eight cats (40%) exhibited findings compatible with mild hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) without left atrial enlargement, one (5%) presented restrictive cardiomyopathy, and another one (5%) had lesions consistent with histiocytoid cardiomyopathy. The remaining cats (50%) showed alterations compatible with severe HCM with left atrial enlargement. In all cases, epicardial arteries were normal (without obstruction). All the evaluated hearts exhibited myocardial multifocal fibrosis along with replacement of cardiomyocytes by adipose tissue and blood vessels with hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the muscular layer with protrusion of the nuclei of the endothelial cells., Conclusion: These findings suggest the presence of microvascular dysplasia of the coronary arteries. Further studies are necessary to confirm and clinically characterize these results., Competing Interests: The Authors declares that there is no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
299. Tracheostomy Timing and Outcome in Severe COVID-19: The WeanTrach Multicenter Study.
- Author
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Battaglini D, Missale F, Schiavetti I, Filauro M, Iannuzzi F, Ascoli A, Bertazzoli A, Pascucci F, Grasso S, Murgolo F, Binda S, Maraggia D, Montrucchio G, Sales G, Pascarella G, Agrò FE, Faccio G, Ferraris S, Spadaro S, Falò G, Mereto N, Uva A, Maugeri JG, Agrippino B, Vargas M, Servillo G, Robba C, Ball L, Mora F, Signori A, Torres A, Giacobbe DR, Vena A, Bassetti M, Peretti G, Rocco PRM, and Pelosi P
- Abstract
Background: Tracheostomy can be performed safely in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, little is known about the optimal timing, effects on outcome, and complications., Methods: A multicenter, retrospective, observational study. This study included 153 tracheostomized COVID-19 patients from 11 intensive care units (ICUs). The primary endpoint was the median time to tracheostomy in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Secondary endpoints were survival rate, length of ICU stay, and post-tracheostomy complications, stratified by tracheostomy timing (early versus late) and technique (surgical versus percutaneous)., Results: The median time to tracheostomy was 15 (1-64) days. There was no significant difference in survival between critically ill COVID-19 patients who received tracheostomy before versus after day 15, nor between surgical and percutaneous techniques. ICU length of stay was shorter with early compared to late tracheostomy ( p < 0.001) and percutaneous compared to surgical tracheostomy ( p = 0.050). The rate of lower respiratory tract infections was higher with surgical versus percutaneous technique ( p = 0.007)., Conclusions: Among critically ill patients with COVID-19, neither early nor percutaneous tracheostomy improved outcomes, but did shorten ICU stay. Infectious complications were less frequent with percutaneous than surgical tracheostomy.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
300. Antioxidant Activity of Silica-Based Bioactive Glasses.
- Author
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Ferraris S, Corazzari I, Turci F, Cochis A, Rimondini L, and Vernè E
- Subjects
- Antioxidants, Biocompatible Materials, Surface Properties, Glass, Silicon Dioxide
- Abstract
Bioactive glasses are the materials of choice in the field of bone regeneration. Antioxidant properties of interest to limit inflammation and foreign body reactions have been conferred to bioactive glasses by the addition of appropriate ions (such as Ce or Sr). On the other hand, the antioxidant activity of bioactive glasses without specific ion/molecular doping has been occasionally cited in the literature but never investigated in depth. In the present study, three silica-based bioactive glasses have been developed and characterized for their surface properties (wettability, zeta potential, chemical composition, and reactivity) and radical scavenging activity in the presence/absence of cells. For the first time, the antioxidant activity of simple silica-based (SiO
2 -CaO-Na2 O) bioactive glasses has been demonstrated.- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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