Descriptor: "Cosmic vision" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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398 results on '"Cosmic vision"'

251. An alternative architecture for the PLATO Mission

Author: Shan Mignot, Philippe Laporte, and G. Fasola
Subjects: Physics, Data processing, Cosmic Vision, Payload, business.industry, Pipeline (computing), Real-time computing, Exoplanet, law.invention, Telescope, Photometry (astronomy), Software, law, business, Remote sensing
Abstract: PlaTO (Planetary Transits and Oscillations of stars) is one of the class M missions proposed to ESA for the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 program. It aims to find exoplanets by the transit method and to understand the hosting stars by measuring their oscillations (asterosismology). The same wide field of view of about 1,800 deg 2 will be observed during 3 years to achieve high precision photometry for a large number of stars (> 250,000). 42 telescopes, each one having 4 CCDs of 3584 x 3584 pixels will be read every 25 seconds generating a huge amount of data which cannot be downloaded to Earth and represents a challenge for the classical software-based data processing solutions. We present in this paper an alternative architecture based on FPGAs for the payload of the PlaTO satellite. The capabilities of the FPGA allows to treat tens of megabits per second through a pipeline driven by the pixel arrivals so that no buffering nor high speed clocks are required. This allows for treating multiple telescopes with a single FPGA and drastically reduce the mass and power budgets. The software resources can then be used to perform complex processing. Our alternative concept thus achieves precision at the theoretical limit together with major system-level improvements on the satellite. It opens the opportunity to achieve the science requirements with a comfortable margin of about 20% or to observe more stars.
Published: 2010

252. The PLATO opto-mechanical unit prototyping and AIV phase

Author: Carmelo Arcidiacono, Emanuele Pace, Giampaolo Piotto, Salvatore Scuderi, Matteo Munari, Marco Dima, C. Catala, G. Gentile, Willy Benz, Demetrio Magrin, Valentina Viotto, Mauro Ghigo, Roberto Ragazzoni, Lisa Gambicorti, Stefano Basso, Daniele Piazza, Isabella Pagano, and Jacopo Farinato
Subjects: Physics, Cosmic Vision, Pixel, Payload, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Phase (waves), Exoplanet, law.invention, Telescope, Stars, Optics, law, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Aerospace engineering, business, Transit (satellite)
Abstract: PLATO is the acronym of PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars, and it is a mission proposed for the ESA Cosmic Vision program in the Medium size program, with the target to detect and characterize exoplanets by the means of their transit on a bright star. The instrumental overall layout proposed by the Plato Payload Consortium consists in a multitelescope concept instrument, composed by several tens of telescope units, for which we are developing an all refractive optical solution. These devices are characterized by a very large Field of View (more than 20 degrees on one side) with an optical quality that fits most of the energy into a single CCD pixel. Such a goal can be achieved in a variety of solutions, some including aspheric elements as well. A complete prototype of one telescope unit is foreseen to be built initially (during phase B1) to show the alignment feasibility and, only in a second moment (Phase B2), to perform full environmental and functional test. The aim of this article is to describe the alignment, integration and verification strategy of the opto-mechanics of the prototype. Both the approaches of testing the telescope at the target working temperature or to test it at ambient temperature around a displaced zero point, taking into account the effects of thermal deformations, are considered and briefly sketched in this work.
Published: 2010

253. The Euclid near-infrared calibration source

Author: Peter Bizenberger, Rory Holmes, Adrian M. Glauser, M. Schweitzer, and Oliver Krause
Subjects: Physics, Spectralon, Cosmic Vision, Channel (digital image), business.industry, Dark matter, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Photometer, law.invention, Optics, Cardinal point, law, Shutter, business
Abstract: The Euclid dark energy mission is currently competing in ESA's Cosmic Vision program. Its imaging instrument, which has one visible and one infrared channel, will survey the entire extragalactic sky during the 5 year mission. The near-infrared imaging photometer (NIP) channel, operating in the ~0.92 - 2.0 μm spectral range, will be used in conjunction with the visible imaging channel (VIS) to constrain the nature of dark energy and dark matter. To meet the stringent overall photometric requirement, the NIP channel requires a dedicated on-board flat-field source to calibrate the large, 18 detector focal plane. In the baseline concept a 170 mm Spectralon diffuser plate, mounted to a pre-existing shutter mechanism outside the channel, is used as a flat-field calibration target, negating the need for an additional single-point-failure mechanism. The 117 × 230 mm focal plane will therefore be illuminated through all of the channel's optical elements and will allow flat-field measurements to be taken in all wavelength bands. A ring of low power tungsten lamps, with custom reflecting elements optimized for optical performance, will be used to illuminate the diffuser plate. This paper details the end-to-end optical simulations of this concept, a potential mechanical implementation and the initial tests of the proposed key components.
Published: 2010

254. Payload study activities on the International X-ray Observatory

Author: Marcos Bavdaz, Peter Verhoeve, Didier D. E. Martin, Philippe Gondoin, G. Saavedra, Nicola Rando, T. Oosterbroek, L. Puig, and David H. Lumb
Subjects: Physics, Telescope, Cosmic Vision, Silicon drift detector, Spectrometer, Observatory, Payload, Aperture, law, International X-ray Observatory, Remote sensing, law.invention
Abstract: The International X-ray Observatory (IXO) is an L class mission candidate within the science programme Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 of the European Space Agency, with a planned launch by 2020. IXO is an international cooperative project, pursued by ESA, JAXA and NASA. By allowing astrophysical observations between 100 eV and 40 keV using a very large effective collecting area mirror and state-of-the art instruments, IXO would represent the new generation X-ray observatory, following the XMM-Newton, Astro-H and Chandra heritage. The IXO mission concept is based on a single aperture telescope with an external diameter of about 3.5 m and a focal length of 20 m. The focal plane consists of a fixed and a moveable instrument platform (FIP and MIP respectively). The model payload consists of a suite of five instruments which can each be located at the telescope's focus by the MIP, these are: 1. a wide field imager (WFI) based on a silicon DEPFET array; 2. a Hard-X-ray Imager (HXI), which will be integrated together with the WFI; 3. an X-ray microcalorimeter spectrometer (XMS); 4. an X-ray Polarimeter camera (X-POL) based on a gas cell with integrated anode array; 5. a High-Time Resolution Spectrometer (HTRS) based on a silicon drift detector array. In addition, the FIP will carry a grating spectrometer (XGS) mounted in a fixed position and which will allow simultaneous observations with the on-axis instrument. This paper provides a summary of the preliminary results achieved during the assessment activities presently ongoing at ESA. Whereas we will provide a brief overview on the overall spacecraft design, we will focus on the payload description, characteristics, the technology used and the accommodation on the instrument platform.
Published: 2010

255. PLATO: detailed design of the telescope optical units

Author: Isabella Pagano, Lisa Gambicorti, Giampaolo Piotto, Matteo Munari, C. Catala, Emanuele Pace, Roberto Ragazzoni, Daniele Piazza, W. Zima, Carmelo Arcidiacono, Marco Dima, G. Gentile, Stefano Basso, Salvatore Scuderi, Mauro Ghigo, Valentina Viotto, Jacopo Farinato, and Demetrio Magrin
Subjects: Physics, Solar System, Cosmic Vision, Payload, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Planetary system, law.invention, Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, law, Planet, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Circumstellar habitable zone
Abstract: The project PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO) is one of the three medium class (M class) missions selected in 2010 for definition study in the framework of the ESA Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 program. The main scientific goals of PLATO are the i) discovery and study of extra-solar planetary systems, (including those hosting Earth-like planets in their habitable zone) by means of planetary transits detection from space and radial velocity follow-up from ground, and ii) the characterization of the hosting stars through seismic analysis, in order to determine with high accuracy planetary masses and ages. According to the study made by the PLATO Payload Consortium (PPLC) during the PLATO assessment phase, the scientific payload consists of 34 all refractive telescopes having small aperture (120 mm) and wide field of view (greater than 1000 degree2) observing over 0.5-1 micron wavelength band. The telescopes are mounted on a common optical bench and are divided in four families with an overlapping line-of-sight in order to maximize the science return. In this paper, we will describe the detailed design of the Telescope Optical Units (TOUs) focusing on the selected optical configuration and the expected performances.
Published: 2010

256. NIP: the near infrared imaging photometer for Euclid

Author: Olivier Boulade, Eli Atad-Ettedgui, Suresh Seshadri, M. Schweitzer, Hans-Walter Rix, Jérôme Amiaux, Frank Eisenhauer, Simon J. Lilly, Jason Rhodes, Alexandre Refregier, Reiner Hofmann, Christophe Cara, Oliver Krause, Christopher Kuehl, Reinhard O. Katterloher, Adam Amara, Roberto P. Saglia, J.-L. Auguères, Rory Holmes, Ludovic Duvet, Parker Fagrelius, Ralf Bender, Anna-Maria Di Giorgio, Mohsin Syed, and Jeff Booth
Subjects: Physics, Cosmic Vision, Galactic astronomy, media_common.quotation_subject, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Field of view, Photometer, Astrophysics, law.invention, Photometry (optics), law, Sky, Weak gravitational lensing, media_common
Abstract: The NIP is a near infrared imaging photometer that is currently under investigation for the Euclid space mission in context of ESA's 2015 Cosmic Vision program. Together with the visible camera (VIS) it will form the basis of the weak lensing measurements for Euclid. The NIP channel will perform photometric imaging in 3 near infrared bands (Y, J, H) covering a wavelength range from ~ 0.9 to 2 μm over a field of view (FoV) of ~ 0.5 deg 2 . With the required limiting point source magnitude of 24 mAB (5 sigma) the NIP channel will be used to determine the photometric redshifts of over 2 billion galaxies collected over a wide survey area of 20 000 deg 2 . In addition to the photometric measurements, the NIP channel will deliver unique near infrared (NIR) imaging data over the entire extragalactic sky, enabling a wide variety of ancillary astrophysical and cosmological studies. In this paper we will present the results of the study carried out by the Euclid Imaging Consortium (EIC) during the Euclid assessment phase.
Published: 2010

257. The ground support equipment for the E-NIS instrument on-board the ESA-Euclid Dark Energy Mission in the baseline configuration presented in phase A

Author: Andrea Cimatti, Filippo Maria Zerbi, Andrea Bulgarelli, M. Trifoglio, Luciano Nicastro, Luca Valenziano, Fulvio Gianotti, E. Franceschi, Oschmann, Jacobus M., Jr., de Graauw, Mattheus W. MJacobus M. Oschmann, Trifoglio Massimo, Gianotti Fulvio, Bulgarelli Andrea, Franceschi Enrico, Nicastro Luciano, Valenziano Luca, Zerbi Filippo Maria, and Cimatti A.
Subjects: instrumentation, Physics, Scientific instrument, Ground support equipment, Cosmic Vision, Field of view, space, law.invention, Telescope, Primary mirror, Cardinal point, Conceptual design, law, galaxies, Remote sensing
Abstract: Euclid is a high-precision survey mission to map the geometry of the Dark Universe. The Euclid Mission concept presented in the Assessment Phase Study Report 1 was selected by ESA on February 2010 to undergo a competitive Definition Phase. Euclid is a candidate for launch in the first slice of the Cosmic Vision Plan (M1/M2), with a possible launch date of 2018. In this paper we refer to the instrument baseline configuration identified in the Assessment Phase. It consisted of a Korsch telescope with a primary mirror of 1.2 m diameter and a focal plane hosting 3 scientific instruments, each with a field of view of 0.5 deg 2 : (1) E-VIS: a CCD based optical imaging channel, (2) E-NIP: a NIR imaging photometry channel, and (3) E-NIS: a NIR slitless spectral channel. We present the conceptual design developed in the Assessment Phase study for the Ground Support Equipment required to support the assembly, integration and verification operations at instrument level for the E-NIS baseline configuration, with particular regards to the scientific and calibration activities.
Published: 2010

258. Opto-mechanical design of a DMD multislit spectrograph for the ESA Euclid Mission

Author: A. Cimatti, Frederic Zamkotsian, Luca Valenziano, Filippo Maria Zerbi, Robert Grange, Laurent Martin, Tony Pamplona, O. Le Fevre, Jacobus M. Oschmann, Jr., Mark C. Clampin, Howard A. MacEwen, Grange R., Zamkotsian F., Martin L., Pamplona T., Le Fevre O., Valenziano L., Zerbi F. M., and Cimatti A.
Subjects: instrumentation, Physics, Cosmic Vision, Galactic astronomy, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Context (language use), space, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Digital micromirror device, law.invention, Grism, Optics, law, galaxies, Dark energy, Baryon acoustic oscillations, business, Spectrograph
Abstract: The Euclid mission proposed in the context of the ESA Cosmic Vision program is aimed to study the challenging problem of the Dark Energy, responsible of the acceleration of the Universe. One of the three probes of Euclid is dedicated to study the Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations by means of spectroscopic observations of millions of galaxies in the Near Infrared. One option for the Euclid Near Infrared Spectrograph (ENIS) is a multi-slit approach based on Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) used as reconfigurable slit mask. The Texas Instrument 2048*1080 DMD with 13.68 micrometers pitch has been chosen. ENIS optical design is composed of four arms each using one DMD to cover a total FOV of 0.48 square degree. The fore-optic design has to cope with the difficult task of having simultaneously a fast beam (F/2.7) and a quasi-diffraction limited image on a 24 deg tilted plane. The compact three mirrors spectrograph is using a grism in convergent beam for simplicity and compactness purposes. From the optical design, the mechanical structure is based on a common carbon honeycomb bench to reach the challenging requirements of volume and mass.
Published: 2010

259. The next-generation space infrared astronomy mission SPICA

Author: Takao Nakagawa
Subjects: Physics, Infrared astronomy, Cosmic Vision, Infrared telescope, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Spica, Cosmology, law.invention, Telescope, Planet, law, High spatial resolution, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: SPICA (Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics) is an astronomical mission optimized for mid- and far-infrared astronomy with a cryogenically cooled 3-m class (3.2 m in the current design) telescope. Its high spatial resolution and unprecedented sensitivity in the mid- and far-infrared will enable us to address a number of key problems in present-day astronomy, ranging from the star-formation history of the universe to the formation of planets. To reduce the mass of the whole mission, SPICA will be launched at ambient temperature and cooled down on orbit by mechanical coolers on board with an efficient radiative cooling system, a combination of which allows us to have a 3-m class cooled (6 K) telescope in space with moderate total weight (3.7t). SPICA is proposed as a Japanese-led mission together with extensive international collaboration. The most important international partner is ESA. The assessment study on the European contribution to the SPICA project has started under the framework of the ESA Cosmic Vision 2015-2025. US and Korean participations are also being discussed extensively. The target launch year of SPICA is FY2018.
Published: 2010

260. Definition phase activities for ESA's Cosmic Vision mission PLATO

Author: M. Fridlund, O. Piersanti, A. Stankov, Nicola Rando, R. Lindberg, and M. Baldesarra
Subjects: Physics, Cosmic Vision, Spacecraft, business.industry, Payload, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Orbital mechanics, Exoplanet, Spacecraft design, Astrobiology, Stars, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, Circumstellar habitable zone
Abstract: PLATO - PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars - is a Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 M-class mission candidate of ESA's future Science and Robotic Exploration programme. The scientific goals are to detect exoplanetary transits and to characterize the parent stars using astero-seismology. This is achieved through high-accuracy, high time-resolution photometry in the visible waveband. Assessment studies were carried out for all M-class missions during 2008-2009 in order to design a basic spacecraft configuration and identify critical areas. Following the down-selection in the beginning of 2010, PLATO will enter into the Definition Phase, in which the spacecraft design will be consolidated and optimized. The proposed payload will use a multi-aperture approach in which the combined observations of 34 telescopes with individual pupil sizes of ~120 mm will produce highly accurate light curves of the target stars. Since the orbits of the exoplanets should preferably be in or close to their habitable zone, an observation period of several years per sky field is required to detect repeated transits of the exoplanets around the parent stars. This requires a stable spacecraft with a high pointing accuracy and a benign operating environment. It is foreseen to launch PLATO using a Soyuz 2-1b via a direct insertion into a large amplitude orbit around Sun-Earth L2. This paper will give an overview of the PLATO mission and the planned activities during the Definition Phase.
Published: 2010

261. A filter wheel mechanism for the Euclid near-infrared imaging photometer

Author: M. Schweitzer, Rory Holmes, Ulrich Grözinger, and Oliver Krause
Subjects: Physics, Cosmic Vision, Spacecraft, business.industry, Payload, Dark matter, Photometer, law.invention, Optics, law, Filter (video), business, Weak gravitational lensing, Infrared cut-off filter
Abstract: The Euclid mission is currently being developed within the European Space Agency's Cosmic Vision Program. The five year mission will survey the entire extragalactic sky (~ 20 000 deg 2 ) with the aim of constraining the nature of dark energy and dark matter. The spacecraft's payload consists of two instruments: one imaging instrument, which has both a visible and a near-infrared channel, and one spectroscopic instrument operating in the near-infrared wavelength regime. The two channels of the imaging instrument, the Visible Imaging Channel (VIS) and the Near-Infrared Imaging Photometer Channel (NIP), will focus on the weak lensing science probe. The large survey area and the need to not only image each patch of sky in multiple bands, but also in multiple dithers, requires over 640 000 operations of the NIP channel's filter wheel mechanism. With a 127 mm diameter and a mass of ~ 330 g per element, these brittle infrared filters dictate highly demanding requirements on this single-point-failure mechanism. To accommodate the large filters the wheel must have an outer diameter of ~ 400 mm, which will result in significant loads being applied to the bearing assembly during launch. The centrally driven titanium filter wheel will house the infrared filters in specially designed mounts. Both stepper motor and brushless DC drive systems are being considered and tested for this mechanism. This paper presents the design considerations and details the first prototyping campaign of this mechanism. The design and finite element analysis of the filter mounting concept are also presented.
Published: 2010

262. ESA assessment study activities on the International X-ray Observatory

Author: D. de Wilde, L. Puig, Marcos Bavdaz, T. Voirin, Nicola Rando, Martin Linder, G. Saavedra, M. Landgraf, C. Damasio, Peter Verhoeve, Philippe Gondoin, L. Scolamiero, T. Oosterbroek, Didier D. E. Martin, and David H. Lumb
Subjects: Physics, Focal point, Cosmic Vision, Spectrometer, Payload, business.industry, Aperture, International X-ray Observatory, law.invention, Telescope, Observatory, law, Aerospace engineering, business, Remote sensing
Abstract: The International X-ray Observatory (IXO) is an L class mission candidate within the science programme Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 of the European Space Agency, with a planned launch by 2020. IXO is an international cooperative project, pursued by ESA, JAXA and NASA. By allowing astrophysical observations between 100 eV and 40 keV, IXO would represent the new generation X-ray observatory, following the XMM-Newton, Astro-H and Chandra heritage. The IXO mission concept is based on a single aperture telescope with an external diameter of about 3.5 m, a focal length of 20 m and a number of focal plane instruments, positioned at the focal point via a movable platform. A grating spectrometer, enabling parallel measurements, is also included in the model payload. Two parallel competitive industrial assessment studies are being carried out by ESA on the overall IXO mission, while the instruments are being studied by dedicated instrument consortia. The main results achieved during this study are summarised.
Published: 2010

263. Missions to the Jupiter Trojans

Author: Marie-Christine Desjean
Subjects: Physics, education.field_of_study, Cosmic Vision, business.industry, Population, Lagrangian point, Propulsion, Astrobiology, Jupiter, Asteroid, Physics::Space Physics, Orbit (dynamics), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Aerospace engineering, business, education, Budget constraint
Abstract: During the last French prospective Conference in Biarritz, in early 2009, a fly-by mission to the Jupiter Trojans was proposed by the European scientific community. The asteroids population situated at the Jupiter Lagrange points L4 and L5 , (i.e. 60 degrees backwards and forward from Jupiter’s orbit), is not well known. Their study by low distance fly-bys would allow unique information to be obtained concerning their origins, but also about the origins and the formation of Jupiter. Knowledge of their properties can provide a key to the dynamical and physical processes that characterize the early stages of planetary formation. Such a mission will be proposed by CNES to the International community in the framework of ESA Cosmic Vision 2, or even in a larger international framework, if budgetary constraints demand a greater budget. In order to propose new missions toward Jupiter’s Trojans, it is necessary to determine optimal trajectories to be able to reach them, and move around them at the lowest mass and energy cost. The trade-off concerning the trajectories, together with determining parameters to be able to perform this mission are described in the paper. The environmental constrains, the various methods and the various hardware solutions will be presented for the complete mission including: propulsion, thermal control, AOCS, power systems, among others. At last, a system synthesis will be proposed and the constraints of such a mission underlined.
Published: 2010

264. See-coast: polarimetric and spectral characterization of exoplanets with a small space telescope

Author: Anne-Lise Maire, Pierre Baudoz, Anthony Boccaletti, Samuel Ronayette, Raphaël Galicher, Jean Schneider, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique du Partenariat Haute résolution Angulaire Sol-Espace (GIS PHASE ), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Pôle Astronomie du LESIA, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Physics, Cosmic Vision, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Giant planet, Astronomy, Optical polarization, Orbital mechanics, Exoplanet, law.invention, Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, law, Planet, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; To characterize orbits and atmospheres of exoplanets with large orbits (>= a few AU), direct imaging is nowadays the sole way. From space, this involves high contrast imaging techniques as coronagraphy, differential imaging or wavefront control. Several methods exist or are under development and several small (~1.5m) space telescope missions are proposed. One of them is See-coast (super-Earth explorer coronagraphic off-axis space telescope) which will be proposed to the next ESA Cosmic Vision call. It will provide polarimetric and spectral characterization of giant gazeous planets and possibly Super-Earths in visible light. In this paper, we first detail science cases of this mission. We then describe the foreseen telescope design and its instrumentation. We finally derive performance for a particular instrumental configuration from numerical simulation and we show how See-coast can retrieve planet spectra.
Published: 2010

265. A 3D CZT prototype for Laue lens telescope

Author: Natalia Auricchio, S. Del Sordo, and Ezio Caroli
Subjects: Physics, Cosmic Vision, business.industry, Instrumentation, Voltage divider, Detector, Position sensitive device, STRIPS, law.invention, Lens (optics), Telescope, Optics, law, business
Abstract: The importance of hard X-ray astronomy (>10 keV) is now widely recognized. Recently both ESA (Cosmic Vision) and NASA (Decadal Survey) have indicated in their guidelines for Xand γ-ray astronomy in the next decade the development of innovative instrumentation operating in the hard Xand soft gamma ray range where important scientific issues are still open, exploiting high sensitivity for spectroscopic imaging and polarimetric observations. In this framework, the development of new focusing optics based on Laue lenses operating from ~60 keV up to a few MeV is particularly challenging. We describe the design concepts and the undergoing development of a three dimensional (3D) position sensitive device suitable for use as the basic unit of a high efficiency focal plane detector for a Laue lens telescope. The sensitive unit is a drift strip detector based on a CZT crystal, (19×8 mm area, 2.4 mm thick), irradiated transversally to the electric field direction. The anode is segmented into 8 detection cells, each comprising one collecting strip and 8 drift strips. The drift strips are biased by a voltage divider, whereas the anode strips are held at 0 V. The cathode is divided in 4 horizontal strips for the reconstruction of the Z interaction position. The 3D prototype will be made by packing 8 linear modules, each composed of one basic sensitive unit, bonded onto a supporting layer. The readout electronics will implement the new RENA-3 Asic and the data handling system will use custom designed FPGA based electronics to provide both the ASIC operation and the acquisition logic. The Extreme sky: Sampling the Universe above 10 keV extremesky2009 Otranto (Lecce) Italy October 13-17, 2009
Published: 2010

266. Concepts for future payloads - ESA's astrophysics mission program beyond 2015

Author: A. Heske
Subjects: Physics, Solar System, Cosmic Vision, business.industry, Planet, Agency (sociology), International X-ray Observatory, Astrophysics, Aerospace, business, Space research, Space exploration
Abstract: The long-term science missions program of the European Space Agency (ESA) for launch beyond 2015 - the Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 - will comprise the three disciplines of astrophysics, fundamental physics and solar system studies. The program is aimed at answering the following fundamental questions ranging from how the solar system works, what the conditions for planet formation are and the emergence of life, to the formation of the Universe and its composition.
Published: 2010

267. Marco Polo: Hunting and Capture of Material from a Primitive Asteroid

Author: Javier Licandro
Subjects: Cosmic Vision, Near-Earth object, Geography, Asteroid, Art history, Astrobiology
Abstract: A description of the Spanish contribution to the Marco Polo mission and of the mission itself is presented. Marco Polo is a joint European–Japanese mission of sample return from a Near Earth Object (NEO). Submitted to ESA on July 2007 in the framework of the Cosmic Vision 2015–2025, Marco Polo passed the first evaluation process on October 2007. Seventeen Spanish researchers belonging to six Spanish institutes signed the proposal. The mission is planned to visit a primitive NEO, belonging to a class that cannot be related to known meteorite types, to characterize it at multiple scales, and to bring samples back to Earth. Marco Polo will give us the first opportunity for detailed laboratory study of the most primitive materials that formed the planets. This will allow us to improve our knowledge on the processes which governed the origin and early evolution of the Solar System, and possibly of the life on Earth. Three Spanish institutes are involved in the feasibility studies of two instruments: the THERmal MAPper (THERMAP) and the Marco Polo Camera System (MPCS).
Published: 2010

268. The E-NIS instrument on-board the ESA Euclid Dark Energy Mission: a general view after positive conclusion of the assessment phase

Author: L. Valenziano, F. M. Zerbi, A. Cimatti, A. Bianco, C. Bonoli, F. Bortoletto, A. Bulgarelli, R. C. Butler, R. Content, L. Corcione, A. De Rosa, P. Franzetti, B. Garilli, F. Gianotti, E. Giro, R. Grange, P. Leutenegger, S. Ligori, L. Martin, N. Mandolesi, G. Morgante, L. Nicastro, M. Riva, M. Robberto, R. Sharples, P. Spanò, G. Talbot, M. Trifoglio, R. Wink, F. Zamkotsian, Valenziano L., Zerbi F. M., Cimatti A., Bianco A., Bonoli C., Bortoletto F., Bulgarelli A., Butler R. C., Content R., Corcione L., de Rosa A., Franzetti P., Garilli B., Gianotti F., Giro E., Grange R., Leutenegger P., Ligori S., Martin L., Mandolesi N., Morgante G., Nicastro L., Riva M., Robberto M., Sharples R., Spanò P., Talbot G., Trifoglio M., Wink R., Zamkotsian F., and TNO Industrie en Techniek
Subjects: Near Infrared, Optical telescopes, Cosmic Vision, Phase (waves), Millimeter waves, Space, Information Society, Near infrared spectrometer, Assesment, Astrophysics, Millimeter wave devices, Space mission, Space missions, Space telescopes, Optical telescope, Space exploration, Physics & Electronics, Definition phase, Dark energy, galaxies, Selection process, Assessment phase, Mission concepts, Remote sensing, Physics, Infrared spectrometers, Space flight, instrumentation, TS - Technical Sciences, Spectrometer, Payload, Astronomy, space, Cosmology, On board, IR spectroscopy, SSE - Space Systems Engineering, Re-arrangement, Spectroscopic probes, Instruments
Abstract: The Euclid Near-Infrared Spectrometer (E-NIS) Instrument was conceived as the spectroscopic probe on-board the ESA Dark Energy Mission Euclid. Together with the Euclid Imaging Channel (EIC) in its Visible (VIS) and Near Infrared (NIP) declinations, NIS formed part of the Euclid Mission Concept derived in assessment phase and submitted to the Cosmic Vision Down-selection process from which emerged selected and with extremely high ranking. The Definition phase, started a few months ago, is currently examining a substantial re-arrangement of the payload configuration due to technical and programmatic aspects. This paper presents the general lines of the assessment phase payload concept on which the positive down-selection judgments have been based. © 2010 SPIE.
Published: 2010

269. The radiation environment and effects for future ESA cosmic vision missions

Author: Giovanni Santin and J. Sorensen
Subjects: Physics, Cosmic Vision, business.industry, Electromagnetic shielding, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Systems engineering, ComputerSystemsOrganization_SPECIAL-PURPOSEANDAPPLICATION-BASEDSYSTEMS, Radiation, Radiation protection, business, Astrobiology
Abstract: This paper describes some of the radiation environments and their effects encountered by the Cosmic Vision missions, with emphasis on the design specifications and verification tools, including new shielding analysis techniques.
Published: 2009

270. Assessment study of the SPICA telescope assembly

Author: Martin Linder, O. Brunner, J. M. Lautier, L. Popken, Takao Nakagawa, Dominic Doyle, Ana M. Heras, Nicola Rando, and B. Fransen
Subjects: Primary mirror, Telescope, Physics, Cosmic Vision, Galactic astronomy, Payload, Planet, law, Infrared telescope, Astronomy, Spica, law.invention
Abstract: The paper provides a summary of the results of the assessment study conducted on the SPICA Telescope Assembly (STA). SPICA (SPace Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics) was selected for study as a mission of opportunity within the science programme Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 of the European Space Agency, with a planned launch in 2017. Observing in the 5 - 210 micron waveband, one of its major goals is the discovery of the origins of planets and galaxies. ESA's main contribution is the provision of the SPICA Telescope Assembly (STA) featuring a 3.5 m primary mirror cooled to < 6K. A nationally funded European FIR instrument (SAFARI) would also be part of SPICA's payload. Following an internal ESA study carried out in Q1 and Q2 2008, a parallel competitive industrial study (phase A level) has been performed. The main results achieved during this study are summarised.
Published: 2009

271. Current status of the assessment of the ESA Cosmic Vision mission candidate PLATO

Author: M. Fridlund, R. Lindberg, Nicola Rando, and A. Stankov
Subjects: Physics, Cosmic Vision, Spacecraft, business.industry, Astronomy, Orbital mechanics, Asteroseismology, Exoplanet, law.invention, Telescope, Photometry (astronomy), Stars, law, business
Abstract: PLATO is a candidate of the European Space Agency's Science programme Cosmic Vision 2015-2025. "PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars" aims to characterise exoplanetary systems by detecting planetary transits and conducting asteroseismology of their parent stars. This is achieved through high-precision photometry (visible waveband). PLATO is currently in assessment phase, which was started with an internal study in ESA's Concurrent Design Facility (CDF). Two phase-A, parallel industrial studies with 12-months durations are being conducted until July 2009. The objectives of these studies are to understand the critical areas inherent to this mission and assess the trade-offs in order to define a baseline concept that optimises scientific return while minimising complexity and risk and meeting the applicable programmatic constraints. PLATO will operate in a large-amplitude orbit around Sun-Earth L2 where it will observe targets for several years in order to characterise the exoplanetary transits. To observe enough stars (with focus on Sun-like cool dwarfs) to maximize the number of transit detections, a large field-of-view (FoV) is required as well as a sufficiently high collecting area. PLATO will achieve this objective by utilizing several smaller telescopes instead of one large telescope. Several different optical designs, both reflective and refractive, are being studied. Due to the large number of simultaneously observed stars the spacecraft will require a high degree of autonomy and adequate on-board processing capability. Moreover, the stars must be monitored with high accuracy, which means that the spacecraft must provide a stable environment in terms of pointing stability and thermal environment. This paper summarises the results of the assessment studies.
Published: 2009

272. DMD multi-object spectroscopy in space: the EUCLID study

Author: P. Spanò, F. Zamkotsian, R. Content, R. Grange, M. Robberto, L. Valenziano, F. M. Zerbi, R. M. Sharples, F. Bortoletto, V. De Caprio, L. Martin, A. De Rosa, P. Franzetti, E. Diolaiti, B. Garilli, L. Guzzo, P. Leutenegger, M. Scodeggio, R. Vink, G. Zamorani, A. Cimatti, Spanò P., Zamkotsian F., Content R., Grange R., Robberto M., Valenziano L., Zerbi F. M., Sharples R. M., Bortoletto F., de Caprio V., Martin L., de Rosa A., Franzetti P., Diolaiti E., Garilli B., Guzzo L., Leutenegger P., Scodeggio M., Vink R., Zamorani G., and Cimatti A.
Subjects: instrumentation, Physics, Cosmic Vision, Galactic astronomy, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Context (language use), space, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Sky, law, galaxies, Baryon acoustic oscillations, business, Spectrograph, media_common, Remote sensing
Abstract: The benefits Astronomy could gain by performing multi-slit spectroscopy in a space mission is renown. Digital Micromirror Devices (DMD), developed for consumer applications, represent a potentially powerful solution. They are currently studied in the context of the EUCLID project. EUCLID is a mission dedicated to the study of Dark Energy developed under the ESA Cosmic Vision programme. EUCLID is designed with 3 instruments on-board: a Visual Imager, an Infrared Imager and an Infrared Multi-Object Spectrograph (ENIS). ENIS is focused on the study of Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations as the main probe, based on low-resolution spectroscopic observations of a very large number of high-z galaxies, covering a large fraction of the whole sky. To cope with these challenging requirements, a highmultiplexing spectrograph, coupled with a relatively small telescope (1.2m diameter) has been designed. Although the current baseline is to perform slit-less spectroscopy, an important option to increase multiplexing rates is to use DMDs as electronic reconfigurable slit masks. A Texas Instrument 2048x1080 Cinema DMD has been selected, and space validation studies started, as a joint ESA-ENIS Consortium effort. Around DMD, a number of suited optical systems has been developed to project sky sources onto the DMD surface and then, to disperse light onto IR arrays. A detailed study started, both at system and subsystem level, to validate the initial proposal. Here, main results are shown, making clear that the use of DMD devices has great potential in Astronomical Instrumentation.
Published: 2009

273. Spectral and polarimetric characterization of gazeous and telluric planets with SEE COAST

Author: Stéphane Udry, A. Ferrari, Jean-Luc Beuzit, J. H. Hough, Jean Schneider, E. L. Martín, Dimitri Mawet, Pierre Baudoz, Daphne Stam, C. Cavarroc, Raphaël Galicher, Francois Menard, Giovanna Tinetti, Christoph U. Keller, E. Sein, A. Boccaletti, D. J. Pinfield, P. Doel, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Haute résolution angulaire en astrophysique, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (JPL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCL, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Hertfordshire [Hatfield] (UH), Utrecht University, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (LAOG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Genève, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Astrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA) (CAB), and Astrium
Subjects: Physics, Super-Earth, Cosmic Vision, QC1-999, Polarimetry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Planetary system, Exoplanet, Radial velocity, Spitzer Space Telescope, Planet, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; SEE COAST stands for Super Earth Explorer - Coronagraphic Off-Axis Space Telescope. The concept was initially proposed to ESA for Cosmic Vision. None of the direct detection exoplanet proposals were selected in 2007 and we are now pursuing our efforts to consolidate the astrophysical program and the technical developments for the next call for proposal. The prime objective of SEE COAST is to contribute to the understanding of the formation and evolution of planetary systems. Exploring the diversity of these objects is therefore the main driver to define the instrumentation. In the next decade the improvement of radial velocity instruments and obviously temporal coverage will provide us with a large numbers of long period giants as well as telluric planets, namely Super Earths. Obtaining the spectral and polarimetric signatures of these objects in the visible range to measure atmospheric parameters (molecular composition, clouds, soils, ...) will be unique and with important scientific returns. A space mission complementary to near IR instruments like SPHERE, GPI, JWST and later ELTs for the full characterization of giants and Super Earths is a first secure step towards the longer term goal that is the characterization of telluric planets with mass and atmosphere comparable to that of the Earth. An overview of the astrophysical motivation and the trade-off that lead to a simple integrated concept of a space-based high contrast imaging instrument are given here.
Published: 2009

274. The Dark UNiverse Explorer (DUNE): proposal to ESA’s cosmic vision

Author: Refregier, Alexandre and collaboration, the DUNE
Subjects: Physics, Cosmic Vision, Milky Way, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Dark matter, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galaxy, Cosmology, Space and Planetary Science, Dark energy, Galaxy formation and evolution, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Weak gravitational lensing, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: The Dark UNiverse Explorer (DUNE) is a wide-field space imager whose primary goal is the study of dark energy and dark matter with unprecedented precision. For this purpose, DUNE is optimised for the measurement of weak gravitational lensing but will also provide complementary measurements of baryonic accoustic oscillations, cluster counts and the Integrated Sachs Wolfe effect. Immediate auxiliary goals concern the evolution of galaxies, to be studied with unequalled statistical power, the detailed structure of the Milky Way and nearby galaxies, and the demographics of Earth-mass planets. DUNE is an Medium-class mission which makes use of readily available components, heritage from other missions, and synergy with ground based facilities to minimise cost and risks. The payload consists of a 1.2m telescope with a combined visible/NIR field-of-view of 1 deg^2. DUNE will carry out an all-sky survey, ranging from 550 to 1600nm, in one visible and three NIR bands which will form a unique legacy for astronomy. DUNE will yield major advances in a broad range of fields in astrophysics including fundamental cosmology, galaxy evolution, and extrasolar planet search. DUNE was recently selected by ESA as one of the mission concepts to be studied in its Cosmic Vision programme., Accepted in Experimental Astronomy
Published: 2009

275. Triple F--a comet nucleus sample return mission

Author: Küppers, Michael, Keller, H. U., Kührt, E., A'Hearn, M. F., Altwegg, K., Bertrand, R., Busemann, H., Capria, M. T., Colangeli, L., Davidsson, B., Ehrenfreund, P., Knollenberg, J., Mottola, S., Rathke, A., Weiss, P., Zolensky, M., Akim, E., Basilevsky, A., Galimov, E., Gerasimov, M., Korablev, O., Lomakin, I., Marov, M., Martynov, M., Nazarov, M., Zakharov, A., Zelenyi, L., Aronica, A., Ball, A. J., Barbieri, C., Bar-Nun, A., Benkhoff, J., Biele, J., Biver, N., Blum, J., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Botta, O., Bredehöft, J. H., Capaccioni, F., Charnley, S., Cloutis, E., Cottin, H., Cremonese, G., Crovisier, J., Crowther, S. A., Epifani, E. M., Esposito, F., Ferrari, A. C., Ferri, F., Fulle, M., Gilmour, J., Goesmann, F., Gortsas, N., Green, S. F., Groussin, O., Grün, E., Gutiérrez, P. J., Hartogh, P., Henkel, T., Hilchenbach, M., Ho, T. M., Horneck, G., Hviid, S. F., Ip, W. H., Jäckel, A., Jessberger, E., Kallenbach, R., Kargl, G., Kömle, N. I., Korth, A., Kossacki, K., Krause, C., Krüger, H., Li, Z. Y., Licandro, J., Lopez-Moreno, J. J., Lowry, S. C., Lyon, I., Magni, G., Mall, U., Mann, I., Markiewicz, W., Martins, Z., Maurette, M., Meierhenrich, U., Mennella, V., Ng, T. C., Nittler, L. R., Palumbo, P., Pätzold, M., Prialnik, D., Rengel, M., Rickman, H., Rodriguez, J., Roll, R., Rost, D., Rotundi, A., Sandford, S., Schönbächler, M., Sierks, H., Srama, R., Stroud, R. M., Szutowicz, S., Tornow, C., Ulamec, S., Wallis, M., Waniak, W., Weissman, P., Wieler, R., Wurz, P., Yung, K. L., Zarnecki, J. C., Schonbachler, Maria, Observatoire de Paris - Site de Meudon (OBSPM), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Solar System, Cosmic Vision, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Comet, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], sample return, Sample return, space mission, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Space mission, Astrobiology, Interplanetary dust cloud, Sample return mission, Comet nucleus, 0103 physical sciences, Comets, comets, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Spacecraft, business.industry, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmogony, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, cosmogony, Formation and evolution of the Solar System, business
Abstract: The Triple F (Fresh From the Fridge) mission, a Comet Nucleus Sample Return, has been proposed to ESA's Cosmic Vision program. A sample return from a comet enables us to reach the ultimate goal of cometary research. Since comets are the least processed bodies in the solar system, the proposal goes far beyond cometary science topics (like the explanation of cometary activity) and delivers invaluable information about the formation of the solar system and the interstellar molecular cloud from which it formed. The proposed mission would extract three sample cores of the upper 50cm from three locations on a cometary nucleus and return them cooled to Earth for analysis in the laboratory. The simple mission concept with a touch-and-go sampling by a single spacecraft was proposed as an M-class mission in collaboration with the Russian space agency ROSCOSMOS. © The Author(s) 2008.
Published: 2009

276. Titan Saturn System Mission

Author: K. Reh
Subjects: Exploration of Saturn, Engineering, Cosmic Vision, Ion thruster, business.industry, Space exploration, Astrobiology, symbols.namesake, Planetary science, Extraterrestrial life, symbols, business, Enceladus, Titan (rocket family)
Abstract: Titan is a high priority for exploration, as recommended by NASA's 2006 Solar System Exploration (SSE) Roadmap [1], NASA's 2003 National Research Council (NRC) Decadal Survey [2] and ESA's Cosmic Vision Program Themes. Recent revolutionary Cassini-Huygens discoveries have dramatically escalated interest in Titan as the next scientific target in the outer Solar System. Results of this study as documented in the TSSM Final Report [3] and Titan Saturn System Mission (TSSM) NASA/ESA Joint Summary Report [4] demonstrates that an exciting Titan Saturn System Mission (TSSM) that explores two worlds of intense astrobiological interest can be initiated now as a single NASA/ESA collaboration.
Published: 2009

277. GRI: Focusing on the evolving violent Universe

Author: C. B. Wunderer, M. Hernanz, Peter von Ballmoos, Finn E. Christensen, Jürgen Knödlseder, Filippo Frontera, Angela Bazzano, Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Dipartimento di Fisica [Ferrara], Università degli Studi di Ferrara (UniFE), INAF-IASF/Rome, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), National Space Institute [Lyngby] (DTU Space), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, GRI consortium, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara (UniFE), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: Time delay and integration, Photon, Cosmic Vision, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, Astrophysics, Orbital mechanics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Focal length, Angular resolution, Crystal lens telescope, Mission concepts, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Multilayer-coated mirror telescope, media_common, Physics, Gamma-ray astronomy, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic Vision 2015&ndash, Universe, Cosmic Vision 2015-2025, Lens (optics), Particle acceleration, Space and Planetary Science, 95.55.Ka, business, Cosmic Vision 2015– 2025
Abstract: The Gamma-Ray Imager (GRI) is a novel mission concept that will provide an unprecedented sensitivity leap in the soft gamma-ray domain by using for the first time a focusing lens built of Laue diffracting crystals. The lens will cover an energy band from 200 - 1300 keV with an effective area reaching 600 cm2. It will be complemented by a single reflection multilayer coated mirror, extending the GRI energy band into the hard X-ray regime, down to ~10 keV. The concentrated photons will be collected by a position sensitive pixelised CZT stack detector. We estimate continuum sensitivities of better than 10^-7 ph/cm2/s/keV for a 100 ks exposure; the narrow line sensitivity will be better than 3 x 10^-6 ph/cm2/s for the same integration time. As focusing instrument, GRI will have an angular resolution of better than 30 arcsec within a field of view of roughly 5 arcmin - an unprecedented achievement in the gamma-ray domain. Owing to the large focal length of 100 m of the lens and the mirror, the optics and detector will be placed on two separate spacecrafts flying in formation in a high elliptical orbit. R&D work to enable the lens focusing technology and to develop the required focal plane detector is currently underway, financed by ASI, CNES, ESA, and the Spanish Ministery of Education and Science. The GRI mission is proposed as class M mission for ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 program. GRI will allow studies of particle acceleration processes and explosion physics in unprecedented detail, providing essential clues on the innermost nature of the most violent and most energetic processes in the Universe., 11 pages, to be pubslihed in the SPIE proceedings
Published: 2009

278. Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity Using Optical Devices I (ASTROD I)-A class-M fundamental physics mission proposal for Cosmic Vision 2015-2025

Author: Sergei A. Klioner, Li Wang, Thierry Appourchaux, Qiuhe Peng, Etienne Samain, Bernard Foulon, Andreas Wicht, H. A. Klein, Sergei M. Kopeikin, Hansjoerg Dittus, R. Burston, Xiaomin Zhang, Helen S. Margolis, Ernst M. Rasel, Yanbei Chen, Xinlian Luo, Albrecht Rüdiger, A. Lobo, Laurent Gizon, Hans Krüger, Stephan Theil, Haitao Wang, Hanns Selig, Claus Lämmerzahl, Michael Cruise, Ji Wu, Antonio Pulido Paton, Slava G. Turyshev, D. Shaul, T. J. Sumner, Linqing Wen, Achim Peters, Wei-Tou Ni, Cheng Zhao, Patrick Gill, Pierre Touboul, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: Cosmic Vision, General relativity, ASTROD-I, FOS: Physical sciences, Exploring the microscopic origin of gravity, NASA Deep Space Network, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astronomy & Astrophysics, ACCELERATION, Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Gravitational-wave detection, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), GRAVITY, LASER LINK, Solar g-mode detection, GENERAL-RELATIVITY, SOLAR, Physics, LISA, Science & Technology, Spacecraft, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Probing the fundamental laws of spacetime, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Solar physics, Probing the fundamental laws mof spacetime, Gravitational constant, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, Mapping solar-system gravity, Space and Planetary Science, ASTROD, ASTROD I, Physical Sciences, DISTURBANCES, Physics::Space Physics, Gravitational wave detection, Testing relativistic gravity, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, Heliocentric orbit
Abstract: ASTROD I is a planned interplanetary space mission with multiple goals. The primary aims are: to test General Relativity with an improvement in sensitivity of over 3 orders of magnitude, improving our understanding of gravity and aiding the development of a new quantum gravity theory; to measure key solar system parameters with increased accuracy, advancing solar physics and our knowledge of the solar system and to measure the time rate of change of the gravitational constant with an order of magnitude improvement and the anomalous Pioneer acceleration, thereby probing dark matter and dark energy gravitationally. It is an international project, with major contributions from Europe and China and is envisaged as the first in a series of ASTROD missions. ASTROD I will consist of one spacecraft carrying a telescope, four lasers, two event timers and a clock. Two-way, two-wavelength laser pulse ranging will be used between the spacecraft in a solar orbit and deep space laser stations on Earth, to achieve the ASTROD I goals. A second mission, ASTROD II is envisaged as a three-spacecraft mission which would test General Relativity to one part per billion, enable detection of solar g-modes, measure the solar Lense-Thirring effect to 10 parts per million, and probe gravitational waves at frequencies below the LISA bandwidth. In the third phase (ASTROD III or Super-ASTROD), larger orbits could be implemented to map the outer solar system and to probe primordial gravitational-waves at frequencies below the ASTROD II bandwidth., Comment: 26 pages, 11 figures, shortened from the original cosmic vision proposal, submitted to Experimental Astronomy; this version, shortened to 25 pages, re-organized and added references, is accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy
Published: 2009

279. Mars Environment and Magnetic Orbiter Scientific and Measurement Objectives

Author: Miguel Lopez-Valverde, François Leblanc, Benoit Langlais, Michel Menvielle, A. Pais, Stephen R. Lewis, Andrew J. Coates, T. Fouchet, Helmut Lammer, François Forget, Eric Chassefière, Martin Paetzold, Doris Breuer, Pascal Tarits, Peter L. Read, Susanne Vennerstrøm, Christophe Sotin, Véronique Dehant, S. Barabash, Mioara Mandea, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris - Site de Paris (OP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Department of Space and Climate Physics [UCL London], Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL)-University College of London [London] (UCL), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), HELIOS - LATMOS, Department of Physics [Coimbra], University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Universität zu Köln, Université de Brest (UBO), National Space Institute [Lyngby] (DTU Space), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), and 2.3 Earth's Magnetic Field, 2.0 Physics of the Earth, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum
Subjects: Time Factors, Cosmic Vision, Extraterrestrial Environment, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mars, 550 - Earth sciences, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, law.invention, Atmosphere, Magnetics, Orbiter, law, Planet, Exobiology, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Computer Simulation, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Martian, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Altitude, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Mars Exploration Program, Space Flight, Satellite Communications, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Solar wind, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Environmental science, Planetary Evolution, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Evolution, Planetary
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we summarize our present understanding of Mars' atmosphere, magnetic field, and surface and address past evolution of these features. Key scientific questions concerning Mars' surface, atmosphere, and magnetic field, along with the planet's interaction with solar wind, are discussed. We also define what key parameters and measurements should be performed and the main characteristics of a martian mission that would help to provide answers to these questions.Such a mission—Mars Environment and Magnetic Orbiter (MEMO)—was proposed as an answer to the Cosmic Vision Call of Opportunity as an M-class mission (corresponding to a total European Space Agency cost of less than 300 M€). MEMO was designed to study the strong interconnection between the planetary interior, atmosphere, and solar conditions, which is essential to our understanding of planetary evolution, the appearance of life, and its sustainability.The MEMO main platform combined remote sensing and in situ measurements of the atmosphere and the magnetic field during regular incursions into the martian upper atmosphere. The micro-satellite was designed to perform simultaneous in situ solar wind measurements. MEMO was defined to conduct:• Four-dimensional mapping of the martian atmosphere from the surface up to 120 km by measuring wind, temperature, water, and composition, all of which would provide a complete view of the martian climate and photochemical system;• Mapping of the low-altitude magnetic field with unprecedented geographical, altitude, local time, and seasonal resolutions;• A characterization of the simultaneous responses of the atmosphere, magnetic field, and near-Mars space to solar variability by means of in situ atmospheric and solar wind measurements.
Published: 2009

280. XEUS: The physics of the hot evolving universe

Author: Johan A. M. Bleeker, Richard E. Griffiths, Yoshihiro Ueda, Andrew C. Fabian, Lothar Strüder, Massimo Cappi, S. Sciortino, Marc Türler, Alan Smith, M. N. Pavlinsky, W. N. Brandt, Francisco J. Carrera, Piet A. J. de Korte, Jelle Kaastra, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Andrea Comastri, Enrico Costa, Xavier Barcons, Thomas Boller, Shuang-Nan Zhang, S. M. Kahn, M. G. Watson, Günther Hasinger, Kazuo Makishima, Kirpal Nandra, Hans Böhringer, Cristian Vignali, Richard Willingale, Mariano Mendez, Roberto Gilli, Takaya Ohashi, Hideyo Kunieda, Marshall W. Bautz, Didier Barret, Jacco Vink, Giorgio G. C. Palumbo, Tadayuki Takahashi, Tom Dwelly, Martin J. L. Turner, Monique Arnaud, Kathryn A. Flanagan, M. J. Page, Richard L. Kelley, Giorgio Matt, Thierry J.-L. Courvoisier, R. S. Warwick, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Astronomy, Arnaud M., Barcons X., Barret D., Bautz M., Bellazzini R., Bleeker J., Bohringer H., Boller Th., Brandt W.N., Cappi M., Carrera F., Comastri A., Costa E., Courvoisier T., de Korte P., Dwelly T., Fabian A.C., Flanagan K., Gilli R., Griffiths R., Hasinger G., Kaastra J., Kahn S., Kelley R., Kunieda H., Makishima K., Matt G., Mendez M., Mitsuda K., Nandra K., Ohashi T., Page M., Palumbo G.G.C., Pavlinsky M., Sciortino S., Smith A., Struder L., Takahashi T., Turler M., Turner M., Ueda Y., Vignali C., Vink J., Warwick R., Watson M., Willingale R., and Zhang S.N.
Subjects: Cosmic Vision, media_common.quotation_subject, RAY, Cosmic vision, Cosmic ray, Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics, law.invention, Telescope, CHANDRA, X-ray astronomy, Observatory, law, Angular resolution, BLACK-HOLES, DETECTOR, media_common, Physics, BARYONS, SPECTRUM, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Universe, XEUS, RESOLUTION, Space and Planetary Science, OPTICS
Abstract: This paper describes the next generation X-ray observatory XEUS which has been submitted to the European Space Agency in the framework of the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 competition and has been selected for an assessment study. The paper summarizes the scientific goals and instrumental concepts of the proposed X-ray telescope with 5 m2 effective area and angular resolution better than 5 arc sec.
Published: 2009

281. Cryogenic sensors on ESA’s Cosmic Vision mission studies

Author: Didier Martin, Peter Verhoeve, Philippe Gondoin, Luitjens Popken, Betty Young, Blas Cabrera, and Aaron Miller
Subjects: Physics, Cosmic Vision, Spectrometer, business.industry, Cryogenics, Spica, Transition edge sensor, Aerospace engineering, business, Space exploration, Remote sensing
Abstract: In the framework of the Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 plan, ESA is currently performing assessment studies on a number of candidate space missions. Cryogenic sensors play an important role in several of the astronomy missions. Specifically, the SAFARI instrument on SPICA and the X‐ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer (XMS) on IXO baselines depend on state‐of‐the‐art Transition Edge Sensor Arrays and associated cryogenic readouts. We will present ESA’s Cosmic Vision plan, detail the current status of the SPICA/SAFARI and IXO studies and review the performance drivers for the sensor arrays.
Published: 2009

282. European Venus Explorer : An in-situ mission to Venus using a balloon platform

Author: Chassefiere, E, Korablev, O, Imamura, T, Baines, KH, Wilson, CF, Titov, DV, Aplin, KL, Balint, T, Blamont, JE, Cochrane, CG, Ferencz, C, Ferri, F, Gerasimov, M, Leitner, JJ, Lopez-Moreno, J, Marty, B, Martynov, M, Pogrebenko, SV, Rodin, A, Whiteway, JA, Zasova, LV, Team, EVE, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford [Oxford], Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Space Science and Technology Department [Didcot] (RAL Space), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Imperial College London, Space Research Laboratory [Budapest], Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Institute for Astronomy [Vienna], University of Vienna [Vienna], Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lavochkin Association, Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE ERIC), Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology [Moscow] (MIPT), Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering [York University - Toronto] (ESSE), York University [Toronto], University of Oxford, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), IMPEC - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales ( LATMOS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences ( IKI ), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] ( RAS ), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science ( ISAS ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research ( MPS ), Space Science and Technology Department [Didcot] ( RAL Space ), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ( RAL ), Science and Technology Facilities Council ( STFC ) -Science and Technology Facilities Council ( STFC ), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ), Eötvös Loránd University ( ELTE ), Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' ( CISAS ), Universita degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua = Université de Padoue, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía ( IAA ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques ( CRPG ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe ( JIVE ERIC ), Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology [Moscow] ( MIPT ), and Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering [Toronto] ( ESSE )
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Cosmic Vision, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Venus geology, Polar orbit, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Aerospace Engineering, Venus, Balloon, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Climate evolution, Astrobiology, law.invention, Atmosphere of Venus, Orbiter, Venus atmosphere, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Vega, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Planetary balloons, Mars Exploration Program, biology.organism_classification, [ SDU.ASTR.EP ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Terrestrial planets evolution, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Planetary balloons have a long history already. A small super-pressure balloon was flown in the atmosphere of Venus in the eighties by the Russian-French VEGA mission. For this mission, CNES developed and fully tested a 9 m diameter super-pressure balloon, but finally replaced it by a smaller one due to mass constraints (when it was decided to send Vega to Halley’s Comet). Furthermore, several kinds of balloons have been proposed for planetary exploration [Blamont, J., in: Maran, S.P. (Ed.), The Astronomy and Astrophysics Encyclopedia. Cambridge University Press, p. 494, 1991]. A Mars balloon has been studied for the Mars-94 Russian-French mission, which was finally cancelled. Mars and Venus balloons have also been studied and ground tested at JPL, and a low atmosphere Venus balloon is presently under development at JAXA (the Japanese Space Agency). Balloons have been identified as a key element in an ongoing Flagship class mission study at NASA, with an assumed launch date between 2020 and 2025.Recently, it was proposed by a group of scientists, under European leadership, to use a balloon to characterize – by in-situ measurements – the evolution, composition and dynamics of the Venus atmosphere. This balloon is part of a mission called EVE (European Venus Explorer), which has been proposed in response to the ESA AO for the first slice of the Cosmic Vision program by a wide international consortium including Europe, Russia, Japan and USA. The EVE architecture consists of one balloon platform floating at an altitude of 50–60 km, one short lived probe provided by Russia, and an orbiter with a polar orbit to relay data from the balloon and probe, and to perform remote sensing science observations. The balloon type preferred for scientific goals is one, which would oscillate in altitude through the cloud deck. To achieve this flight profile, the balloon envelope would contain a phase change fluid. While this proposal was not selected for the first slice of Cosmic Vision missions, it was ranked first among the remaining concepts within the field of solar system science.
Published: 2009

283. The molecular hydrogen explorer H2EX

Author: F. Boulanger, J. P. Maillard, P. Appleton, E. Falgarone, G. Lagache, B. Schulz, B. P. Wakker, A. Bressan, J. Cernicharo, V. Charmandaris, L. Drissen, G. Helou, T. Henning, T. L. Lim, E. A. Valentjin, A. Abergel, J. Le Bourlot, M. Bouzit, S. Cabrit, F. Combes, J. M. Deharveng, P. Desmet, H. Dole, C. Dumesnil, A. Dutrey, J. J. Fourmond, E. Gavila, R. Grangé, C. Gry, P. Guillard, S. Guilloteau, E. Habart, B. Huet, C. Joblin, M. Langer, Y. Longval, S. C. Madden, C. Martin, M. A. Miville-Deschênes, G. Pineau des Forêts, E. Pointecouteau, H. Roussel, L. Tresse, L. Verstraete, F. Viallefond, F. Bertoldi, J. Jorgensen, J. Bouwman, A. Carmona, O. Krause, A. Baruffolo, C. Bonoli, F. Bortoletto, L. Danese, G. L. Granato, C. Pernechele, R. Rampazzo, L. Silva, G. de Zotti, J. Pardo, M. Spaans, F. F. S. van der Tak, W. Wild, M. J. Ferlet, S. K. Ramsay Howat, M. D. Smith, B. Swinyard, G. S. Wright, G. Joncas, P. G. Martin, C. J. Davis, B. T. Draine, P. F. Goldsmith, A. K. Mainzer, P. Ogle, S. A. Rinehart, G. J. Stacey, A. G. G. M. Tielens, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale ( IAS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Infrared Processing and Analysis Center ( IPAC ), California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), Laboratoire de Radioastronomie ( LRA ), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris ( FRDPENS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova ( OAPD ), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica ( INAF ), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas ( CSIC ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique ( LERMA ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), D´epartement de Physique, de G´enie Physique et d'Optique and Observatoire du mont M´egantic, Université Laval, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie ( MPIA ), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ( RAL ), Science and Technology Facilities Council ( STFC ), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille ( LAM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Dauphine Recherches en Management ( DRM ), Université Paris-Dauphine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers ( OASU ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] ( LAB ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux ( L3AB ), Thales Alenia Space, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements ( CESR ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée ( DAPNIA ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Centro Nacional de Aceleradores, inconnu, Inconnu, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, University of Bath [Bath], Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie ( MPIFR ), Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science [Canterbury] ( CAPS ), University of Kent [Canterbury], Laboratoire des Lois de Comportement du Combustible ( LLCC ), Space Science and Technology Department [Didcot] ( RAL Space ), Science and Technology Facilities Council ( STFC ) -Science and Technology Facilities Council ( STFC ), National Center of Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri-Columbia, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research ( SRON ), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire de Radioastronomie (LRA), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dauphine Recherches en Management (DRM), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), Thales Alenia Space [Cannes], Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Science [Canterbury] (CAPS), Laboratoire de Modélisation Multi-échelles des Combustibles (LM2C), Service d'Etudes de Simulation du Comportement du combustibles (SESC), Département d'Etudes des Combustibles (DEC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Département d'Etudes des Combustibles (DEC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Space Science and Technology Department [Didcot] (RAL Space), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), University of Missouri [Columbia], University of Missouri System-University of Missouri System, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Active galactic nucleus, Cosmic Vision, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Star formation, Galaxies, ISM, Disks, Astronomical instrumentation, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, symbols.namesake, Planet, Galaxy formation and evolution, Spectral resolution, Planck, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Molecular cloud, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astronomy and Astrophysics, [ SDU.ASTR.EP ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Galaxy, [ PHYS.ASTR.EP ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, symbols, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: The Molecular Hydrogen Explorer, H2EX, was proposed in response to the ESA 2015 - 2025 Cosmic Vision Call as a medium class space mission with NASA and CSA participations. The mission, conceived to understand the formation of galaxies, stars and planets from molecular hydrogen, is designed to observe the first rotational lines of the H2 molecule (28.2, 17.0, 12.3 and 9.7 micron) over a wide field, and at high spectral resolution. H2EX can provide an inventory of warm (> 100 K) molecular gas in a broad variety of objects, including nearby young star clusters, galactic molecular clouds, active galactic nuclei, local and distant galaxies. The rich array of molecular, atomic and ionic lines, as well as solid state features available in the 8 to 29 micron spectral range brings additional science dimensions to H2EX. We present the optical and mechanical design of the H2EX payload based on an innovative Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (IFTS) fed by a 1.2m telescope. The 20'x20' field of view is imaged on two 1024x1024 Si:As detectors. The maximum resolution of 0.032 cm^-1 (FWHM) means a velocity resolution of 10 km s^-1 for the 0-0 S(3) line at 9.7 micron. This instrument offers the large field of view necessary to survey extended emission in the Galaxy and local Universe galaxies as well as to perform unbiased extragalactic and circumstellar disks surveys. The high spectral resolution makes H2EX uniquely suited to study the dynamics of H2 in all these environments. The mission plan is made of seven wide-field spectro-imaging legacy programs, from the cosmic web to galactic young star clusters, within a nominal two years mission. The payload has been designed to re-use the Planck platform and passive cooling design., Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy special issue on Cosmic Vision Proposals, 19 pages and 9 figures
Published: 2009

284. Darwin—an experimental astronomy mission to search for extrasolar planets

Author: Hervé Cottin, Helmut Lammer, Thomas Henning, Denis Mourard, Willy Benz, Carlos Eiroa, Charles Beichman, Olivier Absil, Glenn J. White, Denis Defrere, Andreas Quirrenbach, Laurent M. Mugnier, Frances Westall, Charles S. Cockell, C. Moutou, Alain Léger, René Liseau, Pascale Bordé, Malcolm Fridlund, Huub Röttgering, Lucas Labadie, Eugene Serabyn, B. Chazelas, Marc Ollivier, Stefan Martin, Tom Herbst, Lisa Kaltenegger, Oliver P. Lay, Kenneth J. Johnston, William C. Danchi, Ralf Launhardt, Francesco Paresce, Yves Rabbia, Franck Selsis, Vincent Coudé du Foresto, Peter R. Lawson, Nuno C. Santos, Daniel Rouan, Alain Chelli, A. Brack, Jan-Willem den Herder, Dimitri Mawet, Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute [Milton Keynes] (PSSRI), Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research [Milton Keynes] (CEPSAR), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (LAOG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern], Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), SPEC Inc., Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hippolyte Fizeau (FIZEAU), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Landessternwarte Königstuhl [ZAH] (LSW), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto (CAUP), Universidade do Porto, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Engineering Department, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Universiteit Leiden, Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ONERA, and Universidade do Porto [Porto]
Subjects: Systematic error, Physics, Cosmic Vision, Habitable zone, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Exoplanets, Exomoon, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, Astrobiology, 010309 optics, Direct imaging of exoplanets, Space and Planetary Science, Primary (astronomy), 0103 physical sciences, Darwin (spacecraft), Nulling interferometry, Interferometer, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Circumstellar habitable zone
Abstract: International audience; As a response to ESA call for mission concepts for its Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 plan, we propose a mission called Darwin. Its primary goal is the study of terrestrial extrasolar planets and the search for life on them. In this paper, we describe different characteristics of the instrument.
Published: 2009

285. The Next-Generation Infrared Space Mission: SPICA

Author: Takao Nakagawa and The SPICA team
Subjects: Physics, Cosmic Vision, Infrared telescope, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Spica, Physics::History of Physics, Space exploration, Cosmology, law.invention, Telescope, Planet, law, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Space Science, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: We present an overview of SPICA (Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics), which is an astronomical mission optimized for mid- and far-infrared astronomy with a cryogenically cooled 3-m class (3.5 m in the current design) telescope. Its high spatial resolution and unprecedented sensitivity will enable us to address a number of key problems in present-day astronomy, ranging from the star-formation history of the universe to the formation of planets. To reduce the mass of the whole mission, SPICA will be launched at ambient temperature and cooled down on orbit by mechanical coolers on board with an efficient radiative cooling system, a combination of which allows us to have a 3-m class cooled (5 K) telescope in space with moderate total weight (4t). SPICA is an international mission. Japan is in charge of the whole integration of the system, and its activity is now approved as a pre-pro ject at JAXA. The assessment study on the European contribution to the SPICA pro ject has been carried out under the framework of the ESA Cosmic Vision 2015-2025. US and Korean participations are also being discussed extensively. The target launch year of SPICA is 2018.
Published: 2009

286. Mars environment and magnetic orbiter model payload

Author: J.E. Walhund, A. Pais, Pascal Tarits, S. Barabash, François Leblanc, T. Ott, Mioara Mandea, Stephen R. Lewis, Benoit Langlais, Helmut Lammer, Jean-Gabriel Trotignon, Eric Chassefière, J.G.M. Merayo, Martin Paetzold, Peter L. Read, Henri Rème, Gabriele Cremonese, François Forget, Andrew J. Coates, Susanne Vennerstrøm, Christophe Sotin, Michel Menvielle, Véronique Dehant, Miguel Lopez-Valverde, Doris Breuer, T. Fouchet, Graziella Branduardi-Raymont, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), HELIOS - LATMOS, Department of Physics [Coimbra], University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Universität zu Köln, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Space Institute [Lyngby] (DTU Space), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Swedish Space Corporation (SSC), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique de Nantes ( LPGN ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), IMPEC - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales ( LATMOS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique ( LESIA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] ( IRF ), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] ( DLR ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Mullard Space Science Laboratory ( MSSL ), University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels], Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) ( LMD ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences ( IWF ), Austrian Academy of Sciences ( OeAW ), The Open University [Milton Keynes] ( OU ), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía ( IAA ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam ( GFZ ), HEPPI - LATMOS, University of Coimbra [Portugal] ( UC ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), National Space Institute [Lyngby] ( DTU Space ), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] ( DTU ), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova ( OAPD ), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica ( INAF ), Swedish Space Corporation ( SSC ), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements ( CESR ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement ( LPCE ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), 2.3 Earth's Magnetic Field, 2.0 Physics of the Earth, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, University of Oxford, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Solar System, Cosmic Vision, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], planetary interior, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], 550 - Earth sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Atmosphere, Orbiter, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Orbital elements, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space vehicles, Mars Exploration Program, M-class mission, planetary evolution, solar conditions, [ SDU.ASTR.EP ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Solar wind, [ PHYS.ASTR.EP ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, MEMO, Magnetic fields, atmosphere, Physics::Space Physics, Solar-terrestrial relations, Mars Environment and Magnetic Orbiter, Timekeeping on Mars, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Planets and satellites, Solar system
Abstract: International audience; Mars Environment and Magnetic Orbiter was proposed as an answer to the Cosmic Vision Call of Opportunity as a M-class mission. The MEMO mission is designed to study the strong interconnections between the planetary interior, atmosphere and solar conditions essential to understand planetary evolution, the appearance of life and its sustainability. MEMO provides a high-resolution, complete, mapping of the magnetic field (below an altitude of about 250 km), with an yet unachieved full global coverage. This is combined with an in situ characterization of the high atmosphere and remote sensing of the middle and lower atmospheres, with an unmatched accuracy. These measurements are completed by an improved detection of the gravity field signatures associated with carbon dioxide cycle and to the tidal deformation. In addition the solar wind, solar EUV/UV and energetic particle fluxes are simultaneously and continuously monitored. The challenging scientific objectives of the MEMO mission proposal are fulfilled with the appropriate scientific instruments and orbit strategy. MEMO is composed of a main platform, placed on a elliptical (130 × 1,000 km), non polar (77° inclination) orbit, and of an independent, higher apoapsis (10,000 km) and low periapsis (300 km) micro-satellite. These orbital parameters are designed so that the scientific return of MEMO is maximized, in terms of measurement altitude, local time, season and geographical coverage. MEMO carry several suites of instruments, made of an ‘exospheric-upper atmosphere’ package, a ‘magnetic field’ package, and a ‘low-middle atmosphere’ package. Nominal mission duration is one Martian year.
Published: 2009

287. LAPLACE: A mission to Europa and the Jupiter System for ESA's Cosmic Vision Programme

Author: Michel Blanc, Scott Bolton, Robert T. Pappalardo, Willy Benz, Olivier Mousis, Reta Beebe, Olivier Grasset, Sushil K. Atreya, Yukihiro Takahashi, Federico Tosi, Véronique Dehant, Yann Alibert, Gerald Schubert, Olga Prieto-Ballesteros, Yasumasa Kasaba, Melissa A. McGrath, Takeshi Takashima, Athena Coustenis, Juergen Oberst, Sho Sasaki, Leonid I. Gurvits, Philippe Louarn, Tatsuaki Okada, Jonathan I. Lunine, Tim Van Hoolst, David Mimoun, Pierre Drossart, Tom Spilker, M. Roos-Serote, Daniel Prieur, Margaret G. Kivelson, Paul Hartogh, Lev Zelenyi, Hauke Hussmann, Norbert Krupp, Angioletta Coradini, Diego Turrini, Nicolas André, Pascal Regnier, Michele K. Dougherty, Krishan K. Khurana, Masaki Fujimoto, Christophe Sotin, École polytechnique (X), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences [Ann Arbor] (AOSS), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, New Mexico State University, Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), Space and Atmospheric Physics Group [London], Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London-Imperial College London, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE ERIC), DLR Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Tohoku University [Sendai], Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Université de Bretagne Occidentale - UFR Sciences et Techniques (UBO UFR ST), Université de Brest (UBO), EADS Astrium SAS, Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), and Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS)
Subjects: Solar System, Cosmic Vision, Jovian system, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Computer science, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Satellite system, ESA, Jovian, Galilean moons, Astrobiology, Jupiter, symbols.namesake, Exploration of Jupiter, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, Physics::Space Physics, symbols, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Europa
Abstract: 著者人数：43名, Accepted: 2008-10-06, 資料番号: SA1000997000
Published: 2009
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288. EPRAT—ExoPlanetary Roadmap Advisory Team—ESA’s Current Exoplanetary Activities

Author: Eprat Team and Malcolm Fridlund
Subjects: Physics, Cosmic Vision, Planet, Agency (sociology), Systems engineering, Timeline, Plan (drawing), Astronomical telescopes, Exoplanet, Astrobiology
Abstract: The European Space Agency has initiated the preparation of a roadmap in order to fulfill scientific goals of the Cosmic Vision scientific plan with respect to exoplanets and especially terrestrial bodies orbiting stars other than our Sun. The activity is intended to be finished in June 2010. In this paper we report initial considerations and give a timeline for the activity.
Published: 2009

289. PEGASE, an infrared interferometer to study stellar environments and low mass companions around nearby stars

Author: M. Ollivier, O. Absil, F. Allard, J.-P. Berger, P. Bordé, F. Cassaing, B. Chazelas, A. Chelli, O. Chesneau, V. Coudé du Foresto, D. Defrère, P. Duchon, P. Gabor, J. Gay, E. Herwats, S. Jacquinod, P. Kern, P. Kervella, J.-M. Le Duigou, A. Léger, B. Lopez, F. Malbet, D. Mourard, D. Pelat, G. Perrin, Y. Rabbia, D. Rouan, J.-M. Reiss, G. Rousset, F. Selsis, P. Stee, J. Surdej, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (LAOG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Étude des Phénomènes de Transfert et de l'Instantanéité : Agro-industrie et Bâtiment (LEPTIAB), Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Laboratoire Hippolyte Fizeau (FIZEAU), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Laboratoire Gemini (LG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des Mécanismes de la recombinaison (LMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departement d'Astrophysique Extragalactique et de Cosmologie (DAEC), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), La Rochelle Université (ULR), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Cosmic Vision, Infrared, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010309 optics, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Low mass objects, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Spacecraft, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Interferometry, Stars, Space interferometry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Darwin (spacecraft), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Nulling interferometry, business, Low Mass, Circumstellar habitable zone
Abstract: International audience; PEGASE is a mission dedicated to the exploration of the environment (including habitable zone) of young and solar-type stars (particularly those in the DARWIN catalogue) and the observation of low mass companions around nearby stars. It is a space interferometer project composed of three free flying spacecraft, respectively featuring two 40 cm siderostats and a beam combiner working in the visible and near infrared. It has been proposed to ESA as an answer to the first “Cosmic Vision” call for proposals, as an M mission. The concept also enables full-scale demonstration of space nulling interferometry operation for DARWIN.
Published: 2009

290. XPOL: a photoelectric polarimeter onboard XEUS

Author: M. Razzano, Paolo Soffitta, Enrico Costa, Francesco Lazzarotto, Michele Pinchera, Ennio Morelli, Massimo Minuti, Sergio Di Cosimo, Gloria Spandre, Alda Rubini, Giorgio Matt, Luca Latronicio, J. Bregeon, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Massimo Frutti, Alessandro Brez, and Fabio Muleri
Subjects: Physics, Cosmic Vision, Spacecraft, Payload, business.industry, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Polarimetry, FOS: Physical sciences, Polarimeter, Astrophysics, Cardinal point, Optics, Focal length, business, Image resolution
Abstract: The XEUS mission incorporates two satellites: the Mirror Spacecraft with 5 m2 of collecting area at 1 keV and 2 m2 at 7 keV, and an imaging resolution of 5" HEW and the Payload Spacecraft which carries the focal plane instrumentation. XEUS was submitted to ESA Cosmic Vision and was selected for an advanced study as a large mission. The baseline design includes XPOL, a polarimeter based on the photoelectric effect, that takes advantage of the large effective area which permits the study of the faint sources and of the long focal length, resulting in a very good spatial resolution, which allows the study of spatial features in extended sources. We show how, with XEUS, Polarimetry becomes an efficient tool at disposition of the Astronomical community., 10 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2008

291. Preliminary results on the internal assessment study of the ESA Cosmic Vision mission PLATO

Author: M. Fridlund, Nicola Rando, R. Lindberg, David H. Lumb, Philippe Gondoin, and R. den Hartog
Subjects: Physics, Cosmic Vision, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Lagrangian point, Asteroseismology, Exoplanet, law.invention, Telescope, Stars, Catadioptric system, law, Sky, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract: In order to better understand the properties of exoplanetary systems, the Cosmic Vision mission "PLAnetary Transits and Oscilliations of stars" (PLATO) will detect and characterise exoplanets using their transit signature in front of a large sample of bright stars as well as measuring the seismic oscillations of the parent star of these exoplanets. PLATO is a potential mission of the European Space Agency's Science programme Cosmic Vision 2015-2025, with a planned launch by the end of 2017. The mission will be orbiting the Sun-Earth second Lagrangian point, which provides a stable thermal environment and maximum uninterrupted observing efficiency. The payload will consist of a number of individual catadioptric telescopes, covering a large field-of-view on the sky. It will allow for continuous observation of predetermined star fields in order to detect many exoplanetary systems as well as smaller exoplanets with longer orbital periods. Such performance is achieved by high time-resolution, high precision, and high duty-cycle visible photometry using catadioptric telescopes with CCD detectors. In order to fulfill the specific science requirements, special attention is being paid to the opto-mechanical design of the payload, in order to maximize the field-of-view and throughput of the optical system, while minimizing the image distortion, mass and volume of each telescope to ensure compatibility with the launcher's maximum payload capability. Ground-based observations will complement the observations made by PLATO to allow for further exoplanetary characterization. The paper provides a summary of the preliminary results achieved by the ESA internal pre-assessment study.
Published: 2008

292. Results of the ESA internal assessment study of the European contribution to SPICA

Author: Takao Nakagawa, Nicola Rando, Thomas Jagemann, Ana M. Heras, Dominic Doyle, and Bruce Swinyard
Subjects: Physics, Cosmic Vision, Payload, business.industry, Infrared telescope, Imaging spectrometer, Astronomy, Spica, Spacecraft design, law.invention, Primary mirror, Telescope, law, Aerospace engineering, business
Abstract: SPICA (SPace Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics) was selected for study as a mission of opportunity within the science programme Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 of the European Space Agency, with a planned launch in 2017. Observing in the 5 - 210 micron waveband, one of its major goals is the discovery of the origins of planets and galaxies. ESA's contribution is the provision of the SPICA Telescope Assembly (STA) featuring a 3.5 m primary mirror cooled to < 5K, and instrument engineering and management of a nationally funded European FIR instrument (SAFARI) as part of SPICA's payload. SAFARI is an imaging spectrometer operating at 30 - 210 micron, baselined as a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS). An internal ESA study has been carried out to address the specific challenges associated in particular with STA and SAFARI, taking into account resource margins and interface specifications driven by the overall spacecraft design. This paper provides a summary of the preliminary results achieved during this study.
Published: 2008

293. B-Pol: detecting primordial gravitational waves generated during inflation

Author: Lucio Piccirillo, Paolo de Bernardis, Martin Bucher, Carlo Burigana, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d'Orsay [Orsay] (LPT), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Cosmic Vision, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), Cosmology, Space and Planetary Science, Satellite, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: B-Pol is a medium-class space mission aimed at detecting the primordial gravitational waves generated during inflation through high accuracy measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization. We discuss the scientific background, feasibility of the experiment, and implementation developed in response to the ESA Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Call for Proposals., Experimental Astronomy - The original publication is available at http://www.springerlink.com
Published: 2008
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294. Overview of ESA study activities on XEUS

Author: F. Safa, D. de Wilde, Didier D. E. Martin, Nicola Rando, Philippe Gondoin, T. Oosterbroek, Kotska Wallace, Peter Verhoeve, A. N. Parmar, and Marcos Bavdaz
Subjects: Physics, Cosmic Vision, Payload, Observatory, System level, Systems engineering, Astronomy
Abstract: The XEUS (X-ray Evolving Universe Spectroscopy) proposal has been recently selected by the science advisory structure of the European Space Agency as an L-class candidate mission. On this basis, XEUS will undergo an assessment study, in line with the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 selection process. The mission would represent a follow-up to XMM-Newton, providing a next generation X-ray observatory at disposal of the astrophysics community. The paper provides an overview of the recent study activities performed by ESA, including a critical review of the main requirements and a discussion on the associated impact at system level. The model payload presently considered for XEUS is also presented, as well as the technology developments needs.
Published: 2008

295. New perspectives in solar coronagraphy offered by formation flying: from PROBA-3 to Cosmic Vision

Author: S. Vives, Luc Damé, Serge Koutchmy, and P. Lamy
Subjects: Physics, Cosmic Vision, Spacecraft, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Solar physics, Corona, law.invention, Interferometry, Optics, law, Physics::Space Physics, Astronomical interferometer, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, Coronagraph, Eclipse
Abstract: Formation flying opens new perspectives in solar physics, and allow to conceive giant, externally-occulted coronagraphs using a two-component space system with the external occulter on one spacecraft and the optical instrument on the other spacecraft at a distance of hundred meters. Conditions close to those of a solar total eclipse can then be achieved offering the capability of imaging the solar corona down to the limb at very high spatial resolution. ASPIICS (Association de Satellites Pour l'Imagerie et l'Interferometrie de la Couronne Solaire) is a mission proposed to ESA in the framework of its PROBA-3 demonstration program of formation flying which is presently in phase A. ASPIICS is a single coronagraph which will perform both high spatial resolution imaging of the solar corona as well as 2-dimensional spectroscopy of several emission lines from the coronal base out to 3 Rb using a Fabry-Perot etalon interferometer. The classical design of an externally-occulted coronagraph is adapted to the formation flying configuration allowing the detection of the very inner corona as close as 0.01 Rb from the solar limb. Super-ASPIICS is an even more ambitious instrument part of the scientific payload of HiRise, the High Resolution Imaging and Spectroscopy Explorer proposed to ESA in the framework of its Cosmic Vision program. With an increased inter-satellite distance of 280 m, an aperture of 300 mm, a spectral domain extending from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared, and spectroscopic capabilities, Super-ASPIICS will offer unprecedented diagnostic capabilities, including the measurement of coronal magnetic fields.
Published: 2008

296. The challenges posed by future far-IR and sub-mm space missions: an overview

Author: R. Lindberg, Peter Verhoeve, A. Lyngvi, F. Safa, and Nicola Rando
Subjects: Cultural heritage, Physics, Technology readiness, symbols.namesake, Cosmic Vision, COSMIC cancer database, Cosmic microwave background, Systems engineering, symbols, Space Science, Planck, Space exploration, Remote sensing
Abstract: The response to the ESA Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Call for Proposals has confirmed a strong interest in the scientific community for far-IR and sub-mm space science missions. Such missions would build on the heritage of projects such as ISO, Akari, Planck, Herschel and Spitzer, with even more demanding requirements and ambitious science goals. The paper, based on the results obtained during two ESA Technology Reference Studies, analyses the requirements of mission studies such as the Far IR Interferometer and the Cosmic Microwave Polarisation Mapper, identifying the main technical challenges and critical technology developments required in order to achieve an adequate level of technology readiness in the future.
Published: 2008

297. The XEUS focal plane instruments

Author: D. Willingale, Didier Barret, Luigi Piro, Piet A. J. de Korte, Didier D. E. Martin, Lionel Duband, Arvind Parmar, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Lothar Strüder, and Tadayuki Takahashi
Subjects: Physics, Cardinal point, Cosmic Vision, Optics, business.industry, Instrumentation, Aerospace engineering, X ray instrumentation, business, Space research
Abstract: This paper describes the focal plane instrumentation of the XEUS mission as proposed for ESA's Cosmic Vision program. Each of the instruments is described in some detail with its performance characteristics given. The development status of the instrument complement and the items requiring further development are indicated.
Published: 2008

298. Large effective area high angular resolution x-ray optics

Author: Marco W. Beijersbergen, Giuseppe Vacanti, M. Collon, David H. Lumb, Marcos Bavdaz, Kotska Wallace, and E.-J. Buis
Subjects: Physics, X-ray astronomy, Cosmic Vision, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Antenna aperture, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, X-ray optics, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Focal length, Angular resolution, business, Image resolution
Abstract: The future large X-ray astrophysics observatories after XMM and Chandra will require novel optics to be developed, in order to provide the combination of large effective area, low mass and adequate angular resolution. In particular the XEUS mission candidate [1,2], as selected in the first slice of the Cosmic Vision 1525 programme, has stringent and demanding requirements on the performance of the required X-ray optics forming the core of the mission concept. A summary of the specific requirements and boundary conditions for the XEUS X-ray optics is provided, followed by an outline and status of the options being considered in the XEUS studies and technology preparations. A discussion of the main design parameters is done, in particular of the impact of the focal length choice, and the application of coatings. The feasibility of the mechanical implementation of the considered telescope optical design in a flight model is not addressed in this study.
Published: 2008

299. SPICA mission for mid- and far-infrared astronomy

Author: Takao Nakagawa
Subjects: Physics, Cosmic Vision, Infrared telescope, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Far-infrared astronomy, Spica, Orbital mechanics, Physics::History of Physics, law.invention, Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, law, Planet, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: SPICA (Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics) is an astronomical mission optimized for mid- and far-infrared astronomy with a cryogenically cooled 3.5 m telescope. Its high spatial resolution and unprecedented sensitivity in the mid- and far-infrared will enable us to address a number of key problems in present-day astronomy, ranging from the star-formation history of the universe to the formation of planets. To reduce the mass of the whole mission, SPICA will be launched at ambient temperature and cooled down on orbit by mechanical coolers on board with an efficient radiative cooling system, a combination of which allows us to have a 3.5-m class cooled (5 K) telescope in space with moderate total weight (3t). SPICA is proposed as a Japanese-led mission together with extensive international collaboration. The assessment study on the European contribution to the SPICA project has started under the framework of the ESA Cosmic Vision 2015-2025. US and Korean participations are also being discussed extensively. The target launch year of SPICA is 2017.
Published: 2008

300. The European contribution to the SPICA mission

Author: P. Mauskopf, Sébastien Vivès, Nicola Rando, Thomas Jagemann, Anna Maria Di Giorgio, Ana M. Heras, Lionel Duband, Doug Griffin, Hideo Matsuhara, Bruce Swinyard, Takao Nakagawa, Javier R. Goicoechea, Norbert Geis, Paul Eccleston, Jochem J. A. Baselmans, Marc Ferlet, Kate Gudrun Isaak, Nicholas Luchier, Walfried Raab, Louis Rodriguez, and F. Pinsard
Subjects: Physics, Telescope, Cosmic Vision, law, Infrared telescope, Astronomy, Spica, Ground segment, law.invention
Abstract: The Japanese led Space Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA) will observe the universe over the 5 to 210 micron band with unprecedented sensitivity owing to its cold (~5 K) 3.5m telescope. The scientific case for a European involvement in the SPICA mission has been accepted by the ESA advisory structure and a European contribution to SPICA is undergoing an assessment study as a Mission of Opportunity within the ESA Cosmic Vision 1015-2015 science mission programme. In this paper we describe the elements that are being studied for provision by Europe for the SPICA mission. These entail ESA directly providing the cryogenic telescope and ground segment support and a consortium of European insitutes providing a Far Infrared focal plane instrument. In this paper we describe the status of the ESA study and the design status of the FIR focal plane instrument.
Published: 2008

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