Search

Gallium nitride (GaN) is exceedingly apposite for liquid-based sensor applications because of their high internal piezoelectric polarization, chemical and high temperature stability. In this work, the interaction between GaN and H2O has been investigated using a novel methodology. We report the fabrication of single crystal GaN lamella with thickness of few hundreds of nanometer using focused ion-beam milling technique, for sensing applications. Results signify that the device resistivity increases with time at room temperature during the GaN-H2O interaction. Such a change in electrical resistivity is explained based on the electron transfer and electrochemical reactions at the surface of GaN. Study of the surface chemistry transformation of the tested GaN lamella is conducted using high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. EDS and EELS results signify the presence of a region containing Ga and O at the interface of the H2O/GaN which is a result due to the adsorption of molecular H2O and its dissociation products implying the occurrence of GaN-water reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design of a novel multi-ring vibratory gyroscope. The design incorporates two sets of rings, inner and outer, separated by a set of perforated inertial masses and connected to the outermost anchors by the means of springs. The structure's performance is enhanced by utilizing springs with bends that play a significant role in reducing the device's sensitivity to external shocks. The amalgamation of multiple rings with the C-shaped springs provides higher sensitivity with high shock resistance that makes this multi-vibrating ring gyroscope an ideal inertial sensor for space applications. Such a structure yields in-plane flexural modes that are utilized to sense rotation along the axis normal to the structure's plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inactivation of DNA mismatch repair propels colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis. CRCs exhibiting elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST) show reduced nuclear MutS homolog 3 (MSH3) expression with surrounding inflammation and portends poor patient outcomes. MSH3 reversibly exits from the nucleus to the cytosol in response to the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), suggesting that MSH3 may be a shuttling protein. Here, we manipulated three putative nuclear localization (NLS1-3) and two potential nuclear export signals (NES1-2) within MSH3. We found that both NLS1 and NLS2 possess nuclear import function, with NLS1 responsible for nuclear localization within full49 length MSH3. We also found that NES1 and NES2 work synergistically to maximize nuclear export, with both being required for IL-6-induced MSH3 export. We examined a 27-bp deletion (27bp) within the polymorphic exon 1 that occurs frequently in human CRC cells and neighbors NLS1. With oxidative stress, 27bpMSH3 localizes to the cytoplasm, suggesting that NLS1 function in 27bpMSH3 is compromised. Overall, MSH3's shuttling in response to inflammation enables accumulation in the cytoplasm; reduced nuclear MSH3 increases EMAST and DNA damage. We suggest that polymorphic sequences adjacent to NLS1 may enhance cytosolic retention, which has clinical implications for inflammatory-driven neoplastic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to present a historical review of the Bible translation of Baptist missionaries in China before the publication of the Chinese Union Version (CUV) in early twentieth century, especially the significance of the Baptist translations in this period. This study will also discuss the differences in translation approaches and practices of the Baptists from other denominations. The history of Chinese Bible translation by the Baptists started when English Baptist missionary Joshua Marshman (1768–1837) and his Armenian helper Johannes Lassar (1781–1835?) published their translation of the whole Bible in 1822 in Serampore. In the 1840s, the Protestant missionaries from different countries and missions decided to translate the Bible into classical Chinese with standardised terminologies for the names and terms in the Bible. This version was known as the Delegates' Version and was the most important project of common Bible before the CUV. However, it uncovered heavy hiccup and disputes in translating, especially the difficulties in translating religious terms into Chinese. Their biggest point of contention was which, Shen or Shangdi, was the suitable translation of the word "God." Furthermore, the Baptists insisted Shen as well as Jin (which meant "immerse") for baptism, while the others recommended Xi (which meant "wash"). In the end, the Baptists withdrew from the translation committee and translated several versions in classical Chinese only by themselves between the 1840s and the 1870s. Until the early twentieth century, Baptist missionaries dedicated themselves to translating the Bible into various Chinese dialects. Although the Baptists had excellent achievements in the history of Bible translation, they had only played an insignificant role in the project of the CUV and shared the consequent of the CUV after its publication. This paper aims to investigate the work of the Baptists in several aspects, including their translation approaches and problems as well as their significance in the history of Chinese Bible translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Case: We report the first documented case of chylous leak recognized intraoperatively during posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion for juvenile scoliosis in a female patient with a history of thoracotomy and decortication for an empyema. Conclusions: Thoracic duct injury can lead to severe morbidity and mortality because of chylothorax formation. Although chylous leaks are a well-documented complication of the anterior approach to spine surgery, leaks during the posterior approach are rarely reported. When these chylous leaks are recognized intraoperatively, the likelihood of serious complications may be minimized by drain placement before closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) micro-particles were synthesized using hydrothermal method with two different Fe precursors (FeSO4 and FeCl2). Freestanding and flexible LiFePO4/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite electrodes were prepared using surface-engineered tape-casting method. FeSO4 precursor-based composite electrode exhibited improved electrical and electrochemical performances compared with the FeCl2 precursor-based composite electrode. A maximum electrical conductivity of 1.54 × 103 Scm−1 has been obtained for FeSO4 precursor-based LiFePO4 micro-particles at 75 °C. LiFePO4/MWCNT composite electrode exhibited better capacity (~ 126 mAhg−1 at 0.1 C rate) and electrochemical reversibility in line with the results on the literature. Moreover, after 100 cycles at the rate of 1 C, specific capacity of around 105 mAhg−1 and retention rate of ~ 99% were achieved. The improved performance of LiFePO4/MWCNT composite electrode after 100 cycles leads to analyze extensive electrochemical properties and ex situ studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report the effect of geometric parameters by calculating the capacitance scale factor of micromachined vibrating wheel on gimbal gyroscope with various shapes and mass conditions. The behavior of capacitance for vibratory torsional gyroscope with various shapes and mass conditions is investigated using MEMS+™. The structure dimensions of the gyroscope are optimized by matching frequencies in driving and sensing modes. The scale factor and linearity error extracted by calculated capacitance have been changed with various shapes condition unless the area of sensing electrodes and the mass of the gyroscope have been fixed. The mass ratio of gimbal and wheel structure is varied to minimize the linearity error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]