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The unit cell of nylon 4,6 was studied with WAXS and was found to be trlclinic, a=4.9, b=5.5, c=14.8 A, α=46, β=78, γ=64 degrees and ρc=1.28 g/cm-3. The long periods were studied with SAXS and correlated with the melting temperatures of the samples. Extrapolating results to infinitely large lamella the T°m was found to be 350°C, the ΔHf 210 J/g and the fold surface free energy 75 erg/cm2.

Many private emergency medical service operators are discontinuing ambulance service, which the public sector then is forced to provide. Because of the high cost of providing emergency medical service, a large subsidy often is required which the public sector in many rural areas, already under severe financial stress, cannot afford. To assist in solving this problem, Oklahoma legislators passed a law in 1976 which allows the formation of special emergency medical service districts. The usual procedure is for a district to be established along county lines. If the voters in the district approve support for an emergency medical service system, the district collects up to 3 mills annually from property owners to support the system. By October 1, 1977, voters of three counties in Oklahoma had approved creation of special emergency medical service districts. In addition, leaders of several other counties are discussing the issue and probably will take advantage of the enabling legislation.

The economy of rural Oklahoma is based on oil, gas, and agriculture, and income om thes sectors of the economy has varied widely during the 1980's. Revenue for tax-supported local government and school systems in rural areas is vulnerable to those same fluctuations. This study reviews the sources and level of revenue for cities, counties, and schools in 36 rural Oklahoma counties from 1981 to 1986 and compares revenue with inflation. In most cases, revenues kept up with, or exceeded, inflation during the study period. Exceptions were a general decline in Federal sources of revenue and an increase in county revenue from the State at less than the inflation rate.

De totale produktiewaarde van de Franse schapenhouderij is ruim 3 miljard Franse francs per jaar. De vleesproduktie maakt daarvan 87% uit. De produktie schapevlees is 147 000 ton. Jaarlijks wordt ongeveer 50 000 ton geimporteerd waarvan 13 000 ton uit Nederland. In tegenstelling tot de Nederlandse schapenhouderij gebruikt men in Frankrijk een veelheid van rassen, die in de volgende vijf categorien kunnen worden ingedeeld: regionale rassen, vroegrijpe rassen, merino's, melkrassen en weiderassen. Op de negen bezochte bedrijven namen de schapen in het algemeen een ruime plaats in. De totale arbeidsbezetting op de bedrijven varieerde van 2 tot 8 personen. In vrijwel alle gevallen werden de schapen steeds door dezelfde personen verzorgd. Omdat men in Frankrijk ruime keus in rassen heeft kan men gemakkelijk een ras kiezen dat qua arbeidsbehoefte, voeding enzovoorts het beste past in een bepaalde bedrijfssituatie. In grote lijnen maakt men in Noord-Frankrijk onderscheid tussen dieren die het hele jaar binnen worden gehouden en dieren die voornamelijk geweid worden. Er heerste grote onrust onder de Franse schapenboeren omdat de opbrengstprijzen al lager waren dan in vorige jaren en verdere prijsdaling werd verwacht. Met name de kleinere (schapen) bedrijven in Noord-Frankrijk, waar de schapen het grootste deel van het jaar werden geweid, zullen de inkomens na prijsdaling sterk omlaag gaan. Het grote probleem is dat men zeer weinig alternatieven heeft. In andere delen van Frankrijk ligt de situatie geheel anders. In grote delen van het land is het houden van schapen vaak de enig mogelijke vorm van landbouw. Een verdere prijsdaling van schapevlees betekent hier dat ook deze vorm van landbouw mogelijk gaat verdwijnen waardoor de ontvolking van het platteland wordt versneld en een volkomen verwaarloosd landschap zal achterblijven. Dit is een van de belangrijkste redenen voor de Franse regering om bij de EEG-onderhandelingen voet bij stuk te houden om een redelijk inkomensniveau

Rural areas and small towns are facing new challenges as their economies grow and develop. The population influx to nonmetropolitan areas has brought new and increasing demands for community services. Preliminary 1980 census figures indicate that nonmetropolitan counties increased by about 15 percent, whereas metropolitan counties increased by about 9 percent from 1970 to 1980 (Beale).

• A major concern of urban and rural citizens of the United States is the availability of adequate pediatric health care in their community. Community leaders attempting to recruit health care providers and pediatricians considering locating their practice in a specific community need a method by which they can evaluate a community's potential for supporting a new primary care practice. A detailed survey was conducted in early 1988 of pediatric practices geographically dispersed throughout the state of Oklahoma. Data collected from the physicians and their administrative staff reflected the volume of office and hospital visits and practice costs over the prior 12 months. Using the capital costs and direct operating cost data with information obtained on the number of patient visits arid revenue generated collected in this survey, we designed a model to project the economic feasibility of establishing a pediatric practice in a specific community. This model can be used to project the number of annual pediatric primary care visits a community can generate, the direct and indirect costs to establish and maintain a clinic, and the gross revenue and net income of the practice. (AJDC. 1989;143:919-923)

Technological changes, an increase in demand for quality community services, and environmental controls have created conditions of continual change in. the delivery of rural services. This report summarizes economic theory on community services, reviews literature, and identifies research issues. Current research on budgets for community services and facilities and on the production, or delivery, function are identified as high-priority issues. Also, the crucial topic of extending research findings to the final user is discussed.

Programmeringsstudies omtrent de specifieke problemen op schapenbedrijven in bedrijfseconomisch opzicht en de mate van concurrentie van verschillende bedrijfssystemen

A kinetic model for the rheological behavior of polymeric systems, i.e. the Berkeley kinetic network model, is compared with a generalized transient-network model. It turns out that the Berkeley kinetic network model fits quite well in the framework of the transient-network model. From the point of view of the latter model, however, a number of parameters introduced in the kinetic-network model are not independent constants as was supposed. Since the generalized transientnetwork model is totally based on microscopic assumptions, the parameters in this theory reveal information about the structure, whereas the physical interpretation of the parameters in the kinetic model is vague. Stress predictions of the generalized transient-network model agree with experimental data from a 4 percent solution of polystyrene in arochlor, obtained from literature.

This study is intended to develop a plant-location model capable of explaining factors associated with plant location by community size and industrial mix in Oklahoma from 1963 through 1971. Attempts to analyze and measure the relative significance of various factors on industrial location have resulted in a voluminous literature which reflects a variety of approaches to the problem.

The number of employed health care personnel in an area is the combined result of factors affecting both demand and supply for health care personnel. When service areas are compared, differences between each area's number of health care personnel are related to differences in health facilities' ability and desire to attract these persons.At any point in time, the potential supply of health care personnel is fixed. The choice facing this segment of the labor force is between alternative locations or non-participation. The location decision is a function of salary, working conditions and such non-working conditions as cost of living in the community, schools, cultural opportunities, employment opportunities for other family members and general amenities associated with a community.

A budget analysis was developed which would aid in the evaluation of proposed rental apartments in rural areas. The analysis used average construction and operating costs computed from data obtained from FmHA on existing rural rental units in western Oklahoma. Average construction costs per apartment were found to be $12,711 and $11,634 for a fourplex and low-rise structure, respectively. Average annual operating expenses were $463 and $438 per apartment, respectively without utilities furnished. Furnishing utilities added approximately $400 per apartment to annual operating costs. These average costs are used in the budget analysis to estimate required capital and operating expenses. Accounting profits are estimated by subtracting expenses from estimated receipts. Alternative apartment sizes, types of structure, and rental rates are evaluated using the budget analysis. Blank budget forms are provided. Managerial strategies of existing rural rental apartments and guidelines for measuring demand are discussed.

Multicounty development districts or planning organizations contribute to rural development by providing services and expertise usually available to large cities but beyond the financial and technical/professional resources of small towns and rural areas. Ten organizations in Missouri, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, and South Dakota were studied to determine their structure, funding, functions, and services performed. Their responsibilities fall mainly into three categories--planning, clearinghouse responsibilities, and technical assistance. Membership in all but one unit, which was formed for a specific purpose, covered 4-10 counties each. An increasingly important function of these organizations is providing clearinghouse services related to applications for Federal cost-share funds for planning and development. Such a procedure allows State, regional, and local agencies to study the proposals and raise questions or objections. In this way, duplicating, conflicting, or overlapping projects can be eliminated or changed as needed.

Decision makers face two opposing forces in the provision of emergency services. Their constituency wants more and better services, but financial considerations limit the quantity and quality of services provided. This classic economic confrontation requires a decision based on the trade-offs between the benefits of protection provided by additional services and the cost of providing these services. Such a decision is needed for ambulance service, fire protection, and law enforcement.

Impact models are tools developed by economists, sociologists and other scientists to assist communities in anticipating growth and decline. The objectives of this paper are to present three impact models developed for use in community decision-making, and analyze the models in terms of methodology, application, appropriate use, and other relevant issues related to model development.

In 1969, 221 funeral home businesses provided ambulance service in Oklahoma; by 1973, the number had declined to 124, a 44 percent decrease. Faced with rising labor and equipment costs, funeral home operators chose to discontinue the service. The study area for this report consisted of eight counties in northwest Oklahoma, the socio-economic data being applied to Alfalfa County specifically. A procedure to estimate receipts for Emergency Medical Service (EMS) was designed from the supplied data. Expenses were based on a consideration of each major component comprising an EMS system. These are (1) ambulances, (2) life-saving equipment, (3) technicians with special training, (4) two-way radio communications, and (5) interfacing with the hospital emergency room. With selected assumptions, estimated receipts and expenses were formulated for Alfalfa County, Oklahoma. Four alternative EMS systems were evaluated. The procedures for estimating receipts and expenses were generalized in forms which leaders can adapt to their respective situations. Thus, these forms provide a basis for a self-applied feasibility study for EMS.

Excerpt from the report Summary: Data and easy-to-use procedures are presented to help local decisionmakers analyze alternative rural fire protection systems. Data are based on a ten-county area of northwestern Oklahoma and an example, using the procedure, is worked out for Ames, Oklahoma. The example demonstrated that Ames can expect 19 fires a year with an average firefighting system cost of $289 per fire. Applicable throughout most of the Great Plains, the procedure is also useful in other U.S. regions where conditions are similar. Blank forms are furnished to help decisionmakers estimate level of fire protection needed, capital and operating costs, and yearly costs. Alternative financial arrangements, training, and regulations are discussed.

Proceedings of the Western Farm Economics Association Fortieth Annual Meeting, Las Cruses, NM, July 19-21, 1967

Over het voorkomen van Thysanoptera in Nederland handelen, afgezien van eenige korte mededeelingen in het Tijdschrift voor Entomologie en de Entomologische Berichten, alleen twee werken van R. van Eecke: „Eerste Bijdrage tot de kennis der Nederlandsche Thysanoptera", Haarlem, 1922 en het deeltje „Thysanoptera" in Fauna van Nederland, Aflevering V, Leiden, 1931. Na het verschijnen van het deel in de „Fauna" is niets meer gepubliceerd over vondsten van Thysanoptera in Nederland. Volgens Van Eecke (1922, p. 6) waren in 1916 en in 1917 reeds 22 soorten voor Nederland bekend. In 1922 en 1931 steeg het aantal tot respectievelijk 37 en 44. De schatting van ongeveer 90 soorten, in 1922 door Van Eecke gemaakt, zal eerder aan den lagen kant dan overdreven zijn. Indien slechts op vele plaatsen regelmatig zou worden verzameld, zouden wij in korten tijd meer inzicht in de Thysanoptera-fauna van ons land kunnen krijgen. In de nu opgestelde lijst is aan de reeds door Van Eecke (1931) opgegeven soorten een aantal nieuwe vormen voor de fauna toegevoegd, welke gedeeltelijk afkomstig zijn uit het materiaal van het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden, dat mij bereidwillig ter onderzoek werd afgestaan. Voor een groot gedeelte zijn de nieuwe soorten echter gedurende de laatste maanden in de omgeving van Wageningen verzameld. Behalve van de met een * gemerkte nummers zijn van alle Nederlandsche Thysanoptera praeparaten in het Leidsche Museum aanwezig. Waar mogelijk, is in onderstaande lijst bij de nieuw toegevoegde

In order to adequately appraise a district's potential for economic growth and development, it is important to know as much as possible about the economic structure of the particular district under analysis. Recent input-output analysis research conducted for the state of Oklahoma provided an examination of the economic base of the state, but this examination proved inadequate when considering the economic structure of the districts within the state.The Oklahoma model provided an “average” or “aggregate” description of the various economic structures found in the state.

The morphology of a wide range of Thysanoptera, including both primitive and highly specialised species, was described.It proved possible to find lines of development in the great diversity of forms and the homology of specialized structures such as mouth parts and wing veins could be ascertained.Structural details of the external sex organs and legs, partly overlooked by earlier workers, were described and their importance made clear.From the morphological studies, a slightly altered taxonomic system was devised.

The Agricultural Act of 1970 embodies a new approach to supply adjustment policy, swinging away from acreage allotment and diversion provisions of the previous Act. Employing a “set-aside” provision, cotton, feed grains or wheat land is diverted, or set aside, in order that producers may become eligible for support payments. The allotment no longer serves as an upper limit on the permitted acreage of these crops nor, cotton excepted, is planting of a specific crop necessary for a producer to become eligible for price support benefits. Flexibilities have been written into the program whereby the Secretary may make participation more or less attractive to the producer in accordance with needs.

Proceedings of the Western Agricultural Economics Association Forty-forth Annual Meeting, Squaw Valley, ID, July 25-27, 1971