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Aims: The aims are to describe the key components of family integrated care intervention for preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and assess the impact on breastfeeding outcomes for those infants. Design: A scoping review. Methods: We conducted a systematic study search based on the databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, CNKI and Wanfang Database in December 2022. The search time ranged from database establishment to 31 December 2022. Papers by manual searching were also listed on the references. We adopted Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual methodology and followed the PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) to conduct the review. Two independent reviewers filtered the papers, extracted data and synthesized the findings. A table was used to extract data and synthesize results. Results: After systematic searching, 11 articles that implemented family integrated care (FIcare) were finally included in this scoping review. By analysing the implementation of this nursing model, we identified seven main components: NICU staff training, parent education, parent participation in infants' care, parent involvement in medical plans, peer support, NICU environmental support and mobile app for parents. Based on the extracted breastfeeding data, this scoping review concludes that family integrated care shows a positive effect on increasing breastfeeding rates at discharge. Through this scoping review, we find that family integrated care is feasible and it can support breastfeeding of preterm infants. Further studies will be needed to provide more evidence that family integrated care could facilitate breastfeeding of preterm infants. Impact: This scoping review provides evidence for the positive role of family integrated care on breastfeeding outcomes. The analysis may contribute to the implementation of family integrated care. No patient or public contribution: No further public or patient contribution was made in view of the review‐based nature of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The editorial from the Journal of General Internal Medicine discusses the challenges faced by healthcare professionals who are mothers returning to work after childbirth. The article presents two perspectives: a new mom exclusively breastfeeding and a mid-career leader who used breastmilk and formula. It highlights the need for better support systems and accommodations for working mothers, emphasizing self-care, setting priorities, and identifying early accommodations. The authors stress the importance of kindness towards oneself and the need for leaders to listen, support, and advocate for new parents in the workplace. [Extracted from the article]

The article "The Little Voice in My Head" published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine explores the challenges faced by physician mothers in balancing motherhood and their medical careers. The author reflects on her own struggles with exclusive pumping, feelings of guilt, and imposter syndrome. The article emphasizes the need for society to recognize and address the mental load, inequity, and bias experienced by physician mothers. Through honest conversations and sharing experiences, the author suggests that normalizing these struggles can provide validation and support to those navigating the complexities of being both a mother and a doctor. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a randomized trial that aimed to assess routine nutritional interventions for moderate-to-late preterm infants. The study examined three interventions and assessed body fat percentage and time to full enteral feeding. The study found no significant differences in these outcomes. The authors conclude that routine nutritional interventions do not affect time to full enteral feeds or body composition at 4 months corrected age. The study also adds to the growing literature on the addition of smell and taste during tube feedings, finding minimal adverse effects but little identified benefit. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the crucial role anesthesiologists can play in supporting breastfeeding during the perioperative period. Topics include the significant health benefits of breastfeeding for both infants and mothers, the historical misinformation regarding breastfeeding post-anesthesia, and the introduction of a video-based education initiative aimed at providing timely support for lactating patients undergoing surgery.

The article reports on the number of people that faced hunger in 2023, according to the "State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World" report published on July 24, 2024 by five United Nations specialized agencies.

This article discusses the relationship between breastfeeding promotion and admissions for neonatal jaundice (NNJ) in Hong Kong. The government and non-governmental organizations have made efforts to promote breastfeeding, resulting in increased breastfeeding rates. However, the study found that admissions for NNJ in infants aged 1-3 months have also increased during the same period. This suggests that prolonged breastmilk jaundice may be an unintended consequence of successful breastfeeding promotion. The authors recommend strengthening breastfeeding support and optimizing NNJ management to maximize the benefits of breastfeeding promotion. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background and Aims Breastfeeding education and support have the potential to improve breastfeeding outcomes. However, there is a lack of research on the impact of breastfeeding education on predominant breastfeeding in Nepal and other South Asian countries. This study aimed to report the rate of predominant breastfeeding at the first, fourth, and sixth months of birth and examine the influence of breastfeeding promotion on predominant breastfeeding. Methods A community‐based prospective cohort study was conducted in western Nepal. A total of 735 mother‐infant pairs were recruited within 30 days of childbirth and followed up at the fourth and sixth months to collect data on infant feeding practices. Results The rate of predominant breastfeeding at first, fourth, and sixth months were 88.6% (N = 735), 78.2% (N = 715), and 26.3% (N = 711), respectively, showing a significant decline with infant age. Mothers who received support on breastfeeding skills (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 2.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.73−3.75), those who received advice on keeping mother‐infant together (AOR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.14−4.22) and who had initiated breastfeeding within 1 h of childbirth (AOR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.73−3.75), and who were educated, had higher likelihood of predominant breastfeeding at sixth month. Conclusion This study asserts a need for continuous and focused breastfeeding promotion programs to educate and support lactating mothers.

Background: Despite the fact that the Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health (2016–2030) recognises the special importance of care for women during the postpartum period, thus highlighting the need to identify and measure any condition that may affect the welfare of pregnant women in any way, this is one of the most neglected stages in the health system. Given the absence in our area of global, efficient instruments, the objective of this study was to design a complete, specific measurement tool with good metric qualities in digital format for the evaluation of self-reported health and well-being during the puerperium, to conform to what was proposed by the ICHOM. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of a digital measurement tool. The development of the tool was carried out in 4 steps, following the recommendations of the International Test Commission. It was tested on 280 puerperas attending primary healthcare appointments in the Basque Healthcare System (Osakidetza), and they did the newly created survey, answering all the questions that had been selected as the gold standard. The average age of the women was 34.93 (SD = 4.80). The analysis of the psychometric characteristics was based on mixed procedures of expert judgment (a focus group of healthcare professionals, an item evaluation questionnaire and interviews with users) and quantitative evaluations (EFA, CFA, and correlation with gold standard, ordinal alpha and McDonald's omega). Results: The final version of the tool comprised 99 items that evaluate functional state, incontinence, sexuality, breastfeeding, adaptation to the role of mother and mental health, and all of these questions can be used globally or partially. It was found that the scores were valid and reliable, which gives metric guarantees for using the tool in our area. Conclusions: The use of this comprehensive concise tool with good psychometric properties will allow women to take stock of their situation, assess if they have the necessary resources, in psychological and social terms, and work together with midwives and other healthcare professionals on the most deficient areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: WHO recommends attending minimum four ANC consultations during pregnancy to ensure early detection of complications. The objective of this study was to quantify ANC attendance and factors associated with it. Methods: Participants were randomly selected using the WHO Cluster survey methodology in Southern and Central Somalia. A paper-print questionnaire was used to collect all data. Outcomes of interest were: access to at least one ANC consultation, completion of at least four ANC consultations, initiation of breastfeeding and place of delivery, while exposures included factors related to the latest pregnancy and demographic characteristics. Associations were assessed through logistic regression. Results: Seven hundred ninety-two women answered the questionnaire; 85% attended at least one and 23% at least four ANC consultations, 95% started breastfeeding and 51% had an institutional delivery. Encouragement to attend ANC increased the odds of attending at least one consultation (aOR = 8.22, 95%CI 4.36–15.49), while negative attitude of husband or family decreased the odds (aOR = 0.33, 95%CI 0.16–0.69). Knowing there is a midwife increased the odds of at least four visits (aOR = 1.87, 95%CI 1.03–3.41). Attending at least four consultations increased the odds of delivering in a health structure (aOR = 1.50, 95%CI 1.01–2.24), and attending at least one consultation was associated with higher odds of initiating breastfeeding (aOR = 2.69, 95%CI 1.07–6.74). Conclusions: Family has a strong influence in women's ANC attendance, which increases the likelihood of institutional delivery and initiating breastfeeding. Women and families need to have access to information about benefits and availability of services; potential solutions can include health education and outreach interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To design a health system model for scaling‐up Kangaroo mother care (KMC) and assess its impact on the population‐level coverage and quality of KMC in Uttar Pradesh, India. Methods: We co‐developed the model with mothers and health system stakeholders using human‐centred design over multiple cycles of implementation, learning and data‐driven refinement. Infants with birthweight <2000 g in the study district were prospectively followed to assess the 'effective coverage' of KMC. Effective coverage referred to the proportion of eligible infants receiving ≥8 h of daily skin‐to‐skin contact and exclusive breastfeeding. Results: High delivery load facilities were equipped with a KMC Lounge to ensure comfort, respectful care of mothers and high‐quality KMC over prolonged periods. Systems to ensure weighing at birth, referral of infants with birthweight <2000 g to KMC facilities, initiation of KMC for all stable low birthweight infants, improving quality of care within KMC facilities and supporting families to continue KMC at home post discharge, were integrated into existing services. KMC was initiated in 93.3% of eligible infants with effective coverage of 52.7% and 64.8% at discharge and 7 days post discharge, respectively. Conclusion: The model addressed critical barriers to KMC implementation and adoption, contributing to its scale‐up across the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with excess risk of cardiovascular and thrombotic events in the early post-infection period and during convalescence. Despite the progress in our understanding of cardiovascular complications, uncertainty persists with respect to more recent event rates, temporal trends, association between vaccination status and outcomes, and findings within vulnerable subgroups such as older adults (aged 65 years or older), or those undergoing hemodialysis. Sex-informed findings, including results among pregnant and breastfeeding women, as well as adjusted comparisons between male and female adults are similarly understudied. Adult patients, aged ≥18 years, with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 who received inpatient or outpatient care at the participating centers of the registry are eligible for inclusion. A total of 10,000 patients have been included in this multicenter study, with Brigham and Women's Hospital (Boston, MA) serving as the coordinating center. Other sites include Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Anne Arundel Medical Center, University of Virginia Medical Center, University of Colorado Health System, and Thomas Jefferson University Health System. Data elements will be ascertained manually for accuracy. The two main outcomes are 1) a composite of venous or arterial thrombotic events, and 2) a composite of major cardiovascular events, defined as venous or arterial thrombosis, myocarditis or heart failure with inpatient treatment, new atrial fibrillation/flutter, or cardiovascular death. Clinical outcomes are adjudicated by independent physicians. Vaccination status and time of inclusion in the study will be ascertained for subgroup-specific analyses. Outcomes are pre-specified to be reported separately for hospitalized patients versus those who were initially receiving outpatient care. Outcomes will be reported at 30-day and 90-day follow-up. Data cleaning at the sites and the data coordinating center and outcomes adjudication process are in-progress. The CORONA-VTE-Network study will share contemporary information related to rates of cardiovascular and thrombotic events in patients with COVID-19 overall, as well as within key subgroups, including by time of inclusion, vaccination status, patients undergoing hemodialysis, the elderly, and sex-informed analyses such as comparison of women and men, or among pregnant and breastfeeding women. • Cardiovascular events, mainly thrombosis, have been widely reported in COVID-19. • Recent event rates are unknown, considering vaccination or COVID-19 therapies. • Limited data exist in vulnerable subgroups such as pregnant or breastfeeding patients. • The CORONA-VTE-Network study seeks to address several of such knowledge gaps. • This paper provides an evidence summary of prior studies and the current registry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Breastfeeding Awareness Month and its importance in promoting breast/chestfeeding while addressing cultural and racial barriers. It discusses the benefits of breast/chestfeeding for both feeders and children, as well as the challenges associated with it, including cultural influences and disparities in lactation support for minority groups.

Introduction: Breastfeeding has significant health benefits for infants and birthing persons, including reduced risk of chronic disease. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusively breastfeeding infants for 6 months and recently extended its recommendation for continuing to breastfeed with supplementation of solid foods from one to two years. Studies consistently identify lower breastfeeding rates among US infants, with regional and demographic variability. We examined breastfeeding in birthing person-infant pairs among healthy, term pregnancies enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study between 2010 and 2017 (n = 1176). Methods: Birthing persons 18–45 years old were enrolled during prenatal care visits at ~ 24–28 weeks gestation and have been followed since enrollment. Breastfeeding status was obtained from postpartum questionnaires. Birthing person and infant health and sociodemographic information was abstracted from medical records and prenatal and postpartum questionnaires. We evaluated the effects of birthing person age, education, relationship status, pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain (GWG), smoking and parity, and infant sex, ponderal index, gestational age and delivery mode on breastfeeding initiation and duration using modified Poisson and multivariable linear regression. Results: Among healthy, term pregnancies, 96% of infants were breastfed at least once. Only 29% and 28% were exclusively breastfed at 6-months or received any breastmilk at 12-months, respectively. Higher birthing person age, education, and parity, being married, excessive GWG, and older gestational age at delivery were associated with better breastfeeding outcomes. Smoking, obesity, and cesarean delivery were negatively associated with breastfeeding outcomes. Conclusions: Given the public health importance of breastfeeding for infants and birthing persons, interventions are needed to support birthing persons to extend their breastfeeding duration. Significance: What is already known? The benefits of breastfeeding to child and birthing person health are well-documented, however, rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration continue to fall short of health-based guidelines. Regional differences exist and certain rural New England states tend to have amongst the highest breastfeeding rates in the US. What this study adds? This study of n = 1176 birthing persons-infant pairs enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, a rural, general population pregnancy cohort, suggests that factors influencing breastfeeding outcomes align closely with studies conducted in urban settings and using nationally-representative surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to understand the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on breastfeeding and health promotion actions within primary care from the perception of breastfeeding women. This qualitative study was developed with 24 women who breastfed during the first year of the pandemic. Data were analyzed using Content Analysis and interpreted in the light of the Interactive Breastfeeding Theory (IBT). The pandemic affected the vulnerability of the mental health of breastfeeding women, entailed difficulties for the continuity of breastfeeding and early insertion of formulas, impacted COVID-19 preventive measures in breastfeeding, and produced changes in the work of breastfeeding women. Furthermore, areas for improvement were identified in health promotion actions and the mother-child binomial support due to the interruption of childcare visits. Actions to promote child health in primary care were unsatisfactory. However, most study participants maintained exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, which could adversely affect child morbimortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breastfeeding is recommended for infants through 6 months of age, when solid foods are introduced, and continued until 12 months of age. However, many mothers in the United States discontinue breastfeeding at an early age and return to work following childbirth. The purpose of this study was to identify individual and organizational factors associated with breastfeeding practices in a sample of employed mothers who participated in the Infant Feeding Practices Study II. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted on a sample of 953 employed mothers who completed the Infant Feeding Practices Study II between 2005 and 2007. The analysis compares infant feeding status (breastfeeding/feeding pumped milk vs. not breastfeeding/feeding pumped milk) over a 12-month period, using generalized linear mixed modeling (GLMM). Findings: Generalized linear mixed modeling (GLMM) revealed that working mothers who were employed part-time (≤34 hours/week) were 97% more likely to continue breastfeed compared with mothers employed full-time over the 12-month follow-up period (OR = 1.97, p =.002). Mothers who perceived high levels of breastfeeding support in the workplace were 178% more likely to continue breastfeeding compared with those with low levels of perceived support (OR = 2.78, p <.001). Conclusions: Prenatal breastfeeding only feeding intentions, non-smoking, part-time employment, and higher levels of perceived breastfeeding support in the workplace were significant predictors of breastfeeding/feeding pumped milk at all time points. Application to Practice: Occupational health nurses may be able to address barriers to breastfeeding in the workplace and improve supportive workplace practices to promote continued breastfeeding in employed mothers consistent with national and international recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Health Science Yuksek Ihtisas University / Yüksek İhtisas Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Health Science Yuksek Ihtisas University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding practice for 6 months is a critical global public health goal. In 2020, only 44% of infants globally, 31% in Central and West Africa, and 43% in Ghana, were exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life. Research Aim: To critically evaluate disparities in exclusive breastfeeding practice for 6 months in Ghana. Methods: The scoping review was guided by Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) six-stage scoping review process. The online databases of American Psychological Association PsychInfo (APA PsychInfo), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Scopus were searched with keywords inclusive of Ghana, exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding, infant feeding, lactation, lactating, and exclusive. Eligibility criteria included full-text, peer-reviewed research articles written in the English language without limitation to specific years. Data were analyzed thematically. Results: Initially, 317 records were identified, and 15 full-text articles were eligible for the scoping review. Four main themes emerged as disparities in exclusive breastfeeding practice in Ghana. The themes were healthcare (prenatal clinic visits, delivery place, exclusive breastfeeding knowledge), personal (maternal age, Human Immunodeficiency Virus status, parity, type of delivery, breast problem), employment (unemployed, formal, or informal sector worker), and sociocultural (ethnicity/region, family support, religious beliefs, cultural practices). Conclusion: Disparities in exclusive breastfeeding in Ghana warrant the collaborative efforts of stakeholders for successful mitigation. Future researchers should explore the role of religion and sociocultural practices to protect, promote, and support 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding in Ghana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In rural China, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) prevalence is low and hospitals often fail to attain baby-friendly feeding objectives, such as ≥ 75% of newborns exclusively breastfed from birth to discharge. Empirical evidence for the impact of increased hospital compliance with recommended feeding guidelines on continued EBF in rural China is lacking. We sought to measure and model the association of newborns' in-hospital feeding experiences with EBF practice in infancy to inform policies for EBF promotion. Methods: Data were cross-sectional from 785 caregivers of infants < 6 months of age, collected from November to December 2019 in four underdeveloped counties/districts in Sichuan Province. In-hospital feeding practices were determined, and prevalence of current infant feeding practices was calculated from 24-h recall and categorized according to WHO/UNICEF Infant and Young Child Feeding categories as EBF, breastfed with non-milk liquids, mixed feeding, breastfed with solids, and not breastfed. Relative risk ratios were estimated using adjusted multinomial logistic regression to examine risk factors for non-EBF practices compared to EBF, including in-hospital feeding experiences. The regression model was used to investigate change in EBF prevalence under alternative in-hospital experiences. Results: Only 38.1% of under-six-month-old infants were being exclusively breastfed when data were collected; 61.8% and 77.6% had been fed water and infant formula, respectively, in the hospital. Infants who were fed water or formula before discharge were estimated as 2–3 times as likely to be non-EBF than EBF up to age six months. According to our model, EBF prevalence would have increased to 53.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 46.1, 61.2) had ≥ 75% of infants been exclusively breastfed and water-based feeds eliminated in-hospital. Conclusions: Given the importance of infants' first feeding experiences in the establishment and continuation of EBF, it is imperative that rural Chinese hospitals actively seek to limit infant formula feeds to medically indicated situations and eliminate water-based feeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Complications in the postpartum period pose substantial risks to women and can result in significant maternal morbidity and mortality. However, there is much less attention on postpartum care compared to pregnancy and childbirth. The goal of this study was to gather information on women's knowledge of postpartum care and complications, recovery practices after childbirth, perceived barriers to receiving care during the postpartum period, and educational needs in four health centers. The findings can inform the development of appropriate curriculum and interventions for postnatal care education in similar settings. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study design was employed. Eight focus group discussions were conducted among 54 postpartum women who delivered in four health centers in Sagnarigu District in Tamale, Ghana. Audio recordings of focus group data were transcribed and translated, and thematic analysis was conducted. Results: There were six main themes that emerged from the focus group discussions: 1) baby focused postpartum care; 2) postpartum practices; 3) inadequate knowledge ofpostpartum danger signs; 4) barriers to accessing postpartum care 5) experiences of poor mental health; and 6) need for postpartum education. Conclusions: Postpartum care for women in this study was primarily perceived as care of the baby post-delivery and missing key information on physical and mental health care for the mother. This can result in poor adjustment postpartum and critically, a lack of knowledge on danger signs for common causes of morbidity and mortality in the postpartum period. Future research needs to understand how to communicate important information on postpartum mental and physical health to better protect mothers in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To explore the perceptions, knowledge, and practices of breastfeeding in the context of Covid-19 of pregnant and postpartum women, midwives, and health providers in an indigenous region of Chiapas, Mexico. Materials and methods. Qualitative thematic analysis study involving semi-structured interviews (n = 46) with pregnant women (n = 19), postpartum women (n = 6), health providers (n=10, i.e., doctors/nurses), and midwives (n=11). Results. Among mothers, 47% (n=11) did not know if Covid-19 is transmitted through breastfeeding. They mentioned that they would stay away from their newborns if infected. Health providers and midwives have not received education or any supporting material on the value of breastfeeding during Covid-19 infection. Conclusion. Breastfeeding mothers’ promotion and counseling remain poor in indigenous communities and have worsened during the Covid-19 pandemic. Breastfeeding training among health providers and midwives should be provided or strengthened even more in emergency situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breastfeeding initiation rates in Australia are high but duration rates fall well below the World Health Organization targets. Return to work is a known factor impacting 6 months exclusive breastfeeding and continuation into the infants second year of life. Work related factors can influence a woman's confidence in maintaining breastmilk supply after return to employment and determine whether she meets her personal breastfeeding goals. This cross‐sectional online survey is the first Australian study to explore women's experience of maintaining breastfeeding after return to work, in all work sectors. Results revealed variations across work sectors reflected in worker autonomy and confidence in speaking up about breastfeeding rights. Women who had autonomy or flexibility in planning their workday were more likely to be confident in maintaining breastmilk supply. The main predictors for milk supply confidence and meeting personal breastfeeding goals included having: a suitable place to express milk; confidence in speaking out about rights; a formal return‐to‐work plan; a supportive workplace; and returning to work after the period of exclusive breastfeeding. This study reveals that supportive workplace environments can lead to increased confidence in maintaining milk supply, extending durations of breastfeeding. Women who are confident in their rights to express breastmilk, or breastfeed at work, are more likely to meet their own breastfeeding goals. Education, and awareness raising, on the rights of breastfeeding women in the workplace, is a gender equity imperative that can improve experiences for breastfeeding women, and, increase manager and co‐worker knowledge for creating enabling workplace environments for breastfeeding employees. Key messages: Return to work after the birth of a baby impacts breastfeeding duration and personal goal attainment. Unsupportive employment factors can lead to a loss of confidence in ability to maintain adequate breastmilk supply.Having access to sufficient paid parental leave, a suitable place to express milk, autonomy, or ability to take lactation breaks, a formal return to work plan, and confidence in speaking up about breastfeeding rights, impacts meeting breastfeeding goals.Increasing knowledge and awareness on the rights of breastfeeding workers, and the components of supportive and enabling environments, will improve women's confidence in their ability to maintain adequate breastmilk supply, and meet their breastfeeding goals, after return to work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe the extent to which Sri Lankan caregivers follow current national responsive feeding recommendations and the factors limiting and enabling those behaviours. Study design. This ethnographic substudy was conducted using a four‐phase, mixed methods formative research design across rural, estate and urban sectors of Sri Lanka. Data collection methods. Data were collected using direct meal observations and semistructured interviews. Participants including infants and young children aged 6–23 months (n = 72), community leaders (n = 10), caregivers (n = 58) and community members (n = 37) were purposefully sampled to participate in this study. Data analysis. Observational data were summarized using descriptive statistics while textual data were analysed thematically using Dedoose. Findings were then interpreted vis‐à‐vis six national responsive feeding recommendations. During observed feeding episodes, caregivers were responsive to nearly all food requests (87.2% [34/39]) made by infants and young children. Many caregivers (61.1% [44/72]) also positively encouraged their infant and young child during feeding. Despite some responsive feeding practices being observed, 36.1% (22/61) of caregivers across sectors used forceful feeding practices if their infant or young child refused to eat. Interviews data indicated that force‐feeding practices were used because caregivers wanted their infants and young children to maintain adequate weight gain for fear of reprimand from Public Health Midwives. Despite overall high caregiver knowledge of national responsive feeding recommendations in Sri Lanka, direct observations revealed suboptimal responsive feeding practices, suggesting that other factors in the knowledge‐behaviour gap may need to be addressed. Key messages: Sri Lankan caregivers were aware of national recommendations for optimally feeding infants and young children but real‐life barriers, such as other competing household demands, limited their ability to follow them fully.Observed feeding practices that may be considered suboptimal for infants and young children, including forceful feeding, were carried out by caregivers whose intentions were to ensure their children maintain adequate weight gain.Tailored communication materials that offer caregivers specific strategies to overcome feeding challenges may benefit Public Health Midwives who are responsible for nutrition counselling during community outreach in Sri Lanka. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to investigate the effect of simulation-supported breastfeeding program given to women in pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic period on breastfeeding success, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and mother-infant attachment. They carried out this study 73 pregnant women who presented to the obstetrics and gynecology clinic of a hospital and were selected by using the simple random sampling method. The researchers used a quasi-experimental design in this study. After the simulation-supported breastfeeding program, they found that breastfeeding success and breastfeeding self-efficacy were increased in the experimental group compared to the control group. The researchers were used the structural equation model, regression analysis, and independent samples t-test in the data analysis. The education given to pregnant women in this period when social interaction decreases becomes more important. Researchers are recommended that breastfeeding education should start in the antenatal period and continue in the postpartum period by using different education methods together. Simulation-supported breastfeeding program is a model that can be used to provide breastfeeding education for pregnant women in public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. With this program, the number of visits to the hospital for breastfeeding education will decrease, and more remote counseling will be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxytocin, a neuropeptide hormone, is indispensable for milk ejection during nursing and is important for uterine contractions during parturition. The exact functions of oxytocin in postpartum maternal behaviors and motivations require further investigation. To this end, we characterized the role of oxytocin in components of maternal motivations during the mid‐postpartum period, which has not been previously studied. To maintain suckling stimuli, postpartum oxytocin knockout (Oxt−/−) and heterozygous (Oxt+/−) littermates were co‐housed with a wild‐type lactating mother and its litter, and were examined for their ability to retrieve pups under standard or high‐risk conditions, nursing behavior, maternal aggression towards an unfamiliar intruder, and motivation to regain contact with separated pups. One‐third of Oxt−/− mothers exhibited prolonged parturition but were otherwise grossly healthy. Despite their inability to eject milk, Oxt−/− mothers displayed nursing behaviors for similar durations to Oxt+/− mothers during the second postpartum week. In addition, Oxt−/− mothers were essentially intact for pup retrieval under standard conditions and were motivated to stay close to pups, although they showed a mild decrease in maternal care under high‐risk conditions and increased anxiety‐like behaviors in pup‐related contexts. The present findings indicate that oxytocin is dispensable for nursing behavior and maternal motivations, yet suggest that oxytocin may be relevant for stress resilience in the postpartum period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia 396 is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Instituto de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Improving the rates of breastfeeding has been a prime interest of Public Health Nurses focusing on health promotional strategies as outlined by the World Health Organization. However, evidence of the perceptions held by perinatal families regarding the encouragement to breastfeed is lacking. With the goal of uncovering existing research, an integrative review was conducted, retrieving nine studies. Themes included: variables of delivery (beliefs and ambiguity), outcomes of receivers (expectations, emotions, empowerment versus pressure), and contextual factors (social, cultural, and political forces). Notable differences between the experiences of parents in differing social locations were found. The results demonstrate a need for professionals and policymakers to consider the nuanced ways in which individuals experience breastfeeding health promotional messaging. Unintended impacts of this strategy potentially widen breastfeeding inequities between the groups most and least advantaged in society. The diversity of Canadians was found to be vastly underrepresented in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breastfeeding women should have access to family planning information and services to help them select a method of birth control that allows them to support breastfeeding and is safe for the breastfeeding child. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the practices of various contraceptive methods among mothers who were breastfeeding. Methodology: A descriptive-analytic design was conducted for breastfeeding mothers from the period of 12 February to 28 October 2021. To give equal chances to participate, the probability simple randomization technique was applied for selecting (800) postnatal breastfeeding mothers attending the immunization unit in Primary Health Centers in Sulaimani City. Overall, items included in the questionnaire were in two parts: part one General and specific information about breastfeeding mothers' concerns, and the response to the characteristics of socio-demographic variables and obstetric status. Part two was contraceptive practices. The data were collected through the use of interviews and then analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. Common contraceptives used among breastfeeding mothers were natural contraception (62.5%), condoms (17.5%), ICUD (5.0%), oral contraceptives (3.5%), and breastfeeding (11.5%). Results: A high percentage of breastfeeding mothers used contraceptives and only ten percent of mothers were using breastfeeding for contraception. A significant difference was found between socio-demographic data and practice contraception and resumption of menstrual after delivery. Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, a focus on health education for mothers should be established, and the nurse should take on the role of contraceptive method educator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late Preterm Infants (LPIs), increasing in number worldwide, face significant increased morbidity and mortality and lower breastfeeding rates. Their parents suffer from high rates of anxiety and depression. Furthermore, maternal-child professionals - and the parents they serve - often lack understanding of specific LPI behaviors and needs. Guided by Responsive Parenting literature, HUG Your Baby concepts and parent education research, two new resources were created for LPI parents, and a free virtual workshop was provided to maternal-child professionals (N=164) from twenty countries. The majority (95-100%) of participants completing the postworkshop evaluation (N=112) reported the workshop was evidence-based, had met their continuing education goals, and that they intended to incorporate its concepts and resources into their care of LPI families. Thus, this virtual workshop, its new resources, and recent research about the positive impact of digital parent and professional education appear to offer a promising approach for enhancing international LPI care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saberes Plurais is the property of Saberes Plurais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Early initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour of life prevents neonatal and infant mortality. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Target 3.2 aims to reduce neonatal mortality and under 5 mortality globally. The decline in the early initiation of breastfeeding in The Gambia coincides with deviations from the SDGs, due to poor indicators of child survival. Our work studied the determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in The Gambia. Methods: We used the 2019–2020 Gambia Demographic Health Survey (GDHS) conducted across all regions of the country. Since our population of interest was children born two years preceding the study, we only included children less than 24 months of age, living with an eligible respondent. Thus, a weighted sample of 5691 mother-child pairs was applied in the analysis. We reported summary statistics of individuals' sociodemographic, obstetrics and antenatal, household, and community-level factors. A logistic regression model was used to determine associations between early initiation of breastfeeding and covariates. Results: The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding was 64.3% (n = 3659). Mothers who had secondary education or higher educational level had higher odds of early initiation of breastfeeding (AOR 1.22; 95% CI 1.07, 1.40). Regions with rural population notably Lower and Central and Upper River Region had lower odds of early initiation of breastfeeding [Mansakonko (AOR 0.37; 95% CI 0.26, 0.15), Kerewan (AOR 0.26; 95% CI 0.19, 0.36), Kuntaur (AOR 0.39; 95% CI 0.28, 0.54), Janjanbureh (AOR 0.48; 95% CI 0.35, 0.66) and Basse (AOR 0.64; 95%CI 0.49, 0.85)]. Also, women in the high quintile of the wealth index were more likely to initiate breastfeeding early (AOR 1.29; 95% CI 1.06, 1.57). Four or more antenatal care visits did not increase early initiation of breastfeeding. Conclusions: The results of the analyses demand affirmative action to improve maternal education, reduce poverty and inequality and empower rural communities in The Gambia. The IYCF component in antenatal care needs to be strengthened. Programs and policies on IYCF must resonate to address determinants of timely breastfeeding initiation to chart progress towards the SDG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In South Korea, commercial postpartum care centres, known as Sanhujoriwons, have emerged as important institutions aiding mothers' physical recovery after childbirth. Although previous studies have measured mothers' satisfaction level with Sanhujoriwons, this study applies Bronfenbrenner's ecological model to identify the factors influencing first-time mothers' satisfaction with Sanhujoriwons. Methods: This descriptive correlational study involved 212 first-time mothers admitted to Sanhujoriwons for two weeks with their new-borns (healthy babies weighing at least 2.5 kg) after giving birth after 37 weeks of pregnancy. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire at five postpartum care centres in the metropolitan area of South Korea from October to December 2021, on the day of the mothers' discharge. This study considered ecological factors such as perceived health status, postpartum depression, childcare stress, maternal identity at the individual level; partnership with Sanhujoriwon staff at the microsystem level; and the Sanhujoriwons' education support system at the exo-system level. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis using the SPSS 25.0 Win program. Results: The mean score of satisfaction with Sanhujoriwons was 59.67 ± 10.14 out of 70, indicating a high level of satisfaction. The hierarchical regression analysis showed that satisfaction with Sanhujoriwons was significantly affected by the perceived health status (β = 0.19, p < 0.001), partnership between mothers and the caregivers (β = 0.26, p < 0.001), and education support system of the Sanhujoriwons (β = 0.47, p < 0.001). The explanatory power of the model for these variables was 62.3%. Conclusions: Our results indicate that not only the mother's health status but also the educational support system of postpartum care centres and partnerships are important for improving first-time mothers' satisfaction with postpartum care centres. Thus, when developing an intervention program for postpartum care centres, practitioners should focus on developing various kinds of support and strategies to improve the physical health condition of mothers, build partnerships between mothers and care staff, and improve the quality of the educational support offered to mothers. Further studies to develop and test the effectiveness of such intervention programs are strongly suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preterm birth complications result in > 1 million child deaths annually, mostly in low- and middle-income countries. A World Health Organisation (WHO)-led trial in hospitals with intensive care reported reduced mortality within 28 days among newborns weighing 1000–1799 g who received immediate kangaroo mother care (iKMC) compared to those who received standard care. Evidence is needed regarding the process and costs of implementing iKMC, particularly in non-intensive care settings. Methods: We describe actions undertaken to implement iKMC, estimate financial and economic costs of essential resources and infrastructure improvements, and assess readiness for newborn care after these improvements at five Ugandan hospitals participating in the OMWaNA trial. We estimated costs from a health service provider perspective and explored cost drivers and cost variation across hospitals. We assessed readiness to deliver small and sick newborn care (WHO level-2) using a tool developed by Newborn Essential Solutions and Technologies and the United Nations Children's Fund. Results: Following the addition of space to accommodate beds for iKMC, floor space in the neonatal units ranged from 58 m2 to 212 m2. Costs of improvements were lowest at the national referral hospital (financial: $31,354; economic: $45,051; 2020 USD) and varied across the four smaller hospitals (financial: $68,330-$95,796; economic: $99,430-$113,881). In a standardised 20-bed neonatal unit offering a level of care comparable to the four smaller hospitals, the total financial cost could be in the range of $70,000 to $80,000 if an existing space could be repurposed or remodelled, or $95,000 if a new unit needed to be constructed. Even after improvements, the facility assessments demonstrated broad variability in laboratory and pharmacy capacity as well as the availability of essential equipment and supplies. Conclusions: These five Ugandan hospitals required substantial resource inputs to allow safe implementation of iKMC. Before widespread scale-up of iKMC, the affordability and efficiency of this investment must be assessed, considering variation in costs across hospitals and levels of care. These findings should help inform planning and budgeting as well as decisions about if, where, and how to implement iKMC, particularly in settings where space, devices, and specialised staff for newborn care are unavailable. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02811432. Registered: 23 June 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maternal mortality due to pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum is a global challenge. Particularly, in low-and lower-income countries, the outcomes of these complications are quite substantial. In recent years, studies exploring the effect of mobile health on the improvement of maternal health are increasing. However, the effect of this intervention on the improvement of institutional delivery and postnatal care utilization was not well analyzed systematically, particularly in low and lower-middle-income countries. Objective: The main aim of this review was to assess the effect of mobile heath (mHealth) interventions on improving institutional delivery, postnatal care service uptake, knowledge of obstetric danger signs, and exclusive breastfeeding among women of low and lower-middle-income countries. Methods: Common electronic databases like PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane library, Google scholar, and gray literature search engines like Google were used to search relevant articles. Articles that used interventional study designs and were conducted in low and lower-middle-income countries were included. Sixteen articles were included in the final systematic review and meta-analysis. Cochrane's risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of included articles. Results: The overall outcome of the systematic review and meta-analysis showed that MHealth intervention has a positive significant effect in improving the institutional delivery (OR = 2.21 (95%CI: 1.69–2.89), postnatal care utilization (OR = 4.13 (95%CI: 1.90–8.97), and exclusive breastfeeding (OR = 2.25, (95%CI: 1.46–3.46). The intervention has also shown a positive effect in increasing the knowledge of obstetric danger signs. The subgroup analysis based on the intervention characteristics showed that there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups based on the intervention characteristics for institutional delivery (P = 0.18) and postnatal care utilizations (P = 0.73). Conclusions: The study has found out that mHealth intervention has a significant effect on improving facility delivery, postnatal care utilization, rate of exclusive breastfeeding, and knowledge of danger signs. There were also findings that reported contrary to the overall outcome which necessitates conducting further studies to enhance the generalizability of the effect of mHealth interventions on these outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The World Health Organisation recommends that all mothers seek postnatal care (PNC) within the first two months after childbirth. This study examined PNC utilisation for babies within the first two months after childbirth. Methods: We used data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) (2018–2020) of eleven countries in SSA. Descriptive and a multivariate analysis were carried out, and presented in adjusted odds ratios. The explanatory variables included: age, place of residence, level of formal education, wealth quintile, antenatal care visits, marital status, frequency of watching TV, listening to radio and reading newspaper, getting permission to go medical help for self, getting money needed for treatment, and distance to facility. Results: PNC utilisation was 37.5% and 33% in urban and rural residences, respectively. Higher level of education (Urban: AOR = 1.39, CI = 1.25, 1.56; Rural: AOR = 1.31, CI = 1.10, 1.58), 4 or more ANC visits (Urban: AOR = 1.32, CI = 1.23, 1.40; Rural: AOR = 1.49, CI = 1.43, 1.56 0.86), requiring permission to go to the health facility (Urban: AOR = 0.67, CI = 0.61, 0.74; Rural: AOR = 0.86, CI = 0.81, 0.91), listening to the radio at least once a week (Urban: AOR = 1.32, CI = 1.23, 1.41; Rural: AOR = 0.86, CI = 0.77, 0.95), and watching television at least once a week (Urban: AOR = 1.11, CI = 1.03, 1.21; Rural: AOR = 1.15, CI = 1.07, 1.24) were significantly associated with PNC service utilisation in both rural and urban areas. However, belonging to a richer wealth status (AOR = 1.11, CI = 1.02, 1.20) and having a problem with distance (AOR = 1.13, CI = 1.07, 1.18) were significant in only rural areas, while having a problem with money for treatment was significant only in urban areas (AOR = 1.15, CI = 1.08, 1.23). Conclusion: In this study, we conclude that the PNC service utilisation within the first 2 months after delivery was low across rural and urban residences. There is, therefore, a need for SSA countries to develop population tailored interventions such as advocacy and health education targeted at women with no formal education in both rural and urban areas. Our study also suggests that SSA countries must intensify radio programs and advertisements on the health benefits of PNC to improve maternal and child health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breastfeeding is an important public health priority and may be particularly beneficial for medically complex infants and children. However, childhood illness and disability are associated with increased challenges and lower breastfeeding rates. The Baby Friendly Initiative has been shown to increase initiation of breastfeeding and improve health professional skills although as yet the standards have not been adopted in paediatrics. Previous studies have found breastfeeding knowledge gaps among paediatric nurses, and a recent systematic review highlighted insufficient lactation support, discouragement by healthcare professionals and lack of resources. The aim of this survey of UK paediatric professionals was to establish their self‐defined confidence and skills supporting breastfeeding. Methods: An online survey was developed to explore associations between level of training and staff confidence and perceived skill, to establish whether there is evidence that more training and/or higher breastfeeding training credentials improve skill. In total, 409 professionals, including paediatric doctors at all grades, paediatric nurses and allied health professionals, were included in the analysis. Results: This study identified specific skill gaps among professionals. Many healthcare professionals felt that different skills and specific training are required to support medically complex children. Several professionals noted that existing breastfeeding training focuses on establishing breastfeeding in healthy newborns rather than sick children in paediatrics. Participants were asked about 13 clinical competencies, and an aggregate skill score was calculated. Multiple univariate analysis of variance found that more extensive training and higher credentials are correlated with higher skill scores (p ≤ 0.001), whereas type of professional was not. Conclusions: Despite this being a relatively motivated sample of healthcare professionals, the findings of this study suggest that breastfeeding skills are patchy and inconsistent, and particularly lacking when it comes to more complex clinical scenarios. This is significant, because it may mean that children who have more significant illness or medical complexity are disproportionately affected by gaps in knowledge and skill. Medically complex children encounter many barriers to optimal feeding − including absence of designated paediatric lactation staff, resources and support − and may have challenges such as low tone, higher calorie need and transitioning to the breast after ventilation or enteral feeding. Current skill gaps indicate that existing training would be insufficient, and bespoke paediatric breastfeeding training based on identified clinical challenges is thus justified. Key points: Currently, there is no mandatory undergraduate breastfeeding training for paediatric healthcare professionals. Current optional training is weighted towards the initiation of breastfeeding in healthy term infants and supporting breast milk feeding in preterm infants, rather than sick infants and children admitted to paediatrics.Breastfeeding skill gaps in paediatric multidisciplinary healthcare professionals are widespread even in a relatively motivated sample.More extensive breastfeeding training is significantly associated with greater confidence and higher self‐defined skills.Mandatory breastfeeding training for paediatric healthcare professionals should include not only basic breastfeeding principles but also additional training that is nuanced for the needs of the paediatric population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Breastfeeding is important to infant health and survival in sub-Saharan Africa. To promote breastfeeding effectively, understanding of psychological factors associated with infant feeding choices is required. This study investigated breastfeeding attitudes and health locus of control (HLoC) in a Nigerian community sample. Methods: Men and women (N = 400) (71% female; mean age 34.2 years/ range 18–86 years) were recruited through community groups in Nigeria. Self-report survey by questionnaire measured breastfeeding attitudes using the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) and health locus of control using the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLoCs). Results Mean: IIFAS scores (mean = 57.7; sd = 7.8) became less favourable with increasing age (p = 0.02). Men had higher IIFAS scores (mean = 58.6; sd = 7.6) than women (mean = 56.6; sd = 8.0) indicating more favourable attitudes toward breastfeeding (p = 0.02). Women scored higher than men on external chance HLoC (ECHLoC) (p = 0.003) and external powerful others HLoC (EPHLoC) (p = 0.02). Increasing age was associated with higher scores on ECHLoC (p < 0.01) and EPHLoC (p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis was significant (p < 0.001) and explained 7.8% of variance in breastfeeding attitude. Lower IIFAS scores, reflecting more negative attitudes to breastfeeding, were associated with higher ECHLoC (p < 0.01) and EPOHLoC (p < 0.05). Higher IIFAS scores, reflecting more positive attitudes to breastfeeding, were associated with greater IHLoC (p < 0.01). Neither age nor gender were associated with IIFAS scores in the final model. Conclusions: This implies a need to explore health locus of control when promoting positive attitudes to breastfeeding and supporting families in breastfeeding advocacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The primary goals of our research were to explore pharmacists' perception of breastfeeding friendly pharmacy (BFPh) requirements and factors associated with their awareness about these requirements. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted using a self-administered survey. A convenience sample (n=381) of community pharmacists, was recruited through social media resources. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS software version 35. The frequency or percentages were used for categorical variables while means and standard deviations were used for continuous variables. Also, linear regression analysis was used to evaluate factors affecting pharmacists' awareness about BFPh requirements. Results: The majority of recruited pharmacists were female (n=329, 86.4%), aged between 23 to 30 years of age (78.7%, n=300). The most common steps to describe a pharmacy as a BFPh from the perspective of surveyed pharmacists were training all pharmacy staff to develop the necessary skills (n=239, 62.7%)) followed by informing all pregnant women about the benefits of breastfeeding (n=225, 59.1%)) and having a written policy on feeding infants and young children according to the recommendations of the WHO and in compliance with the international code (n=209, 54.9%)). Furthermore, pharmacists aging 40 years or less showed a significantly higher awareness about BFPh requirements compared to those aging above 40 years (beta=-0.013, p= 0.045). In addition, 37% (n=142) of pharmacists perceived that answering general questions or concerns on general medication intake while breastfeeding babies is their major role in breastfeeding support. Conclusion: Breastfeeding support is a promising area for promoting professional pharmacy services. Training all pharmacy staff and informing all pregnant about the benefit of breastfeeding are the most common two steps to describe a pharmacy as BFPh. Additionally, the awareness of BFPh requirement was associated with pharmacists age. Future focus should be placed on implementing BFPh project in Jordanian pharmacies, where the steps of this project are modified in line with the capabilities of pharmacies in Jordan within governmental pharmaceutical control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Identify the prevalence and predictors of substantial postpartum weight retention (SPPWR) among WIC mothers in Southern California during their first postpartum year. Design: Secondary data analysis. Setting: The 2020 Los Angeles County WIC Survey. Subjects: Mothers of children up to 1-year-old (N = 1019). Measures: Outcome variable: SPPWR (≥5 kg above pre-pregnancy weight). Predictors: child's age, mother's age, race, education, employment status since having child, healthcare coverage, food insecurity, depressed mood, instrumental support, emotional support, spouse's participation in child's life, gestational weight gain (GWG), pre-pregnancy BMI, any breastfeeding, and gestational diabetes. Analysis: Weighted descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of SPPWR was 31%. We found that for every 1 month increase in the child's age (proxy for postpartum duration), the likelihood of SPPWR increased by 9% (AOR = 1.09, CI = 1.04-1.15). Mothers were more likely to have SPPWR when they exceeded GWG guidelines (AOR = 3.43, CI = 2.46-4.79). Compared to mothers with normal pre-pregnancy BMIs, mothers with overweight (AOR =.64, CI =.44-.94) and obese (AOR =.39, CI =.26-.58) pre-pregnancy BMIs were less likely to experience SPPWR. Conclusion: Postpartum duration and maternal anthropometric characteristics were associated with SPPWR during the first postpartum year. Extending WIC eligibility for postpartum mothers to 2 years through the Wise Investment in Children Act may give WIC providers the opportunity to work closely with Southern California WIC mothers to achieve a healthy weight after pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early childhood (ECC) is the main period of cognitive development, physical and mental health in children. The well-being of future generations depends on early childhood development and care. Poverty, malnutrition, violence, gender inequality, environmental pollution and caregiver mental health problems threaten the development of young children and prevent them from being physically and mentally healthy, being happy, having positive relationships and being productive adults. Nurturing Care (NC) is a policy framework proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF and other stakeholders, aimed at achieving national and global goals to help children survive and thrive, in order to transform health and human potential. Its components are health, adequate nutrition, responsive care, early learning opportunities and safety. NC aims to provide family-centered, holistic services to each child, especially in the first three years of life, starting from pregnancy. The aim of this review is to increase the awareness of NC in Turkey and to share studies from other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Poor feeding techniques result in adverse outcomes for preterm infants. Infant-driven feeding (IDF) is a structured feeding method that standardizes neonatal cue-based feedings, and matches the neurodevelopmental stage of the preterm infant. The purpose of this quality improvement project is to assess whether initiation of an IDF initiative impacts time from first nipple feed (NF) to full NF and to discharge in infants born before 35 weeks' gestational age. Secondary aims include assessment of the impact of IDF on neonatal growth and feasibility of following an IDF protocol in a level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: This quality improvement project assesses differences in time to first NF, length of hospital stay, and neonatal growth before and after usage of an IDF protocol. Eighty infants were included, 40 prior to and 40 after IDF intervention. Nurses were trained on IDF philosophy and methods prior to initiation. Results: IDF was associated with discharge at a younger corrected gestational age (CGA), attainment of ad lib feeds at a younger CGA, and shorter amount of days between first NF and discharge. Infants utilizing IDF had slower weight gain, demonstrated by a larger drop in z score in the IDF group. The medical team and bedside nurses were able to follow the IDF protocol with few exceptions. Implications for Practice/Research: IDF allows for optimization of a preterm infant's NICU stay and prepares infants for a safe discharge sooner. This could lead to increased parental satisfaction and decreased hospital cost. Further studies are indicated to ensure these benefits remain and focus on impact direct breastfeeding plays in the IDF model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mary Anne is pleased that Shayla is beginning to trust her and knows that she needs to continue to build their relationship to best serve Jax and Shayla's needs. The third related DEC RP for practitioners who work with infants with NAS and their families is DEC RP INS13, which recommends using coaching or consultation strategies to facilitate positive adult-child interactions ([7]). Use Coaching Strategies With Families (DEC RP INS13) Once practitioners have trusting relationships with families, they can coach families in effective strategies for responding to their infants with NAS, as indicated by DEC RP INS13 ([7]). To address this need, three DEC (DEC) of the Council for Exceptional Children Recommended Practices (RPs) can support practitioners' work with families of children with NAS ([7]): Family-centered practice (DEC RP F1). [Extracted from the article]

Risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Asian women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovascular disease risk factors after early-onset preeclampsia, late-onset preeclampsia, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Incidence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 170 139 women. Keywords: Diabetes, gestational; Pregnancy complications; Hypertension; Diabetes mellitus, type 2 EN Diabetes, gestational Pregnancy complications Hypertension Diabetes mellitus, type 2 484 491 8 06/06/23 20230601 NES 230601 Summary Gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (gestational hypertension and preeclampsia) are strong independent risk predictors for future cardiovascular disease (CVD) specific to women. [Extracted from the article]