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251. K

Author: Christian Glaser
Published: 2016
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252. Search for ultrarelativistic magnetic monopoles with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Johannes Schulz, M. Pimenta, A. Aab, J. Biteau, E.M. Holt, A. Saleh, L. Caramete, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. R. Hampel, H. Gemmeke, Florian Lukas Briechle, M. I. Micheletti, Sarka Wykes, D. Torres Machado, Octavian Fratu, Paula Gina Isar, F. Salesa Greus, R.C. dos Anjos, Julian Rautenberg, J. Espadanal, M. Palatka, G. Cataldi, A. C. Fauth, Luis A. Nunez, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, G. Kukec Mezek, John N. Matthews, R. M. Kieckhafer, E. Varela, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, D. Yelos, M. E. Bertaina, I. Naranjo, A. Menshikov, R. Sarmento, S. Sonntag, Marcus Niechciol, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, O. Wainberg, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, T. Suomijärvi, A. van Vliet, Andreas Haungs, B. García, Tobias Winchen, Antonio Bueno, M. Josebachuili, L. Lopes, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, G. De Mauro, C. A. Sarmiento, I.D. Vergara Quispe, A. Dorofeev, Gualberto Avila, R. López, Ingomar Allekotte, Jörg R. Hörandel, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, F. Canfora, Z. Zong, Diego Harari, B. Gookin, S. Querchfeld, M. Zavrtanik, Paul Sommers, A. Blanco, L. Ochilo, Angela V. Olinto, C. Di Giulio, Markus Roth, J. F. Valdés Galicia, Miroslav Hrabovský, I. De Mitri, Dieter Heck, P. Gouffon, Igor Katkov, P. H. Nguyen, E. M. Santos, L. Niemietz, R.J. Barreira Luz, G. P. Guedes, Toshihiro Fujii, G. A. Anastasi, P. Abreu, Martin Urban, A. Kuotb Awad, J. L. Harton, S. G. Blaess, B. Vargas Cárdenas, Fausto Guarino, J. Pallotta, E. J. Quel, M. J. Cooper, F. Sánchez, Q. Luce, Carlos Medina, Martin Erdmann, D. Ravignani, I. A. Minaya, B. Keilhauer, André Schulz, L. Villaseñor, Luis A. Anchordoqui, J. Debatin, Peter Hansen, Tim Niggemann, Peter Buchholz, D. Nosek, Bruce R. Dawson, A. Fuster, Tim Huege, H. Glass, I. Valiño, S. J. Sciutto, Katrin Link, Valerio Pirronello, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, I.M. Brancus, M. Platino, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, J. Neuser, Johannes Schumacher, C. Aramo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Roger W Clay, B. Revenu, J. R. Vázquez, G. S. Varner, Marco Aglietta, V. Scherini, Esteban Roulet, M. Suarez Durán, Andreas Weindl, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, Francesco Strafella, I. C. Mariş, Hernan Wahlberg, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Stefano D'Amico, P. Sanchez-Lucas, P. Kasper, M. Gómez Berisso, M. Ambrosio, R. C. Shellard, F. Salamida, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, J. Vicha, Norberto Fazzini, D. Garcia-Pinto, Miroslav Pech, R. R. Prado, Petr Schovanek, Antonio Insolia, Maria Rita Coluccia, Bruno Daniel, A. Parra, Foteini Oikonomou, J. J. Masías Meza, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, S. Quinn, Günter Sigl, D. Nitz, Andrej Dundovic, Lorenzo Caccianiga, V. M. Theodoro, Dusan Mandat, P. Ristori, M. Trini, Alexandra Saftoiu, Alina Mihaela Badescu, I. Lhenry-Yvon, A. Cancio, Pavel Horvath, N. Krohm, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, G. Torralba Elipe, R. Krause, P. Stassi, C. Porowski, M. Prouza, V. Verzi, Mariangela Settimo, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Nicolás González, Radomir Smida, S. Müller, Jan Pękala, A. E. Herve, L. R. Wiencke, B. Sarkar, H. Nožka, Jose Chinellato, Christian Glaser, A. Yushkov, B. Andrada, Marco Torri, J. D. Swain, David Schmidt, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Plum, A. G. Chavez, A. Gorgi, Denis Stanca, Sofia Andringa, R. Cester, Nicusor Arsene, A. Tapia, Florian Gaté, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, B. Tome, Peter Mazur, G. Müller, V. de Souza, Max Malacari, Lili Yang, Enrique Zas, Alan Watson, A. Di Matteo, Francesca Zuccarello, A. Letessier-Selvon, Denise Boncioli, B. Wundheiler, H. Wilczyński, P. Billoir, Dariusz Glas, Fernando Contreras, O. Kambeitz, Corinne Berat, E. Mayotte, K. H. Becker, M. Unger, Gregory R Snow, A. Segreto, Philipp Papenbreer, Lorenzo Cazon, Q. Hasankiadeh, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, J. Alvarez Castillo, L. Molina-Bueno, D. Melo, I. Al Samarai, Piotr Homola, David Walz, Ana Martina Botti, I. Jandt, F. Diogo, R. M. de Almeida, G. Marsella, Marco Giammarchi, R. Squartini, T. Paul, L. A. S. Pereira, Maria Giller, A. Taboada, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, R. Sato, L. Nellen, Ralf Ulrich, C. Morello, P.F. Gómez Vitale, G. C. Hill, R. A. Vázquez, Gaia Silli, Ralph Engel, A. Filipčič, Paul M. Mantsch, F. Sarazin, A. Bridgeman, G. Medina-Tanco, J. Ridky, G. van Aar, D. Reinert, Marc Weber, M. Mallamaci, Tanguy Pierog, S. J. Saffi, F. G. Schröder, Benedikt Zimmermann, Rúben Conceição, Zbigniew Szadkowski, Peter L. Biermann, Rodrigo Pelayo, Stijn Buitink, E. Santos, R. Piegaia, Markus Lauscher, F. Pedreira, A. Śmiałkowski, J. Phuntsok, M. M. Freire, R. Ramos-Pollan, Paolo Privitera, J. Hulsman, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, J. W. Cronin, P. van Bodegom, P. Lebrun, Nataliia Borodai, Lukas Middendorf, Christine Peters, Hernán Asorey, Martina Bohacova, J. Sorokin, S. J. De Jong, V. Novotny, L. Valore, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, S. Mathys, M. Erfani, Octavian Sima, Ugo Giaccari, F. Montanet, Petr Travnicek, M. Schauer, Alan Coleman, Trent D. Grubb, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, A. G. Mariazzi, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, Peter Gorham, P. L. Ghia, Charles Timmermans, L. Collica, Marcio Aparecido Muller, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, Thomas Harrison, P. Pieroni, F. Arqueros, N. Kunka, R. Gaior, F. Suarez, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, Hermann-Josef Mathes, Kai Daumiller, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, A. Zepeda, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Pedro Assis, Harald Schieler, A. Etchegoyen, P. Heimann, E. Kemp, Serguei Vorobiov, D. Mockler, O. A. Taborda, H. Martinez, Miguel Mostafa, L. Tomankova, A. López Casado, Brian Fick, Samo Stanič, J. J. Beatty, Silvia Mollerach, G. Matthiae, Julien Aublin, A. Shadkam, D. Martello, S. Jansen, David Wittkowski, A. C. Rovero, C. Bleve, Alexandru Balaceanu, Vincenzo Rizi, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, Thomas Bretz, Corbin Covault, Geraldina Golup, Alexander Grillo, Lino Miramonti, M. Risse, Jonathan Blazek, G. Parente, Carlos Hojvat, R. Legumina, M. Buscemi, Jan Ebr, Sergio Petrera, D. Rogozin, J. de Oliveira, H.O. Klages, Alejandro Almela, S. Messina, Julian Kemp, Gaetano Salina, Michael Schimp, A.M. van den Berg, Darko Veberič, Alex Kääpä, Colin Baus, J. Kleinfeller, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Pierre Auger, Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Al Samarai I., Albuquerque I.F.M., Allekotte I., Almela A., Alvarez Castillo J., Alvarez-Muñiz J., Ambrosio M., Anastasi G.A., Anchordoqui L., Andrada B., Andringa S., Aramo C., Arqueros F., Arsene N., Asorey H., Assis P., Aublin J., Avila G., Badescu A.M., Balaceanu A., Barreira Luz R.J., Baus C., Beatty J.J., Becker K.H., Bellido J.A., Berat C., Bertaina M.E., Bertou X., Biermann P.L., Billoir P., Biteau J., Blaess S.G., Blanco A., Blazek J., Bleve C., Boháčová M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Borodai N., Botti A.M., Brack J., Brancus I., Bretz T., Bridgeman A., Briechle F.L., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K.S., Caccianiga L., Cancio A., Canfora F., Caramete L., Caruso R., Castellina A., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cester R., Chavez A.G., Chinellato J.A., Chudoba J., Clay R.W., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Collica L., Coluccia M.R., Conceição R., Contreras F., Cooper M.J., Coutu S., Covault C.E., Cronin J., D'Amico S., Daniel B., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B.R., de Almeida R.M., de Jong S.J., De Mauro G., de Mello Neto J.R.T., De Mitri I., de Oliveira J., de Souza V., Debatin J., Deligny O., Di Giulio C., Di Matteo A., Díaz Castro M.L., Diogo F., Dobrigkeit C., D'Olivo J.C., Dorofeev A., dos Anjos R.C., Dova M.T., Dundovic A., Ebr J., Engel R., Erdmann M., Erfani M., Escobar C.O., Espadanal J., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Fang K., Farrar G., Fauth A.C., Fazzini N., Fick B., Figueira J.M., Filipčič A., Fratu O., Freire M.M., Fujii T., Fuster A., Gaior R., García B., Garcia-Pinto D., Gaté F., Gemmeke H., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P.L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Głas D., Glaser C., Glass H., Golup G., Gómez Berisso M., Gómez Vitale P.F., González N., Gookin B., Gorgi A., Gorham P., Gouffon P., Grillo A.F., Grubb T.D., Guarino F., Guedes G.P., Hampel M.R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harrison T.A., Harton J.L., Hasankiadeh Q., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Heimann P., Herve A.E., Hill G.C., Hojvat C., Holt E., Homola P., Hörandel J.R., Horvath P., Hrabovský M., Huege T., Hulsman J., Insolia A., Isar P.G., Jandt I., Jansen S., Johnsen J.A., Josebachuili M., Kääpä A., Kambeitz O., Kampert K.H., Kasper P., Katkov I., Keilhauer B., Kemp E., Kemp J., Kieckhafer R.M., Klages H.O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Krause R., Krohm N., Kuempel D., Kukec Mezek G., Kunka N., Kuotb Awad A., Lahurd D., Lauscher M., Lebrun P., Legumina R., Leigui de Oliveira M.A., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Link K., Lopes L., López R., López Casado A., Luce Q., Lucero A., Malacari M., Mallamaci M., Mandat D., Mantsch P., Mariazzi A.G., Mariş I.C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martinez H., Martínez Bravo O., Masías Meza J.J., Mathes H.J., Mathys S., Matthews J., Matthews J.A.J., Matthiae G., Mayotte E., Mazur P.O., Medina C., Medina-Tanco G., Melo D., Menshikov A., Messina S., Micheletti M.I., Middendorf L., Minaya I.A., Miramonti L., Mitrica B., Mockler D., Molina-Bueno L., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafá M., Müller G., Muller M.A., Müller S., Naranjo I., Nellen L., Neuser J., Nguyen P.H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Niemietz L., Niggemann T., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Nožka H., Núñez L.A., Ochilo L., Oikonomou F., Olinto A., Pakk Selmi-Dei D., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Paul T., Pech M., Pedreira F., Pękala J., Pelayo R., Peña-Rodriguez J., Pereira L. A. S., Perrone L., Peters C., Petrera S., Phuntsok J., Piegaia R., Pierog T., Pieroni P., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Plum M., Porowski C., Prado R.R., Privitera P., Prouza M., Quel E.J., Querchfeld S., Quinn S., Ramos-Pollan R., Rautenberg J., Ravignani D., Reinert D., Revenu B., Ridky J., Risse M., Ristori P., Rizi V., Rodrigues de Carvalho W., Rodriguez Fernandez G., Rodriguez Rojo J., Rogozin D., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A.C., Saffi S.J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Saleh A., Salesa Greus F., Salina G., Sanabria Gomez J.D., Sánchez F., Sanchez-Lucas P., Santos E.M., Santos E., Sarazin F., Sarkar B., Sarmento R., Sarmiento C.A., Sato R., Schauer M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schimp M., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schovánek P., Schröder F.G., Schulz A., Schulz J., Schumacher J., Sciutto S.J., Segreto A., Settimo M., Shadkam A., Shellard R.C., Sigl G., Silli G., Sima O., Śmiałkowski A., Šmída R., Snow G.R., Sommers P., Sonntag S., Sorokin J., Squartini R., Stanca D., Stanič S., Stasielak J., Stassi P., Strafella F., Suarez F., Suarez Durán M., Sudholz T., Suomijärvi T., Supanitsky A.D., Swain J., Szadkowski Z., Taboada A., Taborda O.A., Tapia A., Theodoro V.M., Timmermans C., Todero Peixoto C.J., Tomankova L., Tomé B., Torralba Elipe G., Torres Machado D., Torri M., Travnicek P., Trini M., Ulrich R., Unger M., Urban M., Valdés Galicia J.F., Valiño I., Valore L., van Aar G., van Bodegom P., van den Berg A.M., van Vliet A., Varela E., Vargas Cárdenas B., Varner G., Vázquez J.R., Vázquez R.A., Veberič D., Vergara Quispe I.D., Verzi V., Vicha J., Villaseñor L., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Wainberg O., Walz D., Watson A.A., Weber M., Weindl A., Wiencke L., Wilczyński H., Winchen T., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Wykes S., Yang L., Yelos D., Yushkov A., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zepeda A., Zimmermann B., Ziolkowski M., Zong Z., Zuccarello F., Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Balaceanu, A., Barreira Luz, R. J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Biteau, J., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, Carla, Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R. W., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, MARIA RITA, Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., D'Amico, Stefano, Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., DE MITRI, Ivan, de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., Debatin, J., Deligny, O., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorofeev, A., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Dundovic, A., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Gaior, R., García, B., Garcia Pinto, D., Gaté, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., González, N., Gookin, B., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Hasankiadeh, Q., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kemp, J., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kuempel, D., Kukec Mezek, G., Kunka, N., Kuotb Awad, A., Lahurd, D., Lauscher, M., Lebrun, P., Legumina, R., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Masías Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Mockler, D., Molina Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, G., Muller, M. A., Müller, S., Naranjo, I., Nellen, L., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, H., Núñez, L. A., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña Rodriguez, J., Pereira, L. A. S., Perrone, Lorenzo, Peters, C., Petrera, S., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Ramos Pollan, R., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reinert, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rogozin, D., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento, C. A., Sato, R., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sonntag, S., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Strafella, Francesco, Suarez, F., Suarez Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Torri, M., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Aar, G., van Bodegom, P., van den Berg, A. M., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yang, L., Yelos, D., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zong, Z., Zuccarello, F., Bleve, C., Colalillo, Roberta, Coluccia, M. R., D'Amico, S., De Almeida, R. M., De Jong, S. J., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Souza, V., Dos Anjos, R. C., Guarino, Fausto, Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Pkala, J., Perrone, L., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Strafella, F., Valore, Laura, Van Aar, G., Van Bodegom, P., Van Den Berg, A. M., and Van Vliet, A.
Subjects: FLUORESCENCE YIELD, Astronomy, magnetic monopole, magnetic field, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Observatory, UHE Cosmic Rays, air-shower, Monte Carlo, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Magnetic Monopoles, media_common, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, critical phenomena, ENERGY LOSS, DETECTOR, Auger, Magnetic field, observatory, Lorentz factor, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, symbols, Física nuclear, fluorescence, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, spatial distribution [showers], Lorentz, atmosphere [showers], energy, FLUX, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], air, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, UHE [cosmic radiation], Magnetic monopole, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Nuclear physics, symbols.namesake, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, High Energy Physics, Ciencias Exactas, fluorescence [detector], Pierre Auger Observatory, background, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, ASTROFÍSICA, Universe, flux, ultrarelativistic magnetic monopoles, Air shower, 13. Climate action, Experimental High Energy Physics, relativistic, galaxy, ENERGY-LOSS
Abstract: We present a search for ultra-relativistic magnetic monopoles with the Pierre Auger Observatory. Such particles, possibly a relic of phase transitions in the early universe, would deposit a large amount of energy along their path through the atmosphere, comparable to that of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). The air shower profile of a magnetic monopole can be effectively distinguished by the fluorescence detector from that of standard UHECRs. No candidate was found in the data collected between 2004 and 2012, with an expected background of less than 0.1 event from UHECRs. The corresponding 90% confidence level (C.L.) upper limits on the flux of ultra-relativistic magnetic monopoles range from 10⁻¹⁹ (cm² sr s)⁻¹ for a Lorentz factor γ = 10⁹ to 2.5 × 10⁻²¹ (cm² sr s)⁻¹ for γ = 10¹². These results -the first obtained with a UHECR detector- improve previously published limits by up to an order of magnitude., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Física La Plata
Published: 2016
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253. Results and Perspectives of the Auger Engineering Radio Array

Author: Christian Glaser
Subjects: Frequency band, QC1-999, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Auger, Optics, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Radiant energy, Absolute calibration, Air shower, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is an extension of the Pierre Auger Cosmic-Ray Observatory. It is used to detect radio emission from extensive air showers with energies beyond $10^{17}~$eV in the $30 - 80~$MHz frequency band. After three phases of deployment, AERA now consists of more than 150 autonomous radio stations with different spacings, covering an area of about $17~$km$^2$. It is located at the same site as other Auger low-energy detector extensions enabling combinations with various other measurement techniques. The radio array allows different technical schemes to be explored as well as cross-calibration of our measurements with the established baseline detectors of the Auger Observatory. We report on the most recent technological developments and give an overview of the experimental results obtained with AERA. In particular, we will present the measurement of the radiation energy, i.e., the amount of energy that is emitted by the air shower in the form of radio emission, and its dependence on the cosmic-ray energy by comparing with the measurement of the the well-calibrated Auger surface detector. Furthermore, we outline the relevance of this result for the absolute calibration of the energy scale of cosmic-ray observatories., Comment: To be published in the Proceedings of the ARENA2016 conference, Groningen, The Netherlands
Published: 2016
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254. C

Author: Christian Glaser
Published: 2016
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255. P–Q

Author: Christian Glaser
Published: 2016
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256. A

Author: Christian Glaser
Published: 2016
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257. Nachbehandlung bei der autologen Chondrozytentransplantation

Author: Philip Kasten, Ulrich Bosch, Dirk Albrecht, Ulrich Nöth, Philipp Niemeyer, Sven Scheffler, Jürgen Fritz, K. Ruhnau, Matthias Aurich, Peter Angele, J. Bruns, Wiltrud Richter, Karl-Heinz Frosch, J. P. Petersen, T. Kolombe, Christian Glaser, M.F. Pietschmann, Annie Horng, Peter E. Müller, M. Jagodzinsky, and Stefan Marlovits
Subjects: Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Emergency Medicine, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Surgery, business
Abstract: Die autologe Chondrozytentransplantation (ACT) hat sich seit ihrer Einfuhrung in den klinischen Alltag zu einem Standardverfahren zur Behandlung von grosen umschriebenen Knorpeldefekten im Kniegelenk etabliert. Trotz der zunehmenden Ausweitung des Verfahrens bestehen noch viele Fragen hinsichtlich der optimalen postoperativen Therapie. Ziel unserer Untersuchung war eine Bestandserhebung der Nachbehandlung bei den Mitgliedern der AG Klinische Geweberegeneration und basierend auf den Ergebnissen die Erstellung einer Empfehlung auf der Basis einer Expertenmeinung (Level IVb nach EBM). Alle Mitglieder der AG Klinische Geweberegeneration wurden anhand eines standardisierten Fragebogens zu Nachbehandlungsschemata, Nachsorgeuntersuchungen und Empfehlungen zur Wiederaufnahme der sportlichen Betatigung nach ACT am Kniegelenk befragt. Keiner der Befragten wendete die konventionelle ACT mit der Periostlappenplastik an, alle verwenden zellbesiedelte Matrices (MACT). 94% der Befragten wenden in Abhangigkeit von der Lage des Defekts (femoral vs. patellar) spezifische Belastungs- und Bewegungseinschrankungen an. Die breiteste Ubereinstimmung fand sich bei der Entlastung fur durchschnittlich 6 Wochen nach femoraler MACT (78%). Hinsichtlich der Behandlung nach patellarer MACT variierten die Angaben zum Belastungsaufbau und der Bewegungslimitierung am starksten. Regelmasige postoperative MRT-Kontrollen werden durchgefuhrt, jedoch waren auch diese in Bezug auf Zeitpunkt und angewendete MRT-Sequenz starken Variationen unterworfen. Routinemasige Second-look-Arthroskopien werden nicht durchgefuhrt. Circa 75% der Operateure empfehlen ihren Patienten eine Sportkarenz fur 6–12 Monate nach MACT. Am haufigsten werden knieschonende Sportarten wie Radfahren (94%), Schwimmen (83%) oder Nordic Walking (44%) empfohlen. Klare Nachbehandlungsschemata existieren bisher nicht, obgleich eine Ubereinstimmung zu elementaren Fragen wie der lokalisationsabhangigen differenzierten Bewegungseinschrankung und Belastung besteht. Die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) besitzt eine zentrale Rolle bei der routinemasigen Nachkontrolle, aber auch hier liegen erheblich Unterschiede bei der Durchfuhrung vor. Es bedarf einer weiteren Verbesserung der Empfehlungen zur Nachbehandlung nach MACT am Kniegelenk, um einen Standard zu entwickeln, der den behandelnden Arzten Sicherheit gibt und einen besseren Vergleich der Ergebnisse nach MACHT zwischen verschiedenen Patientengruppen ermoglicht.
Published: 2012
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258. Meniscectomy leads to early changes in the mineralization distribution of subchondral bone plate

Author: Magdalena Müller-Gerbl, Alexandra Mayer, Christian Glaser, Stephan Lorenz, Christof Birkenmaier, and H. Anetzberger
Subjects: Cartilage, Articular, medicine.medical_specialty, Bone density, Urology, Osteoarthritis, medicine.disease_cause, Menisci, Tibial, Mineralization (biology), Weight-bearing, Weight-Bearing, Bone Density, medicine, Animals, Orthopedic Procedures, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Bone mineral, business.industry, Cartilage, Calcinosis, Anatomy, medicine.disease, Pathophysiology, Disease Models, Animal, medicine.anatomical_structure, Orthopedic surgery, Female, Surgery, Rabbits, Stress, Mechanical, business
Abstract: It is generally recognized that the subchondral bone plate (SBP) is involved in development of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the pathophysiological significance is not yet clear. The goal of this study is to investigate the extent of the changes that occur in SBP of the tibial plateau in the early stages of experimental OA. Forty-three female rabbits were assigned to 5 experimental (n = 8 each group) and one sham group (n = 3). OA was induced by medial meniscectomy in the right knee, the left knee served as control. 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks after meniscectomy, cartilage damage was evaluated, and bone mineral density (BMD) and mineralization distribution of the SBP was measured by computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM). Cartilage damage started 2 weeks after meniscectomy with surface roughening. Cartilage defects increased over time. 24 weeks postoperatively, subchondral bone was exposed. As early as 2 weeks after meniscectomy, BMD in the medial tibial plateau decreased significantly. BMD increased again and reached the values of the non-operated knee 12 weeks postoperatively. In addition, already 4 weeks after meniscectomy a significant shift of the densitiy maximum on the medial tibial plateau, which is normally centrally located toward the margin was observed. In conclusion, the results of this study contribute to the concept of early involvement of the SBP in the development of OA. The hypothesis that changes in the SBP occur simultaneously to cartilage damage was confirmed.
Published: 2012
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259. Quantification of Perfusion and Permeability in Multiple Sclerosis

Author: Dominik Morhard, Birgit Ertl-Wagner, Michael Ingrisch, Reinhard Hohlfeld, Tania Kümpfel, Maximilian F. Reiser, Steven Sourbron, and Christian Glaser
Subjects: Adult, Male, Multiple Sclerosis, Adolescent, Contrast Media, Vascular permeability, Blood–brain barrier, Sensitivity and Specificity, Capillary Permeability, Young Adult, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Brain, Reproducibility of Results, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Image Enhancement, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cerebral blood volume, Cerebral blood flow, Blood-Brain Barrier, Permeability (electromagnetism), Cerebrovascular Circulation, Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, Feasibility Studies, Female, business, Perfusion, Algorithms, Blood Flow Velocity, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, circulatory and respiratory physiology, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: The quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and blood-brain barrier permeability in scattered lesions in the brain is a methodological challenge. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of a 3D T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI acquisition in combination with a 2-compartment modeling approach for the quantification of CBF, CBV and permeability surface area product (PS) in lesions, and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).In all, 19 MS patients (mean age 35 years, 12 female) underwent DCE-MRI with a 3D T1-weighted spoiled gradient-echo sequence on a 3T MRI scanner. A total of 44 slices (thickness 3 mm) with an in-plane resolution of 1.7 × 1.7 mm(2) (matrix size 128 × 104), providing coverage of the whole brain, were acquired every 2.1 seconds over a total measurement time of 420 s. Data postprocessing was performed using a set of 2-compartment models with automated model selection; CBF, CBV, and PS as a measure of blood-brain barrier leakage were determined in contrast-enhancing (CE) and nonenhancing lesions as well as in NAWM.Perfusion quantification produced reasonable values in lesions as well as in NAWM. In CE lesions, CBF (22.9 (22.7) vs. 15.8 (6.7) mL/100 mL/min), CBV (1.18 (0.48) vs. 0.76 (0.19) mL/100 mL), and PS (0.98 (0.46) vs. 0.04 (0.03) mL/100 mL/min) were significantly (P0.001) higher than in NAWM. In nonenhancing lesions, a weakly (P0.05) significantly increased CBV of 1.00 (0.35) mL/100 mL, compared with NAWM, was observed.Our study demonstrates the feasibility of 3D T1-weighted DCE-MRI for the quantitative assessment of CBF, CBV, and PS in NAWM as well as in multiple MS lesions scattered throughout the brain, even without previous knowledge of their location. Quantification on the region level produced reasonable values both in lesions and in NAWM, but parameter maps would benefit from an increase in contrast-to-noise ratio. The increased values of CBF, CBV, and PS in CE lesions may reflect inflammatory activity, the heterogeneity of parameter estimates suggests a potential for lesion characterization. NAWM appears hypoperfused, this is in accordance with previous studies, but requires validation with a control group.
Published: 2012
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260. Comparison between different implementations of the 3D FLASH sequence for knee cartilage quantification

Author: Christian Pfau, Christian Glaser, Felix Eckstein, and Martin Hudelmaier
Subjects: Adult, Cartilage, Articular, Male, Scanner, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Computer science, Biophysics, Context (language use), Young Adult, Flash (photography), Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Body Water, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Sequence, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Echo (computing), Resolution (electron density), Reproducibility of Results, Magnetic resonance imaging, Osteoarthritis, Knee, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Coronal plane, Female, Radiology, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: To compare several sequence implementations of the 3D FLASH sequence in the context of quantitative cartilage imaging. Test–retest coronal fast low angle shot (FLASH) sequences with water excitation were acquired in knees of 12 healthy participants, using two 1.5 T scanners from the same manufacturer. On one of the scanners, the FLASH was additionally compared with a FLASH VIBE, 75% with 100% slice resolution, a non-selective with a conventional spatial pulse, and “asymmetric echo allowed” with “not allowed”. Implementations of the FLASH showed systematic differences of up to 3.3%, but these were not statistically significant. Precision errors were similar between protocols, but tended to be smallest for the FLASH VIBE with 100% slice resolution (0.6–6.7%). In the medial tibia cartilage volume and thickness differed significantly (P
Published: 2011
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261. MRT-basierte Knorpelvolumetrie nach Kreuzbandersatzplastik in Korrelation mit qualitativen Gelenkveränderungen und dem klinischen Outcome. Gibt es Hinweise auf frühzeitige posttraumatische degenerative Veränderungen?

Author: Christian Glaser, Andreas P. Arnoldi, Sabine Weckbach, Nussbickel C, Zysk S, M. F. Reiser, Annie Horng, and I. Nöbauer
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Cartilage, Articular cartilage, Osteoarthritis, Diagnostic tools, medicine.disease, Knee cartilage, medicine.anatomical_structure, Orthopedic surgery, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, business, Acute trauma, Nuclear medicine
Abstract: PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze potential quantitative and qualitative changes of the knee cartilage and joint indicative of early posttraumatic OA 4 years after ACL-reconstruction and to correlate the MRI-findings with the clinical outcome (CO). MATERIALS AND METHODS 1.5 T MRI-scans were performed on 9 patients post-op and 4 years later. Using a high-resolution T 1-w-fs-FLASH-3D-sequence cartilage volume (cVol) and thickness (mTh) were quantified. Using standard PD-w fs and T 1-w sequences qualitative changes of the joint structures were analyzed based on the WORMS-score. CO was rated by an orthopaedic surgeon using Lysholm-score, OAK-score, Tegner-activity-score (TAS), and Arthrometer KT-1000 testing. RESULTS Mean changes of cVol were -1.8 % (range: -5.9 %; + 0.7 %) and of mTh -0.8 % (range: -3.0 %; + 1.1 %). No significant change (95 %-CI) could be identified for any compartment. Three patients developed new peripatellar ostheophytes, acute trauma related changes mostly decreased. Mean outcome of Lysholm-score and OAK-score were 90 pts and 86 pts, mean TAS was 4.3 pts. Average maximum tibial translation reached 5.2 mm comparing to 6.7 mm on the healthy contralateral side. CONCLUSION Despite a tendency towards decreased cVol and mTh 4 years after ACL-reconstruction qMRI revealed no significant cartilage loss. Newly developing osteophytes did not match with the observed good CO. This small pilot study motivates future quantitative and qualitative-structural MRI-based assessment of articular cartilage and other joint structures in order to improve diagnostic tools for the detection of early OA.
Published: 2011
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262. Comparison of Gd-DTPA and Gd-BOPTA for studying renal perfusion and filtration

Author: Maximilian F. Reiser, K. P. Lodemann, Bente Jespersen, Michael Pedersen, Michael Fischereder, Christian Glaser, Mike Notohamiprodjo, Andreas Helck, and Steven Sourbron
Subjects: Gadolinium DTPA, Gd bopta, Swine, Contrast Media, Renal function, Urine, Sensitivity and Specificity, Renal Circulation, Meglumine, Bolus (medicine), medicine.artery, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Organometallic Compounds, medicine, Animals, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Renal perfusion, Aorta, Proteinuria, Chemistry, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Image Enhancement, medicine.symptom, Nuclear medicine, business, Perfusion, Blood Flow Velocity, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Glomerular Filtration Rate
Abstract: Material and Methods: The 2-compartment filtration model for Gd-DTPA (2) was generalized to allow for protein binding. Eight healthy Danish-Landrace-pigs were examined in general anaesthesia at 1.5T with a saturation-recovery TurboFLASH sequence (1 axial and 2 coronal slices; temporal resolution 1s; TR 194ms; TE 0.96ms; IR 9ms; slice thickness 8mm). A double-bolus protocol with Gd-DTPA as first bolus followed by Gd-BOPTA as second bolus or vice versa (group I; Gd-DTPA/Gd-BOPTA n = 4 vs. group II GdBOPTA/Gd-DTPA n = 4) was performed. An arterial input function (AIF) was defined manually in the aorta and cortical regions-ofinterest were defined semi-automatically in left- and right kidneys using thresholds on plasma volume. Data were fitted to the generalized 2-compartment filtration model, producing split renal plasma-flow (FP) and -volume (VP), tubular flow (FT) or glomerular-filtration-rate (GFR) and tubular transit time (TT). Urine protein levels were obtained. Gd-DTPA and Gd-BOPTA values were compared with the Wilcoxon-signed-rank-test. Differences between both groups were assessed with the Wilcoxon-rank-sumtest. Results: The pigs demonstrated a weak proteinuria of 0.27 ± 0.08g/l. There were no significant differences between group I (GdDTPA then Gd-BOPTA) and group II (Gd-BOPTA) for any of the parameters. The AIF measured with Gd-BOPTA showed a significantly higher maximal enhancement (162.8 ± 36.9 AU), compared to the AIF derived from Gd-DTPA (145±29.8 AU) (p
Published: 2011
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263. AB1-insensitive high resolution 2DT1mapping pulse sequence for dGEMRIC of the HIP at 3 Tesla

Author: Henry Rusinek, Daniel Kim, Riccardo Lattanzi, Christian Glaser, Artem Mikheev, Michael P. Recht, Soterios Gyftopoulos, David J. Mossa, and Catherine N. Petchprapa
Subjects: Materials science, medicine.diagnostic_test, Pulse (signal processing), Cartilage, High resolution, Pulse sequence, Magnetic resonance imaging, Osteoarthritis, medicine.disease, Imaging phantom, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nuclear magnetic resonance, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Femoroacetabular impingement
Abstract: Early detection of cartilage degeneration in the hip may help prevent onset and progression of osteoarthritis in young patients with femoroacetabular impingement. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage is sensitive to cartilage glycosaminoglycan loss and could serve as a diagnostic tool for early cartilage degeneration. We propose a new high resolution 2D T1 mapping saturation-recovery pulse sequence with fast spin echo readout for delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage of the hip at 3 T. The proposed sequence was validated in a phantom and in 10 hips, using radial imaging planes, against a rigorous multipoint saturation-recovery pulse sequence with fast spin echo readout. T1 measurements by the two pulse sequences were strongly correlated (R2>0.95) and in excellent agreement (mean difference=-8.7 ms; upper and lower 95% limits of agreement=64.5 and -81.9 ms, respectively). T1 measurements were insensitive to B1+ variation as large as 20%, making the proposed T1 mapping technique suitable for 3 T.
Published: 2011
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264. A Practical Guide to Imaging of Cartilage Repair with Emphasis on Bone Marrow Changes

Author: Annie Horng, Gregory Chang, and Christian Glaser
Subjects: Cartilage, Articular, medicine.medical_specialty, Knee Joint, Contrast Media, Gadolinium, Knee Injuries, Transplantation, Autologous, Postoperative Complications, Bone Marrow, medicine, Humans, Orthopedic Procedures, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Autologous chondrocyte implantation, Cartilage repair, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Cartilage, Magnetic resonance imaging, Image Enhancement, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Repair tissue, medicine.anatomical_structure, Orthopedic surgery, Sodium MRI, Radiology, Bone marrow, business
Abstract: Orthopedic surgeons have multiple options available to treat articular cartilage lesions, including microfracture, osteochondral autografting, and autologous chondrocyte implantation. By having basic knowledge of these surgical procedures, radiologists can more accurately interpret imaging studies obtained after surgery. In this article, we briefly review the different types of cartilage repair procedures, their appearance on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and pathologic MRI findings associated with postoperative complications. We also briefly discuss advanced MRI techniques (T2 mapping, delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage, sodium MRI) that have been recently used to assess the biochemical composition of repair tissue matrix. MRI can accurately assess the status and health of cartilage repair tissue. By providing this information to orthopedic surgeons, radiologists can play a valuable role in the management of patients who undergo cartilage repair surgery.
Published: 2011
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265. Change of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters in Articular Cartilage With Progressive Proteoglycan Extraction

Author: Maximilian F. Reiser, José G. Raya, Reinhard Putz, Bart Kahr, Olaf Dietrich, Silvia Adam-Neumair, Christian Glaser, Gerd Melkus, Peter M. Jakob, and Elisabeth Mützel
Subjects: Cartilage, Articular, Materials science, Quantitative Biology::Tissues and Organs, Physics::Medical Physics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Fractional anisotropy, medicine, Humans, Effective diffusion coefficient, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Cartilage, Extraction (chemistry), Delayed Gadolinium Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cartilage, Magnetic resonance imaging, General Medicine, Anatomy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, Proteoglycan, biology.protein, Phenazines, Indicators and Reagents, Proteoglycans, Collagen, Diffusion MRI
Abstract: To investigate changes of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters (mean apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], fractional anisotropy [FA], and first eigenvector) with increasing proteoglycan (PG) extraction of articular cartilage.Twelve cylindrical cartilage-on-bone samples were drilled from 4 human patellae (3 per patella). Each sample was divided into 2 pieces. One piece underwent histologic examination to assess the PG content of the native sample by safranin-O staining and its collagen architecture by polarized light microscopy. The other underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 17.6 T for DTI measurement. After MRI, 2 of the 3 samples from each patella were immersed in a dilute trypsin solution (0.1 mg/mL), whereas the third sample was kept as a negative control in physiological saline. After incubation (6, 48, 72, and 96 hours), the samples were reimaged, stained for PG content and for the collagen orientation. Maps of ADC, FA, and the orientation of the first eigenvector as well as histology were available for each sample before and after incubation.PG loss led to increased ADC and reduced safranin-O staining from the articular surface to the bone-cartilage interface. A significant correlation (r(2) = 0.86, P0.01) was observed between the change in bulk ADC and PG loss. Regional analysis from the articular surface to the tide mark demonstrated depth dependent significant correlations of ADC and PG loss. FA and first eigenvector as well as polarized light microscopy showed only small changes in the order of magnitude of measurement errors, not correlating with PG loss.Mean diffusivity evidence by the ADC is linearly correlated to progressive PG extraction in articular cartilage. FA and the first eigenvector seem to be specific to the collagen architecture of cartilage. DTI has the potential to become a valuable biomarker for the workup of cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis, since evaluation of the PG content and collagen architectural properties of cartilage can be performed with a single, non–contrast-enhanced proton-based MRI measurement.
Published: 2011
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266. Discoid lateral meniscus in children: magnetic resonance imaging after arthroscopic resection

Author: Christian Glaser, Volkmar Jansson, Annie Horng, Alessandro von Liebe, Andreas Scharpf, Wolfgang Mayer, Susanne Mayer-Wagner, Peter E. Müller, and T. Vogel
Subjects: Male, Discoid lateral meniscus, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Menisci, Tibial, Resection, Arthroscopy, Discoid meniscus, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, medicine.diagnostic_test, Meniscal tissue, business.industry, Magnetic resonance imaging, musculoskeletal system, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Surgery, body regions, Treatment Outcome, Arthroscopic resection, Orthopedic surgery, Female, Radiology, business
Abstract: The discoid meniscus is a common meniscal anomaly. Symptomatic discoid menisci treated by arthroscopic surgery were examined preoperatively and postoperatively by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Aim of this study was to quantify the amount of meniscal resection when treating discoid meniscus in children by partial meniscectomy. The hypothesis was that partial meniscectomy left sufficient amounts of meniscal tissue.A quantitative evaluation of meniscal size comparing preoperative and postoperative data after partial meniscectomy was performed by MRI (n = 6). The anteroposterior meniscal diameter and anterior and posterior thickness were measured. The relative postoperative thickness to preoperative thickness was defined. All patients were graded according to Lysholm score and Ikeuchi knee scale.The quantitative MRI evaluation showed a pronounced reduction of the anteroposterior meniscal diameter (42%) and anterior thickness (41%) after partial meniscectomy, whereas the posterior thickness showed a mean increase of 50%. According to Ikeuchi, all clinical postoperative findings were excellent and displayed an increase in Lysholm score.MRI findings showed that the amount of remaining tissue after partial meniscectomy was smaller than aspired. Especially in the anterior joint, the final size of remaining meniscal tissue was overestimated intraoperatively. It may be concluded that in arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, the final meniscal size, especially in the anterior part of the joint, is difficult to assess. As it is known that the extent of meniscal resection plays a crucial role in the clinical course of discoid menisci, these data claim retentiveness in resecting meniscal tissue.
Published: 2011
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267. Whole-body MR imaging in psoriatic arthritis: Additional value for therapeutic decision making

Author: Denise Steffinger, Christian Glaser, Henrik J. Michaely, Maximilian F. Reiser, Stefan Schewe, and Sabine Weckbach
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Image quality, Physical examination, Sensitivity and Specificity, Decision Support Techniques, Psoriatic arthritis, Psoriasis, medicine, Humans, Whole Body Imaging, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Arthritis, Psoriatic, Reproducibility of Results, General Medicine, Therapeutic decision making, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Sagittal plane, medicine.anatomical_structure, Coronal plane, Physical therapy, Female, Radiology, business, Whole body
Abstract: In psoriatic arthritis (PsA) multiple locations may show inflammatory changes not always readily accessible to clinical exam. Often, clinical exam is inconclusive and the decision to initiate or adapt therapy is difficult. Whole body (WB)-MRI may help in this situation by providing a comprehensive overview of affected areas/joints. The purpose of this study was to make a proof of concept whether WB-MRI in psoriatic arthritis is feasible and can provide additional information compared to clinical examination alone with regard to therapeutic decision making in patients with PsA and inconclusive clinical situation.30 patients with PsA and diffuse musculoskeletal pain were examined. A WB-MRI protocol was implemented on a 1.5 Tesla scanner using coronal and sagittal STIR- (TR: 5800, TE: 54, matrix 384(2) pixels, FOV 400 mm) and pre- and steady-state-post-Gadolinium-VIBE sequences (TR: 9.82, TE: 4.53, matrix 384×307 pixels, FOV: 400 mm). MRI was evaluated for image quality and inflammatory findings by two readers in consensus and compared to clinical exam.The WB-MR-exam was well tolerated by all patients. Image quality was rated good to excellent in 26 of 30 patients (86.6%). WB-MRI detected significantly (p0.001) more areas of synovitis/enthesitis than clinical exam except for the hands and feet. MRI was able to detect unknown destructive bony changes in 10 patients (53%). In 22 patients (73.3%) the therapy regimen was modified, in 18 patients (62%) TNF-alpha-inhibitors were started.Whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) may be integrated in the diagnostic work-up of patients with psoriatic arthropathy facilitating individual adaptation of therapeutic strategy.
Published: 2011
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268. Lokoregionäre Deformationsmuster im Patellarknorpel nach unterschiedlichen Belastungsparadigmen - hochauflösende 3-D-MR-Volumetrie bei 3 T in vivo

Author: U Hoehne-Hückstädt, M Pietschmann, M. F. Reiser, Lorenz König, K. G. Hering, José G. Raya, I Hermanns, U Glitsch, Mike Notohamiprodjo, Christian Glaser, R. Ellegast, M Zscharn, and Annie Horng
Subjects: Materials science, Patellar cartilage, business.industry, Cartilage, Biomechanics, Kneeling, Anatomy, Deformation (meteorology), computer.software_genre, Sagittal plane, medicine.anatomical_structure, Voxel, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Patella, Nuclear medicine, business, human activities, computer
Abstract: PURPOSE To analyze locoregional deformation patterns indicative of contact areas in patellar cartilage after different loading exercises. MATERIALS AND METHODS 7 healthy patellae were examined in-vivo before and immediately after standardized loading (kneeling, squatting or knee bends) and after 90 minutes of rest using a sagittal 3D-T1-w FLASH WE sequence (22 msec/ 9.8 msec/ 15°/ 0.3 × 0.3 × 1.5 mm³) at 3 T. After cartilage segmentation and 3D reconstruction, voxel-based and global precision errors (PR) were calculated. The former were used to determine significant differences in local cartilage thickness. Voxel-based 2σ-thickness difference maps were calculated to visualize locoregional deformation patterns. Global changes in volume (Vol), mean thickness (mTh) and cartilage-bone-interface area (CBIA) were calculated. RESULTS The voxel-based PR depended on cartilage thickness (D) ranging from 0.12 - 0.35 mm. For D ≥ 1 mm the RF was < 0.31 mm (< voxel size), and for D ≥ 2 mm, the RF was < 0.22 mm. The global PR was 83 mm³ (2.4 %) for Vol, 0.06 mm (2.0 %) for mTh and 16 mm² (1.4 %) for CBIA. The focal cartilage deformation equaled 14 % of the local thickness reduction. The deformation areas were oval and located in the peripheral medial (more vertically oriented, all exercises) and caudo-lateral (more horizontally oriented, kneeling and knee bends) aspects of the patella and were least pronounced in knee bends. Significant changes for Vol/mTh ranged from 2.1 to 3.7 %. CONCLUSION This MRI-based study is the first to identify in-vivo voxel-based patellar cartilage deformation patterns indicating contact and loading zones after kneeling and squatting. These zones are anatomically and functionally plausible and may represent areas where stress induced degeneration and subsequent OA can originate. The data may facilitate understanding of individual knee loading properties and help to improve and validate biomechanical models for the knee.
Published: 2010
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269. Comparison of analyzer-based imaging computed tomography extraction algorithms and application to bone-cartilage imaging

Author: Paola Coan, Christian Glaser, Paul C. Diemoz, Alberto Bravin, Diemoz Paul, C, Bravin, A, Glaser, C, and Coan, P
Subjects: Male, Spectrum analyzer, Materials science, Radiography, FIS/07 - FISICA APPLICATA (A BENI CULTURALI, AMBIENTALI, BIOLOGIA E MEDICINA), Context (language use), Bone and Bones, symbols.namesake, Optics, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Gaussian function, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Aged, analyzer-based imaging, computed tomography, extraction algorithms, bone, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Geometrical optics, Phantoms, Imaging, business.industry, Phase-contrast imaging, Refraction, Visualization, Cartilage, symbols, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, Algorithm, Algorithms
Abstract: In x-ray phase-contrast analyzer-based imaging, the contrast is provided by a combination of absorption, refraction and scattering effects. Several extraction algorithms, which attempt to separate and quantify these different physical contributions, have been proposed and applied. In a previous work, we presented a quantitative comparison of five among the most well-known extraction algorithms based on the geometrical optics approximation applied to planar images: diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI), extended diffraction-enhanced imaging (E-DEI), generalized diffraction-enhanced imaging (G-DEI), multiple-image radiography (MIR) and Gaussian curve fitting (GCF). In this paper, we compare these algorithms in the case of the computed tomography (CT) modality. The extraction algorithms are applied to analyzer-based CT images of both plastic phantoms and biological samples (cartilage-on-bone cylinders). Absorption, refraction and scattering signals are derived. Results obtained with the different algorithms may vary greatly, especially in the case of large refraction angles. We show that ABI-CT extraction algorithms can provide an excellent tool to enhance the visualization of cartilage internal structures, which may find applications in a clinical context. Besides, by using the refraction images, the refractive index decrements for both the cartilage matrix and the cartilage cells have been estimated.
Published: 2010
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270. Comprehensive MR evaluation of renal disease: Added clinical value of quantified renal perfusion values over single MR angiography

Author: Steven Sourbron, Ulrike I. Attenberger, Gita M. Schoeppler, John N. Morelli, Walter Samtleben, Stefan O. Schoenberg, Christian Glaser, Krista L. Birkemeier, Tim Leiner, Maximilian F. Reiser, and Henrik J. Michaely
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Kidney, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Mr angiography, Hemodynamics, Magnetic resonance imaging, Perfusion scanning, medicine.anatomical_structure, Flip angle, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Radiology, Renal perfusion, business, Nuclear medicine, Perfusion
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of quantified renal perfusion parameters in identifying and differentiating renovascular from renal parenchymal disease. Materials and Methods: In all, 27 patients underwent renal perfusion measurements on a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. Imaging was performed with a saturation recovery TurboFLASH sequence (TR/TE 177/0.93 msec, flip angle 12°, 5 slices/sec). All patients also underwent high-resolution MR angiography (MRA) (TR/TE 3.1/1.09, flip angle 23°, spatial resolution 0.9 × 0.8 × 0.9 mm3). MR perfusion measurements were analyzed with a two-compartment model, quantifying the plasma flow (FP)—a characteristic renal first-pass perfusion parameter. A receiver-operator characteristic analysis was used to determine the optimal threshold value for distinguishing normal and abnormal plasma flow values. Utilizing this cutoff, sensitivity and specificity of solitary MR perfusion measurements, MRA, and a diagnostic strategy combining the two were evaluated. Results: Quantified MR perfusion values yielded a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 85% utilizing the optimal plasma flow threshold value of 150 mL/100 mL/min, whereas single MRA achieved a sensitivity of 51.9% and a specificity of 90%. Combining both methods enabled improved detection of renovascular and renoparenchymal disease with a sensitivity of 96.3% and specificity of 90%. Conclusion: In distinction to MRA, quantified MR perfusion measurements allow for the detection of pure renal parenchymal disorders. The combination of MRA with these perfusion measurements suggests an algorithm by which parenchymal and renovascular diseases may be reliably distinguished and the hemodynamic significance of the latter reliably determined. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:125–133. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Published: 2009
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271. MRI of the Knee at 3T

Author: Sabine Weckbach, Peter E. Müller, Maximilian F. Reiser, Annie Horng, Karin A. Herrmann, Jaeseok Park, Wilhelm Horger, José Maria Raya Garcia del Olmo, Matthias F. Pietschmann, Mike Notohamiprodjo, Alexander Crispin, and Christian Glaser
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Knee Joint, Computer science, Pilot Projects, Sensitivity and Specificity, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Knee mri, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Sequence (medicine), business.industry, Isotropy, Technical evaluation, Reproducibility of Results, General Medicine, Image Enhancement, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Anisotropy, Female, Radiology, Nuclear medicine, business, Algorithms
Abstract: To clinically evaluate MRI of the knee using a highly resolved isotropic fat-saturated (fs) proton-density weighted 3D-TSE-sequence (SPACE) at 3T.Imaging was performed on a 3T-scanner (Magnetom TRIO). For technical evaluation, sagittally orientated SPACE-datasets (repetition-time [TR], 1200 milliseconds/[TE], 30 milliseconds/voxel-size, 0.5 mm3/acquisition time, 10:35 minutes) were acquired from the dominant knee of 10 healthy volunteers. In the 3 major anatomic planes, 0.5, 1, and 2 mm thick reconstructions were performed. Signal-to-noise (SNR), SNR-efficiency, contrast-to-noise (CNR) ratios, and anatomic detail visualization were compared with a state-of-the-art 2D-TSE-sequence in 3 imaging planes (TR, 3200 milliseconds/TE, 30 milliseconds/acquisition time, 12:34 minutes). Sixty patients with cartilage and meniscus pathologies were examined with these techniques. Patient SPACE-datasets were assessed in 1-mm thick reconstructions. Arthroscopical correlation was available for 18 patients. Lesion detection and diagnostic confidence were assessed by 2 radiologists independently. Statistical analysis was performed using 95% confidence intervals, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and Weighted-kappa.SNR-efficiency of SPACE was 4 to 5 times higher than for 2D-TSE-sequences. SNR and CNR of 1-mm thick SPACE-reconstructions were comparable to 2D-TSE-sequences and provided superior visualization of small structures such as meniscal roots.Correlation with arthroscopy did not show significant differences between 2D- and 3D-sequences. One reader detected significantly more cartilage abnormalities with the 2D-TSE-sequence (131 vs. 151, P = 0.04), probably because of an unfamiliar fluid/cartilage contrast. Diagnostic confidence was significantly higher for meniscus abnormalities for SPACE for 1 reader. Intersequence-correlation was excellent (kappa = 0.82-0.92). Interreader-correlation was good to excellent (kappa = 0.71-0.80), intrareader-correlation was excellent (kappa = 0.90-0.92) for both sequences.Time-efficient 3D-TSE-imaging of the knee at 3T is feasible with adequate SNR and CNR and excellent anatomic detail visualization. Detection and visualization of meniscus and cartilage pathologies is comparable to standard 2D-TSE-sequences. 3D-TSE-sequences with consecutive multiplanar reconstruction may become a valuable component of future knee-MRI protocols.
Published: 2009
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272. Cell quality affects clinical outcome after MACI procedure for cartilage injury of the knee

Author: Volkmar Jansson, Christian Glaser, Matthias F. Pietschmann, Isa Pagenstert, Peter E. Müller, Annie Horng, Birte Sievers, and Thomas R. Niethammer
Subjects: Adult, Cartilage, Articular, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Knee Injuries, Transplantation, Autologous, Young Adult, Chondrocytes, medicine, Cartilage injury, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Young adult, Autologous chondrocyte implantation, Tissue Engineering, Tissue Scaffolds, business.industry, Cartilage, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Osteochondritis dissecans, Surgery, Transplantation, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Orthopedic surgery, Etiology, Female, business
Abstract: The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that in early follow up after matrix guided autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI), clinical results do not correlate with radiological and histological results, and that MACI as first line procedure and treatment of traumatic cartilage defects leads to better results compared to second line treatment and treatment of degenerative defects. Six and twelve months after MACI, patients IKDC-score was analysed, as well as the results of MRI-examinations. Specimens of the scaffold were histologically assessed at the time of implantation. The IKDC-score as well as the MRI-score improved significantly during follow up. The number of morphological abnormal cells was correlated with a poor clinical outcome. Defect aetiology proved to be a decisive factor for good clinical outcome. Patients with a short history of trauma (
Published: 2009
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273. Coral surface area quantification–evaluation of established techniques by comparison with computer tomography

Author: Christian Glaser, Wolfgang Niggl, Christian Laforsch, Christian Wild, and Malik S. Naumann
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Planar projection, Coral, Mineralogy, Coral reef, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, Montipora, Acropora, Tomography, Reef, Surface reconstruction
Abstract: The surface area of scleractinian corals represents an important reference parameter required for various aspects of coral reef science. However, with advancements in detection accuracy and novel approaches for coral surface area quantification, evaluation of established techniques in comparison with state-of-the-art technology gains importance to coral researchers. This study presents an evaluation of methodological accuracy for established techniques in comparison to a novel approach composed of computer tomography (CT) and 3-dimensional surface reconstruction. The skeleton surface area of reef corals from six genera representing the most common morphological growth forms was acquired by CT and subsequently measured by computer-aided 3-dimensional surface reconstruction. Surface area estimates for the same corals were also obtained by application of four established techniques: Simple and Advanced Geometry, Wax Coating and Planar Projection Photography. Comparison of the resulting area values revealed significant differences between the majority (82%) of established techniques and the CT reference. Genus-specific analysis assigned the highest accuracy to geometric approximations (Simple or Advanced Geometry) for the majority of assessed coral genera (maximum accuracy: 104%; Simple Geometry with Montipora sp.). The commonly used and invasive Wax Coating technique reached intermediate accuracy (47–74%) for the majority of genera, but performed outstanding in the measurement of branching Acropora spp. corals (maximum accuracy: 101%), while the Planar Projection Photography delivered genera-wide low accuracy (12–36%). Comparison of area values derived from established techniques and CT additionally yielded approximation factors (AFs) applicable as factors in the mathematical improvement of surface area estimates by established techniques in relation to CT reference accuracy.
Published: 2009
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274. A precise and non-destructive method to calculate the surface area in living scleractinian corals using X-ray computed tomography and 3D modeling

Author: Wolfgang Niggl, Christian Glaser, Christian Laforsch, Christian Wild, Malik S. Naumann, and E. Christoph
Subjects: Cnidaria, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Coral, Scleractinia, Flux, Mineralogy, Coral reef, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, Rendering (computer graphics), Isosurface, Tomography
Abstract: The surface area of corals represents a major reference parameter for the standardization of flux rates, for coral growth investigations, and for investigations of coral metabolism. The methods currently used to determine the surface area of corals are rather approximate approaches lacking accuracy, or are invasive and often destructive methods that are inapplicable for experiments involving living corals. This study introduces a novel precise and non-destructive technique to quantify surface area in living coral colonies by applying computed tomography (CT) and subsequent 3D reconstruction. Living coral colonies of different taxa were scanned by conventional medical CT either in air or in sea water. Resulting data volumes were processed by 3D modeling software providing realistic 3D coral skeleton surface reconstructions, thus enabling surface area measurements. Comparisons of CT datasets obtained from calibration bodies and coral colonies proved the accuracy of the surface area determination. Surface area quantifications derived from two different surface rendering techniques applied for scanning living coral colonies showed congruent results (mean deviation ranging from 1.32 to 2.03%). The validity of surface area measurement was verified by repeated measurements of the same coral colonies by three test persons. No significant differences between all test persons in all coral genera and in both surface rendering techniques were found (independent sample t-test: all n.s.). Data analysis of a single coral colony required approximately 15 to 30 min for a trained user using the isosurface technique regardless of the complexity and growth form of the latter, rendering the method presented in this study as a time-saving and accurate method to quantify surface areas in both living coral colonies and bare coral skeletons.
Published: 2008
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275. Free bone cement fragments after minimally invasive unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: an underappreciated problem

Author: Peter E. Müller, Patrick Weber, Volkmar Jansson, Christian Glaser, Christof Birkenmaier, and S. M. Hauptmann
Subjects: Adult, Male, Reoperation, musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Knee Joint, medicine.medical_treatment, Radiography, Intraoperative fluoroscopy, medicine, Humans, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Cement, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Arthroscopy, Bone Cements, technology, industry, and agriculture, Middle Aged, Foreign Bodies, Bone cement, Arthroplasty, Prosthesis Failure, Surgery, surgical procedures, operative, Orthopedic surgery, Female, business
Abstract: The minimally invasive implantation of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) leads to excellent functional results, but due to the reduced intraoperative visibility the removal of excessive cement may be difficult. In a retrospective study we assessed radiologically the incidence of loose and excess bone cement in 120 UKAs and correlated it to the thickness of the tibial cement layer. In 25 cases loose or attached excess cement was seen. Two of these patients with loose cement bodies required revision surgery. An additional 2 patients not operated at our institution required revision because of pain and loss of motion. The average thickness of the tibial cement layer was 3.1 (1.7–5.0) mm in all the patients. But it was significantly higher in the group with excess cement bodies [3.3 (2.3–5.0) mm] compared to the group without excess cement [3.0 (1.7–4.1) mm] (P < 0.05). Symptomatic free cement bodies need to be removed immediately, if necessary arthroscopically, in order to avoid damage to the implants. To avoid this problem in minimally invasive UKA, intraoperative fluoroscopy, a dental mirror or a nerve hook seem to be useful tools to identify and remove loose or excess cement.
Published: 2008
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276. Acute Paraplegia After Vertebroplasty Caused by Epidural Hemorrhage

Author: Christof Birkenmaier, Christoph von Schulze Pellengahr, Alessandro von Liebe, Christian Glaser, Bernd Wegener, Maximilian I. Ruge, and Sebastian Seitz
Subjects: Reoperation, medicine.medical_specialty, Osteoporosis, Epidural hematoma, Back pain, medicine, Humans, Spinal canal, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Epidural Hemorrhage, Pain Measurement, Aged, 80 and over, Paraplegia, Pain, Postoperative, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Decompression, Surgical, Hematoma, Epidural, Spinal, Pulmonary embolism, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anesthesia, Orthopedic surgery, Acute Disease, Female, Spinal Diseases, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Vertebroplasty is widely used for the palliative stabilization of osteoporotic fractures and vertebral metastases. Serious complications with this procedure are rare and, as a result, vertebroplasty is being performed increasingly in hospitals without a spinal surgery unit or even in radiology practices where such complications may not be managed adequately when they arise. The leakage of cement into draining veins is the most frequent complication1,2, followed by cement penetration into the spinal canal. Fatal pulmonary embolism has been reported, and small cement emboli are not uncommon1,3. When cement penetration into the spinal canal causes a neurological deficit, decompression and often removal of the cement are required. The case of a patient who had an epidural hematoma after kyphoplasty associated with the postoperative administration of an intravenous heparin bolus has been described4. We report the case of a patient who had an acute epidural hemorrhage causing paraplegia as a complication from vertebroplasty. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such report. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication. An eighty-two-year-old woman with intractable back pain was transferred to our service from another hospital. A diagnosis of osteoporosis had been made following multiple vertebral fractures that had occurred approximately one year before and from which she had fully recovered after treatment with oral analgesics, calcium, vitamin D, and use of a brace. When renewed back pain developed, she first had received outpatient therapy with a variety of orally administered analgesics, including opioids for about five weeks, and oral alendronate (70 mg once per week). At the time of transfer to our department, she was receiving high doses of narcotic analgesics both orally and intravenously, but she was still immobilized because of pain. …
Published: 2007
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277. Quantitative T2 Mapping of Matrix-Associated Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation at 3 Tesla

Author: Tallal C. Mamisch, Steven Millington, Christian Glaser, Oliver Stastny, Siegfried Trattnig, Pavol Szomolanyi, Wilhelm Horger, Simone Gebetsroither, Stefan Marlovits, and Goetz H. Welsch
Subjects: Adult, Cartilage, Articular, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Knee Joint, T2 mapping, Matrix (biology), Transplantation, Autologous, Chondrocyte, Chondrocytes, In vivo, Cartilage transplantation, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Analysis of Variance, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Cartilage, Magnetic resonance imaging, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Surgery, Transplantation, Cross-Sectional Studies, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Nuclear medicine, business
Abstract: To evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) T2 mapping for characterization of cartilage repair tissue following matrix-associated autologous cartilage transplantation (MACT).Fifteen patients were evaluated following MACT using a 3T MR scanner. Patients were categorized into 2 postoperative intervals: I: 3-13 months, II: 19-42 months. Mean T2 relaxation times calculated from multiple spin-echo sequence were determined in regions of interest (MACT and normal hyaline cartilage) and T2 line profiles through the repair tissue and control sites were acquired.Mean global T2 values of repair tissue in group I were significantly higher than at control sites (P0.05). Repair tissue in group II showed no significant difference to control sites. Repair tissue T2 line profiles normalized over time toward the control sites.T2 mapping allows visualization of cartilage repair tissue maturation. Global T2 repair tissue values approach that of control sites after more than 1.5 years, similar behavior is seen in the zonal organization.
Published: 2007
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278. Vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral body fracture

Author: Christoph G. Trumm, Christian Weber, Tobias F. Jakobs, M. F. Reiser, Ralf-Thorsten Hoffmann, and Christian Glaser
Subjects: Vertebroplasty, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Osteoporosis, Venography, Interventional radiology, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Bone cement, Surgery, Vertebral body, Fractures, Spontaneous, medicine, Needle placement, Humans, Spinal Fractures, Fluoroscopy, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, sense organs, Radiology, skin and connective tissue diseases, business, Neuroradiology
Abstract: During the last few years, vertebroplasty has gained a wide acceptance for the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral body fractures and osteolytic changes. However, new guidelines with significant changes in indications and technique were published recently in Europe. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight recent changes in indications for vertebroplasty, patient work-up and changes in procedural technique, and to give an overview of patient outcome and possible complications. Therefore, technical details like different types of fluoroscopy, needle placement, pain management during the intervention, recommended equipment, including bone cement, and the use of venography are discussed. Postprocedural issues are noted, including the risk of minor and major complications and the expected outcome of the treated patients.
Published: 2007
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279. T2-Relaxationszeit am Patellaknorpel - Globale und regionale Reproduzierbarkeit bei 1,5 Tesla und 3 Tesla

Author: Christian Glaser, T. Mendlik, S. Wagner, Ralf-Thorsten Hoffmann, M. F. Reiser, W. Horger, Annie Horng, José G. Raya, and Sabine Weckbach
Subjects: Reproducibility, Patellar cartilage, business.industry, Standard deviation, T2 value, Data set, Root mean square, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Sample size determination, Water excitation, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Nuclear medicine, business, Mathematics
Abstract: PURPOSE Evaluation of the global and regional reproducibility of T2 relaxation time in patellar cartilage at 1.5 T and 3 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS 6 left patellae of 6 healthy volunteers (aged 25 - 30, 3 female, 3 male) were examined using a fat-saturated multiecho sequence and a T1-w 3D-FLASH sequence with water excitation at 1.5 Tesla and 3 Tesla. Three consecutive data sets were acquired within one MRI session with the examined knee being repositioned in the coil and scanner between each data set. The segmented cartilage (FLASH sequence) was overlaid on the multiecho data and T2 values were calculated for the total cartilage, 3 horizontal layers consisting of a superficial, intermedial and deep layer, 3 facets consisting of a medial, median (ridge) and lateral facet (global T2 values) and 27 ROIs/MRI slices (regional T2 value). The reproducibility (precision error) was calculated as the root mean square average of the individual standard deviations [ms] and coefficients of variation (COV) [%]. RESULTS The mean global reproducibility error for T2 was 3.53 % (+/- 0.38 %) at 1.5 Tesla and 3.25 % (+/- 0.61 %) at 3 Tesla. The mean regional reproducibility error for T2 was 8.62 % (+/- 2.61 %) at 1.5 Tesla and 9.66 % (+/- 3.37 %) at 3 Tesla. There was no significant difference with respect to absolute reproducibility errors between 1.5 Tesla and 3 Tesla at a constant spatial resolution. However, different reproducibility errors were found between the cartilage layers. One third of the data variability could be attributed to the influence of the different cartilage layers, and another 10 % to the influence of the separate MRI slices. CONCLUSION Our data provides an estimation of the global and regional reproducibility errors of T2 in healthy cartilage. In the analysis of small subregions, an increase in the regional reproducibility error must be accepted. The data may serve as a basis for sample size calculations of study populations and may contribute to the decision regarding the level of detail of an evaluation of study data.
Published: 2007
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280. Large scale distribution of ultra high energy cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory with zenith angles up to 80°

Author: M. L. Díaz Castro, D. Martraire, G. Farrar, M. Urban, A. C. Rovero, C. Bleve, Francesca Zuccarello, A. Tepe, M. Oliveira, B. García, Tobias Winchen, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, D. Martello, P. Lebrun, R. López, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, Maurice Stephan, B. Kégl, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Alberto Filevich, Peter Hansen, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, Thomas Harrison, Marcus Niechciol, A. Tonachini, B. Revenu, J. R. Vázquez, P. Sanchez-Lucas, D. Harari, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, U. Fröhlich, F. Guarino, Azadeh Keivani, D. Kruppke-Hansen, M. Zavrtanik, J. Kleinfeller, Richard Dallier, A. Nelles, F. Diogo, R. M. de Almeida, M. Ludwig, S. Hartmann, Peter Buchholz, M. Szuba, I.M. Brancus, Miguel Mostafá, Marcio Aparecido Muller, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Martin Erdmann, Yogendra N. Srivastava, M. I. Micheletti, R. Pelayo, H. Glass, V. M. Aranda, Rúben Conceição, Marco Aglietta, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, J. W. Cronin, Lu Lu, P. van Bodegom, P.F. Gómez Vitale, L. Nellen, E.M. Holt, A. Saleh, Harm Schoorlemmer, P. Pieroni, F. Arqueros, S. Maldera, M. Videla, David Wittkowski, G. Salina, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, S. Querchfeld, R. Gaior, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, G. Toma, Nataliia Borodai, C. Morello, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. R. Hampel, R. Alves Batista, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, E. Petermann, Miroslav Pech, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, E. Varela, N. Griffith, N. Kunka, Petr Schovanek, Roger W Clay, Silvia Mollerach, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, Pavel Horvath, S. Riggi, Sarka Wykes, L. Ochilo, I. A. Minaya, B. Keilhauer, M. S. Sutherland, Jing Zhou, R. Meissner, Julien Aublin, Markus Roth, P. Necesal, Martina Bohacova, Patrick Allison, J. Sorokin, A. Śmiałkowski, Alex Kääpä, J. Allen, André Schulz, S. J. Sciutto, F. Suarez, Thomas Hebbeker, Paulo J. S. Gonçalves, Sergio Dasso, Martín Miguel Freire, V. Pirronello, G. Cocciolo, Peter L. Biermann, Paul Sommers, L. del Peral, D. Nosek, Alina Mihaela Badescu, M. Prouza, Jörg R. Hörandel, G. Garilli, Johannes Schumacher, Colin Baus, P. Gouffon, M. J. Cooper, F. Sánchez, Carlos Medina, M. De Domenico, O. Ravel, B. Vargas Cárdenas, M. Ave, Iuri Muniz Pepe, T. Suomijärvi, C. Jarne, Octavian Fratu, Maria Rita Coluccia, Sofia Andringa, Bruno Daniel, G. Marsella, T. Yapici, Foteini Oikonomou, J. J. Masías Meza, D. Maurel, T. Huege, N. Awal, S. Müller, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, F. Salamida, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, M. Platino, I. Jandt, M. Monasor, Michael Unger, N. Scharf, P. Heimann, J. Pallotta, Paolo Privitera, A. Tapia, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Lorenzo Caccianiga, A. Weindl, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Q. Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Stijn Buitink, H. Schieler, V. M. Theodoro, M. Fernandes, Ralf Ulrich, H. Gemmeke, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, K. Louedec, E. Kemp, Serguei Vorobiov, Dusan Mandat, H.O. Klages, Luis A. Anchordoqui, O. Kambeitz, D. Monnier Ragaigne, V. Novotny, J. Bäuml, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, S. Mathys, M. Erfani, G. Cataldi, Mariangela Settimo, N. Hollon, V. Verzi, Peter Schiffer, David Schmidt, J. Vicha, S. Quinn, A. Segreto, D. Nitz, M. Ambrosio, O. A. Taborda, S. Messina, Philipp Papenbreer, E. J. Quel, Nicolás González, C. E. Santo, A. van Vliet, B. Tome, G. Müller, Eric Mayotte, K. H. Kampert, Alexey Yushkov, Antonella Castellina, A. P. Ferguson, M. Palatka, S. J. De Jong, Petr Travnicek, B. Zamorano, Radomir Smida, B. Vlcek, H. Martinez, Octavian Sima, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Lebrun, L. Nožka, L. Tomankova, G. Navarra, R. Piegaia, A. Chiavassa, A. E. Herve, K. B. Barber, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, W. Docters, Alan Coleman, V. Scherini, V. Purrello, J. Lozano Bahilo, A. Porcelli, C. A. Moura, T. Yamamoto, Brian Fick, L. R. Wiencke, Trent D. Grubb, D. Huber, Béatrice Fuchs, Samo Stanič, L. Molina-Bueno, D. Melo, Moritz Münchmeyer, David Walz, G. C. Hill, Niraj Dhital, Pierre Billoir, M. Avenier, A. Curutiu, D. Heck, M. Mallamaci, Florian Gaté, I. Valiño, H. Blümer, Max Malacari, Darko Veberič, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, R. Sato, Ralph Engel, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, V. de Souza, Juan Manuel Figueira, Corbin Covault, Alexandra Saftoiu, Mario Buscemi, F. Werner, Roberta Colalillo, G. Matthiae, Ugo Giaccari, A. G. Mariazzi, Iván Sidelnik, J. Ridky, Y. Petrov, A. Cordier, Guenter Sigl, M. Candusso, Peter Gorham, A. Stutz, J. Neuser, G. P. Guedes, G. Torralba Elipe, Eva Santos, Antonio Bueno, M. Josebachuili, D. Maurizio, Kai Daumiller, Piotr Homola, P. Facal San Luis, M. Blanco, Toshihiro Fujii, Charles Timmermans, L. Collica, R. Krause, L. Valore, Lino Miramonti, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, R. Meyhandan, R. Bonino, Gualberto Avila, A. Shadkam, Amin Aminaei, J. C. Diaz, Jose Chinellato, P. Lautridou, A. Gorgi, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, A. Zepeda, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Esteban Roulet, A. Widom, Angela V. Olinto, E. Trovato, S. Navas, M. S. A. B. Leão, Pedro Assis, A. Etchegoyen, van den Ad M Berg, Luca Latronico, A. Letessier-Selvon, B. Gookin, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, P. L. Ghia, Lorenzo Cazon, N. Palmieri, P. H. Nguyen, S. Le Coz, Lukas Middendorf, Christine Peters, Eun-Joo Ahn, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Melissas, Joshua A. Gordon, R. A. Vázquez, A. Filipčič, A. C. Fauth, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, A. Menshikov, E. M. Santos, M. Risse, J. D. Swain, B. Wilczynska, John N. Matthews, R. M. Kieckhafer, J. Rautenberg, François Montanet, M. Plum, C. L. Williams, Bruce R. Dawson, O. Krömer, O. Wainberg, F. Sarazin, S. van Velzen, S. Petrera, J. Maller, Jaime Rosado, R. Cester, M. E. Bertaina, W. C. Brown, P.O. Mazur, K. Weidenhaupt, I. Al Samarai, Sasa Micanovic, B. D. Fox, G. Parente, Marc Weber, Alan Watson, Marco Giammarchi, J. Alvarez Castillo, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. De Mitri, A. Gascon Bravo, D. Garcia-Gamez, I. C. Mariş, Hernan Wahlberg, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, Hernán Asorey, K. Link, J. Pȩkala, V. Marin, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, D. Rogozin, J. de Oliveira, Alejandro Almela, Johannes Schulz, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, R. R. Prado, D. Torres Machado, Miroslav Hrabovský, A. Haungs, A. Parra, R. J. Lauer, D. Garcia-Pinto, Yingchun Zhu, J. L. Harton, P. Ristori, Paula Gina Isar, Pedro Brogueira, F. Salesa Greus, S. G. Blaess, M. Zimbres Silva, P. Mantsch, Z. Szadkowski, J. Stapleton, A. Di Matteo, B. Wundheiler, B. Caccianiga, I. Allekotte, L. Caramete, Gregory R Snow, P. H. Kasper, G. S. Varner, T. Rossler, A. Bridgeman, L. Niemietz, N. Pacheco, S. J. Saffi, S. Grebe, Tim Niggemann, Markus Lauscher, J. Phuntsok, Raul Sarmento, R. Squartini, T. Paul, H. J. Mathes, G. Medina-Tanco, G. van Aar, C. J. Todero Peixoto, J. Rodriguez Rojo, N. Krohm, B. Sarkar, Christian Glaser, A. G. Chavez, F.G. Schröder, J. Espadanal, H. Wilczyński, Enrique Zas, C. Di Giulio, Fernando Contreras, A. Aab, A. Dorofeev, G. Yuan, Igor Katkov, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, L. Villaseñor, L. Martin, Marco Cilmo, C. Porowski, Denise Boncioli, German Ros, S. Jansen, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Pierre Auger, ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), European Project: 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET(2011), Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. . J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. . F. . M., Allekotte, I., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Aranda, V. . M., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. . M., Barber, K. . B., Bäuml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. . J., Becker, K. . H., Bellido, J. . A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. . E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. . L., Billoir, P., Blaess, S. . G., Blanco, A., Blanco, M., Bleve, Carla, Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. . C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. . S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. . G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. . A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. . W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, MARIA RITA, Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. . J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. . E., Cronin, J., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. . R., de Almeida, R. . M., de Jong, S. . J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. . R. . T., DE MITRI, Ivan, de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. . C., Díaz Castro, M. . L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D’Olivo, J. . C., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Dova, M. . T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. . O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. . C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. . P., Fernandes, M., Fick, B., Figueira, J. . M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fox, B. . D., Fratu, O., Freire, M. . M., Fuchs, B., Fujii, T., García, B., Garcia Pinto, D., Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel Lascu, A., Ghia, P. . L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. . F., González, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. . F., Grubb, T. . D., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. . P., Hampel, M. . R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. . A., Hartmann, S., Harton, J. . L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. . E., Hill, G. . C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. . R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. . G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Johnsen, J. . A., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. . H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. . M., Klages, H. . O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kuempel, D., Kunka, N., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui de Oliveira, M. . A., Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Louedec, K., Lu, L., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Maldera, S., Mallamaci, M., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. . G., Marin, V., Mariş, I. . C., Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martin, L., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masías Meza, J. . J., Mathes, H. . J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. . A. . J., Matthiae, G., Maurel, D., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. . O., Medina, C., Medina Tanco, G., Meissner, R., Mello, V. . B. . B., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Meyhandan, R., Micheletti, M. . I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. . A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. . A., Muller, M. . A., Müller, G., Müller, S., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J. . L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. . H., Niculescu Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. . M., Perrone, Lorenzo, Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrov, Y., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. . R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Purrello, V., Quel, E. . J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez Frías, M. . D., Rogozin, D., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. . C., Saffi, S. . J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santos, E., Santos, E. . M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Scarso, C., Schauer, M., Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. . G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. . J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. . C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. . R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. . N., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. . D., Sutherland, M. . S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taborda, O. . A., Tapia, A., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. . M., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. . J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. . F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Aar, G., van Bodegom, P., van den Berg, A. . M., van Velzen, S., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vasquez, R., Vázquez, J. . R., Vázquez, R. . A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. . A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yang, L., Yapici, T., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zhu, Y., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Valore, Laura, Guarino, Fausto, Colalillo, Roberta, Mario, Buscemi, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics
Subjects: Astrofísica, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Declination, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, astroparticle physics, cosmic rays, Cosmic rays, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Zenith, Ciencias Exactas, astroparticle physics, cosmic rays, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ASTROFÍSICA, Astroparticle physics, Azimuth, Space and Planetary Science, Experimental High Energy Physics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Right ascension, physics
Abstract: We present the results of an analysis of the large angular scale distribution of the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energy above 4 EeV detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory including for the first time events with zenith angle between $60^\circ$ and $80^\circ$. We perform two Rayleigh analyses, one in the right ascension and one in the azimuth angle distributions, that are sensitive to modulations in right ascension and declination, respectively. The largest departure from isotropy appears in the $E > 8$ EeV energy bin, with an amplitude for the first harmonic in right ascension $r_1^\alpha =(4.4 \pm 1.0){\times}10^{-2}$, that has a chance probability $P(\ge r_1^\alpha)=6.4{\times}10^{-5}$, reinforcing the hint previously reported with vertical events alone., Comment: Text matching the published version, figure 3 corrected
Published: 2015
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281. Der Dreiklang aus Governance, Risk und Compliance – GRC bei Leasinggesellschaften

Author: Christian Glaser
Subjects: General Medicine
Published: 2015
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282. Muons in air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, D. Maurizio, Johannes Schumacher, F. Salamida, Lorenzo Caccianiga, V. M. Theodoro, Y. Guardincerri, B. Tome, G. Müller, A. J. Matthews, R. Mussa, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, A. Śmiałkowski, Markus Roth, C. Morello, Fausto Guarino, Matthias Kleifges, David Wittkowski, Germano Guedes, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, Peter L. Biermann, Dusan Mandat, A. van Vliet, Eric Mayotte, Paolo Privitera, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, W. Docters, Yogendra N. Srivastava, M. I. Micheletti, E. Varela, N. Griffith, S. Grebe, M. Zavrtanik, Markus Risse, B. Wilczynska, R. Squartini, John L. Harton, Fred Sarazin, Lukas Nellen, T. Paul, Arnulfo Zepeda, R. Meyhandan, P. Abreu, Antonio Insolia, G. Torralba Elipe, F. Sánchez, Sergio Sciutto, L. Ochilo, D. Ravignani, G. Cocciolo, Eva Santos, R. Krause, Federico Suarez, B. Zamorano, Iván Sidelnik, Luis A. Anchordoqui, I. Al Samarai, Sasa Micanovic, Gaetano Salina, Rúben Conceição, L. Valore, Amin Aminaei, E.M. Holt, J. J. Beatty, Norbert Kunka, S. Messina, Azadeh Keivani, Ricardo Vázquez, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Maria Giller, A. Saleh, Maria-Teresa Dova, D. Nitz, Silvia Mollerach, B. Vlcek, H. Dembinski, G. Matthiae, M. Tartare, Darko Veberič, I. Zaw, M. Platino, M. Monasor, C. Aramo, J. W. Cronin, G. van Aar, Moritz Münchmeyer, R. Alves Batista, M. Ambrosio, G. C. Hill, Q. Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Tobias Winchen, P. Lebrun, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, Ralph Engel, V. Marin, Valerio Pirronello, L. Perrone, Sarka Wykes, Marco Giammarchi, J. Vicha, S. Quinn, A. Segreto, M. Ludwig, S. Hartmann, Jing Zhou, Julien Aublin, F. Werner, Jan Ridky, A. Stutz, P. Allison, V. Scherini, Martin Erdmann, G. Toma, Nataliia Borodai, E. J. Ahn, Paul Sommers, D. Martello, M. Blanco, R. Bonino, Michael Unger, S. Jansen, P. Gouffon, François Montanet, S. van Velzen, K. H. Becker, A. G. Mariazzi, K. Islo, Radomir Smida, Beatriz García, Octavian Fratu, D. Torres Machado, D. Melo, Roger W Clay, M. J. Cooper, A. Gorgi, Miroslav Palatka, S. J. De Jong, N. Krohm, Jose Chinellato, P. Lautridou, S. Navas, Johannes Schulz, M. Melissas, M. Will, B. Sarkar, Christian Glaser, M. Pimenta, Carlos Medina, M. De Domenico, Joshua A. Gordon, M. Avenier, A. Curutiu, A. Widom, Daniel Kuempel, M. Ave, Carlos Escobar, A. Filipčič, A. C. Rovero, Paula Gina Isar, C. Bleve, Pedro Brogueira, F. Salesa Greus, G. Cataldi, J. Espadanal, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. De Mitri, A. Gascon Bravo, Dieter Heck, Martin Urban, V. de Souza, N. Palmieri, Ugo Giaccari, M. Zimbres Silva, A. Cordier, S. Maldera, P. W. Younk, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, C. J. Todero Peixoto, R. López, E. Trovato, J. Stapleton, Marc Weber, P. Billoir, Tanguy Pierog, M. E. Bertaina, Jörg R. Hörandel, G. Garilli, Lorenzo Cazon, Vincenzo Rizi, A. Menshikov, B. Gookin, S. T. Garcia Roca, Toshihiro Fujii, R. Sato, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, M. Ziolkowski, L. del Peral, O. Ravel, O. Martínez Bravo, E. M. Santos, K. Louedec, Mariangela Settimo, A. Shadkam, M. Buscemi, Maria Rita Coluccia, Alexey Yushkov, Bruno Daniel, K. Weidenhaupt, Bruce R. Dawson, N. Scharf, Antonio Bueno, M. Josebachuili, V. Purrello, P. Heimann, Tim Huege, H. Blümer, Max Malacari, Carlos Hojvat, D. Nosek, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Yapici, D. Newton, Ernesto Kemp, Esteban Roulet, Piotr Homola, Lukas Middendorf, Jan Ebr, Serguei Vorobiov, Sergio Petrera, Christine Peters, J. J. Masías Meza, P. Facal San Luis, D. Maurel, H. Schoorlemmer, Gualberto Avila, Gustavo Medina-Tanco, Nicolás González, Ingomar Allekotte, S. Le Coz, D. Monnier Ragaigne, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, T. Rossler, Piera Luisa Ghia, Guenter Sigl, Thomas Hebbeker, C. L. Williams, Angela V. Olinto, O. Krömer, O. A. Taborda, Sergio Dasso, Balázs Kégl, C. Di Giulio, S. J. Saffi, H. Martinez, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, A. P. Ferguson, Hernán Asorey, Corinne Berat, C. E. Santo, B. Revenu, U. Fröhlich, A. Tapia, C. Jarne, J. de Oliveira, J. R. Vázquez, Henryk Wilczyński, Hermann-Josef Mathes, Antoine Letessier-Selvon, van den Ad M Berg, Luca Latronico, Alejandro Almela, P. Sanchez-Lucas, D. Harari, M. Oliveira, Markus Lauscher, Kai Daumiller, J. Phuntsok, M. Videla, V. M. Aranda, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Raul Sarmento, A. Aab, F. Gate, L. Caramete, H. Gemmeke, L. Tomankova, M. Mallamaci, G. Navarra, C. A. Moura, T. Yamamoto, Brian Fick, Samo Stanič, J. Lozano Bahilo, John Swain, Philipp Papenbreer, J. S. Díaz, D. Garcia-Pinto, Petr Travnicek, Alan Coleman, Trent D. Grubb, D. Huber, Petr Schovanek, Carla Bonifazi, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, Jose A. Bellido, M. Prouza, G. Yuan, Corbin Covault, Y. Petrov, Matías Rolf Hampel, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Bianca Keilhauer, A. G. Chavez, Pedro Assis, S. Riggi, Jaime Rosado, Alina Mihaela Badescu, F.G. Schröder, Enrique Zas, I. M. Pepe, Alexander Grillo, J. Stasielak, R. Cester, S. Coutu, Norberto Fazzini, Lino Miramonti, Fernando Contreras, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, M. A. Muller, Peter Schiffer, Paulo J. S. Gonçalves, D. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Garcia-Gamez, Alberto Etchegoyen, I. C. Mariş, J. Allen, Hernan Wahlberg, C. Porowski, Alexandra Saftoiu, A. Dorofeev, I. Jandt, A. Tepe, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Octavian Sima, J. G. Gonzalez, Ralf Ulrich, Igor Katkov, R. R. Prado, Denise Boncioli, German Ros, A. Di Matteo, Paul M. Mantsch, B. Wundheiler, A. Parra, L. Villaseñor, Miguel Mostafá, Marcus Niechciol, Anderson Fauth, Gregory R Snow, P. H. Kasper, L. Martin, M. S. A. B. Leão, D. Lebrun, R. J. Lauer, L. Nožka, G. Parente, R. Piegaia, Marco Cilmo, P. Ristori, Alex Kääpä, Peter Mazur, S. Querchfeld, Colin Baus, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, L. Niemietz, N. Pacheco, J. Roberts, Tim Niggemann, Yingchun Zhu, H. Schieler, M. Fernandes, B. Caccianiga, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, B. Vargas Cárdenas, R. M. Kieckhafer, J. Rautenberg, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, G. S. Varner, O. Wainberg, E. J. Quel, Béatrice Fuchs, Niraj Dhital, W. C. Brown, I. Valiño, J. Neuser, M. Candusso, Peter Gorham, Charles Timmermans, L. Collica, Jiri Chudoba, Thomas Harrison, Richard Dallier, A. Nelles, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Lu Lu, P. Pieroni, I. A. Minaya, André Schulz, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, Martina Bohacova, Jan Pękala, Hans Klages, A. Chiavassa, A. E. Herve, K. B. Barber, L. R. Wiencke, J. Sorokin, A. Porcelli, B. D. Fox, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, Francesca Zuccarello, Maurice Stephan, A. Tonachini, P.F. Gómez Vitale, J. Maller, G. Marsella, A. Weindl, N. Hollon, V. Verzi, V. Novotny, J. Bäuml, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, S. Mathys, M. Erfani, E. Petermann, Miroslav Pech, Pavel Horvath, M. S. Sutherland, Danilo Zavrtanik, Sofia Andringa, K. Link, D. Martraire, Miroslav Hrabovský, A. Haungs, O. Kambeitz, F. Diogo, R. M. de Almeida, Zbigniew Szadkowski, Rodrigo Pelayo, Stijn Buitink, Alberto Filevich, Peter Hansen, R. Gaior, Peter Buchholz, M. Szuba, I.M. Brancus, Carola Dobrigkeit, H. Glass, M. Plum, Marco Aglietta, Alan Watson, Jonny Kleinfeller, J. Alvarez Castillo, L. Molina-Bueno, David Walz, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie ( LPSC ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay ( USN ), Observatoire de Paris-Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes ( SUBATECH ), Mines Nantes ( Mines Nantes ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), Pierre AUGER, ANR-10-LABX-63,ANR-10-LABX-63, European Project : 328826,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF,AUGER2FUTURE ( 2013 ), European Project : 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET ( 2011 ), UNIVERSIDADE DE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), ANR-10-LABX-0063,ILP,Institute Lagrange of Paris(2010), European Project: 328826,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF,AUGER2FUTURE(2013), European Project: 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET(2011), Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Ahn E. J., Al Samarai I., Albuquerque I. F. M., Allekotte I., Allison P., Almela A., Alvarez Castillo J., Alvarez-Muñiz J., Alves Batista R., Ambrosio M., Aminaei A., Anchordoqui L., Andringa S., Aramo C., Aranda V. M., Arqueros F., Arsene N., Asorey H., Assis P., Aublin J., Ave M., Avenier M., Avila G., Awal N., Badescu A. M., Barber K. B., Bäuml J., Baus C., Beatty J. J., Becker K. H., Bellido J. A., Berat C., Bertaina M. E., Bertou X., Biermann P. L., Billoir P., Blaess S. G., Blanco A., Blanco M., Bleve C., Blümer H., Boháčová M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Borodai N., Brack J., Brancus I., Bridgeman A., Brogueira P., Brown W. C., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K. S., Caccianiga B., Caccianiga L., Candusso M., Caramete L., Caruso R., Castellina A., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cester R., Chavez A. G., Chiavassa A., Chinellato J. A., Chudoba J., Cilmo M., Clay R. W., Cocciolo G., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Collica L., Coluccia M. R., Conceição R., Contreras F., Cooper M. J., Cordier A., Coutu S., Covault C. E., Cronin J., Dallier R., Daniel B., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B. R., de Almeida R. M., de Jong S. J., De Mauro G., de Mello Neto J. R. T., De Mitri I., de Oliveira J., de Souza V., del Peral L., Deligny O., Dembinski H., Dhital N., Di Giulio C., Di Matteo A., Diaz J. C., Díaz Castro M. L., Diogo F., Dobrigkeit C., Docters W., D’Olivo J. C., Dorofeev A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh Q., Dova M. T., Ebr J., Engel R., Erdmann M., Erfani M., Escobar C. O., Espadanal J., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Fang K., Farrar G., Fauth A. C., Fazzini N., Ferguson A. P., Fernandes M., Fick B., Figueira J. M., Filevich A., Filipčič A., Fox B. D., Fratu O., Freire M. M., Fuchs B., Fujii T., García B., Garcia-Pinto D., Gate F., Gemmeke H., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P. L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Głas D., Glaser C., Glass H., Golup G., Gómez Berisso M., Gómez Vitale P. F., González N., Gookin B., Gordon J., Gorgi A., Gorham P., Gouffon P., Griffith N., Grillo A. F., Grubb T. D., Guardincerri Y., Guarino F., Guedes G. P., Hampel M. R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harrison T. A., Hartmann S., Harton J. L., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Heimann P., Herve A. E., Hill G. C., Hojvat C., Hollon N., Holt E., Homola P., Hörandel J. R., Horvath P., Hrabovský M., Huber D., Huege T., Insolia A., Isar P. G., Jandt I., Jansen S., Jarne C., Johnsen J. A., Josebachuili M., Kääpä A., Kambeitz O., Kampert K. H., Kasper P., Katkov I., Kégl B., Keilhauer B., Keivani A., Kemp E., Kieckhafer R. M., Klages H. O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Krause R., Krohm N., Krömer O., Kuempel D., Kunka N., LaHurd D., Latronico L., Lauer R., Lauscher M., Lautridou P., Le Coz S., Lebrun D., Lebrun P., Leigui de Oliveira M. A., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Link K., Lopes L., López R., López Casado A., Louedec K., Lu L., Lucero A., Malacari M., Maldera S., Mallamaci M., Maller J., Mandat D., Mantsch P., Mariazzi A. G., Marin V., Mariş I. C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martin L., Martinez H., Martínez Bravo O., Martraire D., Masías Meza J. J., Mathes H. J., Mathys S., Matthews J., Matthews J. A. J., Matthiae G., Maurel D., Maurizio D., Mayotte E., Mazur P. O., Medina C., Medina-Tanco G., Meissner R., Mello V. B. B., Melo D., Menshikov A., Messina S., Meyhandan R., Micheletti M. I., Middendorf L., Minaya I. A., Miramonti L., Mitrica B., Molina-Bueno L., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafá M., Moura C. A., Muller M. A., Müller G., Müller S., Mussa R., Navarra G., Navarro J. L., Navas S., Necesal P., Nellen L., Nelles A., Neuser J., Nguyen P. H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Niemietz L., Niggemann T., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Nožka L., Ochilo L., Oikonomou F., Olinto A., Pacheco N., Pakk Selmi-Dei D., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Paul T., Pech M., Pȩkala J., Pelayo R., Pepe I. M., Perrone L., Petermann E., Peters C., Petrera S., Petrov Y., Phuntsok J., Piegaia R., Pierog T., Pieroni P., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Plum M., Porcelli A., Porowski C., Prado R. R., Privitera P., Prouza M., Purrello V., Quel E. J., Querchfeld S., Quinn S., Rautenberg J., Ravel O., Ravignani D., Revenu B., Ridky J., Riggi S., Risse M., Ristori P., Rizi V., Rodrigues de Carvalho W., Rodriguez Fernandez G., Rodriguez Rojo J., Rodríguez-Frías M. D., Rogozin D., Rosado J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A. C., Saffi S. J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Saleh A., Salesa Greus F., Salina G., Sánchez F., Sanchez-Lucas P., Santos E., Santos E. M., Sarazin F., Sarkar B., Sarmento R., Sato R., Scarso C., Schauer M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schiffer P., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schoorlemmer H., Schovánek P., Schröder F. G., Schulz A., Schulz J., Schumacher J., Sciutto S. J., Segreto A., Settimo M., Shadkam A., Shellard R. C., Sidelnik I., Sigl G., Sima O., Śmiałkowski A., Šmída R., Snow G. R., Sommers P., Sorokin J., Squartini R., Srivastava Y. N., Stanca D., Stanič S., Stapleton J., Stasielak J., Stephan M., Stutz A., Suarez F., Suomijärvi T., Supanitsky A. D., Sutherland M. S., Swain J., Szadkowski Z., Taborda O. A., Tapia A., Tepe A., Theodoro V. M., Tiffenberg J., Timmermans C., Todero Peixoto C. J., Toma G., Tomankova L., Tomé B., Tonachini A., Torralba Elipe G., Torres Machado D., Travnicek P., Ulrich R., Unger M., Urban M., Valdés Galicia J. F., Valiño I., Valore L., van Aar G., van Bodegom P., van den Berg A. M., van Velzen S., van Vliet A., Varela E., Vargas Cárdenas B., Varner G., Vasquez R., Vázquez J. R., Vázquez R. A., Veberič D., Verzi V., Vicha J., Videla M., Villaseñor L., Vlcek B., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Wainberg O., Walz D., Watson A. A., Weber M., Weidenhaupt K., Weindl A., Werner F., Widom A., Wiencke L., Wilczyński H., Winchen T., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Wykes S., Yang L., Yapici T., Yushkov A., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zepeda A., Zhu Y., Zimmermann B., Ziolkowski M., Zuccarello F., Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. . J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. . F. . M., Allekotte, I., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Aranda, V. . M., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. . M., Barber, K. . B., Bäuml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. . J., Becker, K. . H., Bellido, J. . A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. . E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. . L., Billoir, P., Blaess, S. . G., Blanco, A., Blanco, M., Bleve, Carla, Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. . C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. . S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. . G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. . A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. . W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, MARIA RITA, Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. . J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. . E., Cronin, J., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. . R., de Almeida, R. . M., de Jong, S. . J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. . R. . T., DE MITRI, Ivan, de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. . C., Díaz Castro, M. . L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D’Olivo, J. . C., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Dova, M. . T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. . O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. . C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. . P., Fernandes, M., Fick, B., Figueira, J. . M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fox, B. . D., Fratu, O., Freire, M. . M., Fuchs, B., Fujii, T., García, B., Garcia Pinto, D., Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel Lascu, A., Ghia, P. . L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. . F., González, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. . F., Grubb, T. . D., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. . P., Hampel, M. . R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. . A., Hartmann, S., Harton, J. . L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. . E., Hill, G. . C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. . R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. . G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Johnsen, J. . A., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. . H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. . M., Klages, H. . O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kuempel, D., Kunka, N., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui de Oliveira, M. . A., Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Louedec, K., Lu, L., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Maldera, S., Mallamaci, M., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. . G., Marin, V., Mariş, I. . C., Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martin, L., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masías Meza, J. . J., Mathes, H. . J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. . A. . J., Matthiae, G., Maurel, D., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. . O., Medina, C., Medina Tanco, G., Meissner, R., Mello, V. . B. . B., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Meyhandan, R., Micheletti, M. . I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. . A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. . A., Muller, M. . A., Müller, G., Müller, S., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J. . L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. . H., Niculescu Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. . M., Perrone, Lorenzo, Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrov, Y., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. . R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Purrello, V., Quel, E. . J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez Frías, M. . D., Rogozin, D., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. . C., Saffi, S. . J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santos, E., Santos, E. . M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Scarso, C., Schauer, M., Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. . G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. . J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. . C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. . R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. . N., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. . D., Sutherland, M. . S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taborda, O. . A., Tapia, A., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. . M., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. . J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. . F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Aar, G., van Bodegom, P., van den Berg, A. . M., van Velzen, S., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vasquez, R., Vázquez, J. . R., Vázquez, R. . A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. . A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yang, L., Yapici, T., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zhu, Y., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), M., Ambrosio, Aramo, Carla, Buscemi, Mario, Cilmo, Marco, Colalillo, Roberta, Guarino, Fausto, Valore, Laura, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, and Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmic-ray interactions, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, extensive atmospherical showers, muon density, muon number, Pierre Auger Observatory, cosmic radiation UHE, Hadronic interaction models, 7. Clean energy, Auger, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Nuclear physics, Altitude, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Observatory, NERGY COSMIC-RAYS, DETECTOR, MODEL, Extensive air showers, cosmic radiation UHE, DETECTOR, Scaling, Cosmic rays, Zenith, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, Muon, NERGY COSMIC-RAYS, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, energy cosmic-rays, detector, model, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Física, [ PHYS.ASTR.HE ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], ASTROFÍSICA, extensive atmospherical showers, muon number, MODEL, muon density, Experimental High Energy Physics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the first hybrid measurement of the average muon number in air showers at ultrahigh energies, initiated by cosmic rays with zenith angles between 62° and 80°. The measurement is based on 174 hybrid events recorded simultaneously with the surface detector array and the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The muon number for each shower is derived by scaling a simulated reference profile of the lateral muon density distribution at the ground until it fits the data. A 1019eV shower with a zenith angle of 67°, which arrives at the surface detector array at an altitude of 1450 m above sea level, contains on average (2.68±0.04±0.48(sys))×107 muons with energies larger than 0.3 GeV. The logarithmic gain dlnNμ/dlnE of muons with increasing energy between 4×1018eV and 5×1019eV is measured to be (1.029±0.024±0.030(sys))., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo, Instituto de Física La Plata
Published: 2015
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283. Steuerung von Asset-Risiken im Leasinggeschäft

Author: Christian Glaser
Abstract: Die Steuerung von Asset-Risiken im Leasinggeschaft stellt eine der zentralen, haufig sogar die zentrale Herausforderung in der Risikosteuerung einer Autobank im Allgemeinen und einer Leasinggesellschaft im Speziellen dar. So bildet die Einschatzung von Objektrisiken bereits im Zeitpunkt der Kreditentscheidung einen wesentlichen Bestandteil der Risikobeurteilung und stellt nicht selten ein K.O.-Kriterium aufgrund eines unangemessenen Chancen-Risiken-Verhaltnisses im Sinne der Risikostrategie des Instituts dar. Leasinggesellschaften und Autobanken haben sich insbesondere auch im Vergleich zu Universal-Kreditinstituten uber die Jahre hinweg den Status von Objektspezialisten erarbeitet, sodass die aktive Steuerung von Asset-Risiken auch vielfach bereits implizit im Geschaftsmodell verankert ist.
Published: 2015
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284. Improved limit to the diffuse flux of ultrahigh energy neutrinos from the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: J. J. Masías Meza, S. Messina, D. Maurel, S. Müller, Nicusor Arsene, A. Tapia, H. Gemmeke, C. Aramo, J. Kleinfeller, Johannes Schulz, A. Gorgi, M. Pimenta, Kai Daumiller, A. ͆miałkowski, Q. Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Paul Sommers, A. Blanco, P. Gouffon, M. J. Cooper, F. Sánchez, Carlos Medina, Yogendra N. Srivastava, M. I. Micheletti, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, B. Revenu, Benedikt Zimmermann, Rúben Conceição, R. Vasquez, Maria Rita Coluccia, K. Link, J. Stapleton, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, T. Huege, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, J. Vicha, A. Cordier, S. Maldera, D. Nitz, J. R. Vázquez, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Yingchun Zhu, P. Sanchez-Lucas, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, Miroslav Hrabovský, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, A. Haungs, J. L. Harton, S. G. Blaess, Azadeh Keivani, A. Aab, L. Caramete, Alex Kääpä, D. Torres Machado, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Richard Dallier, A. Nelles, D. Harari, F. Gate, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Miguel Mostafa, Lorenzo Caccianiga, V. M. Theodoro, M. E. Bertaina, B. García, A. Menshikov, Colin Baus, Tobias Winchen, P. Lebrun, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, J. W. Cronin, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Marcio Aparecido Muller, P. Mantsch, L. Tomankova, Thomas Harrison, M. Zavrtanik, G. Navarra, A. López Casado, Brian Fick, Samo Stanič, Z. Szadkowski, G. C. Hill, Ralph Engel, J. Ridky, G. S. Varner, H. Schieler, Julien Aublin, F. Werner, P. van Bodegom, M. Fernandes, G. Toma, Nataliia Borodai, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Y. Guardincerri, P. Pieroni, V. M. Aranda, Alina Mihaela Badescu, S. Hartmann, Martin Erdmann, Michael Unger, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Stutz, A. van Vliet, Lu Lu, Luca Latronico, Eric Mayotte, Paula Gina Isar, Antonella Castellina, Petr Schovanek, J. F. Valdés Galicia, Pedro Brogueira, F. Salesa Greus, I. De Mitri, I. A. Minaya, B. Keilhauer, G. Cataldi, Dieter Heck, G. Golup, P. Heimann, M. Gómez Berisso, F. Arqueros, N. Kunka, B. Tome, P. Necesal, A. Porcelli, G. Müller, S. J. De Jong, M. Prouza, André Schulz, R. C. Shellard, W. Docters, Martina Bohacova, P. E. Ghia, M. Ambrosio, M. Avenier, Patrick Allison, Roger W Clay, G. Matthiae, A. C. Fauth, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, A.M. van den Berg, Peter Hansen, Darko Veberič, F. Guarino, John Matthews, E. Kemp, Serguei Vorobiov, G. Cocciolo, Corbin Covault, B. Vlcek, Dariusz Glas, Y. Petrov, Matías Rolf Hampel, Carola Dobrigkeit, Ugo Giaccari, M. Plum, J. Sorokin, Alexander Grillo, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, Peter Schiffer, V. Scherini, Denis Stanca, K. Louedec, Mariangela Settimo, Jose Chinellato, Fred Sarazin, Alexey Yushkov, P. Lautridou, Peter Buchholz, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Lino Miramonti, A. Widom, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, A. Zepeda, F. Suarez, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, Alexandra Saftoiu, V. Purrello, H. Blümer, Antonio Bueno, Markus Risse, O. A. Taborda, B. D. Fox, Alan Watson, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, I.M. Brancus, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, Pedro Assis, Francesca Zuccarello, Martín Miguel Freire, L. Molina-Bueno, D. Melo, H. Glass, A. Etchegoyen, J. Alvarez Castillo, Jan Pękala, A. Chiavassa, H. Martinez, A. Letessier-Selvon, Max Malacari, Lili Yang, David Walz, Piotr Homola, A. E. Herve, K. B. Barber, M. Platino, Guenter Sigl, F. Diogo, Javier Tiffenberg, Marco Aglietta, Lukas Middendorf, Iuri Muniz Pepe, L. R. Wiencke, C. Porowski, I. Jandt, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, J. D. Swain, A. Dorofeev, Lorenzo Cazon, R. M. de Almeida, M. Josebachuili, Dusan Mandat, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, C. Jarne, Christine Peters, A. Tepe, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Ralf Ulrich, Maurice Stephan, M. Blanco, Gualberto Avila, S. Le Coz, R. Sato, Lourenco Lopes, Denise Boncioli, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, L. del Peral, M. Buscemi, Igor Katkov, Ingomar Allekotte, M. Mallamaci, O. Ravel, E. Petermann, O. Krömer, David Wittkowski, Balázs Kégl, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, Jaime Rosado, Miroslav Pech, S. Jansen, G. Salina, A. Tonachini, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, Rodrigo Pelayo, Marcus Niechciol, G. Parente, Stijn Buitink, Hernán Asorey, N. Awal, Angela V. Olinto, C. Di Giulio, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, D. Martraire, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, S. Navas, R. Cester, L. Villaseñor, P.F. Gómez Vitale, D. Maurizio, J. L. Navarro, Joshua A. Gordon, R. A. Vázquez, C. Scarso, Pavel Horvath, Philipp Papenbreer, Iván Sidelnik, M. S. Sutherland, L. Martin, J. S. Díaz, Petr Travnicek, A. Filipčič, L. Nožka, E.M. Holt, M. Urban, D. Nosek, S. Querchfeld, R. Piegaia, A. C. Rovero, Alan Coleman, Marco Cilmo, R. Meyhandan, V. Novotny, J. Bäuml, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, C. Bleve, C. E. Moura, Trent D. Grubb, D. Huber, D. Rogozin, J. de Oliveira, A. Saleh, L. Niemietz, Alejandro Almela, J. Maller, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, Maria-Teresa Dova, H. J. Mathes, Juan Manuel Figueira, N. Pacheco, Valerio Pirronello, Roberta Colalillo, A. G. Mariazzi, B. Vargas Cárdenas, Sofia Andringa, Tim Niggemann, G. Marsella, Vincenzo Rizi, B. Gookin, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, P. H. Nguyen, A. Weindl, A. P. Ferguson, R. Alves Batista, S. Mathys, M. Erfani, D. Martello, Markus Roth, E. J. Quel, C. J. Todero Peixoto, E. M. Santos, M. Ziolkowski, Silvia Mollerach, N. Hollon, O. Martínez Bravo, Sarka Wykes, V. Verzi, O. Kambeitz, Bruce R. Dawson, Béatrice Fuchs, P.O. Mazur, Octavian Sima, David Schmidt, R. Meissner, S. Riggi, Niraj Dhital, I. Valiño, J. Rodriguez Rojo, D. Garcia-Pinto, N. Krohm, Octavian Fratu, A. Filevich, Eun-Joo Ahn, Johannes Schumacher, B. Sarkar, Christian Glaser, A. G. Chavez, D. Lebrun, M. Schauer, F.G. Schröder, Enrique Zas, J. Neuser, J. Espadanal, M. Palatka, V. B. B. Mello, H. Wilczyński, P. Billoir, François Montanet, Fernando Contreras, S. van Velzen, K. H. Becker, F. Salamida, R. Squartini, T. Paul, I. C. Mariş, Hernan Wahlberg, L. Nellen, M. Candusso, A. Bridgeman, G. Medina-Tanco, C. Morello, S. J. Saffi, Peter Gorham, G. van Aar, Charles Timmermans, R. R. Prado, L. Collica, A. Parra, H. E. Klages, A. Di Matteo, Markus Lauscher, Nicolas Martin Gonzalez, Peter L. Biermann, J. Phuntsok, Raul Sarmento, B. Wundheiler, Paolo Privitera, Gregory R Snow, R. J. Lauer, P. Ristori, P. H. Kasper, Harm Schoorlemmer, R. M. Kieckhafer, J. Rautenberg, O. Wainberg, W. C. Brown, B. Caccianiga, E. Varela, N. Griffith, Sergio Sciutto, L. Ochilo, G. De Mauro, Jörg R. Hörandel, M. Videla, I. Lhenry-Yvon, I. Al Samarai, Antonio Insolia, G. Torralba Elipe, Eva Santos, R. Krause, L. Valore, V. Marin, Amin Aminaei, G. P. Guedes, Toshihiro Fujii, Marco Giammarchi, A. Shadkam, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Esteban Roulet, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, S. Quinn, A. Segreto, Radomir Smida, M. Ave, V. de Souza, Bruno Daniel, T. Yapici, Foteini Oikonomou, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Astrophysics [Nijmegen], Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University [Nijmegen]-Radboud University [Nijmegen], Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Division Bajas Temperaturas (CAB-CNEA), Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica [ARGENTINA] (CNEA), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), The University of Sydney, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino (INFN, Sezione di Torino), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (INFN, Sezione di Bologna), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Dipartimento di Fı'sica Generale dell'Università, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division Applied Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics [Helwan] (NRIAG), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Palermo (IASF-Pa), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Department of Physics, University of Bucharest (UniBuc), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Laboratory for astroparticle physics (LAP-UNG), Laboratory for astroparticle physics, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Materials Science and Engineering [Korea], Myongji University, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Aranda, V. M., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. M., Barber, K. B., Bäuml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, Mario, Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, Marco, Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., De Almeida, R. M., De Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Souza, V., Del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. C., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fernandes, M., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fox, B. D., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fuchs, B., Fujii, T., García, B., Garcia Pinto, D., Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel Lascu, A., Ghia, P. 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A., Müller, G., Müller, S., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J. L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pekala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrov, Y., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Purrello, V., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Rogozin, D., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Scarso, C., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Sima, O., ͆miałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. M., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, Laura, Van Aar, G., Van Bodegom, P., Van Den Berg, A. M., Van Velzen, S., Van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vasquez, R., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yang, L., Yapici, T., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zhu, Y., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, UNIVERSIDADE DE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Ahn, E. . J., Albuquerque, I. . F. . M., Aranda, V. . M., Badescu, A. . M., Barber, K. . B., Beatty, J. . J., Becker, K. . H., Bellido, J. . A., Bertaina, M. . E., Biermann, P. . L., Blaess, S. . G., Bleve, Carla, Brown, W. . C., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. . S., Chavez, A. . G., Chinellato, J. . A., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. . W., Colalillo, R., Coluccia, MARIA RITA, Cooper, M. . J., Covault, C. . E., Dawson, B. . R., de Almeida, R. . M., de Jong, S. . J., de Mello Neto, J. . R. . T., DE MITRI, Ivan, de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., del Peral, L., Diaz, J. . C., Díaz Castro, M. . L., D’Olivo, J. . C., Dova, M. . T., Escobar, C. . O., Fauth, A. . C., Ferguson, A. . P., Figueira, J. . M., Fox, B. . D., Freire, M. . M., Ghia, P. . L., Gómez Vitale, P. . F., Grillo, A. . F., Grubb, T. . D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. . P., Hampel, M. . R., Harrison, T. . A., Harton, J. . L., Herve, A. . E., Hill, G. . C., Hörandel, J. . R., Isar, P. . G., Johnsen, J. . A., Kampert, K. . H., Kieckhafer, R. . M., Klages, H. . O., Leigui de Oliveira, M. . A., Mariazzi, A. . G., Mariş, I. . C., Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Masías Meza, J. . J., Mathes, H. . J., Matthews, J. . A. . J., Mazur, P. . O., Mello, V. . B. . B., Micheletti, M. . I., Minaya, I. . A., Moura, C. . A., Muller, M. . A., Navarro, J. . L., Nguyen, P. . H., Pȩkala, J., Pepe, I. . M., Perrone, Lorenzo, Prado, R. . R., Quel, E. . J., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodríguez Frías, M. . D., Rovero, A. . C., Saffi, S. . J., Santos, E. . M., Scherini, Viviana, Schröder, F. . G., Sciutto, S. . J., Shellard, R. . C., Śmiałkowski, A., Snow, G. . R., Srivastava, Y. . N., Supanitsky, A. . D., Sutherland, M. . S., Taborda, O. . A., Theodoro, V. . M., Todero Peixoto, C. . J., Valdés Galicia, J. . F., Valore, L., van Aar, G., van Bodegom, P., van den Berg, A. . M., van Velzen, S., van Vliet, A., Vázquez, J. . R., Vázquez, R. . A., Watson, A. . A., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Radboud university [Nijmegen]-Radboud university [Nijmegen], Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronics Systems (LIMMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Association des services de santé au travail de la Vienne (ASSTV), Immunologie et chimie thérapeutiques (ICT), Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Propriétés Optiques des Matériaux et Applications (POMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Colorado School of Mines, Radboud university [Nijmegen], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), A. A. Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, and California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Solar neutrino, OBSERVATORY, Ciencias Físicas, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos, high-energy showers, ground detector arrays, Pierre Auger Observatory, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], ENERGY, Neutrino, muon, pion, and other elementary particle detectors, cosmic ray detectors, HIGH, Cosmic-rays, DIFFUSE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Neutrino, muon, pion, and other elementary particles, cosmic rays, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, IMPROVED, Physique atomique et nucléaire, Cosmic neutrino background, NEUTRINOS, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Measurements of neutrino speed, Física nuclear, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, physics, AUGER, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, FLUX, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Neutrino muon pion and other elementary particles, LIMIT, Nuclear physics, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Spectrum, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, ULTRA, Cosmic rays, Zenith, Pierre Auger Observatory, PIERRE, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Array, Física, Detector, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], ASTROFÍSICA, Solar neutrino problem, Nuclei, Astronomía, Neutrino muon pion and other elementary particle detectors, Experimental High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Neutrinos in the cosmic ray flux with energies near 1 EeV and above are detectable with the Surface Detector array (SD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We report here on searches through Auger data from 1 January 2004 until 20 June 2013. No neutrino candidates were found, yielding a limit to the diffuse flux of ultrahigh energy neutrinos that challenges the Waxman-Bahcall bound predictions. Neutrino identification is attempted using the broad time structure of the signals expected in the SD stations, and is efficiently done for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for "Earth-skimming" neutrino interactions in the case of tau neutrinos. In this paper the searches for downward-going neutrinos in the zenith angle bins 60°-75°and 75°-90°as well as for upward-going neutrinos, are combined to give a single limit. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultrahigh energy neutrinos with an E⁻² spectrum in the energy range 1.0 × 10¹⁷ eV-2.5 × 10¹⁹ eV is E²νdNν/dEν < 6.4 × 10⁻⁹ GeVcm⁻² s⁻¹ sr⁻¹., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Física La Plata
Published: 2015
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285. VISPA : Direct Access and Execution of Data Analyses for Collaborations

Author: Daniel von Asseldonk, Marcel Rieger, Robert Fischer, Thorben Quast, Martin Erdmann, Martin Urban, Gero Müller, and Christian Glaser
Subjects: History, Focus (computing), business.industry, Web application framework, Computer science, computer.software_genre, Computer Science Applications, Education, World Wide Web, Software, Personal computer, ddc:530, Use case, business, computer
Abstract: 16th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics (ACAT 2014) : Prague, Czech Republic, 1 - 5 September 2014 International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research, ACAT, Prague, Czech Republic, 1 Sep 2014 - 5 Sep 2014; Bristol : IOP Publ., Journal of physics / Conference Series, 608, 012027, 6 S. (2015). doi:10.1088/1742-6596/608/1/012027, Published by IOP Publ., Bristol
Published: 2015
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286. The VISPA internet platform for outreach, education and scientific research in various experiments

Author: Robert Fischer, Christoph Welling, Martin Erdmann, Christian Glaser, Thorben Quast, D van Asseldonk, Benjamin Fischer, G. Müller, F Heidemann, Marcel Rieger, and M. Urban
Subjects: History, network [computer], Computer science, computer.software_genre, programming, Education, computer: network, World Wide Web, Software, Robustness (computer science), User group, ddc:530, activity report, computer: interface, File system, interface [computer], Multimedia, business.industry, Computer Science Applications, Outreach, Open data, monitoring, Personal computer, The Internet, data management, business, computer
Abstract: 21st International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 2015) : 13-17 April 2015, Okinawa, Japan / Hiroshi Sakamoto - conference chair 21st International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics, CHEP 2015, Okinawa, Japan, 13 Apr 2015 - 17 Apr 2015; [Bristol] : IOP Publishing, Journal of physics / Conference Series 664, 032031 pp. (2015). doi:10.1088/1742-6596/664/3/032031, Published by IOP Publishing, [Bristol]
Published: 2015
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287. The Pierre Auger cosmic ray observatory

Author: A. Haungs, F. Diogo, R. M. de Almeida, J. L. Harton, Harm Schoorlemmer, F. Arneodo, Stijn Buitink, S. Westerhoff, Z. Szadkowski, F. Salamida, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Plum, M. Chiosso, M. E. Bertaina, S. G. Blaes, Alan Watson, J. Alvarez Castillo, D. Nicotra, Paul Sommers, P. Gouffon, M. J. Cooper, Dragos Varnav, C. Aramo, Carlos Medina, M. De Domenico, M. Sutter, Maria Rita Coluccia, Bruno Daniel, Q. Dorosti Hasankiadeh, T. Yapici, Foteini Oikonomou, J. J. Masías Meza, D. Maurel, Luis Villaseñor, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, Yingchun Zhu, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, J. Vicha, G. Cocciolo, B. Genolini, Luis A. Anchordoqui, M. Ambrosio, G. S. Varner, H. Gemmeke, M. Monasor, M. Iarlori, C. E. Santo, L. Martina, Yogendra N. Srivastava, Andreas Kopmann, E. J. Ahn, V. Tunnicliffe, A. F. Barbosa, Dusan Mandat, Martina Bohacova, Patrick Allison, E. Varela, N. Griffith, J. Sorokin, M. Boratav, B. Revenua, T. Porter, G. Torralba Elipe, A. Gorgi, Peter Schiffer, Benedikt Zimmermann, Rúben Conceição, R. Vasquez, Pascal Lautridou, D. V. Camin, Luis N. Epele, M. Blanco, V. Scherini, Alexandra Saftoiu, O. Kambeitz, H. Martinez, A. Di Matteo, N. Martínez, N. Palmieri, B. Wundheiler, D. Nitz, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Eva Santos, R. Krause, Vincent Marin, P. Walker, Gregory R Snow, Jan Pękala, A. Chiavassa, A. Menshikov, R. Habraken, M. S. A. B. Leão, J. D. Swain, Philipp Papenbreer, Petr Travnicek, John Kelley, S. Mueller, R. Bilhaut, Alan Coleman, M. Roberts, L. Ochilo, Federico Suarez, L. Valore, Amin Aminaei, A. E. Herve, K. B. Barber, L. R. Wiencke, K. Weidenhaupt, C. O. Escobar, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, Trent D. Grubb, D. Huber, L. Nellen, Juan Manuel Figueira, A. Dorofeev, M. Melissas, Peter Mazur, Thomas Hebbeker, Joshua A. Gordon, R. A. Vázquez, A. Schmidt, Sergio Dasso, Denis Tcherniakhovski, Roberta Colalillo, John N. Matthews, R. M. Kieckhafer, A. G. Mariazzi, Igor Katkov, M. Muenchmeyer, V. Novotny, A. F. Grillo, G. P. Guedes, Rossella Caruso, Toshihiro Fujii, G. Sequeiros, J. Rautenberg, A. Lucero, J. R. Hoerandel, F. Sanchez, O. Wainberg, Stefano Argiro, S. Mathys, C. Morello, K. D. de Vries, Matthias Balzer, J. A.J. Matthews, F. Schreuder, F. Sarazin, W. Fulgione, W. C. Brown, Patricia María Hansen, Richard Dallier, A. Nelles, M. Erfani, L. Molina-Bueno, D. Melo, H. Verkooijen, T. Pierog, Marco Giammarchi, T. Ohnuki, David Walz, V. Pirronello, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. De Mitri, A. Gascon Bravo, Iuri Muniz Pepe, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Pedro Assis, A. Etchegoyen, Esteban Roulet, R. Randriatoamanana, C. Jarne, A. Stutz, P. L. Ghia, J. N. Albert, M. Horvat, Marco Cilmo, Arnulfo Zepeda, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, Lu Lu, R. Sato, Octavian Sima, J. G. Gonzalez, A. Tepe, Dariusz Gora, Peter L. Biermann, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, Manuel Platino, J. Grygar, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, F. Schroeder, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, F. Werner, J. Knapp, J. R. Vázquez, D. Garcia-Gamez, S. Quinn, D. PakkSelmi-Dei, G. Matthiae, T. Rossler, A. Bridgeman, Antonio Bueno, A. Segreto, Günter Sigl, Silvia Mollerach, J. Coppens, Markus Roth, H. Dembinski, H. Vorenholt, I. A. Minaya, B. Keilhauer, E. Petermann, S. J. Saffi, T. Wijnen, P. Sanchez-Lucas, G. Garilli, D. Maurizio, D. Garcia-Pinto, M. Risse, Paolo Privitera, H. Hucker, J. Allen, André Schulz, P. Kasper, S. J. Sciutto, Radomir Smida, Kai Daumiller, G. Mueller, D. Heck, R. Meyhandan, V. Purrello, M. Josebachuili, J. C. Diaz, Alberto Filevich, F. Guarino, Lorenzo Caccianiga, V. M. Theodoro, S. Colonges, B. D. Fox, Markus Lauscher, B. Zamorano, J. Pouryamout, A. Ferrero, Julien Aublin, A. Shadkam, F. Bracci, Florian Gaté, G. Parente, J. Phuntsok, Raul Sarmento, Carlos Hojvat, O. Kroemer, S. J. De Jong, Marcio Aparecido Muller, Peter Buchholz, M. M. Freire, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, T. N. Trung, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, V. de Souza, A. Curutiu, S. Sánchez Navas, T. Asch, H. J. Mathes, Jose Chinellato, Gualberto Avila, Ingomar Allekotte, A. van Vliet, M. Szuba, Eric Mayotte, I.M. Brancus, B. Tome, C. De Donato, Miguel Mostafa, B. Wilczynska, M. Candusso, Peter Gorham, N.R. Wild, Alina Mihaela Badescu, D. Rogozin, J. de Oliveira, A. Widom, M. Gómez Berisso, N. Kunka, R. C. Shellard, Alejandro Almela, W. Docters, M. Oliveira, L. Tomankova, G. Navarra, B. Vlcek, A. López Casado, C. A. Moura, T. Yamamoto, Brian Fick, Ugo Giaccari, Charles Timmermans, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, A. Letessier-Selvon, M. Prouza, A. Smialkowski, I. Al Samarai, L. Voyvodic, Sasa Micanovic, Angela V. Olinto, C. Di Giulio, Samo Stanič, H. M. Spinka, F. Montanet, M. Patel, L. Collica, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Marco Aglietta, Corbin Covault, Y. Petrov, C. D'Olivo, Lorenzo Cazon, P. Dolron, E. Tusi, A. G. Chavez, Enrique Zas, Lino Miramonti, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, Iván Sidelnik, E.M. Holt, Fernando Contreras, Johannes Schumacher, A. Saleh, S. Harmsma, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, S. Robbins, Michael Unger, S. Jansen, M. Fernandes, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, A. G. K. Smith, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. R. Hampel, R. Alves Batista, G. C. Hill, D. Torres Machado, Miroslav Pech, Colin Baus, Thomas Harrison, Ralph Engel, J. Ridky, N. Barenthien, Pavel Horvath, P. Pieroni, H. Schieler, Sarka Wykes, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, Heiko Geenen, C. Pryke, Jing Zhou, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, M. S. Sutherland, R. Meissner, B. Vargas Cárdenas, S. van Velzen, K. H. Becker, N. Guardone, L. Guglielmi, M. Videla, J. Pallotta, K. Louedec, David Wittkowski, M. Urban, A. C. Rovero, Paula Gina Isar, C. Bleve, E. J. Quel, Pedro Brogueira, F. Salesa Greus, T. Bergmann, G. Cataldi, A. Filipcic, Azadeh Keivani, Béatrice Fuchs, Niraj Dhital, Octavian Fratu, W. Gotink, I. Valiño, D. Lebrun, U. Froehlich, G. Salina, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, Nicolás González, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Sofia Andringa, J. W. Cronin, R. Speelman, P. van Bodegom, P. Lebrun, K. Gibbs, M. Palatka, A. Aab, E. Colombo, L. Caramete, M. I. Micheletti, Vincenzo Rizi, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, V. B. B. Mello, O. Martínez Bravo, J. Neuser, D. D'Urso, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, G. Toma, van den Ad M Berg, Luca Latronico, Nataliia Borodai, N. Scharf, P. Heimann, W. Tkaczyk, A. C. Fauth, Lukas Middendorf, H. Bolz, E. Trovato, Diego Harari, Christine Peters, A. Horneffer, P. Petrinca, Jose A. Bellido, B. Gookin, E. Kemp, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, Norberto Fazzini, Serguei Vorobiov, P. H. Nguyen, A. Tapia, E. M. Santos, Balázs Kégl, Jaime Rosado, Mariangela Settimo, Alexey Yushkov, Max Malacari, Bruce R. Dawson, Tim Huege, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, Piotr Homola, Hernán Asorey, S. Le Coz, R. Cester, P. Facal San Luis, C. Porowski, O. A. Taborda, F. Schuessler, A. Cordier, H. Bluemer, I. C. Mariş, Hernan Wahlberg, Denise Boncioli, German Ros, R. R. Prado, Libor Nozka, Marcus Niechciol, E. D. Fraenkel, A. Parra, R. J. Lauer, P. Ristori, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, B. Courty, B. García, R. Pelayo, S. Querchfeld, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, A. Castera, L. Niemietz, B. Caccianiga, N. Pacheco, A. Porcelli, Tim Niggemann, M. Mallamaci, M. Ludwig, S. Hartmann, Martin Erdmann, G. Yuan, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, G. Vitali, Francesca Zuccarello, Roger W Clay, Maurice Stephan, Johannes Schulz, M. Ave, J. Pouthas, M. Pimenta, P. Clark, A. Tonachini, C. Bonifaz, J. Baeuml, Tobias Winchen, M. Zimbres Silva, P.F. Gómez Vitale, J. Stapleton, Giovanni Marsella, D. Nosek, A. Weindl, N. Hollon, V. Verzi, David Schmidt, Paulo J. S. Gonçalves, T. Suomijaervi, I. Jandt, Ralf Ulrich, Paul M. Mantsch, R. Piegaia, M. Zavrtanik, A. Kaeaepae, N. Giudice, K. Arisaka, H. Glass, V. M. Aranda, Petr Schovanek, J. Kleinfeller, M. Barkhausen, Daniel Kuempel, S. Maldera, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, Darko Veberič, R. Bonino, Marc Weber, M. Buscemi, M. Hrabovsky, Jan Ebr, Sergio Petrera, H.O. Klages, S. Messina, A. P. Ferguson, G. Woerner, C. J. Todero Peixoto, C. H. Wiebusch, J. Maller, N. Krohm, B. Sarkar, Christian Glaser, J. Espadanal, H. Wilczyński, P. Billoir, L. del Peral, M. Avenier, N. Awal, D. Martraire, S. Grebe, R. Squartini, T. Paul, Olivier Ravel, E. Menichetti, G. Medina-Tanco, G. van Aar, K. Link, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Fundación Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargüe, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina, the Australian Research Council, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants # 2010/07359-6 and # 1999/05404-3, Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil, MSMT-CRLG13007, 7AMB14AR005, CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0058 and the Czech Science Foundation Grant 14-17501S, Czech Republic, Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional Ile-de-France, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Département Sciences de l׳Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS),Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein Westfalen, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell׳Istruzione, dell׳Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Gran Sasso Center for Astroparticle Physics (CFA), CETEMPS Center of Excellence, Italy, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico, Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands, National Centre for Research and Development, Grant nos. ERA-NET-ASPERA/01/11 and ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/11, National Science Centre, Grant nos. 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, and 2013/08/M/ST9/00728 and HARMONIA 5 – 2013/10/M/ST9/00062, Poland, Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds within COMPETE – Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundação para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal, Romanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS, CNDI-UEFISCDI partnership projects nos. 20/2012 and nr.194/2012, project nos. 1/ASPERA2/2012 ERA-NET, PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0145-17, and PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0062, the Minister of National Education, Programme for research – Space Technology and Advanced Research – STAR, project number 83/2013, Romania, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia, Comunidad de Madrid, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Xunta de Galicia, Spain, Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom, Department of Energy, Contract no. DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-FR02-04ER41300, DE-FG02-99ER41107 and DE-SC0011689, National Science Foundation, Grant no. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation, USA, NAFOSTED, Vietnam, Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, European Particle Physics Latin American Network, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant no. PIRSES-2009-GA-246806, and UNESCO., Pierre AUGER, ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), European Project: 328826,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF,AUGER2FUTURE(2013), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Fiocruz Minas - René Rachou Research Center / Instituto René Rachou [Belo Horizonte, Brésil], Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), STMicroelectronics [Crolles] (ST-CROLLES), Dipartimento de Ingenieria Quimica y Quimica Inorganica, Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Al Samarai, I., Albert, J. N., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Aranda, V. M., Argirò, S., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Arqueros, F., Asch, T., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. M., Balzer, M., Barber, K. B., Barbosa, A., Barenthien, N., Bäuml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Benzvi, S., Berat, C., Bergmann, T., Bertaina, M. E., Biermann, P. L., Bilhaut, R., Billoir, P., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Bolz, H., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Boratav, M., Borodai, N., Bracci, F., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, Mario, Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Camin, D., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Castera, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chiosso, M., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clark, P. D. J., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, A., Collica, L., Colombo, E., Colonges, S., Coluccia, M. R., Conceiçáo, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Courty, B., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., De Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., De Jong, S. J., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Souza, V., De Vries, K. D., Del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. C., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dolron, P., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Dova, M. T., D'Urso, D., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epele, L. N., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fernandes, M., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fox, B. D., Fraenkel, E. D., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Fulgione, W., Fujii, T., García, B., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, D., Garilli, G., Gascon Bravo, A., Gate, F., Geenen, H., Gemmeke, H., Genolini, B., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Gibbs, K., Giller, M., Giudice, N., Glass, H., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, J. G., González, N., Gookin, B., Góra, D., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gotink, W., Gouffon, P., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Grygar, J., Guardone, N., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, G. P., Guglielmi, L., Habraken, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harrison, T. 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A., Wittkowski, D., Yang, L., Zavrtanik, D., Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: detector [cosmic radiation], interaction [cosmic radiation], FLUORESCENCE YIELD, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Air fluorescence detectors, hybrid observatory, Astronomy, Air fluorescence detector, Astrophysics, Auger, High energy cosmic ray, design [detector], Observatory, SURFACE DETECTOR ARRAY, High energy cosmic rays, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, fluorescence [air], Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, ATMOSPHERIC MULTIPLE-SCATTERING, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Instrumentation, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, performance [detector], Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Pierre Auger Observatory, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), water Cherenkov detectors, LIGHT, Water Cherenkov detector, network [detector], LOWER IONOSPHERE, ddc:620, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hybrid observatory, Water Cherenkov detectors, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, physics, air fluorescence detectors, Air fluorescence detectors, High energy cosmic rays, Hybrid observatory, Pierre Auger Observatory, Water Cherenkov detectors, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Instrumentation, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, EXTENSIVE AIR-SHOWERS, Particle detector, VHE [cosmic radiation], ddc:530, RECONSTRUCTION, Cosmic-ray observatory, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Engineering & allied operations, Astrophysique, Ciencias Exactas, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, fluorescence [detector], high energy cosmic rays, Física, ASTROFÍSICA, ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY, Pierre Auger Observatory, High energy cosmic rays, Hybrid observatory, Water Cherenkov detectors, Air fluorescence detectors, Experimental High Energy Physics, RADIATION, EMISSION
Abstract: The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Fundación Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargüe, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants # 2010/07359-6 and # 1999/05404-3, Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; MSMT-CR LG13007, 7AMB14AR005, CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0058 and the Czech Science Foundation Grant 14-17501S, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional Ile-de-France, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Département Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), Institut Lagrange de Paris, ILP LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63, within the Investissements d'Avenir ProgrammeANR-11-IDEX-0004-02, France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein Westfalen, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Gran Sasso Center for Astroparticle Physics (CFA), CETEMPS Center of Excellence, Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; National Centre for Research and Development, Grant nos. ERA-NETASPERA/01/11 and ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/11, National Science Centre, Grant nos. 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, and 2013/08/M/ST9/00728 and HARMONIA 5 – 2013/10/M/ST9/00062, Poland; Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds within COMPETE – Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundação para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Romanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS, CNDI-UEFISCDI partnership projects nos. 20/2012 and nr.194/2012, project nos. 1/ASPERA2/2012 ERA-NET, PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0145-17, and PN-II-RU-PD-2011- 3-0062, the Minister of National Education, Programme for research – Space Technology and Advanced Research – STAR, project number 83/2013, Romania; Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Xunta de Galicia, European Community 7th Framework Program, Grant no. FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-328826, Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contract no. DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-FR02-04ER41300, DE-FG02-99ER41107 and DE-SC0011689, National Science Foundation, Grant no. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation, USA; NAFOSTED, Vietnam; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, European Particle Physics Latin American Network, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant no. PIRSES-2009- GA-246806; and UNESCO., The Pierre Auger Observatory, located on a vast, high plain in western Argentina, is the world׳s largest cosmic ray observatory. The objectives of the Observatory are to probe the origin and characteristics of cosmic rays above 1017 eV and to study the interactions of these, the most energetic particles observed in nature. The Auger design features an array of 1660 water Cherenkov particle detector stations spread over 3000 km2 overlooked by 24 air fluorescence telescopes. In addition, three high elevation fluorescence telescopes overlook a 23.5 km2, 61-detector infilled array with 750 m spacing. The Observatory has been in successful operation since completion in 2008 and has recorded data from an exposure exceeding 40,000 km2 sr yr. This paper describes the design and performance of the detectors, related subsystems and infrastructure that make up the Observatory., Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Fundacion Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargue, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Lenas, Australian Research Council, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Ciencia Tecnologia e Inovacao (FINEP), Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) 2010/07359-6 1999/05404-3, Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil, Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic LG13007 7AMB14AR005 CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0058, Grant Agency of the Czech Republic Czech Republic Government 14-17501S, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Region Ile-de-France, Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire PNC-IN2P3/CNRS, Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), Institut Lagrange de Paris, French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02 ANR-10-LABX-63, Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF), German Research Foundation (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Helmholtz Association, Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein Westfalen, Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany, Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR), Gran Sasso Center for Astroparticle Physics (CFA), CETEMPS Center of Excellence, Italy, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT), Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), FOM (The Netherlands) Netherlands Government, National Centre for Research and Development ERA-NET-ASPERA/01/11 ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/11, National Science Centre, Poland 2013/08/M/ST9/00322 2013/08/M/ST9/00728 HARMONIA 5 - 2013/10/M/ST9/00062, Portuguese national funds, FEDER funds within COMPETE - Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal, Romanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS, CNDI-UEFISCDI 20/2012 194/2012 1/ASPERA2/2012 ERA-NET PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0145-17 PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0062, Programme for research - Space Technology and Advanced Research - STAR, Romania 83/2013, Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia, Comunidad de Madrid Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Union (EU), Spanish Government, Xunta de Galicia, European Community, Spain FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-328826, Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC02-07CH11359 DE-FR02-04ER41300 DE-FG02-99ER41107 DE-SC0011689, National Science Foundation (NSF) 0450696, Grainger Foundation, USA, National Foundation for Science & Technology Development (NAFOSTED), Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, European Particle Physics Latin American Network, European Union (EU) PIRSES-2009-GA-246806, UNESCO
Published: 2015
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288. Search for patterns by combining cosmic-ray energy and arrival directions at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: G. Torralba Elipe, Eva Santos, Richard Dallier, A. Nelles, R. Krause, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, L. Valore, Amin Aminaei, Peter Schiffer, H. J. Mathes, M. Ambrosio, V. Scherini, Lu Lu, Alexandra Saftoiu, Alex Kääpä, Colin Baus, I. A. Minaya, B. Wilczynska, B. Keilhauer, B. Vargas Cárdenas, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, I. Zaw, J. Maller, J. Rodriguez Rojo, J. Allen, André Schulz, E. J. Quel, Lorenzo Caccianiga, S. J. Sciutto, H. Schieler, Niraj Dhital, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, Marco Giammarchi, I. Valiño, M. Buscemi, I. Al Samarai, M. Fernandes, Karl-Heinz Kampert, A. G. Chavez, F.G. Schröder, V. M. Theodoro, R. Gaior, Antonella Castellina, Sasa Micanovic, G. Matthiae, J. Neuser, K. Link, Miroslav Hrabovský, J. D. Swain, A. Haungs, Enrique Zas, J. L. Harton, S. G. Blaess, A. Cordier, D. Nosek, P. Mantsch, Z. Szadkowski, J. Lozano Bahilo, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, L. Nellen, P. Abreu, Fernando Contreras, K. Louedec, Mariangela Settimo, Antonio Bueno, M. Josebachuili, M. Zavrtanik, Alexey Yushkov, Moritz Münchmeyer, G. C. Hill, B. Tome, Thomas Harrison, Corbin Covault, Y. Petrov, G. Müller, D. Ravignani, G. Cocciolo, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Plum, M. E. Bertaina, C. O. Escobar, Alan Watson, V. Purrello, C. Morello, V. Marin, Ralph Engel, G. Marsella, Philipp Papenbreer, Petr Travnicek, Gualberto Avila, Ingomar Allekotte, J. Alvarez Castillo, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, F. Suarez, Thomas Hebbeker, F. Diogo, Sergio Dasso, R. M. de Almeida, H. Blümer, A. Weindl, J. Ridky, H.O. Klages, Luca Latronico, Lino Miramonti, A. Aab, Harm Schoorlemmer, Luis A. Anchordoqui, J. Pȩkala, Max Malacari, B. Kégl, A. Stutz, L. Caramete, A. C. Fauth, Jörg R. Hörandel, G. Garilli, Alan Coleman, Trent D. Grubb, D. Huber, P. Pieroni, B. Vlcek, Stijn Buitink, Angela V. Olinto, V. M. Aranda, D. Nitz, Piotr Homola, N. Hollon, V. Verzi, P. Facal San Luis, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, S. Messina, C. Di Giulio, A. Chiavassa, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, G. P. Guedes, David Schmidt, A. P. Ferguson, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Toshihiro Fujii, Juan Manuel Figueira, V. Pirronello, S. Le Coz, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, A. E. Herve, K. B. Barber, Iuri Muniz Pepe, M. Platino, L. R. Wiencke, F. Arqueros, B. Zamorano, Jaime Rosado, M. Monasor, Peter L. Biermann, P. Necesal, C. L. Williams, Petr Schovanek, Paulo J. S. Gonçalves, I. Jandt, Ralf Ulrich, R. Cester, I. C. Mariş, Hernan Wahlberg, Octavian Sima, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Lebrun, R. R. Prado, M. Videla, R. J. Lauer, P. Ristori, David Wittkowski, G. Salina, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, B. Caccianiga, O. Krömer, B. García, Tobias Winchen, P. Lebrun, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, M. Ludwig, S. Hartmann, Martin Erdmann, Roger W Clay, Johannes Schulz, M. Pimenta, Dusan Mandat, Roberta Colalillo, A. G. Mariazzi, M. Blanco, A.M. van den Berg, Darko Veberič, I. Rodriguez Cabo, R. Bonino, A. Shadkam, A. F. Grillo, Francesca Zuccarello, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Esteban Roulet, P. L. Ghia, Maurice Stephan, A. Tonachini, S. Quinn, A. Segreto, Günter Sigl, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Radomir Smida, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, U. Fröhlich, A. Porcelli, Markus Roth, A. Dorofeev, Igor Katkov, A. van Vliet, L. Villaseñor, G. Yuan, Matias Tueros, S. Riggi, N. Scharf, P. Heimann, E. Kemp, Serguei Vorobiov, D. Monnier Ragaigne, O. A. Taborda, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, H. Martinez, C. Porowski, Paul Sommers, P. Gouffon, M. J. Cooper, Denise Boncioli, F. Sánchez, Carlos Medina, M. De Domenico, Maria Rita Coluccia, Bruno Daniel, T. Yapici, J. J. Masías Meza, D. Maurel, E.M. Holt, A. Saleh, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. R. Hampel, S. Müller, R. Alves Batista, A. Tapia, Sarka Wykes, H. Gemmeke, Jing Zhou, R. Meissner, Octavian Fratu, Yingchun Zhu, M. Palatka, G. S. Varner, Paolo Privitera, C. Jarne, T. Huege, A. Parra, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, E. Varela, N. Griffith, Miguel Mostafa, L. Tomankova, G. Navarra, L. Ochilo, C. Aramo, C. E. Santo, M. Zimbres Silva, J. Stapleton, L. Nožka, R. Piegaia, S. Navas, M. Melissas, Joshua A. Gordon, R. A. Vázquez, A. Filipčič, F. Sarazin, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, A. Śmiał kowski, B. Revenu, Eric Mayotte, M. Ave, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, W. Docters, German Ros, Marcus Niechciol, M. Risse, J. Kleinfeller, J. R. Vázquez, Jose Chinellato, P. Lautridou, A. Widom, A. Letessier-Selvon, Lorenzo Cazon, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, L. Martin, Marco Cilmo, T. Rossler, A. Bridgeman, S. J. Saffi, Markus Lauscher, J. Phuntsok, Raul Sarmento, M. Mallamaci, S. Jansen, P. Sanchez-Lucas, D. Harari, D. Martraire, Yogendra N. Srivastava, M. I. Micheletti, Daniel Kuempel, Q. Dorosti Hasankiadeh, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, J. Vicha, A. Gorgi, D. Heck, S. Maldera, A. Zepeda, Rúben Conceição, R. Pelayo, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, M. Will, M. Urban, A. C. Rovero, N. Palmieri, Pedro Assis, A. Etchegoyen, Johannes Schumacher, Alina Mihaela Badescu, S. Querchfeld, C. Bleve, M. Candusso, M. Prouza, L. Niemietz, B. D. Fox, M. Oliveira, Peter Gorham, A. Menshikov, F. Salamida, Iván Sidelnik, L. Molina-Bueno, D. Melo, Florian Gaté, G. Parente, Vincenzo Rizi, David Walz, N. Pacheco, D. Martello, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, Tim Niggemann, K. Weidenhaupt, M. Ziolkowski, R. Sato, L. Collica, Martina Bohacova, O. Martínez Bravo, F. Werner, Patrick Allison, V. de Souza, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, D. Maurizio, J. Sorokin, J. C. Diaz, Eun-Joo Ahn, François Montanet, D. Rogozin, J. de Oliveira, S. van Velzen, Alejandro Almela, K. H. Becker, V. Novotny, J. Bäuml, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, S. Mathys, M. Erfani, D. Kruppke-Hansen, Marcio Aparecido Muller, N. Kunka, Nicolás González, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, E. Trovato, B. Gookin, P. H. Nguyen, E. M. Santos, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. De Mitri, A. Gascon Bravo, D. Garcia-Gamez, Bruce R. Dawson, P.O. Mazur, S. T. Garcia Roca, Bryan C. Fuchs, D. Torres Machado, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Paula Gina Isar, Pedro Brogueira, F. Salesa Greus, G. Cataldi, D. Garcia-Pinto, A. Di Matteo, B. Wundheiler, Gregory R Snow, P. H. Kasper, M. S. A. B. Leão, John N. Matthews, R. M. Kieckhafer, J. Rautenberg, O. Wainberg, W. C. Brown, C. J. Todero Peixoto, C. A. Moura, T. Yamamoto, Brian Fick, Samo Stanič, N. Krohm, Kai Daumiller, R. Meyhandan, B. Sarkar, Christian Glaser, J. Espadanal, H. Wilczyński, P. Billoir, L. del Peral, O. Ravel, N. Awal, E. Petermann, Miroslav Pech, Pavel Horvath, M. S. Sutherland, Sofia Andringa, S. Grebe, O. Kambeitz, R. Squartini, T. Paul, A. Tepe, A. Lopez Agüera, Alberto Filevich, Peter Hansen, F. Guarino, Peter Buchholz, M. Szuba, I.M. Brancus, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, G. Medina-Tanco, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, Silvia Mollerach, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, G. van Aar, Julien Aublin, Michael Unger, S. J. De Jong, M. Avenier, A. Curutiu, Ugo Giaccari, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, Lukas Middendorf, Christine Peters, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, Hernán Asorey, Azadeh Keivani, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, M. Tartare, J. W. Cronin, P. van Bodegom, G. Toma, Nataliia Borodai, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), PIERRE AUGER, European Project: 328826,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF,AUGER2FUTURE(2013), Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. . J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. . F. . M., Allekotte, I., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Aranda, V. . M., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. . M., Barber, K. . B., Bäuml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. . J., Becker, K. . H., Bellido, J. . A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. . E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. . L., Billoir, P., Blaess, S. . G., Blanco, A., Blanco, M., Bleve, Carla, Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. . C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. . S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. . G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. . A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. . W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, MARIA RITA, Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. . J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. . E., Cronin, J., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. . R., de Almeida, R. . M., de Jong, S. . J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. . R. . T., DE MITRI, Ivan, de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. . C., Díaz Castro, M. . L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D’Olivo, J. . C., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Dova, M. . T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. . O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. . C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. . P., Fernandes, M., Fick, B., Figueira, J. . M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fox, B. . D., Fratu, O., Freire, M. . M., Fuchs, B., Fujii, T., García, B., Garcia Pinto, D., Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel Lascu, A., Ghia, P. . L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. . F., González, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. . F., Grubb, T. . D., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. . P., Hampel, M. . R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. . A., Hartmann, S., Harton, J. . L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. . E., Hill, G. . C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. . R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. . G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Johnsen, J. . A., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. . H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. . M., Klages, H. . O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kuempel, D., Kunka, N., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui de Oliveira, M. . A., Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Louedec, K., Lu, L., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Maldera, S., Mallamaci, M., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. . G., Marin, V., Mariş, I. . C., Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martin, L., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masías Meza, J. . J., Mathes, H. . J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. . A. . J., Matthiae, G., Maurel, D., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. . O., Medina, C., Medina Tanco, G., Meissner, R., Mello, V. . B. . B., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Meyhandan, R., Micheletti, M. . I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. . A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. . A., Muller, M. . A., Müller, G., Müller, S., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J. . L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. . H., Niculescu Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. . M., Perrone, Lorenzo, Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrov, Y., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. . R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Purrello, V., Quel, E. . J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez Frías, M. . D., Rogozin, D., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. . C., Saffi, S. . J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santos, E., Santos, E. . M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Scarso, C., Schauer, M., Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. . G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. . J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. . C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. . R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. . N., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. . D., Sutherland, M. . S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taborda, O. . A., Tapia, A., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. . M., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. . J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. . F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Aar, G., van Bodegom, P., van den Berg, A. . M., van Velzen, S., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vasquez, R., Vázquez, J. . R., Vázquez, R. . A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. . A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yang, L., Yapici, T., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zhu, Y., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., UNIVERSIDADE DE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay ( USN ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes ( SUBATECH ), Mines Nantes ( Mines Nantes ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie ( LPSC ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), European Project : 328826,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF,AUGER2FUTURE ( 2013 ), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, University of Łódź, tobias.winchen@rwth-aachen.de, Ahn, E. J., Samarai, I. Al, Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I, Allen, J., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Batista, R. Alve, Aranda, V. M., Badescu, A. M., Barber, K. B., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Bertaina, M. E., Biermann, P. L., Blaess, S., Bleve, C., Bonino, R., Brown, W. C., Buscemi, Mario, Caballero Mora, K. S., Chavez, A. G., Chinellato, J. A., Clay, R. W., Colalillo, Roberta, Coluccia, M. R., Cooper, M. J., Covault, C. E., Curutiu, A., Dawson, B. R., Almeida, R. M. de, Domenico, M. De, Jong, S. J. de, Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, Mitri, I. De, Oliveira, J. de, Souza, V. de, Peral, L. del, Giulio, C. Di, Matteo, A. Di, Diaz, J. C., Castro, M. L. Díaz, D’Olivo, J. C., Hasankiadeh, Q. Dorosti, Dova, M. T., Escobar, C. O., Luis, P. Facal San, Fauth, A. C., Ferguson, A. P., Figueira, J. M., Fox, B. D., Fröhlich, U., Gaior, R., Roca, S. T. Garcia, Garcia Gamez, D., Garilli, G., Bravo, A. Gascon, Ghia, P. L., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, J. G., Grebe, S., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hörandel, J. R., Isar, P. G., Kampert, K. H., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kruppke Hansen, D., Coz, S. Le, Leão, M. S. A. B., Oliveira, M. A. Leigui de, Agüera, A. Lopez, Bahilo, J. Lozano, Ludwig, M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Bravo, O. Martínez, Meza, J. J. Masía, Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J. A. J., Mazur, P. O., Melissas, M., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M. I., Minaya, I. A., Monasor, M., Ragaigne, D. Monnier, Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Münchmeyer, M., Nguyen, P., Oliveira, M., Selmi Dei, D. Pakk, Palmieri, N., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Prado, R. R., Quel, E. J., Carvalho, W. Rodrigues de, Cabo, I. Rodriguez, Fernandez, G. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Ros, G., Rossler, T., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Greus, F. Salesa, Santo, C. E., Santos, E. M., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schröder, F. G., Sciutto, S. J., Shellard, R. C., Kowski, A. Śmiał, Snow, G. R., Srivastava, Y. N., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Szuba, M., Taborda, O. A., Tartare, M., Theodoro, V. M., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Elipe, G. Torralba, Machado, D. Torre, Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdé, Valore, Laura, Aar, G. van, Bodegom, P. van, Berg, A. M. van den, Velzen, S. van, Vliet, A. van, Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Watson, A. A., Wilczyńska, B., Will, M., Williams, C., Yamamoto, T., Yuan, G., Zamorano, B., Zaw, I., Zhou, J., Silva, M. Zimbre, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Ahn E. J., Al Samarai I., Albuquerque I. F. M., Allekotte I., Allison P., Almela A., Alvarez Castillo J., Alvarez-Muñiz J., Alves Batista R., Ambrosio M., Aminaei A., Anchordoqui L., Andringa S., Aramo C., Aranda V. M., Arqueros F., Arsene N., Asorey H., Assis P., Aublin J., Ave M., Avenier M., Avila G., Awal N., Badescu A. M., Barber K. B., Bäuml J., Baus C., Beatty J. J., Becker K. H., Bellido J. A., Berat C., Bertaina M. E., Bertou X., Biermann P. L., Billoir P., Blaess S. G., Blanco A., Blanco M., Bleve C., Blümer H., Boháčová M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Borodai N., Brack J., Brancus I., Bridgeman A., Brogueira P., Brown W. C., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K. S., Caccianiga B., Caccianiga L., Candusso M., Caramete L., Caruso R., Castellina A., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cester R., Chavez A. G., Chiavassa A., Chinellato J. A., Chudoba J., Cilmo M., Clay R. W., Cocciolo G., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Collica L., Coluccia M. R., Conceição R., Contreras F., Cooper M. J., Cordier A., Coutu S., Covault C. E., Cronin J., Dallier R., Daniel B., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B. R., de Almeida R. M., de Jong S. J., De Mauro G., de Mello Neto J. R. T., De Mitri I., de Oliveira J., de Souza V., del Peral L., Deligny O., Dembinski H., Dhital N., Di Giulio C., Di Matteo A., Diaz J. C., Díaz Castro M. L., Diogo F., Dobrigkeit C., Docters W., D’Olivo J. C., Dorofeev A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh Q., Dova M. T., Ebr J., Engel R., Erdmann M., Erfani M., Escobar C. O., Espadanal J., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Fang K., Farrar G., Fauth A. C., Fazzini N., Ferguson A. P., Fernandes M., Fick B., Figueira J. M., Filevich A., Filipčič A., Fox B. D., Fratu O., Freire M. M., Fuchs B., Fujii T., García B., Garcia-Pinto D., Gate F., Gemmeke H., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P. L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Głas D., Glaser C., Glass H., Golup G., Gómez Berisso M., Gómez Vitale P. F., González N., Gookin B., Gordon J., Gorgi A., Gorham P., Gouffon P., Griffith N., Grillo A. F., Grubb T. D., Guardincerri Y., Guarino F., Guedes G. P., Hampel M. R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harrison T. A., Hartmann S., Harton J. L., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Heimann P., Herve A. E., Hill G. C., Hojvat C., Hollon N., Holt E., Homola P., Hörandel J. R., Horvath P., Hrabovský M., Huber D., Huege T., Insolia A., Isar P. G., Jandt I., Jansen S., Jarne C., Johnsen J. A., Josebachuili M., Kääpä A., Kambeitz O., Kampert K. H., Kasper P., Katkov I., Kégl B., Keilhauer B., Keivani A., Kemp E., Kieckhafer R. M., Klages H. O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Krause R., Krohm N., Krömer O., Kuempel D., Kunka N., LaHurd D., Latronico L., Lauer R., Lauscher M., Lautridou P., Le Coz S., Lebrun D., Lebrun P., Leigui de Oliveira M. A., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Link K., Lopes L., López R., López Casado A., Louedec K., Lu L., Lucero A., Malacari M., Maldera S., Mallamaci M., Maller J., Mandat D., Mantsch P., Mariazzi A. G., Marin V., Mariş I. C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martin L., Martinez H., Martínez Bravo O., Martraire D., Masías Meza J. J., Mathes H. J., Mathys S., Matthews J., Matthews J. A. J., Matthiae G., Maurel D., Maurizio D., Mayotte E., Mazur P. O., Medina C., Medina-Tanco G., Meissner R., Mello V. B. B., Melo D., Menshikov A., Messina S., Meyhandan R., Micheletti M. I., Middendorf L., Minaya I. A., Miramonti L., Mitrica B., Molina-Bueno L., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafá M., Moura C. A., Muller M. A., Müller G., Müller S., Mussa R., Navarra G., Navarro J. L., Navas S., Necesal P., Nellen L., Nelles A., Neuser J., Nguyen P. H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Niemietz L., Niggemann T., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Nožka L., Ochilo L., Oikonomou F., Olinto A., Pacheco N., Pakk Selmi-Dei D., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Paul T., Pech M., Pȩkala J., Pelayo R., Pepe I. M., Perrone L., Petermann E., Peters C., Petrera S., Petrov Y., Phuntsok J., Piegaia R., Pierog T., Pieroni P., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Plum M., Porcelli A., Porowski C., Prado R. R., Privitera P., Prouza M., Purrello V., Quel E. J., Querchfeld S., Quinn S., Rautenberg J., Ravel O., Ravignani D., Revenu B., Ridky J., Riggi S., Risse M., Ristori P., Rizi V., Rodrigues de Carvalho W., Rodriguez Fernandez G., Rodriguez Rojo J., Rodríguez-Frías M. D., Rogozin D., Rosado J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A. C., Saffi S. J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Saleh A., Salesa Greus F., Salina G., Sánchez F., Sanchez-Lucas P., Santos E., Santos E. M., Sarazin F., Sarkar B., Sarmento R., Sato R., Scarso C., Schauer M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schiffer P., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schoorlemmer H., Schovánek P., Schröder F. G., Schulz A., Schulz J., Schumacher J., Sciutto S. J., Segreto A., Settimo M., Shadkam A., Shellard R. C., Sidelnik I., Sigl G., Sima O., Śmiałkowski A., Šmída R., Snow G. R., Sommers P., Sorokin J., Squartini R., Srivastava Y. N., Stanca D., Stanič S., Stapleton J., Stasielak J., Stephan M., Stutz A., Suarez F., Suomijärvi T., Supanitsky A. D., Sutherland M. S., Swain J., Szadkowski Z., Taborda O. A., Tapia A., Tepe A., Theodoro V. M., Tiffenberg J., Timmermans C., Todero Peixoto C. J., Toma G., Tomankova L., Tomé B., Tonachini A., Torralba Elipe G., Torres Machado D., Travnicek P., Ulrich R., Unger M., Urban M., Valdés Galicia J. F., Valiño I., Valore L., van Aar G., van Bodegom P., van den Berg A. M., van Velzen S., van Vliet A., Varela E., Vargas Cárdenas B., Varner G., Vasquez R., Vázquez J. R., Vázquez R. A., Veberič D., Verzi V., Vicha J., Videla M., Villaseñor L., Vlcek B., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Wainberg O., Walz D., Watson A. A., Weber M., Weidenhaupt K., Weindl A., Werner F., Widom A., Wiencke L., Wilczyński H., Winchen T., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Wykes S., Yang L., Yapici T., Yushkov A., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zepeda A., Zhu Y., Zimmermann B., Ziolkowski M., and Zuccarello F.
Subjects: Astrofísica, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Ray, cosmic radiation anisotropy, cosmic radiation propagation, cosmic radiation deflection, Astronomy, magnetic field, Astrophysics, anisotropy [cosmic radiation], 01 natural sciences, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Auger, Pierre, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Observatory, Jets, Quantum Chromodynamics, cosmic radiation: VHE, energy: correlation, Patterns, Monte Carlo, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, cosmic radiation: propagation, Energy, COSMIC cancer database, Angular distance, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Search, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, cosmic radiation anisotropy, Pierre Auger Observatory, cosmic radiation: deflection, Radiación cósmica, Surface Detector Array, Cosmic, Arrival, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Principal axis theorem, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Regular Article - Experimental Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Engineering (miscellaneous), FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, cosmic radiation: anisotropy, Particle detector, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, VHE [cosmic radiation], statistical analysis, Spectrum, 0103 physical sciences, thrust, ddc:530, Engineering (miscellaneous), Astrophysique, Ciencias Exactas, air: showers, cosmic radiation propagation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, turbulence, [ PHYS.ASTR.HE ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Física, Astroparticles, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], ASTROFÍSICA, Galactic Magnetic-field, correlation [energy], Direction, Experimental High Energy Physics, cosmic radiation deflection, propagation [cosmic radiation], direct detection, galaxy, [ SDU.ASTR.HE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], deflection [cosmic radiation], showers [air], Model
Abstract: Energy-dependent patterns in the arrival directions of cosmic rays are searched for using data of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We investigate local regions around the highest-energy cosmic rays with E ≥ 6×1019 eV by analyzing cosmic rays with energies above E ≥ 5×1018 eV arriving within an angular separation of approximately 15∘. We characterize the energy distributions inside these regions by two independent methods, one searching for angular dependence of energy-energy correlations and one searching for collimation of energy along the local system of principal axes of the energy distribution. No significant patterns are found with this analysis. The comparison of these measurements with astrophysical scenarios can therefore be used to obtain constraints on related model parameters such as strength of cosmic-ray deflection and density of point sources. © 2015, The Author(s)., 0, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2015
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289. Searches for anisotropies in the arrival directions of the highest energy cosmic rays detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Markus Risse, M. Urban, A. C. Rovero, C. Bleve, M. Oliveira, S. Riggi, Vincenzo Rizi, Toshihiro Fujii, Bruno Daniel, T. Yapici, Foteini Oikonomou, J. J. Masías Meza, D. Torres Machado, A. Shadkam, D. Maurel, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, G. Matthiae, Johannes Schumacher, Iván Sidelnik, A. Cordier, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Esteban Roulet, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, Paulo J. S. Gonçalves, A. Tapia, Paula Gina Isar, A. Chiavassa, Antonio Bueno, Pedro Brogueira, F. Salesa Greus, M. Josebachuili, A. E. Herve, K. B. Barber, H. Gemmeke, G. Cocciolo, A. Dorofeev, L. R. Wiencke, Yingchun Zhu, A. Tepe, Richard Dallier, A. Nelles, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Lu Lu, F. Salamida, Luis A. Anchordoqui, B. Revenu, I. A. Minaya, B. Keilhauer, André Schulz, M. Ave, Gualberto Avila, Piera Luisa Ghia, Nicolás González, J. R. Vázquez, Ingomar Allekotte, Angela V. Olinto, Igor Katkov, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, D. Nitz, Silvia Mollerach, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, I. Jandt, L. Perrone, B. Kégl, Jose Chinellato, S. Quinn, A. Segreto, P. Sanchez-Lucas, D. Harari, Lorenzo Caccianiga, M. Platino, Alberto Filevich, Peter Hansen, P. Lautridou, M. Monasor, Ralf Ulrich, L. Martin, Marco Cilmo, F. Guarino, G. S. Varner, Peter Buchholz, V. M. Theodoro, S. Messina, A. Widom, K. Link, Paul M. Mantsch, M. Szuba, Miroslav Hrabovský, Julien Aublin, Paul Sommers, F. Werner, Stefan E. Müller, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, U. Fröhlich, Lukas Middendorf, A. Letessier-Selvon, Radomir Smida, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, I.M. Brancus, T. Rossler, A. Bridgeman, H. Glass, P. Gouffon, Marco Aglietta, M. J. Cooper, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Eun-Joo Ahn, M. Prouza, F. Sánchez, Lorenzo Cazon, C. Aramo, A. Haungs, C. E. Santo, D. Martello, S. G. Blaess, Q. Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Markus Roth, Michael Unger, A. Śmiałkowski, François Montanet, S. van Velzen, E.M. Holt, A. Saleh, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. R. Hampel, R. Alves Batista, Carlos Medina, M. De Domenico, S. J. Saffi, M. Videla, B. Tome, G. Müller, B. Vlcek, Christine Peters, Martina Bohacova, Patrick Allison, Florian Gaté, V. de Souza, L. del Peral, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, N. Scharf, Sarka Wykes, L. Villase nor, P. Heimann, L. Molina-Bueno, D. Melo, Jing Zhou, R. Meissner, David Walz, David Wittkowski, Germano Guedes, L. Nožka, R. Piegaia, E. Petermann, Miroslav Pech, Guenter Sigl, Markus Lauscher, J. Phuntsok, Raul Sarmento, J. Sorokin, B. Mitrica, Z. Szadkowski, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, Maria Rita Coluccia, Yogendra N. Srivastava, M. I. Micheletti, Pavel Horvath, O. Ravel, A. Di Matteo, N. Awal, B. Wundheiler, G. Cataldi, Peter Schiffer, Octavian Fratu, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, Heino Falcke, R. Sato, J. Vicha, Jörg R. Hörandel, G. Garilli, A. Gorgi, V. M. Aranda, Gregory R Snow, L. Nellen, M. Blanco, M. Palatka, Serguei Vorobiov, D. Monnier Ragaigne, Rúben Conceição, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, C. Morello, I. Lhenry-Yvon, M. Ambrosio, V. Scherini, J. Allen, M. S. Sutherland, D. Maurizio, O. A. Taborda, Dusan Mandat, H. Martinez, A. van Vliet, Alexandra Saftoiu, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Plum, B. Wilczynska, N. Palmieri, S. Navas, M. Melissas, Peter L. Biermann, P. H. Kasper, J. F. Valdés Galicia, Eric Mayotte, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, I. De Mitri, A. Gascon Bravo, A. Menshikov, Sofia Andringa, Dieter Heck, M. Mallamaci, W. Docters, Moritz Münchmeyer, M. Zavrtanik, Hernán Asorey, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Paolo Privitera, G. C. Hill, Joshua A. Gordon, R. A. Vázquez, A. Filipčič, J. D. Swain, Antonio Insolia, M. E. Bertaina, Alan Watson, G. Torralba Elipe, Eva Santos, V. Novotny, A. G. Chavez, Fred Sarazin, Mario Buscemi, Ralph Engel, Petr Schovanek, D. Garcia-Gamez, J. Alvarez Castillo, E. Varela, N. Griffith, K. Weidenhaupt, F.G. Schröder, R. Krause, Enrique Zas, I. M. Pepe, J. Ridky, F. Diogo, J. Bäuml, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, S. Petrera, O. Kambeitz, Marc Weber, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, L. Valore, Amin Aminaei, Peter Mazur, R. M. de Almeida, C. Di Giulio, A. Stutz, S. Mathys, M. Erfani, J. Pȩkala, Fernando Contreras, Harm Schoorlemmer, Octavian Sima, J. G. Gonzalez, S. J. De Jong, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, J. Maller, Marco Giammarchi, Sergio Sciutto, I. Al Samarai, Stijn Buitink, Sasa Micanovic, D. Lebrun, Pierre Billoir, M. Avenier, L. Ochilo, A. Curutiu, Ugo Giaccari, D. Garcia-Pinto, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, M. S. A. B. Leão, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, B. Zamorano, V. Marin, Azadeh Keivani, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, J. W. Cronin, P. van Bodegom, M. Candusso, G. Toma, John N. Matthews, R. M. Kieckhafer, Nataliia Borodai, J. Rautenberg, O. Wainberg, Peter Gorham, W. C. Brown, L. Collica, Jiri Chudoba, L. Tomankova, G. Navarra, Thomas Harrison, P. Pieroni, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, C. A. Moura, T. Yamamoto, Brian Fick, Samo Stanič, Hermann-Josef Mathes, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, Kai Daumiller, A. Zepeda, R. Meyhandan, Pedro Assis, A. Etchegoyen, R. Gaior, F. Suarez, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, Martín Miguel Freire, J. Lozano Bahilo, D. Kruppke-Hansen, Corbin Covault, Y. Petrov, C. Jarne, E. Trovato, B. Gookin, P. H. Nguyen, I. C. Mariş, E. M. Santos, Hernan Wahlberg, Alexander Grillo, Lino Miramonti, Bruce R. Dawson, Tim Huege, R. R. Prado, Marcio Aparecido Muller, A. Parra, R. J. Lauer, P. Ristori, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, B. Caccianiga, N. Kunka, Luca Latronico, A. C. Fauth, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Jaime Rosado, R. Cester, B. Vargas Cárdenas, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, E. J. Quel, Béatrice Fuchs, Niraj Dhital, I. Valiño, B. D. Fox, J. Neuser, Philipp Papenbreer, J. S. Díaz, Petr Travnicek, G. Parente, Ernesto Kemp, Alan Coleman, Trent D. Grubb, D. Huber, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, A. G. Mariazzi, D. Rogozin, J. de Oliveira, Alejandro Almela, Miguel Mostafá, Alex Kääpä, Colin Baus, H. Schieler, M. Fernandes, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, K. Louedec, Mariangela Settimo, Alexey Yushkov, V. Purrello, H. Blümer, Max Malacari, Piotr Homola, P. Facal San Luis, S. Le Coz, C. L. Williams, O. Krömer, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, Johannes Schulz, H.O. Klages, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, A. P. Ferguson, M. Zimbres Silva, Gaetano Salina, A.M. van den Berg, Darko Veberič, J. Stapleton, R. Bonino, B. García, Tobias Winchen, P. Lebrun, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, J. Kleinfeller, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, M. Ludwig, S. Hartmann, S. Maldera, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, Martin Erdmann, Roger W Clay, D. Nosek, G. Marsella, Marcus Niechciol, A. Weindl, N. Hollon, V. Verzi, David Schmidt, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, R. Pelayo, Francesca Zuccarello, S. Querchfeld, Maurice Stephan, A. Tonachini, L. Niemietz, P.F. Gómez Vitale, N. Pacheco, Tim Niggemann, A. Porcelli, A. Aab, L. Caramete, G. Yuan, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, C. Porowski, Denise Boncioli, German Ros, Valerio Pirronello, C. J. Todero Peixoto, N. Krohm, B. Sarkar, Christian Glaser, J. Espadanal, H. Wilczyński, S. Grebe, R. Squartini, John L. Harton, T. Paul, G. Medina-Tanco, G. van Aar, S. Jansen, D. Martraire, Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Ahn E. J., Al Samarai I., Albuquerque I. F. M., Allekotte I., Allison P., Almela A., Alvarez Castillo J., Alvarez-Muñiz J., Alves Batista R., Ambrosio M., Aminaei A., Anchordoqui L., Andringa S., Aramo C., Aranda V. M., Arqueros F., Arsene N., Asorey H., Assis P., Aublin J., Ave M., Avenier M., Avila G., Awal N., Badescu A. M., Barber K. B., Bäuml J., Baus C., Beatty J. J., Becker K. H., Bellido J. A., Berat C., Bertaina M. E., Bertou X., Biermann P. L., Billoir P., Blaess S. G., Blanco A., Blanco M., Bleve C., Blümer H., Boháčová M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Borodai N., Brack J., Brancus I., Bridgeman A., Brogueira P., Brown W. C., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K. S., Caccianiga B., Caccianiga L., Candusso M., Caramete L., Caruso R., Castellina A., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cester R., Chavez A. G., Chiavassa A., Chinellato J. A., Chudoba J., Cilmo M., Clay R. W., Cocciolo G., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Collica L., Coluccia M. R., Conceição R., Contreras F., Cooper M. J., Cordier A., Coutu S., Covault C. E., Cronin J., Dallier R., Daniel B., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B. R., de Almeida R. M., de Jong S. J., De Mauro G., de Mello Neto J. R. T., De Mitri I., de Oliveira J., de Souza V., del Peral L., Deligny O., Dembinski H., Dhital N., Di Giulio C., Di Matteo A., Diaz J. C., Díaz Castro M. L., Diogo F., Dobrigkeit C., Docters W., D’Olivo J. C., Dorofeev A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh Q., Dova M. T., Ebr J., Engel R., Erdmann M., Erfani M., Escobar C. O., Espadanal J., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Fang K., Farrar G., Fauth A. C., Fazzini N., Ferguson A. P., Fernandes M., Fick B., Figueira J. M., Filevich A., Filipčič A., Fox B. D., Fratu O., Freire M. M., Fuchs B., Fujii T., García B., Garcia-Pinto D., Gate F., Gemmeke H., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P. L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Głas D., Glaser C., Glass H., Golup G., Gómez Berisso M., Gómez Vitale P. F., González N., Gookin B., Gordon J., Gorgi A., Gorham P., Gouffon P., Griffith N., Grillo A. F., Grubb T. D., Guardincerri Y., Guarino F., Guedes G. P., Hampel M. R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harrison T. A., Hartmann S., Harton J. L., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Heimann P., Herve A. E., Hill G. C., Hojvat C., Hollon N., Holt E., Homola P., Hörandel J. R., Horvath P., Hrabovský M., Huber D., Huege T., Insolia A., Isar P. G., Jandt I., Jansen S., Jarne C., Johnsen J. A., Josebachuili M., Kääpä A., Kambeitz O., Kampert K. H., Kasper P., Katkov I., Kégl B., Keilhauer B., Keivani A., Kemp E., Kieckhafer R. M., Klages H. O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Krause R., Krohm N., Krömer O., Kuempel D., Kunka N., LaHurd D., Latronico L., Lauer R., Lauscher M., Lautridou P., Le Coz S., Lebrun D., Lebrun P., Leigui de Oliveira M. A., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Link K., Lopes L., López R., López Casado A., Louedec K., Lu L., Lucero A., Malacari M., Maldera S., Mallamaci M., Maller J., Mandat D., Mantsch P., Mariazzi A. G., Marin V., Mariş I. C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martin L., Martinez H., Martínez Bravo O., Martraire D., Masías Meza J. J., Mathes H. J., Mathys S., Matthews J., Matthews J. A. J., Matthiae G., Maurel D., Maurizio D., Mayotte E., Mazur P. O., Medina C., Medina-Tanco G., Meissner R., Mello V. B. B., Melo D., Menshikov A., Messina S., Meyhandan R., Micheletti M. I., Middendorf L., Minaya I. A., Miramonti L., Mitrica B., Molina-Bueno L., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafá M., Moura C. A., Muller M. A., Müller G., Müller S., Mussa R., Navarra G., Navarro J. L., Navas S., Necesal P., Nellen L., Nelles A., Neuser J., Nguyen P. H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Niemietz L., Niggemann T., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Nožka L., Ochilo L., Oikonomou F., Olinto A., Pacheco N., Pakk Selmi-Dei D., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Paul T., Pech M., Pȩkala J., Pelayo R., Pepe I. M., Perrone L., Petermann E., Peters C., Petrera S., Petrov Y., Phuntsok J., Piegaia R., Pierog T., Pieroni P., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Plum M., Porcelli A., Porowski C., Prado R. R., Privitera P., Prouza M., Purrello V., Quel E. J., Querchfeld S., Quinn S., Rautenberg J., Ravel O., Ravignani D., Revenu B., Ridky J., Riggi S., Risse M., Ristori P., Rizi V., Rodrigues de Carvalho W., Rodriguez Fernandez G., Rodriguez Rojo J., Rodríguez-Frías M. D., Rogozin D., Rosado J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A. C., Saffi S. J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Saleh A., Salesa Greus F., Salina G., Sánchez F., Sanchez-Lucas P., Santos E., Santos E. M., Sarazin F., Sarkar B., Sarmento R., Sato R., Scarso C., Schauer M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schiffer P., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schoorlemmer H., Schovánek P., Schröder F. G., Schulz A., Schulz J., Schumacher J., Sciutto S. J., Segreto A., Settimo M., Shadkam A., Shellard R. C., Sidelnik I., Sigl G., Sima O., Śmiałkowski A., Šmída R., Snow G. R., Sommers P., Sorokin J., Squartini R., Srivastava Y. N., Stanca D., Stanič S., Stapleton J., Stasielak J., Stephan M., Stutz A., Suarez F., Suomijärvi T., Supanitsky A. D., Sutherland M. S., Swain J., Szadkowski Z., Taborda O. A., Tapia A., Tepe A., Theodoro V. M., Tiffenberg J., Timmermans C., Todero Peixoto C. J., Toma G., Tomankova L., Tomé B., Tonachini A., Torralba Elipe G., Torres Machado D., Travnicek P., Ulrich R., Unger M., Urban M., Valdés Galicia J. F., Valiño I., Valore L., van Aar G., van Bodegom P., van den Berg A. M., van Velzen S., van Vliet A., Varela E., Vargas Cárdenas B., Varner G., Vasquez R., Vázquez J. R., Vázquez R. A., Veberič D., Verzi V., Vicha J., Videla M., Villaseñor L., Vlcek B., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Wainberg O., Walz D., Watson A. A., Weber M., Weidenhaupt K., Weindl A., Werner F., Widom A., Wiencke L., Wilczyński H., Winchen T., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Wykes S., Yang L., Yapici T., Yushkov A., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zepeda A., Zhu Y., Zimmermann B., Ziolkowski M., Zuccarello F., Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Pierre Auger, ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), European Project: 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET(2011), European Project: 328826,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF,AUGER2FUTURE(2013), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Samarai, I. Al, Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez Muniz, J., Batista, R. Alve, Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Aranda, V. M., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. M., Barber, K. B., Bäuml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blumer, H., Bohačova, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceicao, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Almeida, R. M. De, Domenico, M. De, Jong, S. J. De, De Mello Neto, J. R. T., Mitri, I. De, Oliveira, J. De, Souza, V. De, Peral, L. Del, Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Giulio, C. Di, Matteo, A. Di, Diaz, J. C., Castro, M. L. Diaz, Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorofeev, A., Hasankiadeh, Q. Dorosti, Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Luis, P. Facal San, Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fernandes, M., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fox, B. D., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Frohlich, U., Fuchs, B., Fujii, T., Gaior, R., Garcia, B., Gamez, D. Garcia, Pinto, D. Garcia, Garilli, G., Bravo, A. Gascon, Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Berisso, M. Gomez, Vitale, P. F. Gomez, Goncalves, P., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Hartmann, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Horandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Josebachuili, M., Kaapa, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kromer, O., Hansen, D. Kruppke, Kuempel, D., Kunka, N., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Coz, S. Le, Leao, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopez, R., Louedec, K., Bahilo, J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Malacari, M., Maldera, S., Mallamaci, M., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martinez, Martraire, D., Meza, J. J. Masia, Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurel, D., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Tanco, G. Medina, Meissner, R., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Meyhandan, R., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Bueno, L. Molina, Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Ragaigne, D. Monnier, Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafa, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Muller, G., Muller, S., Munchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. H., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Oliveira, M., Pacheco, N., Dei, D. Pakk Selmi, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrov, Y., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Purrello, V., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Carvalho, W. Rodrigues De, Fernandez, G. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Frias, M. D. Rodriguez, Rogozin, D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Salina, G., Sanchez, F., Lucas, P. Sanchez, Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Sima, O., ͆miałkowski, A., Šmada, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Elipe, G. Torralba, Machado, D. Torre, Travnicek, P., Trovato, E., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdé, Valino, I., Valore, Laura, Aar, G. Van, Bodegom, P. Van, Berg, A. M. Van Den, Velzen, S. Van, Vliet, A. Van, Varela, E., Cardenas, B. Varga, Varner, G., Vazquez, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Nor, L. Villase, Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zhou, J., Zhu, Y., Silva, M. Zimbre, Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie ( LPSC ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay ( USN ), Observatoire de Paris-Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes ( SUBATECH ), Mines Nantes ( Mines Nantes ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02/10-LABX-0063,ILP,Institute Lagrange of Paris ( 2011 ), European Project : 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET ( 2011 ), European Project : 328826,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF,AUGER2FUTURE ( 2013 ), UNIVERSIDADE DE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Ahn, E. . J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. . F. . M., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Aranda, V. . M., Arsene, N., Badescu, A. . M., Barber, K. . B., Beatty, J. . J., Becker, K. . H., Bellido, J. . A., Bertaina, M. . E., Biermann, P. . L., Blaess, S. . G., Blanco, A., Bleve, Carla, Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Brown, W. . C., Caballero Mora, K. . S., Chavez, A. . G., Chinellato, J. . A., Clay, R. . W., Colalillo, R., Coluccia, MARIA RITA, Conceição, R., Cooper, M. . J., Covault, C. . E., Dawson, B. . R., de Almeida, R. . M., de Jong, S. . J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. . R. . T., DE MITRI, Ivan, de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., del Peral, L., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. . C., Díaz Castro, M. . L., D’Olivo, J. . C., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Dova, M. . T., Escobar, C. . O., Fauth, A. . C., Ferguson, A. . P., Figueira, J. . M., Fox, B. . D., Freire, M. . M., García, B., Garcia Pinto, D., Gherghel Lascu, A., Ghia, P. . L., Głas, D., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. . F., González, N., Grillo, A. . F., Grubb, T. . D., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. . P., Hampel, M. . R., Harrison, T. . A., Harton, J. . L., Herve, A. . E., Hill, G. . C., Hörandel, J. . R., Hrabovský, M., Isar, P. . G., Johnsen, J. . A., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. . H., Kieckhafer, R. . M., Klages, H. . O., Krömer, O., Le Coz, S., Leigui de Oliveira, M. . A., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Mariazzi, A. . G., Mariş, I. . C., Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martínez Bravo, O., Masías Meza, J. . J., Mathes, H. . J., Matthews, J. . A. . J., Mazur, P. . O., Medina Tanco, G., Mello, V. . B. . B., Micheletti, M. . I., Minaya, I. . A., Molina Bueno, L., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. . A., Muller, M. . A., Müller, G., Müller, S., Navarro, J. . L., Nguyen, P. . H., Niculescu Oglinzanu, M., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Pȩkala, J., Pepe, I. . M., Perrone, Lorenzo, Prado, R. . R., Quel, E. . J., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez Frías, M. . D., Rovero, A. . C., Saffi, S. . J., Salesa Greus, F., Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santos, E. . M., Scarso, C., Schauer, M., Scherini, Viviana, Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. . G., Sciutto, S. . J., Shellard, R. . C., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. . R., Srivastava, Y. . N., Stanca, D., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. . D., Sutherland, M. . S., Taborda, O. . A., Theodoro, V. . M., Tiffenberg, J., Todero Peixoto, C. . J., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Valdés Galicia, J. . F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Aar, G., van Bodegom, P., van den Berg, A. . M., van Velzen, S., van Vliet, A., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Vasquez, R., Vázquez, J. . R., Vázquez, R. . A., Villaseñor, L., Watson, A. . A., Yang, L., and Zimmermann, B.
Subjects: acceleration of particles, astroparticle physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Upper Limit, Astronomy, Ciencias Físicas, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Field, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Otras Ciencias Físicas, 01 natural sciences, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Observatory, Spectrum, 0103 physical sciences, acceleration of particles, astroparticle physics, Surface Detector, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, acceleration of particle, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Array, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [ PHYS.ASTR.HE ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], astroparticle physic, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ASTROFÍSICA, Nuclei, Space and Planetary Science, Experimental High Energy Physics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Catalog, Sky, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract: We analyze the distribution of arrival directions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays recorded at the Pierre Auger Observatory in 10 years of operation. The data set, about three times larger than that used in earlier studies, includes arrival directions with zenith angles up to $80^\circ$, thus covering from $-90^\circ$ to $+45^\circ$ in declination. After updating the fraction of events correlating with the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the V��ron-Cetty and V��ron catalog, we subject the arrival directions of the data with energies in excess of 40 EeV to different tests for anisotropy. We search for localized excess fluxes and for self-clustering of event directions at angular scales up to $30^\circ$ and for different threshold energies between 40~EeV and 80~EeV. We then look for correlations of cosmic rays with celestial structures both in the Galaxy (the Galactic Center and Galactic Plane) and in the local Universe (the Super-Galactic Plane). We also examine their correlation with different populations of nearby extragalactic objects: galaxies in the 2MRS catalog, AGNs detected by Swift-BAT, radio galaxies with jets and the Centaurus~A galaxy. None of the tests shows a statistically significant evidence of anisotropy. The strongest departures from isotropy (post-trial probability ${\sim}1.4$\%) are obtained for cosmic rays with $E>58$~EeV in rather large windows around Swift AGNs closer than 130~Mpc and brighter than $10^{44}$~erg/s (18$^\circ$ radius) and around the direction of Centaurus~A (15$^\circ$ radius)., Replaced with published version. Added Journal reference and DOI
Published: 2015
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290. MR imaging of the cervical spine: assessment of image quality with parallel imaging compared to non-accelerated MR measurements

Author: Stefan O. Schoenberg, Herwig Imhof, Christian Glaser, Iris-M. Noebauer-Huhmann, Claus-Peter Wallner, Wolfgang Klinger, and Olaf Dietrich
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Phantoms, Imaging, business.industry, Image quality, Ultrasound, General Medicine, Image Enhancement, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cervical spine, Statistics, Nonparametric, Sagittal plane, Imaging phantom, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cervical Vertebrae, medicine, Image noise, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Radiology, Parallel imaging, business, Nuclear medicine, Neuroradiology
Abstract: To compare the quality of cervical spine MR images obtained by parallel imaging [generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA)] with those of non-accelerated imaging, we conducted both phantom studies and examinations of ten volunteers at 1.5Tesla with a dedicated 12-element coil system and a head-spine-neck coil combination. Acquisitions included axial T2-weighted (T2w) images with both methods, and sagittal T2w and T1w images in vivo with the latter coil combination. Non-accelerated MRI with two averages and GRAPPA (acceleration factor 2) with two averages (GRAPPA/2AV, time reduction of approximately 50%) and four averages (GRAPPA/4AV) were compared. In the phantom, the signal-to-noise ratio of the GRAPPA/2AV was lower than that of the other two settings. In vivo, the image inhomogeneity (non-uniformity, NU) was significantly higher in T2w GRAPPA/2AV than in both other settings, and in T1w GRAPPA/2AV compared to GRAPPA/4AV. Subjectively, the delineation of anatomical structures was sufficient in all sequences. Only the spinal cord was considered to be better delineable on the non-accelerated T1w sequence compared to GRAPPA/2AV. In part, GRAPPA/4AV performed better than the other settings. The subjective image noise was lowest with GRAPPA/4AV. In cervical spine MRI, the examination time can be reduced by nearly 42% with GRAPPA, while preserving sufficient image quality.
Published: 2006
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291. Die prä- und postoperative radiologische Evaluation der Kniegelenkendoprothese

Author: Volkmar Jansson, Christian Glaser, Andreas Fottner, Farhad Mazoochian, M. F. Reiser, S. M. Hauptmann, M. Triantafyllou, and C. von Schulze Pellengahr
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Chirurgie orthopedique, medicine.medical_treatment, Total knee arthroplasty, Interventional radiology, Prosthesis, Orthopedic surgery, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, business, Articulation (phonetics), Nuclear medicine, Neuroradiology
Abstract: Die Implantation eines kunstlichen Kniegelenks ist nach wie vor eine anspruchsvolle Operation. Einen „Goldstandard“ gibt es bis heute nicht, obwohl vielfach Richtlinien der Knieendoprothetik aufgestellt werden. Deshalb soll dieser Artikel dem Radiologen einen Uberblick und Hintergrundinformation uber die radiologische Evaluation der Knieendoprothetik geben.
Published: 2006
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292. Einfluss eines PACS-/RIS-integrierten Spracherkennungssystems auf den Zeitaufwand der Erstellung und die Verfügbarkeit radiologischer Befunde

Author: M. Francke, S. Nissen-Meyer, B. Küttner, Alexander Crispin, Christoph G. Trumm, P. Popp, Christian Glaser, V. Paasche, and M. F. Reiser
Subjects: Equal time, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Dictation, Cost effectiveness, business.industry, Significant difference, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, In patient, business, Nuclear medicine
Abstract: PURPOSE Quantification of the impact of a PACS/RIS-integrated speech recognition system (SRS) on the time expenditure for radiology reporting and on hospital-wide report availability (RA) in a university institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a prospective pilot study, the following parameters were assessed for 669 radiographic examinations (CR): 1. time requirement per report dictation (TED: dictation time (s)/number of images [examination] x number of words [report]) with either a combination of PACS/tape-based dictation (TD: analog dictation device/mini-cassette/transcription) or PACS/RIS/speech recognition system (RR: remote recognition/transcription and OR: online recognition/self-correction by radiologist), respectively, and 2. the Report Turnaround Time (RTT) as the time interval from the entry of the first image into the PACS to the available RIS/HIS report. Two equal time periods were chosen retrospectively from the RIS database: 11/2002 - 2/2003 (only TD) and 11/2003 - 2/2004 (only RR or OR with speech recognition system [SRS]). The mid-term (> or = 24 h, 24 h intervals) and short-term (< 24 h, 1 h intervals) RA after examination completion were calculated for all modalities and for CR, CT, MR and XA/DS separately. The relative increase in the mid-term RA (RIMRA: related to total number of examinations in each time period) and increase in the short-term RA (ISRA: ratio of available reports during the 1st to 24th hour) were calculated. RESULTS Prospectively, there was a significant difference between TD/RR/OR (n = 151/257/261) regarding mean TED (0.44/0.54/0.62 s [per word and image]) and mean RTT (10.47/6.65/1.27 h), respectively. Retrospectively, 37 898/39 680 reports were computed from the RIS database for the time periods of 11/2002 - 2/2003 and 11/2003 - 2/2004. For CR/CT there was a shift of the short-term RA to the first 6 hours after examination completion (mean cumulative RA 20 % higher) with a more than three-fold increase in the total number of available reports within 24 hours (all modalities). The RIMRA for CR/CT/MR was 3.1/5.8/4.0 in the first 24 hours, and 2.0 for XA/DS in the second 24-hour interval. CONCLUSION In comparison to tape-based dictation, an SRS results in a significantly higher primary time expenditure and a modified report dictation workflow. In a university institution, a PACS/RIS-integrated SRS achieves a marked improvement in both short- and mid-term RA which eventually results in an improvement in patient care.
Published: 2006
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293. Knorpelbildgebung

Author: Christian Glaser
Subjects: business.industry, Cartilage, Joint surface, Delayed Gadolinium Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cartilage, Joint effusion, medicine.anatomical_structure, Subchondral bone, High spatial resolution, Medicine, High bandwidth, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, medicine.symptom, Cartilage repair, business, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: The motivation for cartilage repair is the preservation of adequate joint motion. Repairing joint surface congruity and providing balanced load bearing are crucial for this. MRI can contribute to this goal by describing number, depth, size, and distribution of cartilage lesions throughout the different joint compartments. Essential to such a contribution are adequate spatial resolution at a reasonable SNR together with good contrast between both cartilage and the subchondral bone as well as the joint space. For TSE sequences, this is achieved using TEs between 30 and 50 ms. Diagnostic accuracy is optimal when a lesion is depicted in more than one plane. Short TE, high bandwidth, and the appropriate orientation of the frequency encoding direction contribute to minimizing metal artifacts. Besides internal alterations of the cartilage's matrix, moderately T2-weighted TSE sequences sensitively depict bone marrow edema such as signal alterations and joint effusion, both contributing to highlight even subtle cartilage lesions. T1-weighted FS/WE 3D GE sequences profit from their high spatial resolution to appreciate gradual erosion of the cartilage. In OD the interface to the surrounding bone, the integrity of the overlying cartilage, and associated cysts are used to determine stability. The presence of two or more findings increases diagnostic accuracy. Prognosis is associated with the size of the affected area.
Published: 2006
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294. Meniskus- und Bandläsionen

Author: Christoph G. Trumm, J. Scheidler, Christian Glaser, and Andreas Heuck
Subjects: Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, business
Abstract: Das Knie ist vergleichsweise exponiert gegenuber Traumata. Sein Kapsel-Band-Apparat ist ein wesentlicher Faktor fur die Gelenkstabilitat. Umgekehrt erhoht persistierende Instabilitat das Risiko fur die Arthroseentstehung, und entsprechende Schadigungen mussen zeitnah und umfassend diagnostiziert werden. Die MRT-Abklarung mit (T)SE-Sequenzen in allen 3 Hauptebenen als Basisprotokoll ist empfehlenswert. Vor allem fettsupprimierte Sequenzen (STIR/T2w, PD-FS-TSE) sind nutzlich, da sie sehr sensitiv knochenmarkodemahnliche Veranderungen (BMEP) erfassen. Dieser Befund lenkt oft erst die Aufmerksamkeit des Radiologen auf die — manchmal nur diskreten, weit weniger ins Auge fallenden — zugrunde liegenden Pathologien. In typischer topographischer Verteilung und gibt Aufschluss uber den Unfallmechanismus und damit Hinweise auf andere assoziierte Verletzungen des Kapsel-Band-Apparats oder der Menisken. BMEP ist sehr ausgedehnt bei Kontusionsverletzungen, bei avulsiven Lasionen jedoch meist sehr diskret. Zu den Zeichen, moglichen Fallstricken und die Treffsicherheit der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) fur die Diagnose spezifischer Verletzungen wie Meniskus-, Kreuz- oder Kollateralbandrissen existiert eine Fulle von Literatur. Allerdings ist die kombinierte Verletzung mehrerer der genannten Strukturen haufig und beeinflusst die Therapieentscheidung. Dementsprechend ist es Aufgabe des Radiologen, uber die Erfassung einer einzelnen Lasion hinauszugehen und eine umfassende Beschreibung aller verletzten Strukturen zu geben. Voraussetzung dafur ist die Kenntnis der — manchmal komplexen — Anatomie und typischer Verletzungskonstellationen.
Published: 2006
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295. Digitales Lehrarchiv

Author: M. F. Reiser, Christoph G. Trumm, Dirk A. Clevert, B. Küttner, A. Lucke, Martin Dugas, E. Pander, Marcus Treitl, Christian Glaser, and Stefan Wirth
Subjects: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Abstract: Ein filmbasiertes radiologisches Lehrarchiv erfordert einen hohen personellen, logistischen und finanziellen Aufwand. Die Verbindung von Computer- und Netzwerktechnologie erlaubt mittlerweile die sog. „Workflowintegration“ der Verbreitung radiologischer Lehrfalle innerhalb einer Institution (Intranet) oder im World Wide Web (Internet).
Published: 2005
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296. In vivo cartilage deformation after different types of activity and its dependence on physical training status

Author: Martin Hudelmaier, Ch Gratzke, B Lemberger, Felix Eckstein, M. F. Reiser, Christian Glaser, and K.-H. Englmeier
Subjects: Adult, Cartilage, Articular, Male, musculoskeletal diseases, Knee Joint, Anterior cruciate ligament, Immunology, Osteoarthritis, medicine.disease_cause, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Weight-bearing, Weight-Bearing, Rheumatology, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Range of Motion, Articular, Exercise, Orthodontics, business.industry, Cartilage, technology, industry, and agriculture, Biomechanics, Patella, Anatomy, musculoskeletal system, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Biomechanical Phenomena, Extended Report, Transplantation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, business, human activities
Abstract: Background: Knowledge of the deformational behaviour of articular cartilage in vivo is required to understand the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and the mechanical target environment of prospective cartilage transplant recipients. Objectives: To study the in vivo deformational behaviour of patellar and femorotibial cartilage for different types of physiological activities; and to test the hypothesis that in vivo deformation of cartilage is modified by intense physical exercise. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging and 3D digital image analysis were used to determine cartilage volume before and after physical activity in the patella of 12 volunteers (knee bends, squatting, normal gait, running, cycling). Deformation of femorotibial cartilage was investigated in 10 subjects (knee bends, static compression, high impact loading). Patellar cartilage deformation after knee bends was compared in seven professional weight lifters, seven sprinters, and 14 untrained volunteers. Results: Patellar cartilage deformation was –5.9% after knee bends, –4.7% after squatting, –2.8% after normal walking, –5.0% after running, and –4.5% after cycling. The pattern of patellar cartilage deformation corresponded to the range of motion involved in the particular activity. Tibial cartilage deformation was greatest under high impact loading (–7%), but small for other activities. No significant difference was found between athletes and non-athletic controls. Conclusions: Patellar cartilage deformation shows a "dose dependent" response, where more intense loading leads to greater deformation. Relatively little deformation was observed in the femorotibial joint, except during high impact activities. The findings provide no evidence that adult human cartilage properties are amendable to training effects in vivo.
Published: 2005
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297. Measuring Cartilage Morphology with Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author: Christian Glaser and Felix Eckstein
Subjects: Cartilage, Articular, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Magnetic resonance microscopy, Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, Cartilage, Reproducibility of Results, Delayed Gadolinium Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cartilage, Magnetic resonance imaging, Morphology (biology), Osteoarthritis, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Response to treatment, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, medicine.anatomical_structure, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, business, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a three-dimensional imaging technique with unparalleled ability to delineate articular cartilage morphology in health and disease. In this article we will review work on the assessment of cartilage morphology with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and its relevance to the study of cartilage anatomy, physiology, deformation, disease status, disease progression, and response to treatment. The review outlines available pulse sequences and techniques for segmentation and morphological analysis of cartilage morphology. It addresses the accuracy (validity) and precision (reproducibility) of these techniques and summarizes studies on cartilage deformation in intact joints. This article will also review work on determinants and functional adaptation of cartilage morphology and describe changes seen in osteoarthritis. We conclude that fat-suppressed or water excitation gradient-echo magnetic resonance sequences and state-of-the-art digital image analysis techniques display high accuracy and adequate precision for quantitative assessment of cartilage morphology. This renders these techniques powerful and promising tools for cartilage and osteoarthritis research.
Published: 2004
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298. Cartilage atrophy in the knees of patients after seven weeks of partial load bearing

Author: M. Krötz, R. Baumgart, Felix Eckstein, Maximilian F. Reiser, Christian Glaser, M. Krammer, and S. Hinterwimmer
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Cartilage, Immunology, Magnetic resonance imaging, Anatomy, Knee Joint, medicine.disease, Rheumatology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Atrophy, Coronal plane, Internal medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Pharmacology (medical), Patella, sense organs, Tibia, business
Abstract: Objective It is currently unknown whether human cartilage properties change during short periods of partial load bearing. We used a post–ankle fracture model to explore whether changes in cartilage morphology occur in the knee under conditions of partial load bearing. Methods The knees of 20 patients with Weber type B and type C fractures were examined using magnetic resonance imaging. The first scan was obtained shortly (mean ± SD 3.2 ± 3.0 days) after the injury, and a second scan was obtained 7 weeks later (mean ± SD 50.7 ± 5.5 days). The morphology (mean and maximum thickness, volume, and surface area) of the patellar, tibial, and femoral cartilage was determined from coronal and axial magnetic resonance images (fat-suppressed gradient-echo). Results Between week 0 and week 7, the cross-sectional area of the quadriceps muscle was reduced by 11% (P< 0.001). Changes in the mean (±SD) cartilage thickness ranged from −2.9 ± 3.2% in the patella to −6.6 ± 4.9% in the medial tibia. No significant change in cartilage morphology of the contralateral knee was observed. Conclusion Results of this study demonstrate that in a post–ankle fracture model of partial load bearing, cartilage morphology in all knee compartments is subject to significant change. Changes in the femorotibial joint exceeded those in the patella, whereas no change was observed in the contralateral knee. These findings raise the question of whether cartilage is mechanically less competent and particularly vulnerable after states of partial or complete immobilization.
Published: 2004
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299. Wettbewerbsfaktor Vertrieb bei Finanzdienstleistern : Ein ganzheitliches Konzept zur Sales Excellence

Author: Christian Glaser and Christian Glaser
Subjects: Financial services industry--Germany
Abstract: Der Ausspruch'Der Wettbewerb wird im Vertrieb gewonnen'ist weit mehr als nur eine leere Floskel und zeigt bereits die Wichtigkeit einer Exzellenz in allen für den Vertriebserfolg relevanten Organisations- und Funktionsbereichen. Dieses Buch richtet sich vor allem an Entscheider und Mitarbeiter im Vertrieb, die sich intensiv mit dem Gedanken der Vertriebssteuerung und des Vertriebsmanagements auseinandersetzen. Ziel des Buches ist es, einzelne Spotlights, unterstützt durch praktische Tipps und Umsetzungsbeispiele, aufzuzeigen. Hierdurch soll auch der Transfer auf das eigene Unternehmen maßgeblich erleichtert werden.
Published: 2013

300. Femoro-tibial cartilage metrics from coronal MR image data: Technique, test-retest reproducibility, and findings in osteoarthritis

Author: Maximilian F. Reiser, Rainer Burgkart, Karl-Hans Englmeier, Andrea Kutschera, Felix Eckstein, and Christian Glaser
Subjects: Adult, Cartilage, Articular, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Osteoarthritis, Knee Joint, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Femur, Tibia, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Cartilage, Reproducibility of Results, Middle Aged, Osteoarthritis, Knee, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Arthroplasty, Sagittal plane, medicine.anatomical_structure, Coronal plane, Female, Radiology, business
Abstract: MRI-based measures of cartilage morphology are being increasingly used as surrogate markers in osteoarthritis. In contrast to other knee joint surfaces, quantitative analysis of the femoral condyles from sagittal MRI suffers from limited precision. The objective, therefore, was to develop a technique for reproducible assessment of femoral cartilage morphology from coronal image data. Coronal MR images (3D T1-w FLASHwe) of the knee were obtained in 16 healthy volunteers and in 7 patients with severe osteoarthritis (OA, prior to knee arthroplasty), with repositioning between repeated scans. After segmentation the cartilage volume, thickness, and joint surface areas were quantified in the tibia and in an anatomically defined region of the femoral condyle. Immediate test-retest interscan precision errors (CV%) for femoral cartilage volume were 3.0% (SD = 26 μl) and 3.2% (29 μl) medially and laterally in volunteers, and 3.0% (34 μl) and 7.0% (37 μl) in OA patients. The estimated loss, from cross sectional data, in the patients in the medial femoral condyle (–61%/–4.4 SD) was higher than that in the medial tibia (–45%/–3.1 SD) and compared favorably with precision errors (ratio > 16:1). The technique proposed overcomes some of the problems associated with sagittal scans and thus shows high promise for reliable assessment of femoro-tibial cartilage loss in OA. Magn Reson Med 50:1229–1236, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Published: 2003
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