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The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) forms an essential component of the global ocean circulation. Paleoclimate records indicate the AMOC's capability to tip between different states that resulted in large global climate impacts. Using an AMOC box model, re‐calibrated against a global circulation model, HadGEM3, we present a new bifurcation analysis and showcase mechanisms that may lead the AMOC to tip from its current 'on' state to a collapsed 'off' state under climate change. We find that bifurcation‐ and noise‐induced tipping remain viable tipping mechanisms as in previous calibrations, while rate‐induced tipping only occurs for specific parameter configurations of this model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of implementing a psychological first aid intervention for psychological distress, resilience capacity, quality and meaning of life among survivors affected by earthquake adversity in Northern Syria. Methods: A quasi‐experimental, pre‐posttest, two‐group research design was utilized. A convenience sample of 95 survivors (46 in the study group and 49 in the control group) was recruited for the psychological First Aid intervention at a 1:1 ratio. The psychological first aid intervention was delivered in 10 sessions, twice weekly, followed by 3‐month follow‐up. Results: A statistically significant improvement in the mean scores of resilience capacity, quality and meaning of life among survivors, along with a significant reduction in psychological distress, was registered among the study group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Our work verified the suitability of implementing psychological first aid following the catastrophic temblors which struck Northern Syria. Given that the psychological first aid intervention is grounded in psychological safety, cognitive reframing, mobilization of social support and installation of hope, the feasibility of its path following public health emergency, traumatic events or even a personal crisis can be favourable. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? On 6 February 2023, a massive earthquake devastated large portions of war‐torn northwest Syria and southern Turkey, leaving millions in these regions battling to reconstruct their lives.In northwest Syria, strong aftershocks left more than 4500 people dead, injured hundreds more and demolished at least 10 000 structures.Disasters such as earthquakes can have a significant impact on the mental health and well‐being of those affected. Survivors may experience high levels of psychological distress and other negative mental health recovery outcomes.There is a need for psychologically supportive interventions such as the psychological first aid intervention to help survivors cope with the aftermath of such disasters.What this paper adds? A statistically significant improvement in the mean scores of resilience capacity, quality and meaning of life among survivors, along with a significant reduction in psychological distress, was registered among the study group compared to the control group.Our work verified the suitability of implementing the psychological first aid intervention following the catastrophic temblors which struck Northern Syria.The implications of this paper: Being ready for disasters is critical; health care professionals, including nurses, are one of the most frequently requested actors in disaster interventions.Nurses are an indispensable part in ascertaining the psychological repercussions of disasters on survivors, families and communities.Due to their training and professional experience, nurses can take the lead in reducing health‐threatening risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on abuse is often piecemeal and focused on specific forms, populations, and social situations. As a result, these studies tend to ignore the web of abuse resulting from the interactive effects of various forms of abuse over the life course, together referred to as "lifetime abuse." An examination of abuse from the point of view of older adults is likely to provide a lifetime perspective based on linking child abuse to elder abuse over the life course and an assessment of its consequences. Despite the growing awareness and resulting body of knowledge regarding this phenomenon, proposed theoretical formulations about it remain limited. The present article aimed to conceptualize the multifaceted phenomenon of lifetime abuse and to gain a deeper perspective of the topic by understanding its dimensions, meanings, and experiences in older age, based on a critical review of empirical studies. A model is suggested, which can be useful for future exploration and understanding of lifetime abuse. Based on a critical review of previous studies, we suggest a theoretical framework of lifetime abuse from the perspective of older adults, identifying three key domains: (a) perception of time and life review in old age; (b) cumulative and interactive abusive life events; and (c) resilience versus vulnerability over the life course. We propose a heuristic model to explore and understand lifetime abuse. We believe our proposed model is open to reflection and elaboration and is intended to raise questions that could enhance the need for our understanding of lifetime abuse in old age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature lacks a rigorous psychometric evaluation of the Arabic version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study aims to evaluate reliability, determine the underlying factor structure of the Arabic version of HADS and assess its suitability as screening tool for depression and anxiety among Arabic HD patients. A sample of 370 HD patients were recruited from all health districts in Kuwait. Reliability for HADS (all items) and its subscales HADS-A (anxiety) and HADS-D (depression) were estimated using Cronbach's alpha and item analysis was conducted. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to extract and test the factor structure for the Arabic version of HADS. Eight models were tested using CFA to determine goodness-of-fit. The Cronbach α for the Arabic HADS (all items), HADS-A and HADS-D were 0.884, 0.852 and 0.764, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient between HADS-A and HADS-D subscales indicated significant correlation (r = +0.69, PV < 0.001). EFA indicated two factors with eigenvalues >1, which accounted for 48.5% of the total variance. CFA revealed the one-factor model had the poorest fit, the two-factor models with acceptable fit, and three-factor models showed good fit. The Arabic HADS has good reliability and internal consistency, which warrants its use in screening for anxiety and depression among Arabic HD patients. Furthermore, the three-factor structure has shown a better fit which warrants further exploration in HD patients with the advancement in theory of psychological models for anxiety and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical and empirical research indicates that insecure attachment with parents may function as a mediator between aversive parenting and adolescent depression. However, no longitudinal research has differentiated the roles of internal representations of parental attachment, especially the roles of the two internal working models (i.e., the self-model and the other model) in the longitudinal relation from harsh parenting to adolescent depression and whether adolescent mindfulness can play a moderating role in such relationships. Six hundred and forty-five school children completed a paper-and-pencil questionnaire in school three times with two eight-month intervals (338 girls and 307 boys, mean age = 13.45), and data on harsh parenting, internal working models, and depression were collected at three time points, and mindfulness were collected only at Time 1. Results demonstrated that among adolescents low in mindfulness, harsh parenting could undermine positivity of the self-model, which could further elevate the risk of adolescent depression. In comparison, these predictive relations did not exist among highly mindful adolescents. To our knowledge, this study is the first one to differentiate the roles of the two elements of internal working models in a longitudinal research design, which highlights the significant role of the impaired self-model in the development of adolescent depression in the context of aversive parenting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separation of macro-level and microbial food webs is typical but has important limits. A multilayered food web conceptual model is needed because microbial food webs are nested within macro-organisms. These multilayered microbial food webs likely influence the network dynamics of macro-level food webs. A multilayered food webs model opens new avenues for empirical investigations into the complexity of ecological networks. The model can provide a new lens through which to view a network's response to ecosystem changes. Food webs are typically defined as being macro-organism-based (e.g., plants, mammals, birds) or microbial (e.g., bacteria, fungi, viruses). However, these characterizations have limits. We propose a multilayered food web conceptual model where microbial food webs are nested within food webs composed of macro-organisms. Nesting occurs through host–microbe interactions, which influence the health and behavior of host macro-organisms, such that host microbiomes likely alter population dynamics of interacting macro-organisms and vice versa. Here, we explore the theoretical underpinnings of multilayered food webs and the implications of this new conceptual model on food web ecology. Our framework opens avenues for new empirical investigations into complex ecological networks and provides a new lens through which to view a network's response to ecosystem changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A revised looming vulnerability model is described that updates the original conceptual model and synthesizes new findings and evidence. The revised model extends the notion of dynamic threat by describing the role of cognitive-perceptual distortions. Moreover, it suggests that dynamic threat perceptions, particularly that threats are approaching, serve as warning signals that lower the threshold for appraising threat, influencing negative emotional responses (primarily but not only anxiety and fear), cognitive-affective processing, behavior, and maladaptive coping. Individual differences in "looming cognitive style" can lead to transdiagnostic vulnerability to anxiety (and less so, to depression), maladaptive defensive reactions, cognitive-affective (experiential) avoidance, and stress generation. Methods: This article reviews the conceptualization proposed by the revised looming vulnerability model, and comprehensively reviews its scientific foundation, and current supporting evidence that has accrued for the model across diverse research domains. Results: The revised conceptualization of the looming vulnerability model is amply supported by the accumulated research, which highlights the importance of dynamic stimuli for attention, memory, emotional, and neurological response. Likewise, the looming cognitive style is supported by a substantial number of studies, linking it to cognitive vulnerability to anxiety, biased threat processing, maladaptive coping and cognitive-affective avoidance, and developmental antecedents. Conclusions: The review of evidence supports the revised looming vulnerability model's tenets about the importance of dynamic stimulusi features, which previous models have neglected, and of the looming cognitive style, which is proposed as a distinct cognitive vulnerability Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the potential mediating roles of relationship satisfaction and dual-career lifestyle satisfaction in the association between investments and commitment to a relationship. The participants comprise 213 Turkish dual-career married couples (N = 426) between the ages of 19–60, who have been married for at least seven months. Two models were proposed, and the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model (APIMeM) was conducted to test these models. The results revealed that the associations of both past and planned intangible investments to commitment were partially mediated through relationship satisfaction for both wives and husbands. This study provided support for the dyadic nature of the association between intangible investments and commitment via relationship satisfaction in Turkish dual-career married couples and discussed the findings in relation to the relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prior studies suggest that lower levels of mindfulness contribute to the motivation of using alcohol to cope with distress. Research examining this possibility is scarce or limited to alcohol, but not marijuana, related outcomes. Objectives: We examined separate models (for alcohol and for marijuana) to determine the associations between trait mindfulness (describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, non-reactivity) and alcohol and marijuana outcomes (use indicators and negative consequences) via emotional psychopathology (i.e., a latent variable assessing symptoms of depression and anxiety) and alcohol/marijuana coping motives. Results: The final analytic sample consisted of 456 participants (Mean age = 22.96 ± 3.12 years; 66.2% women) for the alcohol model; and 232 participants (Mean age = 22.96 ± 3.01 years; 66.2% women) for the marijuana model. Two path models were conducted, such that indirect paths were examined for each trait mindfulness facet on alcohol/marijuana outcomes (e.g., describing → emotional psychopathology → alcohol coping motives → binge drinking frequency). Within the comprehensive alcohol model, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging and non-reactivity were associated with less binge drinking frequency and lower number of alcohol-related negative consequences via lower severity of emotional psychopathology symptoms and lower endorsement of drinking to cope motives. For the marijuana model, describing, acting with awareness, and non-judging of inner experience were associated with less marijuana quantity (grams) consumed and lower number of marijuana-related negative consequences via lower severity of emotional psychopathology symptoms and lower endorsement of marijuana coping motives. Conclusions: Prevention and intervention programs of alcohol and marijuana in Argentina may benefit from improving mindfulness skills and targeting emotional psychopathology and motives to use drugs, to prevent or reduce negative drug-related consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Suicide among farmers has, over the past 20 years, garnered attention from scholars around the world. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, this paper will present a framework for considering farmer suicide that builds upon the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicidal Behavior and extends our current explanations of suicide to include a multilevel, multifactorial focus on individual, interpersonal, community and systemic factors at the root of stressors contributing to suicide among farmers. Secondly, a blueprint for farmer suicide prevention, leveraging the Water of Systems Change Model, is proposed. Method: In the spirit of conveying multi-layered influence on farmer suicide while highlighting relevant levels for prevention a parsimonious, prevention-based model of farmer suicide is presented. Results: The Water of Systems Change (WSC) model incorporates research to bring attention to the community, organizational, and societal conditions that keep a problem, such as farmer suicide, from being eradicated. Conclusion: Suicide is a societal issue that requires a multi-level response. Farmer suicide is a particular concern, as farmers provide for and support all of us. It is incumbent upon public health and the community-at-large to improve our policies, systems, and contexts to create an environment in which farmers are also provided for and supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model to examine how parents' adult attachment influences their their own and the partners' co-parenting and parent-child relationships. Participants were from a cross-sectional sample of 1313 Chinese heterosexual married couples (fathers' Mage = 39.74, SD = 5.61; mothers' Mage = 37.55, SD = 5.04) whose biological children were pupils (Mage = 10.25, SD = 2.35). Results revealed that: (a) Couple members' actor effects from adult attachment avoidance to positive and negative co-parenting and parent-child closeness and conflict were found both significant; (b) The actor effects from adult attachment anxiety to negative co-parenting and parent-child conflict were found significant, whereas only partner effect from attachment avoidance to positive co-parenting and from attachment anxiety to parent-child conflict were significant. The results highlight the negative effects of parents' attachment avoidance and anxiety on their partners' parenting function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social competence is crucial to functioning in youth with chronic medical conditions. Developmentally sensitive measures of social functioning in this population can aid clinicians in identifying skill deficits and informing treatment interventions that improve social competence. The study explored the psychometric properties of a proposed social functioning measure utilizing data obtained from a clinical sample of chronically ill adolescents enrolled in an evidence-based manualized psychosocial treatment program. Initial exploratory findings support the potential for the SDI to be a valid, reliable, and clinically sensitive measure of adolescent social functioning in teens experiencing functional disability associated with their chronic health conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disclosure decision-making model (DD-MM) has been heavily explored within its initially proposed scope. Fewer known studies have tested the DD-MM's boundaries by assessing the model's application beyond close personal relationships, and none have explored it in a context outside of long-term health conditions. The current study investigates the disclosure decision-making process of patients to their healthcare providers when they experience situational confusion. A primarily quantitative online survey analyzed data from 251 U.S. adults who felt confusion during a recent appointment with their healthcare provider. Findings indicate that, although stigma and perceived disclosure efficacy impacted patient confusion disclosure as anticipated, anticipated response and relational quality (i.e., receiver assessments) did not play a significant role in disclosure. Stigma, anticipated response, and perceived disclosure efficacy were all related to remaining patient confusion as expected. This study contributes to our understanding of the scope of disclosure decision-making model as well as the to-date overlooked nuances of situational patient confusion: what impacts confusion disclosure and its likelihood to remain beyond the appointment's end. Limitations, implications, and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Executive Functioning (EF) is a construct that is considered central to cognitive development and has recently garnered attention for its potential role in social functioning. This study investigated the relationship between EF and social skill using both multiple regression and relative weights analyses. Participants: A sample of undergraduate college students in the U.S. (N = 257; Nfemale = 145; Mage = 19.51) participated for course credit. Methods: Participants completed an online survey. Data were analyzed using multiple regression and relative weights analysis to better understand the unique contribution of EF skills to specific social skills. Results: For some dimensions of EF, ability positively correlated with adaptive social outcome, whereas for some other dimensions, lower ability correlated with positive social outcomes. Conclusions: EF may play a role in the general social functioning of college students, though the relationship appears complex and domain-specific. Statement of relevance: Social interaction is one of the most important things that humans do on a day-to-day basis, impacting both mental and physical wellness. College is a particularly important period where social interaction becomes increasingly important as well as complex. While there is no currently agreed upon cognitive basis of social interaction, the executive function (EF) system is believed to play a central role. The current study provides further evidence of the role of the EF system across different social skills in addition to highlighting the complexity of these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-19 pandemic has caused crisis and uncertainty which adversely influenced innovation performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Innovation is a primary source of survival and growth in SMEs; therefore, this study aims to develop and empirically analyse conceptual model that sustains innovation performance of SMEs during the pandemic. This study integrates knowledge-based view (KBV) with a self-tuning model to examine Chinese manufacturing SMEs. Survey data of 306 responses were collected from the top and mid management and analysed through Smart-PLS 3. Results indicate a positive effect of knowledge coupling on innovation performance; besides, ambidexterity and market capitalising agility (MCA) positively mediate between knowledge coupling and SME innovation performance. This study contributes to KBV, self-tuning, strategy, innovation and crisis management literature. To practitioners, this study advises developing dynamic capabilities to sustain innovations during pandemic crisis. This is the earliest empirical examination to mediate the effect of knowledge coupling on innovation performance through ambidexterity and MCA during a crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examined the association between approach and avoidance coping strategies and psychological stress during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Participants were 62 adults who were recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Data collection lasted for 29 d in May 2020. Multilevel modeling revealed no significant association between approach coping strategies and psychological stress among individuals, and engaging in approach coping more than the usual days was also not associated with lower stress. Regarding avoidance coping strategies, they were positively associated with psychological stress among individuals, and when individuals engaged in avoidance coping more than usual, those individuals were more likely to experience psychological stress. Interestingly, the strength of the association between approach coping strategies and psychological stress was dependent on the levels of psychological stress, where the strength became weaker as the level of stress increased. Similarly, the strength of the association between avoidance coping and stress was also dependent on stress at the beginning of the study, where the strength of the association became stronger as the level of stress increased. Current results raise the importance of being mindful of an individual's psychological stress as the effectiveness of coping strategies may differ based on one's level of stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As autistic children are being diagnosed at a younger age, the need to identify appropriate early supports has increased. Therapist-delivered and parent-mediated autism intervention may benefit children and parents. Objective: This pilot study examined developmental outcomes for autistic pre-schoolers and mental health and wellbeing outcomes for their parents (n = 53) following a 10-month intervention period. Methods: All families were accessing therapist-delivered interventions—the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) or usual community services—and some families also received additional parent-coaching ESDM (P-ESDM). Families were assessed at 3 timepoints. Results: Overall children made significant gains in cognitive skills and adaptive behaviour, with no differences between groups. Parents overall reported increased parenting stress over time. P-ESDM conferred no added benefit for child outcomes, and similarly, no clear benefit for parent outcomes. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that children receiving early intervention make developmental gains, regardless of type of intervention, and challenges assumptions that, as an adjunct to other intervention programs, P-ESDM improves child or parent outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the effects of parent-mediated programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agent-based models (ABMs) are commonly used tools across diverse disciplines, from ecology to social sciences and technology. Despite the effectiveness of the widely adopted Overview, Design concepts, and Details (ODD) protocol in ensuring transparency in ABM design and assumptions, the accompanying model descriptions are often lengthy, making quick overviews challenging. To facilitate comprehension, manuscripts, presentations, and posters often include visualisations of the model. Yet, the diversity of visualisation approaches complicates model comparisons and requires additional time for viewers to grasp the figure layouts. Additionally, these visualisations are usually poorly linked to corresponding sections of the written ODD model description. To address these challenges, we propose the standardised visual ODD (vODD) aimed to provide a quick overview of models and simplify the link to the written model description for readers who are more interested in specific elements. The standardised visualisation assigns defined positions for ODD elements for easy reference and comparison. We provide examples and guidance on constructing vODDs, along with templates for modellers to create their own visuals. While advocating for simplicity, we also illustrate how more complex models can still be effectively depicted in such visualisations. By establishing a generalised visualisation applicable to agent-based and other simulation models, we aim to improve the rapid comprehension of models and streamline graphical model representations in manuscripts, presentations, and posters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Computer Science & Technology (JCS&T) is the property of Journal of Computer Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science & Engineering / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science & Literature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Organizations are full of contradictions and leadership dilemmas. Managers often face challenges such as selecting between two contradicting options such that which one is more important can hardly be judged. To manage contradicting dynamics, today's managers can adopt the paradoxical leadership approach. We build a theoretical model to investigate the influence of paradoxical leadership on multi-dimensional project agility (proactivity, adaptability, and resilience), and multi-dimensional project success (management, investment, and ownership success). Design/methodology/approach: Drawing on survey-based data from the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) megaproject (N = 209), we performed covariance-based structural equation modeling to test the conceptual model. Findings: The findings show that (1) paradoxical leadership has a significant positive impact on megaproject success, (2) paradoxical leadership has a significant positive influence on project agility, (3) project agility has a significant positive effect on megaproject success, and (4) project agility has a significant effect that mediates the link between paradoxical leadership and megaproject success. This research provides a theoretical and practical comprehension of paradoxical leadership with a new perspective on megaprojects. Originality/value: This study provides an extension of the existing studies on paradoxical leadership and identifies the role of contradicting dynamics and their impact on multiple facets of megaproject success. It not only clarifies the relationship between paradoxical leadership and megaproject success, but also identifies the mediating role of project agility that can play an effective role in mobilizing success in megaprojects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the psychopedagogical issues of teacher preparation and the research conducted in this area. The difficulties arising in teacher preparation stem from several reasons. These reasons include significant differences in education systems across various countries, the differing application of teaching principles and methods, and the existence of various conceptual models for teacher preparation. Since the models of teacher preparation cannot be mechanically applied to different education systems, serious investigation into the issues of teacher preparation is required. The research presented in the article is classified into two categories based on the spatial principle and level of development: studies conducted in our country and those conducted in foreign countries. The research shows that approaches to teacher preparation are primarily addressed in the context of the requirements placed on the teacher's personality, the psychological aspects of pedagogical activity, and the overall issues of teacher preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate risks are growing. Research is increasingly important to inform the design of risk‐management strategies. Assessing such strategies necessarily brings values into research. But the values assumed within research (often only implicitly) may not align with those of stakeholders and decision makers. These misalignments are often invisible to researchers and can severely limit research relevance or lead to inappropriate policy advice. Aligning strategy assessments with stakeholders' values requires a holistic approach to research design that is oriented around those values from the start. Integrating values into research in this way requires collaboration with stakeholders, integration across disciplines, and attention to all aspects of research design. Here we describe and demonstrate a qualitative conceptual tool called a values‐informed mental model (ViMM) to support such values‐centered research design. ViMMs map stakeholders' values onto a conceptual model of a study system to visualize the intersection of those values with coupled natural‐human system dynamics. Through this mapping, ViMMs integrate inputs from diverse collaborators to support the design of research that assesses risk‐management strategies in light of stakeholders' values. We define a visual language for ViMMs, describe accompanying practices and workflows, and present an illustrative application to the case of flood‐risk management in a small community along the Susquehanna river in the Northeast United States. Plain Language Summary: Individuals, organizations, businesses, and governments face difficult choices about how to adapt to the changing climate. Research can help by, for example, providing insights about future climate conditions or showing how potential courses of action may play out under those conditions. But like all decisions, climate adaptation decisions are fundamentally driven by values. What do people want to achieve through adaptation? There are many answers to this question, and different people may care about different things. Research that evaluates possible adaptation outcomes on grounds different from what people actually care about may be useless or even harmful. To design good research on adaptation strategies, we need to collaborate with stakeholders, communicate across disciplines, and strike the right balance with practical limitations on time, resources, and scientific feasibility. In this article, we present a framework for designing climate‐risk research that looks at policy options from the perspective of stakeholders by focusing on aspects of the potential outcomes that matter to those stakeholders. A key component of the approach is collaborative system diagramming to build shared understanding of the problem and relevant science. A second component is careful review of interviews or focus groups to identify stakeholders' values and make clear how those values intersect with the study system and any scientific modeling of that system. We demonstrate the approach using an example about flood risk. Key Points: Assessing risk‐management strategies inherently imposes a value perspective on climate researchWe suggest assessing potential outcomes of strategy implementation from the perspective(s) of those potentially affectedWe propose a qualitative framework and workflow for building stakeholders' values into scientific assessment of impacts and outcomes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chain performance (SCP) is the major factor that helps companies to increase its competitiveness. However, knowledge management (KM) has, in appearance, a direct impact on SCP, but its formalization remains always ambiguous. In fact, this paper aims to determine KM impact on SCP facets (SCPF) through highlighting the relation between KM elements (KME) and SCPF. Proposed approach consists, first, to design a conceptual model identifying the relationship between KME and SCPF. Thereafter, to implement this model, quality function deployment (QFD) house of quality (HOQ) was used. Through the interrelationship matrix, the impact of each KME on whole SCPF can be measured and evaluated, similarly, the impact of whole KME on each SCPF. Finally, based on interviews treated with the managers of SIDILEC international company, a case study was implemented. The results demonstrate that knowledge application, sharing, and capitalization are the most impacting KME on all SCPF. Furthermore, reliability and sustainability are the most impacted SCPF by all KME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research studies factors affecting the rapid spread of a donor-driven, Feeding America BackPack (weekend food assistance) program at schools in northwestern North Carolina. Foodbank data are matched with census tract, administrative-school, and GIS data for places of worship (PWs), facilitating analyses of the role of need, religion, and race/ethnicity. Our conceptual model yields a new hybrid fragmentation index that captures racial/ethnic differences between the school and community. Consistent with the model, discrete-time survival estimates suggest that schools with a racial/ethnic composition different from the surrounding community were less likely to get a program, especially if no other program-eligible schools were nearby. The GIS-created PWs bring new information, but yield results only weakly suggestive of a positive relationship. Results withstand falsification and robustness checks. A descriptive update reveals that most high-need schools eventually offered weekend food assistance but that race/ethnicity may still play a role for those that do not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An accumulating body of research has demonstrated that artificial intelligence (AI) is an indistinguishable feature of the fourth industrial revolution. This study integrates the literature on AI and new technologies to examine the constraining and facilitating forces for developing and scaling-up AI-enabling technologies in Africa. This article proposes an integrated conceptual model to elucidate the range of external drivers encompassing global competitive drivers, and market and industry drivers. The internal drivers include the potential to enhance product development speed, improve quality, drive production cost down, and minimise errors and manual processes in organisations. The barriers identified include institutional dysfunction, poor infrastructure to support development of large-scale AI, lack of skilled AI experts, and lack of access to latest technologies in the regional population. The public policy implications for Africa as the potential next frontier market for AI development are discussed alongside contributions to theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the influence of blended learning on the personality education aspect of wisdom education among undergraduates in Jinan, Shandong province, China. The rapid development of information technology brings many opportunities to education but also results in various challenges. The main purpose of this study is to establish a model for wisdom education. This study employs a pragmatic approach, with qualitative research serving as the dominant role and quantitative research as a support. Interviews were conducted with a sample of 23 lecturers and students, and a questionnaire was given to a larger, more representative sample of students (n = 423) using the blended learning mode. The results from the multiple data sources were then integrated to inform the development of a new conceptual model of personality education in the blended learning mode, which highlighted a significant correlation between personality education and the blended learning mode. The research findings were systematically organized in a coherent manner, ensuring that each of the research objectives was addressed impartially. Although it is recognized that the current study has certain limitations, the proposed model for the purpose of enhancing personality education in the context of wisdom education represents a significant milestone in the history of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of permafrost agradation within peat mires leading to palsa growth and palsa dynamics during the Holocene are important for predicting the future of permafrost in a changing climate. The radiocarbon age of peat cover and stable isotope composition of the ice cores of palsas near Eletsky settlement, north‐east of the European part of Russia, were studied. Palsa growth was the most active between 8 and 5 cal ka BP. The main sources for ice core formation were precipitation‐fed surface and suprapermafrost waters. It is assumed that the isotope composition of the initial water was isotopically depleted compared with modern surface waters, which may be explained by general climate cooling during earlier stages of palsa growth (response to the 8.2 ka cooling event). The ice cores of the studied palsas were formed during the freezing of water in semi‐closed conditions, mainly by the segregation mechanism during permafrost agradation, thickness of the ice lenses and ice volume could depend on freezing rates and water supply. The upper part of the palsa ice core experienced deep thawing and could be saturated with meteoric water; repeated freezing of this part of the ice core likely occurred in closed system conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the application of conceptual hydrological models in optimizing the operation of hydroelectric power plants (HPPs) in steppe regions, a crucial aspect of promoting low-carbon energy solutions. The study aims to identify the most suitable conceptual hydrological model for predicting reservoir inflows from multiple catchments in a steppe region, where spring runoff dominates the annual water volume and requires careful consideration of snowfall. Two well-known conceptual models, HBV and GR6J-CemaNeige, which incorporate snow-melting processes, were evaluated. The research also investigated the best approach to preprocessing historical data to enhance model accuracy. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of accurately defining low-water periods to ensure reliable HPP operation through more accurate inflow forecasting. A hypothesis was proposed to explore the relationship between atmospheric circulation and the definition of low-water periods; however, the findings did not support this hypothesis. Overall, the results suggest that combining the conceptual models under consideration can lead to more accurate forecasts, underscoring the need for integrated approaches in managing HPP reservoirs and promoting sustainable energy production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars across disciplines (e.g., medicine and health, human resource management, organizational behaviour) have paid increasing attention to employee assistance programmes (EAPs) over the past 40 years. Our study systematically reviewed 327 EAP studies published in peer‐reviewed journals from 1980 to December 2021. We provided both descriptive and thematic analyses of this body of literature. We revealed that existing research has not paid sufficient attention to the role of multiple stakeholders, the importance of context and the strategic nature of EAPs, all of which are critical to EAP effectiveness. To fill these gaps, we develop an integrated conceptual model for EAP research that highlights the stakeholder perspective, strategic human resource management and contextual approach. We argue that EAPs cannot yield desirable outcomes without three forms of 'strategic fit': the internal fit between EAPs and a bundle of HR strategies; the organizational fit between EAPs and business strategies; and the environmental fit between EAPs and the environmental contexts. We suggest that employees and other diverse stakeholders should proactively engage in the EAP process to achieve mutual gains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to explain and demonstrate how the Repertory Grid Technique (RGT) and Honey's Content Analysis (HCA) can make new contributions to the field of Operations and Supply Chain Management (OSCM). The proposition involves integrating these complementary analyses to fortify the rigor of qualitative research and establish robust data analysis protocols to identify the main attributes of interviewees regarding a phenomenon while understanding in their perspective how these attributes impact the desired analysis outcome. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses examples with rich empirical data from 40 interviewees across two organizations. The examples use a protocol that allows the grouping of meanings from different knowledgeable individuals and capturing relevant constructs related to an outcome. Findings: The combination of RGT and HCA permits researchers to effectively identify and analyze the constructs individuals and groups utilize to comprehend the subject matter under investigation. Consequently, these techniques present a structured means to conduct grounded theory investigations and interpretive research, thereby enabling the iterative development of the preliminary conceptual models necessary for OSCM field advancement. Originality/value: We present two examples in which the protocol is applied to the field of OSCM. These examples illustrate that the techniques provide valuable opportunities for OSCM research, particularly for addressing the limitations related to sample size. Ultimately, RGT and HCA complement quantitative methodologies by uncovering nuanced variations and micro-foundations within firm- and network-level phenomena, offering insights essential for advancing our understanding of OSCM dynamics in specific contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The declining number of conceptual articles, particularly in psychology and marketing (P&M), represents a key concern for the continued advancement of the body of knowledge. Proposition‐based works, a key conceptual article subtype, offer theoretical propositions that introduce new concepts and theorize regarding their specific theoretical associations. However, relatively few guidelines for the preparation of these articles exist, leaving scholars in the dark regarding their development. Addressing this gap, we propose a framework summarizing the development of proposition‐based research, offering a step‐by‐step guide to craft these contributions. The framework identifies the (1) key role of topic (e.g., a focal P&M concept) problematization and motivation, which may be an existing but under‐explored or a new‐to‐P&M topic, and (2) application of a broader (e.g., meso‐ or macro‐foundational) theory to frame the topic, which should exhibit a level of fit with one another. The framework also suggests that the chosen topic and theory co‐infuse the development of the model and propositions, for which we provide relevant guidelines. We link this theoretical co‐infusion process to prior intra‐proposition recommendations (i.e., propositional clarity, consistency, conciseness, and contribution), which are supplemented with the proposed inter‐proposition guidelines of propositional conceptual distinctiveness, comprehensiveness, and coherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations that perform Health Policy and Systems Research (HPSR) need robust capacities, but it remains unclear what these organizations should look like in practice. We sought to define 'HPSRIs' (pronounced as 'hip-srees', i.e. 'Health Policy and Systems Research Institutions') as organizational models and developed a conceptual framework for assessing their capacities based on a set of attributes. We implemented a multi-method study in the Philippines that comprised: a qualitative analysis of perspectives from 33 stakeholders in the HPSR ecosystem on the functions, strengths and challenges of HPSRIs; a workshop with 17 multi-sectoral representatives who collectively developed a conceptual framework for assessing organizational capacities for HPSRIs based on organizational attributes; and a survey instrument development process that determined indicators for assessing these attributes. We defined HPSRIs to be formally constituted organizations (or institutions) with the minimum essential function of research. Beyond the research function, our framework outlined eight organizational attributes of well-performing HPSRIs that were grouped into four domains, namely: 'research expertise' (1) excellent research, (2) capacity-building driven; 'leadership and management' (3) efficient administration, (4) financially sustainable; 'policy translation' (5) policy orientation, (6) effective communication; and 'networking' (7) participatory approach, (8) convening influence. We developed a self-assessment instrument around these attributes that HPSRIs could use to inform their respective organizational development and collectively discuss their shared challenges. In addition to developing the framework, the workshop also analysed the positionality of HPSRIs and their interactions with other institutional actors in the HPSR ecosystem, and recommends the importance of enhancing these interactions and assigning responsibility to a national/regional authority that will foster the community of HPSRIs. When tailored to their context, HPSRIs that function at the nexus of research, management, policy and networks help achieve the main purpose of HPSR, which is to 'achieve collective health goals and contribute to policy outcomes'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Value driver trees (VDTs) are abstract, indicator‐based representations of a business model. Although they are conceptual models by nature, no systematic and unified approaches to their modeling exist to date. In fact, a heterogeneous understanding of their conception and methodological implementation has been established. The goal of this study is to provide more clarity in this regard by examining the semantics (the question of "what?") and syntax (the question of "how?") with respect to VDT modeling. For this purpose, a structured literature review was conducted in which a collection of 161 VDTs was evaluated. Based on an extended taxonomy design process, the typical model constructs of VDTs were extracted. As a result, a so‐called VDT Model Classification was derived, which structures 34 model constructs into three dimensions with eight categories. This classification establishes a clearer understanding of the model constructs and their representation, thereby providing a conceptual framework for a unified and more substantiated "vocabulary" for VDT modeling. Finally, a research agenda has been formulated that generally addresses the role and future application potential of VDTs and, in particular, describes the next steps toward a sound notation for modeling VDTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data narration is the activity of crafting narratives supported by facts extracted from data exploration and analysis, using interactive visualizations. While data narration has recently attracted much attention, the process of crafting data narratives is loosely documented and has not yet been formally described. In this article, we propose a comprehensive and well-founded process to fill this need. It aims at (i) supporting the complete cycle of data narration, from the exploration of data to the visual rendering of the narrative, (ii) being flexible enough to cover a wide range of crafting practices, and (iii) being well founded upon a conceptual model of the domain. In addition, we investigate several crafting scenarios that represent typical situations and detail the workflow of one particular phase, which reflects the intentional aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the impact of distinct characteristics of theme restaurants on service quality and behavioral intentions. As the unique attributes of themed restaurants continue to gain in popularity, this study gathered data from a face-to-face survey of 776 diners who visited various themed restaurants across different regions of Taiwan. The study validated the evaluation of customers' service quality, affective experience, sensory experience, and entertainment in relation to behavioral intention within a proposed conceptual model, which was then tested using covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) analysis. The findings reveal that affective experiences, the perception of entertainment and the sensory experience mediate between service quality and behavioral intention. Furthermore, the study underscores that the perception of a servicescape acts as a moderating factor influencing the associations between service quality and sensory experience, thereby reinforcing the links between affective experience and behavioral intentions. The study's robustness is confirmed by implementing alternative models. The final section of the study discusses both theoretical and managerial implications derived from these outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expectations are beliefs that someone should or will achieve something. Expectations influence performance—positive expectations improve outcomes, whereas negative expectations worsen them. This interaction is well known in the context of education and academic performance; however, we do not know how teacher expectations changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach to explore the impact of the COVID-19 public health measures on expectations in schools. Specifically, to what extent did teacher expectations for students and themselves change during this unprecedented period. In addition, to what extent did teachers' perceptions of what administrators expectated from them change during this same period. Twelve teachers were purposefully sampled across Canada and interviewed in the spring of 2021. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results generally indicated that expectations for students and for teachers (i.e., themselves) changed. Students were still expected to do their best and teachers still generally had high expectations for themselves, but their expectations were tempered depending on each group's needs. For example, if students showed significant behavioural or emotional needs, academic expectations were reduced. Administrators made some efforts to be supportive and realistic during this time; however, many participants felt it was not enough and found their administrator's expectations were unrealistically high. Furthermore, participants described greater difficulty developing relationships with students during the pandemic, which also impacted how much teachers could expect of them. The findings contribute to the literature by providing suggestions for future research and proposing an expanded version of a conceptual model for expectations in schools. More importantly, the findings can inform school leaders on how to best support teachers, and how teachers can support and advocate for themselves, during high-stress situations or extreme circumstances such as a pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semantic search encompasses advanced technological approaches to information discovery and retrieval, employing semantic techniques to extract information from intricately structured data sources. An effective search engine must have the ability of accessing and retrieving information of interest by employing reasoning with conceptual models. However, the structural and semantic information intrinsic in conceptual models is not readily amenable to reasoning and AI-enhanced semantic processing. Therefore, the chosen model should enable understanding the meaning of concepts and the relationships between them. Il should also carefully consider the context of the search, ultimately enhancing the accuracy of the returned results. Among the models that fulfill these objectives, conceptual graphs stand out as particularly interesting. They are built upon a robust theoretical framework that spans multiple domains, including philosophical, psychological, linguistic, and artificial intelligence disciplines. In this paper, we describe a method for semantic search driven by conceptual graph-based representation, and a powerful matching reasoning supported by a projection operation between the semantic annotations associated with the document and the submitted query. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As our global population ages, malnutrition and sarcopenia are increasingly prevalent. Given the multifactorial nature of these conditions, effective management of (risk of) malnutrition and sarcopenia necessitates interprofessional collaboration (IPC). This study aimed to understand primary and social care professionals' barriers, facilitators, preferences, and needs regarding interprofessional management of (risk of) malnutrition and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: We conducted a qualitative, Straussian, grounded theory study. We collected data using online semi-structured focus group interviews. A grounded theory data analysis was performed using open, axial, and selective coding, followed by developing a conceptual model. Results: We conducted five online focus groups with 28 professionals from the primary and social care setting. We identified five selective codes: 1) Information exchange between professionals must be smooth, 2) Regular consultation on the tasks, responsibilities, and extent of IPC is needed; 3) Thorough involvement of older adults in IPC is preferred; 4) Coordination of interprofessional care around the older adult is needed; and 5) IPC must move beyond healthcare systems. Our conceptual model illustrates three interconnected dimensions in interprofessional collaboration: professionals, infrastructure, and older adults. Conclusion: Based on insights from professionals, interprofessional collaboration requires synergy between professionals, infrastructure, and older adults. Professionals need both infrastructure elements and the engagement of older adults for successful interprofessional collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD) represent a growing proportion of children who are adopted or in foster care. This study aims to explore family adjustment in foster and adoptive families of children with IDD using the ABCX model of family adjustment. Sixty-two families with adopted and foster children with IDD between two and 36 years old in Spain participated in the study. Parents completed a self-reported questionnaire including measures of child demands, family strengths, adjustment of expectations and family adjustment to adoption. The combination of child demands, family strengths and family expectations predicted 55% of the variance of family adjustment (R2 =.55, F (3,56) = 25.571, p <.001), with C Factor being the most relevant (b =.458, p <.001). No differences were found in the adaptation process depending on the severity of the disability, the age of placement, or the adoption versus fostering process. Significant differences were found in the adaptation process dimensions depending on the special versus ordinary process. Differences were also found in some family dimensions depending on the diagnosis of the disability or the family stage. These findings highlight the importance of previous expectations and special processes in adopting children and young people with IDD. Plain Language Summary: Children with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD) are a growing proportion of adopted and fostered children. This study explores family adjustment in foster and adoptive families of children with IDD using the ABCX model of family adjustment. This model explains family adjustment following a stressful situation, focusing on the pile-up of demands (A Factor), the family resources (B Factor), and the family expectations (C Factor). Finally, the X Factor refers to family adaptation and wellbeing. Sixty-two Spanish families with adopted and foster children with IDD between two and 36 years old participated in the study. Parents completed a self-reported questionnaire including child demands, family strengths, expectations, and family adjustment to adoption. The combination of child demands, family strengths and expectations significantly impacts family adjustment. Family expectations emerge as the most relevant factor for family adjustment. No differences were found in the adaptation process depending on the severity of the disability, the age of placement, or the adoption versus fostering process. Families from special placements showed better adaptation processes than families from ordinary placements. Better adaptation processes were found for families of children with Down syndrome compared to other diagnoses or for families with children in infancy compared to adolescence. These findings highlight the importance of previous expectations and special processes in adopting children and young people with IDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the factors influencing sustainable participation in public sports using the meta-synthesis technique is one of the various forms of meta-study approaches. In the present study, by employing a systematic review approach and qualitative meta-synthesis, the results and findings of previous researchers were analyzed. The conceptual model of factors affecting sustainable participation in sports was categorized through the seven-step process of Sandelowski and Barroso. Based on three-phase coding in the MAXQDA software, these factors were analyzed and classified into 7 main categories and 39 axial codes. To assess the reliability and control the quality of the present study, the Kappa method was used. The calculated Kappa coefficient by SPSS software was 0.940, indicating excellent agreement. The factors affecting sustainable participation in public sports include: awareness, public relations, validation, advertising, subculture, social class, and behavioral values and norms. Sustainable participation in public sports requires individuals who are actively involved in this field; therefore, individuals must be recruited who are experts both in planning and policymaking for public sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the present research was to provide a model for enhancing children's social skills as a prerequisite for development. Methodology: The research method was qualitative, and the target population included managers of toy manufacturing companies, experienced specialists, experts in the toy industry, policymakers, and university professors. The sample size was selected purposefully until theoretical saturation from the aforementioned statistical population. In this phase, using an exploratory semi-structured interview method among the statistical population, the factors and components of children's social skills were identified. With the help of these factors and indicators, a grounded theory-based model for enhancing children's social skills was designed. Findings: According to the results and outputs obtained from the interviews, the factors affecting the model for enhancing children's social skills include causal conditions (the existing potential of games for development, financial and human resource issues in game design and production, deficiencies in policies and laws related to skill development in children, corporate culture and management attitudes, systematic and strategic planning for capability development), contextual conditions (management issues, infrastructure, economic conditions, corporate, legal and regulatory factors, corporate systems and processes), intervening conditions (knowledge and scientific factors, governmental and political factors, environmental factors, individual factors, corporate culture), strategies (allocating appropriate budgets, employing specialized personnel, formulating and implementing training and development programs, using modern technology in processes, providing development incentives, monitoring and evaluating improvement and development), and outcomes (increased skill development and growth, improved quality of services provided, family satisfaction and enhanced participation, increased productivity and improved performance, creating play opportunities, enhancing play skill capabilities). Conclusion: Therefore, studying these movements and providing opportunities for their nurturing and growth strengthens and even repairs mental abilities. What children learn at home or kindergarten, they think about and derive many meanings from these phenomena when repeated in the form of games and physical activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript critically assesses progress in tourist experience research. A systematic review of 356 published articles on the tourist experience revealed studies are predominantly guided by the positivist paradigm, psychology-oriented, and survey-based. Quantitative methods dominated by structural equation modelling are prevalent, with advanced methodological approaches emerging, but still in their infancy. Five macro-level trends are articulated to advance discourse on the tourist experience, specifically: an internationalization of authorship; a movement from atheoretical to theoretical; a shift from single to multi-subject view; a trend from correlation analysis to causal inference; and a transformation from behaviourism to cognitivism. This research develops a conceptual model, termed the I-T-A (Issues-Trends-Avenues) framework, to apply the macro-level trends to shape a future research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earth's climate sensitivity depends on how shallow clouds in the trades respond to changes in the large‐scale tropical circulation with warming. In canonical theory for this cloud‐circulation coupling, it is assumed that the clouds are controlled by the field of vertical motion on horizontal scales larger than the convection's depth (∼ ${\sim} $ 1 km). This assumption has been challenged both by recent in situ observations, and idealized large‐eddy simulations (LESs). Here, we therefore bring together the recent observations, new analysis from satellite data, and a 40‐day, large‐domain (1600×900 $1600\times 900$ km2) LES of the North Atlantic from the 2020 EUREC4A field campaign, to study the interaction between shallow convection and vertical motions on scales between 10 and 1,000 km (mesoscales), in settings that are as realistic as possible. Across all data sets, the shallow mesoscale vertical motions are consistently represented, ubiquitous, frequently organized into circulations, and formed without imprinting themselves on the mesoscale buoyancy field. Therefore, we use the weak‐temperature gradient approximation to show that between at least 12.5–400 km scales, the vertical motion balances heating fluctuations in groups of precipitating shallow cumuli. That is, across the mesoscales, shallow convection controls the vertical motion in the trades, and does not simply adjust to it. In turn, the mesoscale convective heating patterns appear to consistently grow through moisture‐convection feedback. Therefore, to represent and understand the cloud‐circulation coupling of trade cumuli, the full range of scales between the synoptics and the hectometer must be included in our conceptual and numerical models. Plain Language Summary: The tropical oceans are covered by shallow cumulus clouds, partially controlled by a gentle downward vertical motion associated with large (larger than 1,000 km) tropical circulations. Changes in these circulations, for example due to warming climate, can therefore change the shallow cloudiness, and their climatological cooling. Hence, understanding this cloud‐circulation coupling is an important challenge. Here, we study the cloud‐circulation coupling over areas of tens to hundreds of kilometres ("mesoscales") in simulations, field observations and satellite data of unprecedented detail. We find that in mesocale domains, circulations do not just control shallow clouds, as historically thought. Instead, the heating in clusters of rainy cumuli drives the circulations, as suggested by recent idealized simulations. The question is then: what controls these mesoscale cloud patterns? In the detailed simulations, they develop in unusually moist layers, which are further moistened by the circulations. Since moister layers support more clouds, the clouds and circulations grow together. Hence, our results show that on top of the classical sketch of clouds responding to large circulations, lies a dynamic mesoscale picture of two‐way interactions between the two, which we must understand if we wish to predict the distribution of clouds over the tropical oceans in our transient climate. Key Points: A realistic large‐eddy simulation adequately represents vertical motion in shallow mesoscale circulations recently observed in the tradesAt mesoscales, shallow convective heating causes the vertical motion, inverting the classical view that circulations control shallow cloudsWater vapor convergence with the circulations is likely key to develop the mesoscale shallow convection patterns [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectiveMethodResultsConclusionsThis study tests a conceptual model exploring the mediating effects of perceived severity and assessed risk in the relationship between dependency and help-seeking behaviors in psychological, physical, and sexual violence.The sample consisted of 266 survivors of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) (Mage = 27.88 years; SD = 9.49), of which 23.7% reported having suffered physical violence from their partner or former partner, 83.8% psychological violence, and 54.1% sexual violence.Higher dependency scores were associated with lower perceived severity of violence, lower assessed levels of risk, and thus elevated difficulty in engaging in help seeking in all types of violence.Educating on equality and raising awareness of the seriousness and risk of IPVAW will be critical in facilitating help-seeking responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The definition and operationalization of workforce agility, initially associated with multitasking abilities, have evolved to encompass aspects of adaptability, proactivity, and resilience, which are now widely accepted. However, some authors have expanded this concept by adding elements such as intelligence, collaboration, and social support, leading to confusion and disagreement on how to consistently measure workforce agility. Furthermore, the literature emphasizes the importance of workforce agility in achieving business goals and adopting innovative management models, yet it provides limited structured guidance for future research. Methods: This study uses Scopus and Web of Science as the primary databases. The search was not limited to a specific period but included articles up to 2024, with an initial sample of 176 articles. After a screening process based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 74 articles were included in the thematic analysis and data synthesis. Results: Workforce agility has been positioned as an independent, mediating, moderating, and dependent variable in various studies. Most studies examine workforce agility at the individual level, with only about 10 studies exploring this aspect at the organizational level. However, no research has specifically explored workforce agility at the team level to date. The primary objective of workforce agility research is to expand and connect theories with diverse methodological approaches, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. As a result, theoretical foundations and inter-variable relationships are established to identify recommendations for future research. Discussion: More than 25 fundamental theories have been identified and categorized into nine groups. These nine groups were then reformulated into four general theories: Organizational and Management Theory, Communication and Social Interaction Theory, Behavioral and Learning Theory, and Economic Theory. Based on previous research, several recommendations for future research have been outlined, including conducting longitudinal studies, integrating mixed methods, considering the global cultural context, expanding research samples, developing conceptual models, exploring mediating and moderating variables, developing workforce agility theories, creating efficient evaluation methods, and implementing multilevel models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to address the future demands for large-scale and efficient hydrogen storage and utilization, while considering the need of power dispatch and peak shaving, in this article, based on the cycle part load models and the conceptual design of the main components, the R-Graz cycle design parameters have been reoptimized, and subsequently, an analysis of the part load behavior and performance characteristics was conducted. The results show that within the load range discussed in this paper, i.e., 50% to 100%, the components of the R-Graz cycle are well matched, enabling high-efficiency operation. The net cycle efficiencies are 64.4% and 71.0% for 50% and 100% load respectively. Within this wide load range, the performance of the R-Graz cycle surpasses that of the Graz cycle consistently. When the load decreases, key parameters of the R-Graz cycle's main components, such as rotational speed, pressure, temperature, mass flow rate and split ratio also decrease. Performance analysis under varying load conditions reveals that the maximum temperature in the cycle is a critical parameter affecting the efficiency of the R-Graz cycle. The research findings of this article lay the foundation for the practical application of the R-Graz cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heilongjiang, located in the cold region, is China's largest rice-producing and commercializing province. The variety selection of rice in cold regions (RCR) is indispensable in promoting the rice industry's development, and technological innovation in breeding theory plays a significant role in breeding breakthrough. Based primarily on long-term research, contemplation, and breeding practices, the 4S (selected topic, selected breeding, selected progenies, and selected promotion) phenotypic-design breeding technical system for RCR, which has revolutionized the theoretical basis and deepened the conceptual model, has been developed through systematic analyses and generalization. The system covers several key aspects such as scientific question formulation, breeding objective optimization, parental taxa hybridization, progeny population selection, and innovation dissemination, aiming to improve the foresight, precision, and efficiency of breeding. Furthermore, the system has demonstrated successful cases of rice variety breeding over the past 20 years, such as for Suijing 3, Suijing 4, Suijing 18, and a series of other rice varieties, providing theoretical and technical supports for cold-region rice breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Decision models are increasingly used to inform policy-making processes, and there is a need to improve their credibility. The estimation of health and economic outcomes generated from decision models is influenced by the development process itself. This paper aims to present the conceptual model development process of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) policy models in the UK setting. Methods: This conceptual model followed the International Society of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research-Society of Medical Decision Making (ISPOR-SMDM) Modelling Good Research Practices Task Force-2. Results: First, for the conceptualisation of the problem, the CMD disease staging, progression and current clinical guidelines were summarised, followed by a systematic review of published policy models. We critically appraised policy models such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Key messages from the review emphasised the importance of understanding various determinants influencing model development, including risk factors, model structure, models' parameters, data utilisation, economic perspective, equality/equity consideration, transparency and validation process. Second, as a sequential process, is model conceptualisation, to determine which modelling types and their attributes best represent the defined problem. Expert opinions, including a clinician and experienced modellers, provided input on the state transition model to ensure the structure is clinically relevant. From this stage, the consideration and agreement to establish a disease state in a state transition model was discussed. Conclusion: This conceptual model serves as a basis for representing the systematic process for structuring a CMD policy model to enhance its transparency and credibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Background Methods Results Conclusions Poor wellbeing and stress in UK anaesthetic trainees impacts significantly on clinical performance, workforce retention and patient care. This study aimed to provide an overview of the evidence in this field and to explore the factors affecting wellbeing and stress in UK anaesthetic trainees.MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and ERIC were searched, in addition to organisational websites. Literature reporting factors affecting wellbeing and stress in UK anaesthetic trainees from 2009 to present were included.Following exclusions, 45 studies were identified. Only five papers included qualitative analyses. Within these studies, 28 different phenomena related to wellbeing and stress were investigated. Thirty‐one different factors affecting anaesthetic trainees' wellbeing and stress were identified in this review. These have been summarised as individual; training; clinical role; progression; work patterns; resources; rest; support; and cultural factors. External factors were described as affecting wellbeing and stress more frequently than internal factors. The most frequently cited individual factors were fatigue and pre‐existing health status.The wide scope of phenomena of interest and measurement tools emphasises the challenge of defining and researching the concept of wellbeing. Despite these limitations, we have created a novel conceptual model of individual and external factors affecting UK anaesthetic trainees' wellbeing and stress. This supports an increased awareness and understanding of these factors, so that improvements can be made to practice and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]