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Background White blood cell count, which is inexpensive and widely available in clinical practice, has been proposed to provide prognostic information in coronary artery disease (CAD). Elevated levels of white blood cell subtypes may play different roles in atherothrombosis and predict cardiovascular outcomes. Methods and Results The association between white blood cell counts and mortality was evaluated in 823 subjects with angiographically demonstrated and clinically stable CAD in an observational–longitudinal study. The correlation among white blood cell counts and factor II plasma coagulant activity was analyzed in 750 subjects (554 CAD and 196 CAD‐free) not taking anticoagulant drugs. Subjects with overt leukocytosis or leukopenia were excluded. In the longitudinal study after a median follow‐up of 61 months, 160 (19.4%) subjects died, 107 (13.0%) of whom from cardiovascular causes. High levels of neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were associated with an increased mortality rate. In multiadjusted Cox regression models, only neutrophils and basophils remained predictors of total and cardiovascular mortality. The associations remained significant after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and by including D‐dimer and the chemokine CXCL12 in the regression models. Neutrophils and basophils were also significant predictors of factor II plasma coagulant activity variability after adjustment for blood cell counts, age, sex, inflammatory markers, CAD diagnosis, and prothrombin G20210A polymorphism. Factor II plasma coagulant activity was similarly increased in subjects with high neutrophil and basophil counts and in carriers of the prothrombin 20210A allele. Conclusions Both high neutrophil and basophil blood counts may predict mortality in patients with clinically stable CAD and are associated with enhanced factor II plasma coagulant activity, thereby suggesting underlying prothrombotic mechanisms.

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como título “Factores limitantes de la gestión municipal y desarrollo económico local en el distrito de Saposoa – Huallaga, 2019” el cual tuvo como objetivo general determinar cuál es la relación entre los factores limitantes de la gestión municipal y el Desarrollo Económico Local en el distrito de Saposoa - Huallaga. Siendo esta una investigación de nivel correlacional, se aplicó una encuesta en escale de Likert a una muestra de 372 personas de la población de Saposoa – Huallaga. En los resultados se obtuvieron mediante la prueba de Rho Spearman donde se dio como resultado un valor de significancia de 0,000 lo cual es menor a 0,05, concluyéndose que existe una relación significante entre las variables de estudio. The present research work is entitled "Limiting factors of municipal management and local economic development in the district of Saposoa - Huallaga, 2019" which had as its general objective to determine what is the relationship between the limiting factors of municipal management and the Local Economic Development in the district of Saposoa - Huallaga. This being a correlational level investigation, a Likert scale survey was applied to a sample of 372 people from the Saposoa - Huallaga population. The results were obtained using the Rho Spearman test, which resulted in a significance value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05, concluding that there is a significant relationship between the study variables.

Physical review letters 126(6), 062002 (2021). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.062002, Published by APS, College Park, Md.

En el siguiente trabajo se presenta un plan de negocio que, mediante estrategias comerciales, organización de la estructura de la empresa, impactos ambientales y la evaluación financiera, demuestra la viabilidad económica del proyecto mediante indicadores como (VPN, TIR y RCB), las ganancias significativas que tiene un negocio enfocado al desarrollo sostenible, siendo su única desventaja la producción masiva. Los resultados arrojados por los indicadores fueron de 23,17% de tasa interna de retorno y una relación costo-beneficio de 0,46; siento este un dato muy positivo frente a las personas que han decidido participar en nuestro negocio, además de que es un proyecto, que se enfoca en la utilización de materia prima totalmente natural, tiene un gran potencial de convertirse en un exponente del biocomercio. La empresa Piel Natural Llanera tiene un potencial considerable en el mercado de los jabones líquidos, a pesar de su escasa mano de obra, se puede obtener un buen rendimiento económico. En futuros trabajos podría considerarse usar el producto en la población infantil y adulta. The following work presents a business plan that, through commercial strategies, organization of the company structure, environmental impacts and financial evaluation, demonstrates the economic viability of the project through indicators such as (NPV, IRR and RCB), profits significant that it has a business focused on sustainable development, its only disadvantage being mass production. The results obtained by the indicators were 23.17% internal rate of return and a cost-benefit ratio of 0.46; I feel this is a very positive fact in front of the people who have decided to participate in our business, in addition to being a project that focuses on the use of totally natural raw materials, it has great potential to become an exponent of biotrade. The Piel Natural Llanera company has considerable potential in the liquid soaps market, despite its limited workforce, it can obtain a good economic return. In future work, the use of the product in children and adults could be considered. Ingeniero Ambiental http://www.ustavillavicencio.edu.co/home/index.php/unidades/extension-y-proyeccion/investigacion Pregrado

[ES] El presente Trabajo Final de Grado pretende desarrollar toda documentación necesaria para la realización de la oferta técnica y económica en una licitación a obra, así como su aplicación práctica al proyecto ¿Pasarela peatonal sobre el paso inferior de Manuel Becerra para la conexión entre la Calle Ayala y la Calle Marqués de Zafra¿, con toda aquella documentación que se exija en el pliego de dicho proyecto. En primer lugar, se detallarán todas las fases de una licitación, así como la documentación que suele solicitarse en ellas. En cuanto a aplicación práctica se detallarán y conocerán todos los trabajos que se han de realizar aplicados a dicho proyecto para, posteriormente, poder realizar una programación de los trabajos, conocer el plazo estimado de ejecución de estos y, por último, poder presentar una oferta económica competitiva., [EN] The present Final Degree Project intends to develop all the necessary documentation for the realization of the technical and economic offer in a tender for work, as well as its practical application to the project "Pedestrian footbridge over the underpass of Manuel Becerra for the connection between Calle Ayala and Calle Marqués de Zafra¿, with all the documentation required in the specifications of said project. First, all the phases of a tender will be detailed, as well as the documentation that is usually requested in them. Regarding practical application, all the work to be carried out applied to said project will be detailed and known so that, later, it will be possible to carry out a schedule of the work, to know the estimated execution time of these and, finally, to be able to present an offer economic.

Objective To establish optimal cut-off values for the scores of the revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), the modified Fibromialgia Assessment Scale (FAS 2019mod), and the Polysymptomatic Distress Scale (PDS) in order to distinguish five levels of FM disease severity. Methods Consecutive FM patients were evaluated with the three clinimetric indices, and each patient was required to answer the anchor question: ‘In general, would you say your health is 1 = very good, 2 = good, 3 = fair, 4 = poor, or 5 = very poor?’—which represented the external criterion. Cut-off points were established through the interquartile reconciliation approach. Results The study sample consisted of 2181 women (93.2%) and 158 men (6.8%), with a mean age of 51.9 (11.5) years, and mean disease duration was 7.3 (6.9) years. The overall median FIQR, FAS 2019 mod and PDS scores (25th–75th percentiles) were respectively 61.16 (41.16–77.00), 27.00 (19.00–32.00) and 19.0 (13.00–24.00). Reconciliation of the mean 75th and 25th percentiles of adjacent categories defined the severity states for FIQR: 0–23 for remission, 24–40 for mild disease, 41–63 for moderate disease, 64–82 for severe disease and >83 for very severe disease; FAS 2019 mod: 0–12 for remission, 13–20 for mild disease, 21–28 for moderate disease, 29–33 for severe disease and >33 for very severe disease; PDS: 0–5 for remission, 6–15 for mild disease, 16–20 for moderate disease, 21–25 for severe disease and >25 for very severe disease. Conclusions Disease severity cut-offs can represent an important improvement in interpreting FM.

Positron beams, both polarized and unpolarized, are identified as essential ingredients for the experimental programs at the next generation of lepton accelerators. In the context of the hadronic physics program at Jefferson Lab (JLab), positron beams are complementary, even essential, tools for a precise understanding of the electromagnetic structure of nucleons and nuclei, in both the elastic and deep-inelastic regimes. For instance, elastic scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons and positrons from the nucleon enables a model independent determination of its electromagnetic form factors. Also, the deeply-virtual scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons and positrons allows unambiguous separation of the different contributions to the cross section of the lepto-production of photons and of lepton-pairs, enabling an accurate determination of the nucleons and nuclei generalized parton distributions, and providing an access to the gravitational form factors. Furthermore, positron beams offer the possibility of alternative tests of the Standard Model of particle physics through the search of a dark photon, the precise measurement of electroweak couplings, and the investigation of charged lepton flavor violation. This document discusses the perspectives of an experimental program with high duty-cycle positron beams at JLab., Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures This version superseeds the previous version which scientific content was decomposed into several more elaborated articles. All of these articles will be collected in the EPJ A Topical Issue about "Positron beam and physics at Jefferson Lab (e+@Jlab)"

Withdrawal syndrome (WS) may be a critical drawback of opioid/benzodiazepine weaning in children. The most effective intervention to reduce WS prevalence is yet to be determined. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) was estimated to be effective in reducing WS-related symptoms, but no randomized trial has been conducted to prove its efficacy so far. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DEX in reducing the occurrence of WS.This was an adaptive randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial conducted at three Italian Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs).It included children admitted to PICU, undergoing at least five days of opioids/benzodiazepines continuous infusion, and ready to start the analgosedation weaning.Twenty-four hours before the start of weaning, an infusion of DEX/placebo was started. WS symptoms were monitored using the Withdrawal-Assessment-Tool-version-1 (WAT-1). In case of WS symptoms (WAT-1 ≥ 3) an opioid/benzodiazepine bolus was given and the DEX/placebo infusion-rate was increased.The primary outcome measure was the prevalence of WS. Secondary outcomes were the trend of WAT-1 over time, number of rescue doses, length of weaning and PICU-stay, and onset of adverse events (AEs).Forty-five patients were enrolled, of whom 5 dropped-out and 40 entered the interim analysis. There were no significant baseline differences between groups. WS prevalence did not significantly differ between groups (77.8% DEX vs 90.9% placebo, p = 0.381). By generalized linear mixed modeling, the WAT-1 trend showed a significant increase per unit of time in the DEX arm (estimate 0.27, CI 0.07-0.47, p = 0.009) compared to placebo. Most frequent AEs were hemodynamic, and all of them happened in the DEX arm.A continuous infusion of DEX, started 24 h before the analgosedation weaning and increased based on WS signs, was not able to significantly modify the prevalence of WS in children who received at least five days of opioids/benzodiazepines treatment compared to placebo.

The reaction $\gamma p \rightarrow K^{+} \Lambda(1520)$ using photoproduction data from the CLAS $g12$ experiment at Jefferson Lab is studied. The decay of $\Lambda(1520)$ into two exclusive channels, $\Sigma^{+}\pi^{-}$ and $\Sigma^{-}\pi^{+}$, is studied from the detected $K^{+}$, $\pi^{+}$, and $\pi^{-}$ particles. A good agreement is established for the $\Lambda(1520)$ differential cross sections with the previous CLAS measurements. The differential cross sections as a function of CM angle are extended to higher photon energies. Newly added are the differential cross sections as a function of invariant 4-momentum transfer $t$, which is the natural variable to use for a theoretical model based on a Regge-exchange reaction mechanism. No new $N^*$ resonances decaying into the $K^+\Lambda(1520)$ final state are found., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables

Il lavoro dapprima ripercorre l’evoluzione delle politiche della ricerca europee, evidenziando la dinamica degli orientamenti maturati nel corso del tempo. Successivamente focalizza il ruolo della cultura, del patrimonio culturale e della creatività nell’attuale programma quadro Horizon Europe, anche evidenziando le positive modifiche apportate rispetto ad Horizon 2020. Quindi, analizza gli strumenti europei per la ricerca su cultura, patrimonio culturale e creatività nella fase attuativa del programma quadro, evidenziando le potenzialità di ricerca e le opportunità per la comunità scientifica, imprenditoriale e istituzionale italiana. Il lavoro si conclude infine con alcune considerazioni orientate ad un rafforzamento del posizionamento dei temi culturali e creativi nelle politiche della ricerca europee. The paper starts with an overview of the evolution of the European research policies over the time. Then, it focuses on the role of culture, cultural heritage and creativity in the current framework programme Horizon Europe, also through a comparison with its predecessor Horizon 2020. That leads the way to the analysis of the European tools for research on culture, cultural heritage and creativity in the implementing work-programmes, pointing out their potential as well as the opportunities for the scientific, entrepreneurial and institutional community. Finally, the paper raises some considerations on the potential actions aimed at strengthening the role of culture, cultural heritage and creativity in the European research policies.

No abstract available

The relationship between institutional fragmentation and the spatial extent of cities in Europe���s functional urban areas is examined. European Union planning regulations vary across member states, but in most cases local authorities determine land use within the more general regulatory frameworks set by national or subnational authorities. More decentralized and fragmented settings may favour urban sprawl, allowing developers to avoid land-use restrictions in one municipality by moving to adjacent ones and providing incentives for municipalities to adopt less strict land-conversion regulations to attract households and workers. The empirical results fully support this hypothesis and unveil significant differences between small and large cities, the effect of governance fragmentation being a substantial factor in the latter case.

This paper is about monitoring people movements in Emilia-Romagna : the region of Italy in which our company, Lepida ScpA, is located. The unfortunate event of the 2020 pandemic triggered by the Covid-19 virus gave us the chance to exploit our BIGDATA infrastructure to provide information to the regional Public Administration (PA) in order to take strategic decisions to face the emergency. This goal actually corresponds to the aim with which we started last year to design and implement our infrastructure. Our monitoring project is grounded on our regional WiFi infrastructure. This WiFi access is provided for free to anyone and it is available in all major cities and municipalities over Emilia-Romagna. We describe the challenges we faced and the choices we made during the process and the final results we achieved.

To control the reproduction rate, R, and therefore to fight against the Covid-19 pandemic, countries have announced several measures We rely on a quasi-natural experimental approach and provide graphical evidence of the effectiveness of the widespread use of swabs testing in reducing the Covid infection rate among Italian provinces © 2021 The Author(s) Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

A gas turbine trip is an unplanned shutdown, of which the consequences are business interruption and a reduction of equipment remaining useful life. Therefore, detection and identification of symptoms of trips would allow predicting its occurrence, thus avoiding damages and costs. The development of machine learning models able to predict gas turbine trip requires the definition of a set of target data and a procedure of feature engineering that improves machine learning generalization and effectiveness. This paper presents a methodology that focuses on the steps that precede the development of a machine learning model, i.e., data selection and feature engineering, which are the key for a successful predictive model. Data selection is performed by partitioning units into homogeneous groups according to different criteria, e.g., type, region of installation, and operation. A subsequent matching algorithm is applied to rotational speed data of multiple gas turbine units to identify start-ups and shutdowns so that the considered units can be partitioned according to their operation, i.e., base load or peak load. Feature engineering aims at creating features that improve machine learning model accuracy and reliability. First, the Discrete Fourier Transform is used to identify and remove from the time series the seasonal components, i.e., patterns that repeat with a given periodicity. Then, new features are created based on gas turbine domain knowledge in order to capture the complex interactions among system variables and trip occurrence. The outcomes of this paper are the definition of a set of target examples and the identification of a meaningful set of features suitable to develop a machine learning model aimed at predicting gas turbine trip.

At present, the challenges related to energy market force gas turbine owners to improve the reliability and availability of gas turbine engines, especially in the ever competitive Oil and Gas sector. Gas turbine trip leads to business interruption and also reduces equipment remaining useful life. Thus, the identification of symptoms of trips allows the prediction of their occurrence and avoids further damages and costs. Gas turbine transients are tracked by gas turbine operators while they occur, but a database including the complete details of past events for many fleets of engines is not always available. Therefore, a methodology aimed at classifying transients into clusters that identify the type of event (e.g., normal shutdown or trip) is required. Clustering is a data mining technique that addresses the scope of partitioning multivariate time series (MTS) into a given number of homogeneous and separated groups. Thus, the multivariate time series belonging to the same cluster are expected to be very similar to each other. This paper presents a structured methodology composed of a subsequent matching algorithm, a featured-based clustering approach exploiting the unsupervised fuzzy C-means algorithm and a procedure that assigns a label to each cluster for classification purposes. The methodology is applied to a real-word case-study that includes transients acquired from a fleet of Siemens gas turbines in operation during 3 years. The results obtained by using heterogeneous datasets including six measured variables allowed values of Precision, Recall and Accuracy higher than 90% in almost all cases.

La tesis está centrada en evidenciar las dificultades de orden económico por las que atraviesa el pueblo indígena Uitoto en Florencia, Caquetá, y en señalar cuáles son sus causas, que tienen que ver con una normativa deficiente en lo que tiene que ver con el principio de autonomía indígena y con problemas de ineficacia, también las barreras de los entes territoriales en la conservación de los pueblos indígenas. The thesis is focused on highlighting the economic difficulties that the Uitoto indigenous people are going through in Florencia, Caquetá, and on pointing out what their causes are, which have to do with deficient regulations regarding the principle of indigenous autonomy and with problems of inefficiency, also the barriers of territorial entities in the conservation of indigenous peoples. Maestría Magíster en Derecho del Estado con Énfasis en Derecho Administrativo

Among the data center services that Lepida ScpA offers to the Public Administrations (PAs) of Emilia-Romagna Region, there is the Storage As A Service; in particular, a growing number of PAs is asking for NAS to use for file systems joined to their domain, that we erogate over shared hardware. However, on the storage in our possession only a storage administrator user has the permissions to manage the quotas on the shares; but a storage administrator, on the other hand, would see all the shares of the different PAs that have been allocated on that physical storage. We therefore decided to develop a layer capable of decoupling the users who could access the storage from the permissions necessary for managing the quotas, in order to allow each individual PA to manage independently the quota trees on their own shares; in this paper we describe the solution we have devised and implemented.

This paper focuses on our novel web application aimed to tackle a specific company need. Essentially, we need to verify whether the available bandwidth between any node over the Lepida ScpA Regional fiber optics network corresponds to active contractual obligations signed by local network operators. This is the key factor that must be quickly addressed in order to provide a high quality service. Before the introduction of our tool, this process has been carried out manually and it was highly time consuming. This tool is grounded on a previous work in which we developed the basic techniques that crystallized in a first prototype implementation. Here instead, we discuss our production application which significantly reduced the time required to calculate the available band and adopted an improved algorithm capable of dealing with complex topological scenarios which could not be address by the previous approach.

European historical city centers are particularly prone to natural disasters. This is due to the fragility of structures that often times do not comply with seismic codes; the high constructions’ density that causes induced damage; and the historical relevance of buildings that makes difficult the enacting of mitigation strategies. In Italy, major earthquake caused extensive damages over the last century. Seismic events have a huge impact on the Nation’s economy growth due to direct and indirect impacts, such as for example the high reconstruction costs or the business interruption spread out over a long period, respectively. In addition, the duration of recovery can affect the population wellbeing and cause permanent displacement. For this reason, the preventive planning of disaster management strategies are crucial to mitigate the damage and enhance resilience. Proposed strategies have to be effective and economically sustainable. In this paper, two towns affected by the 2012 Northern Italy Earthquake are chosen to analyze the reconstruction process. Using information published on the town journal, relevant aspects of the community resilience are highlighted. In particular, the housing recovery, i.e. the return of displaced people to a permanent housing solution is investigated. Then, a suite of seismic mitigation strategies is proposed for both cities, taking into account the peculiarity of the built environment and the damage distribution available thanks to the post-event buildings’ inspection. The effectiveness of the proposed strategies is assessed through a cost-benefit analysis, highlighting optimal solutions to reduce the economic and social losses. This work was supported by the FAR funding of the University of Ferrara, 2015, “Historical Centers Livable and Sustainable” (HC-LIVE)” and by the scholarship of the University “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 2019, “Risk Assessment of the Built Heritage at the Urban Scale” (Ref. Num. 0002299). The fourth Author would like to acknowledge the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU) of the Spanish Government, the State Agency of Research (AEI), and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the SEVERUS project (Multilevel evaluation of seismic vulnerability and risk mitigation of masonry buildings in resilient historical urban centres, Ref. Num. RTI2018-099589-B-I00). Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles::11.4 - Redoblar els esforços per a protegir i salvaguardar el patrimoni cultural i natural del món Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al Clima Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al Clima::13.1 - Enfortir la resiliència i la capacitat d’adaptació als riscos relacionats amb el clima i els desastres naturals a tots els països

A safe lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery employs a composite polymer electrolyte based on a poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDME) solid at room temperature. The electrolyte membrane enables a stable and reversible Li-S electrochemical process already at 50{\deg}C, with low resistance at the electrode/electrolyte interphase and fast Li+ transport. The relatively low molecular weight of the PEGDME and the optimal membrane composition in terms of salts and ceramic allow a liquid-like Li-S conversion reaction by heating at moderately high temperature, still holding the solid-like polymer state of the cell. Therefore, the electrochemical reaction of the polymer Li-S cell is characterized by the typical dissolution of lithium polysulfides into the electrolyte medium during discharge and the subsequent deposition of sulfur at the electrode/electrolyte interphase during charge. On the other hand, the remarkable thermal stability of the composite polymer electrolyte (up to 300{\deg}C) suggests a lithium-metal battery with safety content significantly higher than that using the common, flammable liquid solutions. Hence, the Li-S polymer battery delivers at 50{\deg}C and 2 V a stable capacity approaching 700 mAhgS-1, with a steady-state coulombic efficiency of 98%. These results suggest a novel, alternative approach to achieve safe, high energy batteries with solid polymer configuration.

© 2022 The Authors, The purpose of the present paper is to disentangle the mechanisms that connect climate change-induced disasters, inequality and vulnerability by accounting for both directions of causality. We do so by means of a simultaneous equations approach on a panel of 149 countries from 1992 to 2018. The empirical analysis reveals that countries with higher levels of income inequality suffer greater damages when hit by a natural disaster. At the same time, inequality is found to increase the number of people affected by disasters. Our analysis discloses the existence of a vicious cycle that keeps some countries stuck in a disasters-inequality trap., FC and VC acknowledge the financial support of the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MIUR), Scientific Research Program of National Relevance PRIN2017 project “Innovation for global challenges in a connected world: the role of local resources and socio-economic conditions”. DC acknowledges the financial support of the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad ‘Programa Estatal de I+D+i Orientada a los Retos de la Q2 Sociedad, 2017ʹ (ECO2017-86976-R).

The elderly might differ from the general population when facing surgery, due to their lack of reserve, comorbidities, and other frailty conditions. This is also related to the emergency abdominal surgery. Considering that almost half of all emergency surgical procedures are performed in the elderly and given the increasing aging population, an analysis of the implications of the economic burden of emergency abdominal surgery in the elderly needs to be undertaken. To this regard, both direct and indirect costs that may emerge when the focus is on this specific group of patients are considered. Through a narrative literature review, this chapter aims at identifying the economic consequences of emergency abdominal surgery in the elderly given the conventional procedures and the laparoscopy. The finding will shade lights on the role of the laparoscopy procedure and will contribute to raise the awareness about the need to undertake dedicated actions from the health professionals’ perspective as well as from the hospital managers’ one.

This paper contributes to the literature by proposing that regions have to develop dynamic capabilities in order to successfully adapt to big disruption such as Industry 4.0. It explores both the s...

Lack of public funding and environmental deterioration are promoting the search for innovative mechanisms enabling to boost farmers’ provision of agri-environmental climate public goods. This work aims to contribute to the current debate by highlighting the role of innovative contractual solutions through a systematic review of more than 60 articles. The review analyses the potential of result-based and collective contracts as innovative solutions compared to action-based instruments, which are those currently most used. The design of innovative contracts and other mechanisms, e.g., auction and screening contracts, can reduce the policy failures due to asymmetric information. The paper emphasises the trade-off between an accurate design of agri-environmental schemes and the related administrative burden, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the role of mechanisms design into the policy cycle. Some new instruments were not analysed in the review, due to the scarcity of literature, and there is the need of more case studies providing information on the effectiveness of instruments when implemented in different contexts. We fill the gap in empirical evidence through a SWOT analysis that evaluates the effectiveness and acceptability of innovative instruments for policy purposes.