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OBJECTIVE: Diabetes is a lifestyle disease and it has become an epidemic worldwide in recent decades. In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic situation, diabetes has become a serious health concern since large numbers of patients are vulnerable to die from the virus. Thus, the diabetic patients affected by COVID-19 cause a major health crisis now. Reports show that large occurrence of diabetes makes it a serious comorbidity in COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is crucial to understand how COVID-19 affects diabetes patients. This paper has reviewed published literature extensively to understand the pattern, importance, care, and medication. RESULTS: This review summarizes the association between COVID-19 and diabetes in terms of susceptibility for pneumonia and other diseases. It also discusses the harshness of COVID-19 with diabetes populations and immunological impacts. It further adds the ACE2 receptor role in diabetes with COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Finally, this paper illustrates different types of diabetes management techniques, such as blood glucose management, self-management, mental health management, and therapeutic management. It also summarizes the current knowledge about diabetic patients with COVID-19 to fight this pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ancient civilization to present-day cultural and technological development, human over the world has been using plants as a source of natural medicine for their basic needs. Clerodendrum serratum (Linn.) Moonis one such traditionally wellaccepted plant used vigorously in Indian ayurvedic therapeutic purposes. Despite its ethnomedicinal significance, the neuroprotective prospects and relevance of Clerodendrum serratum (CSL) remain unaddressed. Therefore, in the present study, we explored several in-vivo antioxidant enzymatic assays followed by acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) inhibitory activity against neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) in mice model and explore the beneficial impact of the plant extract. Furthermore, the in-silico molecular docking approach was employed to evaluate the inhibitory potential of the plantderived bioactive compounds against the imperative proteins associated with neurodegenerative disorders. The plant extract showed promising results in all in-vivo enzymatic assays indicating its positive role over several neurodegenerative disseases namely, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The histological and in-silico investigation also reveled this plant extract is promising in elevating neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, it seems likely that this plant can be used as an anti-cognitive agent for future drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the outbreak of severe respiratory illness (COVID-19) in Wuhan City, China and is now spreading rapidly throughout the world. The prompt outbreak of COVID-19 and its quick spread without any controllable measure defines the severity of the situation. In this crisis, a collective pool of knowledge about the advancement of clinical diagnostic and management for COVID-19 is a prerequisite. Here, we summarize all the available updates on the multidisciplinary approaches for the advancement of diagnosis and proposed therapeutic strategies for COVID-19. Moreover, the review discusses different aspects of the COVID-19, including its epidemiology; incubation period; the general clinical features of patients; the clinical features of intensive care unit (ICU) patients; SARS-CoV-2 infection in the presence of co-morbid diseases and the clinical features of pediatric patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2. Advances in various diagnostic approaches, such as the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR), chest radiography, and computed tomography (CT) imaging; and other modern diagnostic methods, for this infection have been highlighted. However, due to the unavailability of adequate evidence, presently there are no officially approved drugs or vaccines available against SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we have discussed various therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 under different categories, like the possible treatment plans with drug (antiviral drugs and anti-cytokines) therapy for disease prevention. Lastly, potentials candidates for the vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described. Collectively, the review provides an overview of the SARS-CoV-2 infection outbreak along with the recent advancements and strategies for diagnosis and therapy of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method to study temperature dependent thickness variation of thin films has been developed based on angle and energy dispersive x-ray reflectivity (EDR) techniques. The data analysis scheme developed for this method combines both energy and angle dispersive x-ray reflectivity (ADR) profiles. The ADR technique provides the electron density profile on an absolute scale and the EDR technique facilitates rapid collection of reflectivity data as a function of temperature. We demonstrate the utility of the developed method with results of a study of thermal expansion of single and bilayer polymer films. We could detect a change of the thickness of the film in angstroms and could demonstrate interplay of negative and positive thermal expansions of dissimilar polymer layers in determining density profiles of polymer–polymer interface as a function of temperature. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: K. Sil, S. Basu, M. Bhattacharya, S. Chatterjee Osteochondromas, though common in appendicular skeleton, are a rarity in spine, that too in young age. We present two case reports [...]

Threshold gates consisting of resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) in conjunction with HBTs or CHFETs or MOSFETs can form extremely compact, ultrafast, digital logic alternatives, and may be used for digital signal processing applications in the near future. The resonant tunneling phenomenon causes these circuits to exhibit super-high-speed switching capabilities. Additionally, by virtue of being threshold logic gates, they are guaranteed to be more compact than traditional digital logic circuits, while achieving the same functionality. However, reliable logic design with these gates will need a thorough understanding of their noise performance and power dissipation among other things. In this brief, we present an analytical study of the noise performance of these threshold gates supplemented by computer simulation results, with the objective of obtaining reliable circuit design guidelines. Index Terms--Emerging technologies, noise margins, resonant tunneling diode, threshold logic.

Allergy is one of the most common diseases across the globe. Despite several efforts being made, incident of allergy is continuously rising. Among the several causes, food is one of the most important reasons of allergy. In the present study, we used seven allergic food products Arachishypogaea (peanut), Glycine max (soy), Beta vulgaris (beetroot), Avena sativa (oats), Solanummelongena L.(eggplant), Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli) and Allium cepa (onion). Phytochemical analysis of aqueous extracts of these seven samples was done in the laboratory. Phytochemical analysis consists of assessment of primary and secondary metabolites. Primary constituents consist of free amino acids, polysaccharides, protein and chlorophyll. The main objective of the research work was to check the total content of polysaccharide and free amino acids in the selected samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]