251. Proteolytic action of thrombin is required for electrical activity-dependent synapse reduction.
- Author
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Liu Y, Fields RD, Festoff BW, and Nelson PG
- Subjects
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Aprotinin pharmacology, Calpain antagonists & inhibitors, Carrier Proteins pharmacology, Cell Communication, Cells, Cultured, Cystatins pharmacology, Electric Stimulation, Hirudins pharmacology, Humans, Mice, Nerve Growth Factors pharmacology, Neuromuscular Junction drug effects, Neurons drug effects, Protease Nexins, Receptors, Cell Surface, Receptors, Cholinergic physiology, Recombinant Proteins pharmacology, Synapses drug effects, Thrombin antagonists & inhibitors, Cerebral Cortex physiology, Muscles physiology, Neurites physiology, Neuromuscular Junction physiology, Neurons physiology, Superior Cervical Ganglion physiology, Synapses physiology, Thrombin metabolism
- Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of activity-dependent synapse reduction were studied in an in vitro mammalian neuromuscular preparation. Synapse reduction in this model is activity-dependent and is substantially reduced by the broad-spectrum protease inhibitor, leupeptin, suggesting the role of activity-dependent proteolytic action in the process. Our present experiments show that a potent and specific thrombin inhibitor, hirudin, at nanomolar concentration completely blocked the activity-dependent synapse reduction. Furthermore, a naturally occurring serine protease inhibitor, protease nexin I (PNI), which closely colocalizes with acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, inhibited the synapse reduction at the same low concentration. In contrast, neither cystatin, a cysteine protease inhibitor, nor aprotinin, a serine protease inhibitor that does not inhibit thrombin, blocked the synapse reduction. Similarly, neither of the inhibitors of the calcium-activated proteases calpain I and II prevented the reduction of synapses. These results strongly suggest that serine proteolytic action by thrombin or thrombin-like molecules is required for synapse reduction in our in vitro model of the mammalian neuromuscular junction.
- Published
- 1994
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