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1,104 results on '"BOND, I. A."'

251. Assessment of microcapsule—catalyst particles healing system in high performance fibre reinforced polymer composite

Author: Bolimowski, P A, primary, Wass, D F, additional, and Bond, I P, additional
Published: 2016
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252. The First Neptune Analog or Super-Earth with Neptune-like Orbit: MOA-2013-BLG-605Lb

Author: Sumi, T., Udalski, A., Bennett, D. P., Gould, A., Poleski, R., Bond, I. A., Rattenbury, N., Pogge, R. W., Bensby, T., Beaulieu, J. P., Marquette, J. B., Batista, V., Brillant, S., Abe, F., Asakura, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Donachie, M., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Hirao, Y., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Li, M. C. A., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Nagakane, M., Ohnishi, K., Oyokawa, H., Saito, To., Sharan, A., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., P., Tristram, J., Yonehara, A., Szymanski, M. K., Ulaczyk, K., Kozlowski, S., Wyrzykowski, L., Kubiak, M., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzynski, G., Soszynski, I., Han, C., Jung, Y. -K., Shin, I. -G, Lee, C-U., Sumi, T., Udalski, A., Bennett, D. P., Gould, A., Poleski, R., Bond, I. A., Rattenbury, N., Pogge, R. W., Bensby, T., Beaulieu, J. P., Marquette, J. B., Batista, V., Brillant, S., Abe, F., Asakura, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Donachie, M., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Hirao, Y., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Li, M. C. A., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Nagakane, M., Ohnishi, K., Oyokawa, H., Saito, To., Sharan, A., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., P., Tristram, J., Yonehara, A., Szymanski, M. K., Ulaczyk, K., Kozlowski, S., Wyrzykowski, L., Kubiak, M., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzynski, G., Soszynski, I., Han, C., Jung, Y. -K., Shin, I. -G, and Lee, C-U.
Abstract: We present the discovery of the first Neptune analog exoplanet or super-Earth with Neptune-like orbit, MOA-2013-BLG-605Lb. This planet has a mass similar to that of Neptune or a super-Earth and it orbits at $9\sim 14$ times the expected position of the snow-line, $a_{\rm snow}$, which is similar to Neptune's separation of $ 11\,a_{\rm snow}$ from the Sun. The planet/host-star mass ratio is $q=(3.6\pm0.7)\times 10^{-4}$ and the projected separation normalized by the Einstein radius is $s=2.39\pm0.05$. There are three degenerate physical solutions and two of these are due to a new type of degeneracy in the microlensing parallax parameters, which we designate "the wide degeneracy". The three models have (i) a Neptune-mass planet with a mass of $M_{\rm p}=21_{-7}^{+6} M_{Earth}$ orbiting a low-mass M-dwarf with a mass of $M_{\rm h}=0.19_{-0.06}^{+0.05} M_\odot$, (ii) a mini-Neptune with $M_{\rm p}= 7.9_{-1.2}^{+1.8} M_{Earth}$ orbiting a brown dwarf host with $M_{\rm h}=0.068_{-0.011}^{+0.019} M_\odot$ and (iii) a super-Earth with $M_{\rm p}= 3.2_{-0.3}^{+0.5} M_{Earth}$ orbiting a low-mass brown dwarf host with $M_{\rm h}=0.025_{-0.004}^{+0.005} M_\odot$ which is slightly favored. The 3-D planet-host separations are 4.6$_{-1.2}^{+4.7}$ AU, 2.1$_{-0.2}^{+1.0}$ AU and 0.94$_{-0.02}^{+0.67}$ AU, which are $8.9_{-1.4}^{+10.5}$, $12_{-1}^{+7}$ or $14_{-1}^{+11}$ times larger than $a_{\rm snow}$ for these models, respectively. The Keck AO observation confirm that the lens is faint. This discovery suggests that low-mass planets with Neptune-like orbit are common. So processes similar to the one that formed Neptune in our own Solar System or cold super-Earth may be common in other solar systems., Comment: 54 pages, 10 figures, 13 tables, Accepted for publication in the ApJ
Published: 2015
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253. Planet Sensitivity from Combined Ground- and Space-based Microlensing Observations

Author: Zhu, Wei, Gould, Andrew, Beichman, Charles, Novati, Sebastiano Calchi, Carey, Sean, Gaudi, B. Scott, Henderson, Calen B., Penny, Matthew, Shvartzvald, Yossi, Yee, Jennifer C., Udalski, A., Poleski, R., Skowron, J., Kozlowski, S., Mroz, P., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzynski, G., Szymanski, M. K., Soszynski, I., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, L., Abe, F., Barry, R. K., Bennett, D. P., Bhattacharya, A., Bond, I. A., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Hirao, Y., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Ling, H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Nagakane, M., Ohnishi, K., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Rattenbury, N., Wakiyama, Y., Yonehara, A., Maoz, D., Kaspi, S., Friedmann, M., Zhu, Wei, Gould, Andrew, Beichman, Charles, Novati, Sebastiano Calchi, Carey, Sean, Gaudi, B. Scott, Henderson, Calen B., Penny, Matthew, Shvartzvald, Yossi, Yee, Jennifer C., Udalski, A., Poleski, R., Skowron, J., Kozlowski, S., Mroz, P., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzynski, G., Szymanski, M. K., Soszynski, I., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, L., Abe, F., Barry, R. K., Bennett, D. P., Bhattacharya, A., Bond, I. A., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Hirao, Y., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Ling, H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Nagakane, M., Ohnishi, K., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Rattenbury, N., Wakiyama, Y., Yonehara, A., Maoz, D., Kaspi, S., and Friedmann, M.
Abstract: To move one step forward toward a Galactic distribution of planets, we present the first planet sensitivity analysis for microlensing events with simultaneous observations from space and the ground. We present this analysis for two such events, OGLE-2014-BLG-0939 and OGLE-2014-BLG-0124, which both show substantial planet sensitivity even though neither of them reached high magnification. This suggests that an ensemble of low to moderate magnification events can also yield significant planet sensitivity and therefore probability to detect planets. The implications of our results to the ongoing and future space-based microlensing experiments to measure the Galactic distribution of planets are discussed., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table; ApJ in press
Published: 2015
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254. The frequency of snowline-region planets from four-years of OGLE-MOA-Wise second-generation microlensing

Author: Shvartzvald, Y., Maoz, D., Udalski, A., Sumi, T., Friedmann, M., Kaspi, S., Poleski, R., Szymański, M. K., Skowron, J., Kozłowski, S., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Mróz, P., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Ulaczyk, K., Abe, F., Barry, R. K., Bennett, D. P., Bhattacharya, A., Bond, I. A., Freeman, M., Inayama, K., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Fukui, A., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Wakiyama, Y., Yonehara, A., Shvartzvald, Y., Maoz, D., Udalski, A., Sumi, T., Friedmann, M., Kaspi, S., Poleski, R., Szymański, M. K., Skowron, J., Kozłowski, S., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Mróz, P., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Ulaczyk, K., Abe, F., Barry, R. K., Bennett, D. P., Bhattacharya, A., Bond, I. A., Freeman, M., Inayama, K., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Fukui, A., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Wakiyama, Y., and Yonehara, A.
Abstract: We present a statistical analysis of the first four seasons from a "second-generation" microlensing survey for extrasolar planets, consisting of near-continuous time coverage of 8 deg$^2$ of the Galactic bulge by the OGLE, MOA, and Wise microlensing surveys. During this period, 224 microlensing events were observed by all three groups. Over 12% of the events showed a deviation from single-lens microlensing, and for $\sim$1/3 of those the anomaly is likely caused by a planetary companion. For each of the 224 events we have performed numerical ray-tracing simulations to calculate the detection efficiency of possible companions as a function of companion-to-host mass ratio and separation. Accounting for the detection efficiency, we find that $55^{+34}_{-22}\%$ of microlensed stars host a snowline planet. Moreover, we find that Neptunes-mass planets are $\sim10$ times more common than Jupiter-mass planets. The companion-to-host mass ratio distribution shows a deficit at $q\sim10^{-2}$, separating the distribution into two companion populations, analogous to the stellar-companion and planet populations, seen in radial-velocity surveys around solar-like stars. Our survey, however, which probes mainly lower-mass stars, suggests a minimum in the distribution in the super-Jupiter mass range, and a relatively high occurrence of brown-dwarf companions., Comment: 24 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables. 2016, MNRAS, 457, 4089
Published: 2015
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255. Spitzer Parallax of OGLE-2015-BLG-0966: A Cold Neptune in the Galactic Disk

Author: Street, R. A., Udalski, A., Novati, S. Calchi, Hundertmark, M. P. G., Zhu, W., Gould, A., Yee, J., Tsapras, Y., Bennett, D. P., Project, The RoboNet, Consortium, MiNDSTEp, Jorgensen, U. G., Dominik, M., Andersen, M. I., Bachelet, E., Bozza, V., Bramich, D. M., Burgdorf, M. J., Cassan, A., Ciceri, S., D'Ago, G., Dong, Subo, Evans, D. F., Gu, Sheng-hong, Harkonnen, H., Hinse, T. C., Horne, Keith, Jaimes, R. Figuera, Kains, N., Kerins, E., Korhonen, H., Kuffmeier, M., Mancini, L., Menzies, J., Mao, S., Peixinho, N., Popovas, A., Rabus, M., Rahvar, S., Ranc, C., Rasmussen, R. Tronsgaard, Scarpetta, G., Schmidt, R., Skottfelt, J., Snodgrass, C., Southworth, J., Steele, I. A., Surdej, J., Unda-Sanzana, E., Verma, P., von Essen, C., Wambsganss, J., Wang, Yi-Bo., Wertz, O., Project, The OGLE, Poleski, R., Pawlak, M., Szymanski, M. K., Skowron, J., Mroz, P., Kozlowski, S., Wyrzykowski, L., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzynski, G., Soszynski, I., Ulaczyk, K., Beichman, The Spitzer Team C., Bryden, G., Carey, S., Gaudi, B. S., Henderson, C., Pogge, R. W., Shvartzvald, Y., Collaboration, The MOA, Abe, F., Asakura, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Bond, I. A., Donachie, M., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Hirao, Y., Inayama, K., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Li, M. C. A., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Nagakane, M., Nishioka, T., Ohnishi, K., Oyokawa, H., Rattenbury, N., Saito, To., Sharan, A., Sullivan, D. J., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., P., Tristram, J., Wakiyama, Y., Yonehara, A., Han, KMTNet Modeling Team C., Choi, J. -Y., Park, H., Jung, Y. K., Shin, I. -G., Street, R. A., Udalski, A., Novati, S. Calchi, Hundertmark, M. P. G., Zhu, W., Gould, A., Yee, J., Tsapras, Y., Bennett, D. P., Project, The RoboNet, Consortium, MiNDSTEp, Jorgensen, U. G., Dominik, M., Andersen, M. I., Bachelet, E., Bozza, V., Bramich, D. M., Burgdorf, M. J., Cassan, A., Ciceri, S., D'Ago, G., Dong, Subo, Evans, D. F., Gu, Sheng-hong, Harkonnen, H., Hinse, T. C., Horne, Keith, Jaimes, R. Figuera, Kains, N., Kerins, E., Korhonen, H., Kuffmeier, M., Mancini, L., Menzies, J., Mao, S., Peixinho, N., Popovas, A., Rabus, M., Rahvar, S., Ranc, C., Rasmussen, R. Tronsgaard, Scarpetta, G., Schmidt, R., Skottfelt, J., Snodgrass, C., Southworth, J., Steele, I. A., Surdej, J., Unda-Sanzana, E., Verma, P., von Essen, C., Wambsganss, J., Wang, Yi-Bo., Wertz, O., Project, The OGLE, Poleski, R., Pawlak, M., Szymanski, M. K., Skowron, J., Mroz, P., Kozlowski, S., Wyrzykowski, L., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzynski, G., Soszynski, I., Ulaczyk, K., Beichman, The Spitzer Team C., Bryden, G., Carey, S., Gaudi, B. S., Henderson, C., Pogge, R. W., Shvartzvald, Y., Collaboration, The MOA, Abe, F., Asakura, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Bond, I. A., Donachie, M., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Hirao, Y., Inayama, K., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Li, M. C. A., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Nagakane, M., Nishioka, T., Ohnishi, K., Oyokawa, H., Rattenbury, N., Saito, To., Sharan, A., Sullivan, D. J., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., P., Tristram, J., Wakiyama, Y., Yonehara, A., Han, KMTNet Modeling Team C., Choi, J. -Y., Park, H., Jung, Y. K., and Shin, I. -G.
Abstract: We report the detection of a Cold Neptune m_planet=21+/-2MEarth orbiting a 0.38MSol M dwarf lying 2.5-3.3 kpc toward the Galactic center as part of a campaign combining ground-based and Spitzer observations to measure the Galactic distribution of planets. This is the first time that the complex real-time protocols described by Yee et al. (2015), which aim to maximize planet sensitivity while maintaining sample integrity, have been carried out in practice. Multiple survey and follow-up teams successfully combined their efforts within the framework of these protocols to detect this planet. This is the second planet in the Spitzer Galactic distribution sample. Both are in the near-to-mid disk and clearly not in the Galactic bulge., Comment: 28 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, submitted to ApJ
Published: 2015
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256. MOA-2007-BLG-197: Exploring the brown dwarf desert

Author: Ranc, C., Cassan, A., Albrow, M. D., Kubas, D., Bond, I. A., Batista, V., Beaulieu, J. -P., Bennett, D. P., Dominik, M., Dong, Subo, Fouqué, P., Gould, A., Greenhill, J., Jørgensen, U. G., Kains, N., Menzies, J., Sumi, T., Bachelet, E., Coutures, C., Dieters, S., Prester, D. Dominis, Donatowicz, J., Gaudi, B. S., Han, C., Hundertmark, M., Horne, K., Kane, S. R., Lee, C. -U., Marquette, J. -B., Park, B. -G., Pollard, K. R., Sahu, K. C., Street, R., Tsapras, Y., Wambsganss, J., Williams, A., Zub, M., Abe, F., Fukui, A., Itow, Y., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sweatman, W. L., Tristram, P. J., Yock, P. C. M., Yonehara, A., Ranc, C., Cassan, A., Albrow, M. D., Kubas, D., Bond, I. A., Batista, V., Beaulieu, J. -P., Bennett, D. P., Dominik, M., Dong, Subo, Fouqué, P., Gould, A., Greenhill, J., Jørgensen, U. G., Kains, N., Menzies, J., Sumi, T., Bachelet, E., Coutures, C., Dieters, S., Prester, D. Dominis, Donatowicz, J., Gaudi, B. S., Han, C., Hundertmark, M., Horne, K., Kane, S. R., Lee, C. -U., Marquette, J. -B., Park, B. -G., Pollard, K. R., Sahu, K. C., Street, R., Tsapras, Y., Wambsganss, J., Williams, A., Zub, M., Abe, F., Fukui, A., Itow, Y., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sweatman, W. L., Tristram, P. J., Yock, P. C. M., and Yonehara, A.
Abstract: We present the analysis of MOA-2007-BLG-197Lb, the first brown dwarf companion to a Sun-like star detected through gravitational microlensing. The event was alerted and followed-up photometrically by a network of telescopes from the PLANET, MOA, and uFUN collaborations, and observed at high angular resolution using the NaCo instrument at the VLT. From the modelling of the microlensing light curve, we derived the binary lens separation in Einstein radius units (s~1.13) and a mass ratio of (4.732+/-0.020)x10^{-2}. Annual parallax, lens orbital motion and finite source effects were included in the models. To recover the lens system's physical parameters, we combined the resulting light curve best-fit parameters with (J,H,Ks) magnitudes obtained with VLT NaCo and calibrated using IRSF and 2MASS data. We derived a lens total mass of 0.86+/-0.04 Msun and a lens distance of 4.2+/-0.3 kpc. We find that the companion of MOA-2007-BLG-197L is a brown dwarf of 41+/-2 Mjup observed at a projected separation of 4.3+/-0.1 AU, and orbits a 0.82+/-0.04 Msun G-K dwarf star. We study the statistical properties of this population of brown dwarfs detected by microlensing, transit, radial velocity, and direct imaging (most of these objects orbit solar-type stars), and we performed a two-dimensional, non-parametric probability density distribution fit to the data, which draws a structured brown dwarf landscape. We confirm the existence of a region that is strongly depleted in objects at short periods and intermediate masses (P<30 d, M~30-60 Mjup), but also find an accumulation of objects around P~500 d and M~20 Mjup, as well as another depletion region at long orbital periods (P>500 d) and high masses (M>50 Mjup). While these data provide important clues on mechanisms of brown dwarfs formation, more data are needed to establish their relative importance, in particular as a function of host star mass., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2015
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257. Confirmation of the Planetary Microlensing Signal and Star and Planet Mass Determinations for Event OGLE-2005-BLG-169

Author: Bennett, D. P., Bhattacharya, A., Anderson, J., Bond, I. A., Anderson, N., Barry, R., Batista, V., Beaulieu, J. -P., DePoy, D. L., Dong, Subo, Gaudi, B. S., Gilbert, E., Gould, A., Pfeifle, R., Pogge, R. W., Suzuki, D., Terry, S., Udalski, A., Bennett, D. P., Bhattacharya, A., Anderson, J., Bond, I. A., Anderson, N., Barry, R., Batista, V., Beaulieu, J. -P., DePoy, D. L., Dong, Subo, Gaudi, B. S., Gilbert, E., Gould, A., Pfeifle, R., Pogge, R. W., Suzuki, D., Terry, S., and Udalski, A.
Abstract: We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) observations of the source and lens stars for planetary microlensing event OGLE-2005-BLG-169, which confirm the relative proper motion prediction due to the planetary light curve signal observed for this event. This (and the companion Keck result) provide the first confirmation of a planetary microlensing signal, for which the deviation was only 2%. The follow-up observations determine the flux of the planetary host star in multiple passbands and remove light curve model ambiguity caused by sparse sampling of part of the light curve. This leads to a precise determination of the properties of the OGLE-2005-BLG-169Lb planetary system. Combining the constraints from the microlensing light curve with the photometry and astrometry of the HST/WFC3 data, we find star and planet masses of M_* = 0.69+- 0.02 M_solar and m_p = 14.1 +- 0.9 M_earth. The planetary microlens system is located toward the Galactic bulge at a distance of D_L = 4.1 +- 0.4 kpc, and the projected star-planet separation is a_perp = 3.5 +- 0.3 AU, corresponding to a semi-major axis of a = 4.0 (+2.2 -0.6) AU., Comment: 21 pages, including 5 figures, published in ApJ
Published: 2015

258. OGLE-2012-BLG-0563Lb: a Saturn-mass Planet around an M Dwarf with the Mass Constrained by Subaru AO imaging

Author: Fukui, A., Gould, A., Sumi, T., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Han, C., Suzuki, D., Beaulieu, J. -P., Batista, V., Udalski, A., Street, R. A., Tsapras, Y., Hundertmark, M., Abe, F., Bhattacharya, A., Freeman, M., Itow, Y., Ling, C. H., Koshimoto, N., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Philpott, L. C., Rattenbury, N., Saito, T., Sullivan, D. J., Tristram, P. J., Yonehara, A., Choi, J. -Y., Christie, G. W., DePoy, D. L., Dong, Subo, Drummond, J., Gaudi, B. S., Hwang, K. -H., Kavka, A., Lee, C. U., McCormick, J., Natusch, T., Ngan, H., Park, H., Pogge, R. W., Shin, I-G., Tan, T. -G., Yee, J. C., Szymański, M. K., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Poleski, R., Kozłowski, S., Pietrukowicz, P., Ulaczyk, K., Bramich, Ł. Wyrzykowski D. M., Browne, P., Dominik, M., Horne, K., Ipatov, S., Kains, N., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I. A., Fukui, A., Gould, A., Sumi, T., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Han, C., Suzuki, D., Beaulieu, J. -P., Batista, V., Udalski, A., Street, R. A., Tsapras, Y., Hundertmark, M., Abe, F., Bhattacharya, A., Freeman, M., Itow, Y., Ling, C. H., Koshimoto, N., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Philpott, L. C., Rattenbury, N., Saito, T., Sullivan, D. J., Tristram, P. J., Yonehara, A., Choi, J. -Y., Christie, G. W., DePoy, D. L., Dong, Subo, Drummond, J., Gaudi, B. S., Hwang, K. -H., Kavka, A., Lee, C. U., McCormick, J., Natusch, T., Ngan, H., Park, H., Pogge, R. W., Shin, I-G., Tan, T. -G., Yee, J. C., Szymański, M. K., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Poleski, R., Kozłowski, S., Pietrukowicz, P., Ulaczyk, K., Bramich, Ł. Wyrzykowski D. M., Browne, P., Dominik, M., Horne, K., Ipatov, S., Kains, N., Snodgrass, C., and Steele, I. A.
Abstract: We report the discovery of a microlensing exoplanet OGLE-2012-BLG-0563Lb with the planet-star mass ratio ~1 x 10^{-3}. Intensive photometric observations of a high-magnification microlensing event allow us to detect a clear signal of the planet. Although no parallax signal is detected in the light curve, we instead succeed at detecting the flux from the host star in high-resolution JHK'-band images obtained by the Subaru/AO188 and IRCS instruments, allowing us to constrain the absolute physical parameters of the planetary system. With the help of a spectroscopic information about the source star obtained during the high-magnification state by Bensby et al., we find that the lens system is located at 1.3^{+0.6}_{-0.8} kpc from us, and consists of an M dwarf (0.34^{+0.12}_{-0.20} M_sun) orbited by a Saturn-mass planet (0.39^{+0.14}_{-0.23} M_Jup) at the projected separation of 0.74^{+0.26}_{-0.42} AU (close model) or 4.3^{+1.5}_{-2.5} AU (wide model). The probability of contamination in the host star's flux, which would reduce the masses by a factor of up to three, is estimated to be 17%. This possibility can be tested by future high-resolution imaging. We also estimate the (J-Ks) and (H-Ks) colors of the host star, which are marginally consistent with a low metallicity mid-to-early M dwarf, although further observations are required for the metallicity to be conclusive. This is the fifth sub-Jupiter-mass (0.2
Published: 2015
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259. Reanalyses of Anomalous Gravitational Microlensing Events in the OGLE-III Early Warning System Database with Combined Data

Author: Jeong, J., Park, H., Han, C., Gould, A., Udalski, A., Szymański, M. K., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Poleski, R., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Fukunaga, D., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Namba, S., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sweatman, W. L., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Tsurumi, N., Wada, K., Yamai, N., Yock, P. C. M., Yonehara, A., Albrow, M. D., Batista, V., Beaulieu, J. -P., Caldwell, J. A. R., Cassan, A., Cole, A., Coutures, C., Dieters, S., Dominik, M., Prester, D. Dominis, Donatowicz, J., Fouqué, P., Greenhill, J., Hoffman, M., Huber, M., Jørgensen, U. G., Kane, S. R., Kubas, D., Martin, R., Marquette, J. -B., Menzies, J., Pitrou, C., Pollard, K., Sahu, K. C., Vinter, C., Wambsganss, J., Williams, A., Allen, W., Bolt, G., Choi, J. -Y., Christie, G. W., DePoy, D. L., Drummond, J., Gaudi, B. S., Hwang, K. -H., Jung, Y. K., Lee, C. -U., Mallia, F., Maoz, D., Maury, A., McCormick, J., Monard, L. A. G., Moorhouse, D., Natusch, T., Ofek, E. O., Park, B. -G., Pogge, R. W., Santallo, R., Shin, I. -G., Thornley, G., Yee, J. C., Allan, A., Bramich, D. M., Burgdorf, M. J., Horne, K., Hundertmark, M., Kains, N., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I., Street, R., Tsapras, Y., Jeong, J., Park, H., Han, C., Gould, A., Udalski, A., Szymański, M. K., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Poleski, R., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Fukunaga, D., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Namba, S., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sweatman, W. L., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Tsurumi, N., Wada, K., Yamai, N., Yock, P. C. M., Yonehara, A., Albrow, M. D., Batista, V., Beaulieu, J. -P., Caldwell, J. A. R., Cassan, A., Cole, A., Coutures, C., Dieters, S., Dominik, M., Prester, D. Dominis, Donatowicz, J., Fouqué, P., Greenhill, J., Hoffman, M., Huber, M., Jørgensen, U. G., Kane, S. R., Kubas, D., Martin, R., Marquette, J. -B., Menzies, J., Pitrou, C., Pollard, K., Sahu, K. C., Vinter, C., Wambsganss, J., Williams, A., Allen, W., Bolt, G., Choi, J. -Y., Christie, G. W., DePoy, D. L., Drummond, J., Gaudi, B. S., Hwang, K. -H., Jung, Y. K., Lee, C. -U., Mallia, F., Maoz, D., Maury, A., McCormick, J., Monard, L. A. G., Moorhouse, D., Natusch, T., Ofek, E. O., Park, B. -G., Pogge, R. W., Santallo, R., Shin, I. -G., Thornley, G., Yee, J. C., Allan, A., Bramich, D. M., Burgdorf, M. J., Horne, K., Hundertmark, M., Kains, N., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I., Street, R., and Tsapras, Y.
Abstract: We reanalyze microlensing events in the published list of anomalous events that were observed from the OGLE lensing survey conducted during 2004-2008 period. In order to check the existence of possible degenerate solutions and extract extra information, we conduct analyses based on combined data from other survey and follow-up observation and consider higher-order effects. Among the analyzed events, we present analyses of 8 events for which either new solutions are identified or additional information is obtained. We find that the previous binary-source interpretations of 5 events are better interpreted by binary-lens models. These events include OGLE-2006-BLG-238, OGLE-2007-BLG-159, OGLE-2007-BLG-491, OGLE-2008-BLG-143, and OGLE-2008-BLG-210. With additional data covering caustic crossings, we detect finite-source effects for 6 events including OGLE-2006-BLG-215, OGLE-2006-BLG-238, OGLE-2006-BLG-450, OGLE-2008-BLG-143, OGLE-2008-BLG-210, and OGLE-2008-BLG-513. Among them, we are able to measure the Einstein radii of 3 events for which multi-band data are available. These events are OGLE-2006-BLG-238, OGLE-2008-BLG-210, and OGLE-2008-BLG-513. For OGLE-2008-BLG-143, we detect higher-order effect induced by the changes of the observer's position caused by the orbital motion of the Earth around the Sun. In addition, we present degenerate solutions resulting from the known close/wide or ecliptic degeneracy. Finally, we note that the masses of the binary companions of the lenses of OGLE-2006-BLG-450 and OGLE-2008-BLG-210 are in the brown-dwarf regime., Comment: 10 pages, 4 tables, 9 figures. Accepted in ApJ, Author list updated
Published: 2015
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260. MOA 2011-BLG-028Lb: a Neptune-mass Microlensing Planet in the Galactic Bulge

Author: Skowron, J., Udalski, A., Poleski, R., Kozłowski, S., Szymański, M. K., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Ulaczyk, K., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bhattacharya, A., Bond, I. A., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Hirao, Y., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Nagakane, M., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Yonehara, A., Dominik, M., Jørgensen, U. G., Bozza, V., Harpsøe, K., Hundertmark, M., Skottfelt, J., Skowron, J., Udalski, A., Poleski, R., Kozłowski, S., Szymański, M. K., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Ulaczyk, K., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bhattacharya, A., Bond, I. A., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Hirao, Y., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Nagakane, M., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Yonehara, A., Dominik, M., Jørgensen, U. G., Bozza, V., Harpsøe, K., Hundertmark, M., and Skottfelt, J.
Abstract: We present the discovery of a Neptune-mass planet orbiting a 0.8 +- 0.3 M_Sun star in the Galactic bulge. The planet manifested itself during the microlensing event MOA 2011-BLG-028/OGLE-2011-BLG-0203 as a low-mass companion to the lens star. The analysis of the light curve provides the measurement of the mass ratio: (1.2 +- 0.2) x 10^-4, which indicates the mass of the planet to be 12-60 Earth masses. The lensing system is located at 7.3 +- 0.7 kpc away from the Earth near the direction to Baade's Window. The projected separation of the planet, at the time of the microlensing event, was 3.1-5.2 AU. Although the "microlens parallax" effect is not detected in the light curve of this event, preventing the actual mass measurement, the uncertainties of mass and distance estimation are narrowed by the measurement of the source star proper motion on the OGLE-III images spanning eight years, and by the low amount of blended light seen, proving that the host star cannot be too bright and massive. We also discuss the inclusion of undetected parallax and orbital motion effects into the models, and their influence onto the final physical parameters estimates., Comment: 35 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables. Submitted to ApJ
Published: 2015
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261. Campaign 9 of the $K2$ Mission: Observational Parameters, Scientific Drivers, and Community Involvement for a Simultaneous Space- and Ground-based Microlensing Survey

Author: Henderson, Calen B., Poleski, Radosław, Penny, Matthew, Street, Rachel A., Bennett, David P., Hogg, David W., Gaudi, B. Scott, Zhu, W., Barclay, T., Barentsen, G., Howell, S. B., Mullally, F., Udalski, A., Szymański, M. K., Skowron, J., Mróz, P., Kozłowski, S., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Pietrukowicz, P., Soszyński, I., Ulaczyk, K., Pawlak, M., Sumi, T., Abe, F., Asakura, Y., Barry, R. K., Bhattacharya, A., Bond, I. A., Donachie, M., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Hirao, Y., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Li, M. C. A., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Nagakane, M., Ohnishi, K., Oyokawa, H., Rattenbury, N., Saito, To., Sharan, A., Sullivan, D. J., Tristram, P. J., Yonehara, A., Bachelet, E., Bramich, D. M., Cassan, A., Dominik, M., Jaimes, R. Figuera, Horne, K., Hundertmark, M., Mao, S., Ranc, C., Schmidt, R., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I. A., Tsapras, Y., Wambsganss, J., Bozza, V., Burgdorf, M. J., Jørgensen, U. G., Novati, S. Calchi, Ciceri, S., D'Ago, G., Evans, D. F., Hessman, F. V., Hinse, T. C., Husser, T. -O., Mancini, L., Popovas, A., Rabus, M., Rahvar, S., Scarpetta, G., Skottfelt, J., Southworth, J., Unda-Sanzana, E., Bryson, S. T., Caldwell, D. A., Haas, M. R., Larson, K., McCalmont, K., Packard, M., Peterson, C., Putnam, D., Reedy, L., Ross, S., Van Cleve, J. E., Akeson, R., Batista, V., Beaulieu, J. -P., Beichman, C. A., Bryden, G., Ciardi, D., Cole, A., Coutures, C., Foreman-Mackey, D., Fouqué, P., Friedmann, M., Gelino, C., Kaspi, S., Kerins, E., Korhonen, H., Lang, D., Lee, C. -H., Lineweaver, C. H., Maoz, D., Marquette, J. -B., Mogavero, F., Morales, J. C., Nataf, D., Pogge, R. W., Santerne, A., Shvartzvald, Y., Suzuki, D., Tamura, M., Tisserand, P., Wang, D., Henderson, Calen B., Poleski, Radosław, Penny, Matthew, Street, Rachel A., Bennett, David P., Hogg, David W., Gaudi, B. Scott, Zhu, W., Barclay, T., Barentsen, G., Howell, S. B., Mullally, F., Udalski, A., Szymański, M. K., Skowron, J., Mróz, P., Kozłowski, S., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Pietrukowicz, P., Soszyński, I., Ulaczyk, K., Pawlak, M., Sumi, T., Abe, F., Asakura, Y., Barry, R. K., Bhattacharya, A., Bond, I. A., Donachie, M., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Hirao, Y., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Li, M. C. A., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Nagakane, M., Ohnishi, K., Oyokawa, H., Rattenbury, N., Saito, To., Sharan, A., Sullivan, D. J., Tristram, P. J., Yonehara, A., Bachelet, E., Bramich, D. M., Cassan, A., Dominik, M., Jaimes, R. Figuera, Horne, K., Hundertmark, M., Mao, S., Ranc, C., Schmidt, R., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I. A., Tsapras, Y., Wambsganss, J., Bozza, V., Burgdorf, M. J., Jørgensen, U. G., Novati, S. Calchi, Ciceri, S., D'Ago, G., Evans, D. F., Hessman, F. V., Hinse, T. C., Husser, T. -O., Mancini, L., Popovas, A., Rabus, M., Rahvar, S., Scarpetta, G., Skottfelt, J., Southworth, J., Unda-Sanzana, E., Bryson, S. T., Caldwell, D. A., Haas, M. R., Larson, K., McCalmont, K., Packard, M., Peterson, C., Putnam, D., Reedy, L., Ross, S., Van Cleve, J. E., Akeson, R., Batista, V., Beaulieu, J. -P., Beichman, C. A., Bryden, G., Ciardi, D., Cole, A., Coutures, C., Foreman-Mackey, D., Fouqué, P., Friedmann, M., Gelino, C., Kaspi, S., Kerins, E., Korhonen, H., Lang, D., Lee, C. -H., Lineweaver, C. H., Maoz, D., Marquette, J. -B., Mogavero, F., Morales, J. C., Nataf, D., Pogge, R. W., Santerne, A., Shvartzvald, Y., Suzuki, D., Tamura, M., Tisserand, P., and Wang, D.
Abstract: $K2$'s Campaign 9 ($K2$C9) will conduct a $\sim$3.7 deg$^{2}$ survey toward the Galactic bulge from 7/April through 1/July of 2016 that will leverage the spatial separation between $K2$ and the Earth to facilitate measurement of the microlens parallax $\pi_{\rm E}$ for $\gtrsim$127 microlensing events. These will include several that are planetary in nature as well as many short-timescale microlensing events, which are potentially indicative of free-floating planets (FFPs). These satellite parallax measurements will in turn allow for the direct measurement of the masses of and distances to the lensing systems. In this white paper we provide an overview of the $K2$C9 space- and ground-based microlensing survey. Specifically, we detail the demographic questions that can be addressed by this program, including the frequency of FFPs and the Galactic distribution of exoplanets, the observational parameters of $K2$C9, and the array of resources dedicated to concurrent observations. Finally, we outline the avenues through which the larger community can become involved, and generally encourage participation in $K2$C9, which constitutes an important pathfinding mission and community exercise in anticipation of $WFIRST$., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables; submitted to PASP
Published: 2015
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262. Red noise versus planetary interpretations in the microlensing event OGLE-2013-BLG-446

Author: Bachelet, E., Bramich, D. M., Han, C., Greenhill, J., Street, R. A., Gould, A., Ago, G. D, AlSubai, K., Dominik, M., Jaimes, R. Figuera, Horne, K., Hundertmark, M., Kains, N., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I. A., Tsapras, Y., Albrow, M. D., Batista, V., Beaulieu, J. -P., Bennett, D. P., Brillant, S., Caldwell, J. A. R., Cassan, A., Cole, A., Coutures, C., Dieters, S., Prester, D. Dominis, Donatowicz, J., Fouque, P., Hill, K., Marquette, J. -B., Menzies, J., Pere, C., Ranc, C., Wambsganss, J., Warren, D., de Almeida, L. Andrade, Choi, J. -Y., DePoy, D. L., Dong, Subo, Hung, L. -W., Hwang, K. H., Jablonski, F., Jung, Y. K., Kaspi, S., Klein, N., Lee, C. -U., Maoz, D., Munoz, J. A., Nataf, D., Park, H., Pogge, R. W., Polishook, D., Shin, I. -G., Shporer, A., Abe, J. C. Yee F., Bhattacharya, A., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Philpott, L. C., Rattenbury, N., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., P., Tristram, J., Yonehara, A., Bozza, V., Novati, S. Calchi, Ciceri, S., Galianni, P., Gu, S. H., Harpsoe, K., Hinse, T. C., Jorgensen, U. G., Juncher, D., Korhonen, H., Mancini, L., Melchiorre, C., Popovas, A., Postiglione, A., Rabus, M., Rahvar, S., Schmidt, R. W., Scarpetta, G., Skottfelt, J., Southworth, John, Stabile, An., Surdej, J., Wang, X. -B., Wertz, O., Bachelet, E., Bramich, D. M., Han, C., Greenhill, J., Street, R. A., Gould, A., Ago, G. D, AlSubai, K., Dominik, M., Jaimes, R. Figuera, Horne, K., Hundertmark, M., Kains, N., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I. A., Tsapras, Y., Albrow, M. D., Batista, V., Beaulieu, J. -P., Bennett, D. P., Brillant, S., Caldwell, J. A. R., Cassan, A., Cole, A., Coutures, C., Dieters, S., Prester, D. Dominis, Donatowicz, J., Fouque, P., Hill, K., Marquette, J. -B., Menzies, J., Pere, C., Ranc, C., Wambsganss, J., Warren, D., de Almeida, L. Andrade, Choi, J. -Y., DePoy, D. L., Dong, Subo, Hung, L. -W., Hwang, K. H., Jablonski, F., Jung, Y. K., Kaspi, S., Klein, N., Lee, C. -U., Maoz, D., Munoz, J. A., Nataf, D., Park, H., Pogge, R. W., Polishook, D., Shin, I. -G., Shporer, A., Abe, J. C. Yee F., Bhattacharya, A., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Philpott, L. C., Rattenbury, N., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., P., Tristram, J., Yonehara, A., Bozza, V., Novati, S. Calchi, Ciceri, S., Galianni, P., Gu, S. H., Harpsoe, K., Hinse, T. C., Jorgensen, U. G., Juncher, D., Korhonen, H., Mancini, L., Melchiorre, C., Popovas, A., Postiglione, A., Rabus, M., Rahvar, S., Schmidt, R. W., Scarpetta, G., Skottfelt, J., Southworth, John, Stabile, An., Surdej, J., Wang, X. -B., and Wertz, O.
Abstract: For all exoplanet candidates, the reliability of a claimed detection needs to be assessed through a careful study of systematic errors in the data to minimize the false positives rate. We present a method to investigate such systematics in microlensing datasets using the microlensing event OGLE-2013-BLG-0446 as a case study. The event was observed from multiple sites around the world and its high magnification (A_{max} \sim 3000) allowed us to investigate the effects of terrestrial and annual parallax. Real-time modeling of the event while it was still ongoing suggested the presence of an extremely low-mass companion (\sim 3M_\oplus ) to the lensing star, leading to substantial follow-up coverage of the light curve. We test and compare different models for the light curve and conclude that the data do not favour the planetary interpretation when systematic errors are taken into account., Comment: accepted ApJ 2015
Published: 2015
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263. MOA-2010-BLG-353Lb A Possible Saturn Revealed

Author: Rattenbury, N. J., Bennett, D. P., Sumi, T., Koshimoto, N., Bond, I. A., Udalski, A., Abe, F., Bhattacharya, A., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Itow, Y., Li, M. C. A., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Saito, To., Sharan, A., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Kozlowski, S., Mroz, P., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzynski, G., Poleski, R., Skowron, D., Skowron, J., Soszynski, I., Szymanski, M. K., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, L., Rattenbury, N. J., Bennett, D. P., Sumi, T., Koshimoto, N., Bond, I. A., Udalski, A., Abe, F., Bhattacharya, A., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Itow, Y., Li, M. C. A., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Saito, To., Sharan, A., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Kozlowski, S., Mroz, P., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzynski, G., Poleski, R., Skowron, D., Skowron, J., Soszynski, I., Szymanski, M. K., Ulaczyk, K., and Wyrzykowski, L.
Abstract: We report the discovery of a possible planet in microlensing event MOA-2010-BLG-353. This event was only recognised as having a planetary signal after the microlensing event had finished, and following a systematic analysis of all archival data for binary lens microlensing events collected to date. Data for event MOA-2010-BLG-353 were only recorded by the high cadence observations of the OGLE and MOA survey groups. If we make the assumptions that the probability of the lens star hosting a planet of the measured mass ratio is independent of the lens star mass or distance, and that the source star is in the Galactic bulge, a probability density analysis indicates the planetary system comprises a 0.9^{+1.6}_{-0.53} M_{Saturn} mass planet orbiting a 0.18^{+0.32}_{-0.11} M_{sun} red dwarf star, 6.43^{+1.09}_{-1.15} kpc away. The projected separation of the planet from the host star is 1.72^{+0.56}_{-0.48} AU. Under the additional assumption that the source is on the far side of the Galactic bulge, the probability density analysis favours a lens system comprising a slightly lighter planet., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, MNRAS accepted
Published: 2015
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264. OGLE-2012-BLG-0563Lb:a Saturn-mass planet around an M dwarf with the mass constrained by Subaru AO imaging

Author: Fukui, A., Gould, A., Sumi, T., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Han, C., Suzuki, D., Beaulieu, J. -P., Batista, V., Udalski, A., Street, R. A., Tsapras, Y., Hundertmark, Markus, Abe, F., Bhattacharya, A., Freeman, M., Itow, Y., Ling, C. H., Koshimoto, N., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Philpott, L. C., Rattenbury, N., Saito, T., Sullivan, D. J., Tristram, P. J., Yonehara, A., Choi, J. -Y., Christie, G. W., DePoy, D. L., Dong, Subo, Drummond, J., Gaudi, B. S., Hwang, K. -H., Kavka, A., Lee, C. -U., McCormick, J., Natusch, T., Ngan, H., Park, H., Pogge, R. W., Shin, I-G., Tan, T. -G., Yee, J. C., Szymanski, M. K., Pietrzynski, G., Soszynski, I., Poleski, R., Kozlowski, S., Pietrukowicz, P., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, L., Bramich, D. M., Browne, P., Dominik, M., Horne, K., Ipatov, S., Kains, N., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I. A., Fukui, A., Gould, A., Sumi, T., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Han, C., Suzuki, D., Beaulieu, J. -P., Batista, V., Udalski, A., Street, R. A., Tsapras, Y., Hundertmark, Markus, Abe, F., Bhattacharya, A., Freeman, M., Itow, Y., Ling, C. H., Koshimoto, N., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Philpott, L. C., Rattenbury, N., Saito, T., Sullivan, D. J., Tristram, P. J., Yonehara, A., Choi, J. -Y., Christie, G. W., DePoy, D. L., Dong, Subo, Drummond, J., Gaudi, B. S., Hwang, K. -H., Kavka, A., Lee, C. -U., McCormick, J., Natusch, T., Ngan, H., Park, H., Pogge, R. W., Shin, I-G., Tan, T. -G., Yee, J. C., Szymanski, M. K., Pietrzynski, G., Soszynski, I., Poleski, R., Kozlowski, S., Pietrukowicz, P., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, L., Bramich, D. M., Browne, P., Dominik, M., Horne, K., Ipatov, S., Kains, N., Snodgrass, C., and Steele, I. A.
Published: 2015

265. Pathway to the galactic distribution of planets:combined Spitzer and ground-based microlens parallax measurements of 21 single-lens events

Author: Novati, S. Calchi, Gould, A., Udalski, A., Menzies, J. W., Bond, I. A., Shvartzvald, Y., Street, R. A., Hundertmark, M., Beichman, C. A., Yee, J. C., Carey, S., Poleski, R., Skowron, J., Kozlowski, S., Mroz, P., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzynski, G., Szymanski, M. K., Soszynski, I., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, L., Albrow, M., Beaulieu, J. P., Caldwell, J. A. R., Cassan, A., Coutures, C., Danielski, C., Prester, D. Dominis, Donatowicz, J., Loncaric, K., McDougall, A., Morales, J. C., Ranc, C., Zhu, W., Abe, F., Barry, R. K., Bennett, D. P., Bhattacharya, A., Fukunaga, D., Inayama, K., Koshimoto, N., Namba, S., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Wakiyama, Y., Yonehara, A., Maoz, D., Kaspi, S., Friedmann, M., Bachelet, E., Jaimes, R. Figuera, Bramich, D. M., Tsapras, Y., Horne, K., Snodgrass, C., Wambsganss, J., Steele, I. A., Kains, N., Bozza, V., Dominik, M., Jorgensen, U. G., Alsubai, K. A., Ciceri, S., D'Ago, G., Haugbølle, Troels, Hessman, F. V., Hinse, T. C., Juncher, D., Korhonen, H., Mancini, L., Popovas, A., Rabus, M., Rahvar, S., Scarpetta, G., Schmidt, R. W., Skottfelt, J., Southworth, J., Starkey, D., Surdej, J., Wertz, O., Zarucki, M., Gaudi, B. S., Pogge, R. W., DePoy, D. L., Novati, S. Calchi, Gould, A., Udalski, A., Menzies, J. W., Bond, I. A., Shvartzvald, Y., Street, R. A., Hundertmark, M., Beichman, C. A., Yee, J. C., Carey, S., Poleski, R., Skowron, J., Kozlowski, S., Mroz, P., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzynski, G., Szymanski, M. K., Soszynski, I., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, L., Albrow, M., Beaulieu, J. P., Caldwell, J. A. R., Cassan, A., Coutures, C., Danielski, C., Prester, D. Dominis, Donatowicz, J., Loncaric, K., McDougall, A., Morales, J. C., Ranc, C., Zhu, W., Abe, F., Barry, R. K., Bennett, D. P., Bhattacharya, A., Fukunaga, D., Inayama, K., Koshimoto, N., Namba, S., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Wakiyama, Y., Yonehara, A., Maoz, D., Kaspi, S., Friedmann, M., Bachelet, E., Jaimes, R. Figuera, Bramich, D. M., Tsapras, Y., Horne, K., Snodgrass, C., Wambsganss, J., Steele, I. A., Kains, N., Bozza, V., Dominik, M., Jorgensen, U. G., Alsubai, K. A., Ciceri, S., D'Ago, G., Haugbølle, Troels, Hessman, F. V., Hinse, T. C., Juncher, D., Korhonen, H., Mancini, L., Popovas, A., Rabus, M., Rahvar, S., Scarpetta, G., Schmidt, R. W., Skottfelt, J., Southworth, J., Starkey, D., Surdej, J., Wertz, O., Zarucki, M., Gaudi, B. S., Pogge, R. W., and DePoy, D. L.
Abstract: We present microlens parallax measurements for 21 (apparently) isolated lenses observed toward the Galactic bulge that were imaged simultaneously from Earth and Spitzer, which was ~1 AU West of Earth in projection. We combine these measurements with a kinematic model of the Galaxy to derive distance estimates for each lens, with error bars that are small compared to the Sun's Galactocentric distance. The ensemble therefore yields a well-defined cumulative distribution of lens distances. In principle it is possible to compare this distribution against a set of planets detected in the same experiment in order to measure the Galactic distribution of planets. Since these Spitzer observations yielded only one planet, this is not yet possible in practice. However, it will become possible as larger samples are accumulated.
Published: 2015

266. Microlensing Discovery of a Population of Very Tight, Very Low Mass Binary Brown Dwarfs

Author: Choi, J.-Y, Han, C, Udalski, A, Sumi, T, Gaudi, B. S, Gould, A, Bennett, D. P, Dominik, M, Beaulieu, J.-P, Tsapras, Y, Bozza, V, Abe, F, Bond, I. A, Botzler, C. S, Chote, P, Freeman, M, Fukui, A, Furusawa, K, Itow, Y, Ling, C. H, Masuda, K, Matsubara, Y, Miyake, N, Muraki, Y, Ohnishi, K, Rattenbury, N. J, Saito, To, Sullivan, D. J, Suzuki, K, Sweatman, W. L, Suzuki, D, Takino, S, Tristram, P. J, Wada, K, Yock, P. C. M, The MOA Collaboration, Szymański, M. K, Kubiak, M, and P
Published: 2013

267. Microlensing Discovery of a Population of Very Tight, Very Low-mass Binary Brown Dwarfs

Author: Choi, J.-Y., Han, C., Udalski, A., Sumi, T., Gaudi, B. S., Gould, A., Bennett, D. P., Dominik, M., Beaulieu, J.-P., Tsapras, Y., Bozza, V., Abe, F., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Chote, P., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Furusawa, K., Itow, Y., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Miyake, N., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, K., Sweatman, W. L., Suzuki, D., Takino, S., Tristram, P. J., Wada, K., Yock, P. C. M., The MOA Collaboration, Szymański, M. K., Kubiak, M., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Skowron, J., Kozłowski, S., Poleski, R., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Pietrukowicz, P., The OGLE Collaboration, Almeida, L. A., DePoy, D. L., Dong, Subo, Gorbikov, E., Jablonski, F., Henderson, C. B., Hwang, K.-H., Janczak, J., Jung, Y.-K., Kaspi, S., Lee, C.-U., Malamud, U., Maoz, D., McGregor, D., Muñoz, J. A., Park, B.-G., Park, H., Pogge, R. W., Shvartzvald, Y., Shin, I.-G., Yee, J. C., The μFUN Collaboration, Alsubai, K. A., Browne, P., Burgdorf, M. J., Calchi Novati, S., Dodds, P., Fang, X.-S., Finet, F., Glitrup, M., Grundahl, F., Gu, S.-H., Hardis, S., Harpsøe, K., Hinse, T. C., Hornstrup, A., Hundertmark, M., Jessen-Hansen, J., Jrgensen, U. G., Kains, N., Kerins, E., Liebig, C., Lund, M. N., Lundkvist, M., Maier, G., Mancini, L., Mathiasen, M., Penny, M. T., Rahvar, S., Ricci, D., Scarpetta, G., Skottfelt, J., Snodgrass, C., Southworth, J., Surdej, J., Tregloan-Reed, J., Wambsganss, J., Wertz, O., Zimmer, F., MiNDSTEp Consortium, The, Albrow, M. D., Bachelet, E., Batista, V., Brillant, S., Cassan, A., Cole, A. A., Coutures, C., Dieters, S., Dominis Prester, D., Donatowicz, J., Fouqué, P., Greenhill, J., Kubas, D., Marquette, J.-B., Menzies, J. W., Sahu, K. C., Zub, M., The PLANET Collaboration, Bramich, D. M., Horne, K., Steele, I. A., Street, R. A., The RoboNet Collaboration, Science & Technology Facilities Council, and University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
Subjects: binaries: general, gravitational lensing: micro, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Population, Events, Brown dwarf, Minimum mass, Binary number, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Gravitational microlensing, 01 natural sciences, micro [Gravitational lensing], Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, QB Astronomy, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, QB, Physics, education.field_of_study, Galactic bulge, general [Binaries], Systems, Search, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Stars, Extrasolar planets, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Low Mass, Gravitational lens
Abstract: Although many models have been proposed, the physical mechanisms responsible for the formation of low-mass brown dwarfs are poorly understood. The multiplicity properties and minimum mass of the brown-dwarf mass function provide critical empirical diagnostics of these mechanisms. We present the discovery via gravitational microlensing of two very low-mass, very tight binary systems. These binaries have directly and precisely measured total system masses of 0.025 Msun and 0.034 Msun, and projected separations of 0.31 AU and 0.19 AU, making them the lowest-mass and tightest field brown-dwarf binaries known. The discovery of a population of such binaries indicates that brown dwarf binaries can robustly form at least down to masses of ~0.02 Msun. Future microlensing surveys will measure a mass-selected sample of brown-dwarf binary systems, which can then be directly compared to similar samples of stellar binaries., 7 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, ApJ submitted
Published: 2013

268. MOA-2010-BLG-523: 'Failed Planet' = RS CVn Star

Author: Gould, A, Yee, J. C, Bond, I. A, Udalski, A, Han, C, Jxf8rgensen, U. G, Greenhill, J, Tsapras, Y, Pinsonneault, M. H, Bensby, T, Allen, W, Almeida, L. A, Bos, M, Christie, G. W, DePoy, D. L, Dong, Subo, Gaudi, B. S, Hung, L.-W, Jablonski, F, Lee, C.-U, McCormick, J, Moorhouse, D, Muxf1oz, J. A, Natusch, T, Nola, M, Pogge, R. W, Skowron, J, Thornley, G, The μFUN Collaboration, Abe, F, Bennett, D. P, Botzler, C. S, Chote, P, Freeman, M, Fukui, A, Furusawa, K, Harris, P, and Itow, Y.
Published: 2013

269. The Microlensing Event Rate and Optical Depth Toward the Galactic Bulge from MOA-II

Author: Sumi, T., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Abe, F., Botzler, C. S., Fukui, A., Furusawa, K., Itow, Y., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., Sweatman, W. L., Tristram, J., Wada, K., and Yock, P. C. M.
Subjects: Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Gravitational microlensing, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Luminosity, Einstein radius, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Bulge, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Optical depth (astrophysics), Red clump, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We present measurements of the microlensing optical depth and event rate toward the Galactic Bulge based on two years of the MOA-II survey. This sample contains ~1000 microlensing events, with an Einstein Radius crossing time of t_E < 200 days between -5, Comment: 46 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2013
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270. MOA-2010-BLG-328Lb: A SUB-NEPTUNE ORBITING VERY LATE M DWARF?

Author: Furusawa, K., Udalski, A., Sumi, T., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Gould, A., Jorgensen, U. G., Snodgrass, C., Prester, D. Dominis, Albrow, M. D., Abe, F., Botzler, C. S., Chote, P., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Harris, P., Itow, Y., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Miyake, N., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., Sweatman, W. L., Tristram, P. J., Wada, K., Yock, P. C. M., Szymanski, M. K., Soszynski, I., Kubiak, M., Poleski, R., Ulaczyk, K., Pietrzynski, G., Wyrzykowski, L., Choi, J. Y., Christie, G. W., DePoy, D. L., Dong, S., Drummond, J., Gaudi, B. S., Han, C., Hung, L. -W., Jung, Y. -K., Lee, C. -U., McCormick, J., Moorhouse, D., Natusch, T., Nola, M., Ofek, E., Park, B. G., Park, H., Pogge, R. W., Shin, I. -G., Skowron, J., Thornley, G., Yee, J. C., Alsubai, K. A., Bozza, V., Browne, P., Burgdorf, M. J., Novati, S. Calchi, Dodds, P., Dominik, M., Finet, F., Gerner, T., Hardis, S., Harpsoe, K., Hinse, T. C., Hundertmark, M., Kains, N., Kerins, E., Liebig, C., Mancini, L., Mathiasen, M., Penny, M. T., Proft, S., Rahvar, S., Ricci, D., Scarpetta, G., Schafer, S., Schonebeck, F., Southworth, J., Surdej, J., Wambsganss, J., Street, R. A., Bramich, D. M., Steele, I. A., Tsapras, Y., Horne, K., Donatowicz, J., Sahu, K. C., Bachelet, E., Batista, V., Beatty, T. G., Beaulieu, J. -P., Bennett, C. S., Black, C., Bowens-Rubin, R., Brillant, S., Caldwell, J. A. R., Cassan, A., Cole, A. A., Corrales, E., Coutures, C., Dieters, S., Fouque, P., Greenhill, J., Henderson, C. B., Kubas, D., Marquette, J. -B., Martin, R., Menzies, J. W., Shappee, B., Williams, A., Wouters, D., van Saders, J., Zellem, R., Zub, M., Science & Technology Facilities Council, and University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy
Subjects: gravitational lensing: micro, planetary systems, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Gravitational microlensing, 01 natural sciences, micro [Gravitational lensing], Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Neptune, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, QB Astronomy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, QB, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Xallarap, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Planetary systems, QC Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Orbital motion, Parallax, Event (particle physics), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We analyze the planetary microlensing event MOA-2010-BLG-328. The best fit yields host and planetary masses of Mh = 0.11+/-0.01 M_{sun} and Mp = 9.2+/-2.2M_Earth, corresponding to a very late M dwarf and sub-Neptune-mass planet, respectively. The system lies at DL = 0.81 +/- 0.10 kpc with projected separation r = 0.92 +/- 0.16 AU. Because of the host's a-priori-unlikely close distance, as well as the unusual nature of the system, we consider the possibility that the microlens parallax signal, which determines the host mass and distance, is actually due to xallarap (source orbital motion) that is being misinterpreted as parallax. We show a result that favors the parallax solution, even given its close host distance. We show that future high-resolution astrometric measurements could decisively resolve the remaining ambiguity of these solutions., Comment: 30 pages, 6 figures. accepted for publication in ApJ. Figure 1 and 2 are updated
Published: 2013

271. Microlensing Binaries with Candidate Brown Dwarf Companions

Author: Shin, I.-G., Han, C., Gould, A., Udalski, A., Sumi, T., Dominik, M., Beaulieu, J.-P., Tsapras, Y., Bozza, V., Szymański, M. K., Kubiak, M., Soszyński, I., Pietrzyński, G., Poleski, R., Ulaczyk, K., Pietrukowicz, P., Kozłowski, S., Skowron, J., Wyrzykowski, Ł., The OGLE Collaboration, Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Furusawa, K., Hayashi, F., Hearnshaw, J. B., Hosaka, S., Itow, Y., Kamiya, K., Kilmartin, P. M., Kobara, S., Korpela, A., Lin, W., Ling, C. H., Makita, S., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Miyake, N., Muraki, Y., Nagaya, M., Nishimoto, K., Ohnishi, K., Okumura, T., Omori, K., Perrott, Y. C., Rattenbury, N., Saito, To., Skuljan, L., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., Sweatman, W. L., Tristram, P. J., Wada, K., Yock, P. C. M., The MOA Collaboration, Christie, G. W., Depoy, D. L., Dong, S., Gal-Yam, A., Gaudi, B. S., Hung, L.-W., Janczak, J., Kaspi, S., Maoz, D., McCormick, J., McGregor, D., Moorhouse, D., Muñoz, J. A., Natusch, T., Nelson, C., Pogge, R. W., Tan, T.-G., Polishook, D., Shvartzvald, Y., Shporer, A., Thornley, G., Malamud, U., Yee, J. C., Choi, J.-Y., Jung, Y.-K., Park, H., Lee, C.-U., Park, B.-G., Koo, J.-R., The μFUN Collaboration, Bajek, D., Bramich, D. M., Browne, P., Horne, K., Ipatov, S., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I., Street, R., Alsubai, K. A., Burgdorf, M. J., Calchi Novati, S., Dodds, P., Dreizler, S., Fang, X.-S., Grundahl, F., Gu, C.-H., Hardis, S., Harpsøe, Kennet Bomann West, Hinse, T. C., Hundertmark, M., Jessen-Hansen, J., Jørgensen, U. G., Kains, N., Kerins, E., Liebig, C., Lund, Mikkel Nørup, Lundkvist, M., Mancini, L., Mathiasen, M., Hornstrup, A., Penny, M. T., Proft, S., Rahvar, S., Ricci, D., Scarpetta, G., Skottfelt, Jesper Fælling, Southworth, J., Surdej, J., Tregloan-Reed, J., Wertz, O., Zimmer, F., Albrow, M. D., Batista, V., Brillant, S., Caldwell, J. A. R., Calitz, J. J., Cassan, A., Cole, A., Cook, K. H., Corrales, E., Coutures, Ch., Dieters, S., Dominis Prester, D., Donatowicz, J., Fouqué, P., Greenhill, J., Hill, K., Hoffman, M., Kane, S. R., Kubas, D., Marquette, J.-B., Martin, R., Meintjes, P., Menzies, J., Pollard, K. R., Sahu, K. C., Wambsganss, J., Williams, A., Vinter, Christian, and Zub, M.
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Brown dwarf, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gravitational lensing: micro, Astrophysics, Light curve, Gravitational microlensing, 01 natural sciences, Einstein radius, Stars, binaries: general, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, brown dwarfs, Parallax, Low Mass, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: Brown dwarfs are important objects because they may provide a missing link between stars and planets, two populations that have dramatically different formation history. In this paper, we present the candidate binaries with brown dwarf companions that are found by analyzing binary microlensing events discovered during 2004 - 2011 observation seasons. Based on the low mass ratio criterion of q < 0.2, we found 7 candidate events, including OGLE-2004-BLG-035, OGLE-2004-BLG-039, OGLE-2007-BLG-006, OGLE-2007-BLG-399/MOA-2007-BLG-334, MOA-2011-BLG-104/OGLE-2011-BLG-0172, MOA-2011-BLG-149, and MOA-201-BLG-278/OGLE-2011-BLG-012N. Among them, we are able to confirm that the companions of the lenses of MOA-2011-BLG-104/OGLE-2011-BLG-0172 and MOA-2011-BLG-149 are brown dwarfs by determining the mass of the lens based on the simultaneous measurement of the Einstein radius and the lens parallax. The measured mass of the brown dwarf companions are (0.02 +/- 0.01) M_Sun and (0.019 +/- 0.002) M_Sun for MOA-2011-BLG-104/OGLE-2011-BLG-0172 and MOA-2011-BLG-149, respectively, and both companions are orbiting low mass M dwarf host stars. More microlensing brown dwarfs are expected to be detected as the number of lensing events with well covered light curves increases with new generation searches., 10 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2012

272. Microlensing Binaries with Candidate Brown Dwarf Companions

Author: Shin, I.-G, Han, C, Gould, A, Udalski, A, Sumi, T, Dominik, M, Beaulieu, J.-P, Tsapras, Y, Bozza, V, Szymański, M. K, Kubiak, M, Soszyński, I, Pietrzyński, G, Poleski, R, Ulaczyk, K, Pietrukowicz, P, Kozłowski, S, Skowron, J, Wyrzykowski, Ł, The OGLE Collaboration, Abe, F, Bennett, D. P, Bond, I. A, Botzler, C. S, Freeman, M, Fukui, A, Furusawa, K, Hayashi, F, Hearnshaw, J. B, Hosaka, S, Itow, Y, Kamiya, K, Kilmartin, P. M, Kobara, S, Korpela, A, Lin, W, Ling, C. H, and Maki
Published: 2012

273. Characterizing Lenses and Lensed Stars of High-magnification Single-lens Gravitational Microlensing Events with Lenses Passing over Source Stars

Author: Choi, J.-Y., Shin, I.-G., Park, S.-Y., Han, C., Gould, A., Sumi, T., Udalski, A., Beaulieu, J.-P., Street, R., Dominik, M., Allen, W., Almeida, L. A., Bos, M., Christie, G. W., Depoy, D. L., Dong, S., Drummond, J., Gal-Yam, A., Gaudi, B. S., Henderson, C. B., Hung, L.-W., Jablonski, F., Janczak, J., Lee, C.-U., Mallia, F., Maury, A., McCormick, J., McGregor, D., Monard, L. A. G., Moorhouse, D., Muñoz, J. A., Natusch, T., Nelson, C., Park, B.-G., Pogge, R. W., 'TG\\' Tan, T.-G., Thornley, G., Yee, J. C., The μFUN Collaboration, Abe, F., Barnard, E., Baudry, J., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Furusawa, K., Hayashi, F., Hearnshaw, J. B., Hosaka, S., Itow, Y., Kamiya, K., Kilmartin, P. M., Kobara, S., Korpela, A., Lin, W., Ling, C. H., Makita, S., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Miyake, N., Muraki, Y., Nagaya, M., Nishimoto, K., Ohnishi, K., Okumura, T., Omori, K., Perrott, Y. C., Rattenbury, N., Saito, To., Skuljan, L., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., Suzuki, K., Sweatman, W. L., Takino, S., Tristram, P. J., Wada, K., Yock, P. C. M., The MOA Collaboration, Szymański, M. K., Kubiak, M., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Poleski, R., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Kozłowski, S., Pietrukowicz, P., The OGLE Collaboration, Albrow, M. D., Bachelet, E., Batista, V., Bennett, C. S., Bowens-Rubin, R., Brillant, S., Cassan, A., Cole, A., Corrales, E., Coutures, Ch., Dieters, S., Dominis Prester, D., Donatowicz, J., Fouqué, P., Greenhill, J., Kane, S. R., Menzies, J., Sahu, K. C., Wambsganss, J., Williams, A., Zub, M., The PLANET Collaboration, Allan, A., Bramich, D. M., Browne, P., Clay, N., Fraser, S., Horne, K., Kains, N., Mottram, C., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I., Tsapras, Y., The RoboNet Collaboration, Alsubai, K. A., Bozza, V., Burgdorf, M. J., Calchi Novati, S., Dodds, P., Dreizler, S., Finet, F., Gerner, T., Glitrup, M., Grundahl, F., Hardis, S., Harpsøe, K., Hinse, T. C., Hundertmark, M., Jørgensen, U. G., Kerins, E., Liebig, C., Maier, G., Mancini, L., Mathiasen, M., Penny, M. T., Proft, S., Rahvar, S., Ricci, D., Scarpetta, G., Schäfer, S., Schönebeck, F., Skottfelt, Jesper Fælling, Surdej, J., Southworth, J., Zimmer, F., and MiNDSTEp Consortium, The
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Brown dwarf, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gravitational lensing: micro, Astrophysics, Mass ratio, Light curve, Gravitational microlensing, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy: bulge, Galaxy: bulge, gravitational lensing: micro, Einstein radius, law.invention, Lens (optics), Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Space and Planetary Science, law, 0103 physical sciences, Surface brightness, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: We present the analysis of the light curves of 9 high-magnification single-lens gravitational microlensing events with lenses passing over source stars, including OGLE-2004-BLG-254, MOA-2007-BLG-176, MOA-2007-BLG-233/OGLE-2007-BLG-302, MOA-2009-BLG-174, MOA-2010-BLG-436, MOA-2011-BLG-093, MOA-2011-BLG-274, OGLE-2011-BLG-0990/MOA-2011-BLG-300, and OGLE-2011-BLG-1101/MOA-2011-BLG-325. For all events, we measure the linear limb-darkening coefficients of the surface brightness profile of source stars by measuring the deviation of the light curves near the peak affected by the finite-source effect. For 7 events, we measure the Einstein radii and the lens-source relative proper motions. Among them, 5 events are found to have Einstein radii less than 0.2 mas, making the lenses candidates of very low-mass stars or brown dwarfs. For MOA-2011-BLG-274, especially, the small Einstein radius of $\theta_{\rm E}\sim 0.08$ mas combined with the short time scale of $t_{\rm E}\sim 2.7$ days suggests the possibility that the lens is a free-floating planet. For MOA-2009-BLG-174, we measure the lens parallax and thus uniquely determine the physical parameters of the lens. We also find that the measured lens mass of $\sim 0.84\ M_\odot$ is consistent with that of a star blended with the source, suggesting that the blend is likely to be the lens. Although we find planetary signals for none of events, we provide exclusion diagrams showing the confidence levels excluding the existence of a planet as a function of the separation and mass ratio., Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables
Published: 2012

274. Characterizing Low-Mass Binaries From Observation of Long Time-scale Caustic-crossing Gravitational Microlensing Events

Author: Shin, I.-G, Han, C., Choi, J.-Y, Udalski, A., Sumi, T., Gould, A., Bozza, V., Dominik, M., Fouque´, P., Horne, K., Szyman´ski, M. K., Kubiak, M., Soszyn´ski, I., Pietrzyn´ski, G., Poleski, R., Ulaczyk, K., Pietrukowicz, P., Kozłowski, S., Skowron, J., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Chote, P., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Furusawa, K., Itow, Y., Kobara, S., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Miyake, N., Muraki, Y., Ohmori, K., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To, Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., Suzuki, K., Sweatman, W. L., Takino, S., Tristram, P. J., Wada, K., Yock, P. C. M., MOA Collaboration, Bramich, D. M., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I. A., Street, R. A., Tsapras, Y., RoboNet Collaboration, Alsubai, K. A., Browne, P., Burgdorf, M. J., Calchi Novati, S., Dodds, P., Dreizler, S., Fang, X.-S, Grundahl, Frank, Gu, C.-H, Hardis, S., Harpsøe, Kennet Bomann West, Hinse, T. C., Hornstrup, Allan, Hundertmark, M., Jessen-Hansen, Jens, Jørgensen, U. G., Kains, N., Kerins, E., Liebig, C., Lund, M., Lunkkvist, M., Mancini, L., Mathiasen, M., Penny, M. T., Rahvar, S., Ricci, D., Scarpetta, G., Skottfelt, J., Southworth, J., Surdej, J., Tregloan-Reed, J., Wambsganss, J., Wertz, O., Almeida, L. A., Batista, V., Christie, G., DePoy, D. L., Dong, Subo, Gaudi, B. S., Henderson, C., Jablonski, F., Lee, C.-U, McCormick, J., McGregor, D., Moorhouse, D., Natusch, T., Ngan, H., Park, S.-Y., Pogge, R. W., Tan, T.-G, Thornley, G., Yee, J. C., Albrow, M. D., Bachelet, E., Beaulieu, J.-P, Brillant, S., Cassan, A., Cole, A. A., Corrales, E., Coutures, C., Dieters, S., Dominis Prester, D., Donatowicz, J., Greenhill, J., Kubas, D., Marquette, J.-B, Menzies, J. W., Sahu, K. C., and Zub, M.
Subjects: binaries: general, gravitational lensing: micro, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Binary number, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Gravitational microlensing, 01 natural sciences, Einstein radius, micro [Gravitational lensing], Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, Binary star, binaries: general, gravitational lensing: micro, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Orbital elements, Physics, general [Binaries], Observational techniques, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Low Mass
Abstract: Despite astrophysical importance of binary star systems, detections are limited to those located in small ranges of separations, distances, and masses and thus it is necessary to use a variety of observational techniques for a complete view of stellar multiplicity across a broad range of physical parameters. In this paper, we report the detections and measurements of 2 binaries discovered from observations of microlensing events MOA-2011-BLG-090 and OGLE-2011-BLG-0417. Determinations of the binary masses are possible by simultaneously measuring the Einstein radius and the lens parallax. The measured masses of the binary components are 0.43 $M_{\odot}$ and 0.39 $M_{\odot}$ for MOA-2011-BLG-090 and 0.57 $M_{\odot}$ and 0.17 $M_{\odot}$ for OGLE-2011-BLG-0417 and thus both lens components of MOA-2011-BLG-090 and one component of OGLE-2011-BLG-0417 are M dwarfs, demonstrating the usefulness of microlensing in detecting binaries composed of low-mass components. From modeling of the light curves considering full Keplerian motion of the lens, we also measure the orbital parameters of the binaries. The blended light of OGLE-2011-BLG-0417 comes very likely from the lens itself, making it possible to check the microlensing orbital solution by follow-up radial-velocity observation. For both events, the caustic-crossing parts of the light curves, which are critical for determining the physical lens parameters, were resolved by high-cadence survey observations and thus it is expected that the number of microlensing binaries with measured physical parameters will increase in the future., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2012

275. OGLE-2008-BLG-510: first automated real-time detection of a weak microlensing anomaly - brown dwarf or stellar binary?

Author: Bozza, Valerio, Dominik, M., Rattenbury, N. J., Joergensen, U. G., Tsapras, Y., Bramich, D. M., Udalski, A., Bond, I. A., Liebig, C., Fouque, A. Cassan P., Fukui, A., Hundertmark, M., Shin, I. G., Lee, S. H., Choi, J. Y., Park, S. Y., Gould, A., Allan, A., Mao, S., Wyrzykowski, L., Street, R. A., Buckley, D., Nagayama, T., Mathiasen, M., Hinse, T. C., CALCHI NOVATI, Sebastiano, Harpsoee, K., Mancini, Luigi, Scarpetta, Gaetano, Anguita, T., Burgdorf, M. J., Horne, K., Hornstrup, A., Kains, N., Kerins, E., Kjaergaard, P., Masi, G., Rahvar, S., Ricci, D., Snodgrass, C., Southworth, J., Steele, I. A., Surdej, J., Thoene, C. C., Wambsganss, J., Zub, M., Albrow, M. D., Batista, V., Beaulieu, J. P., Bennett, D. P., Caldwell, J. A. R., Cole, A., Cook, K. H., Coutures, C., Dieters, S., Dominis Prester, D., Donatowicz, J., Greenhill, J., Kane, S. R., Kubas, D., Marquette, J. B., Martin, R., Menzies, J., Pollard, K. R., Sahu, K. C., Williams, A., Szymanski, M. K., Kubiak, M., Pietrzynski, G., Soszynski, I., Poleski, R., Ulaczyk, K., Depoy, D. L., Dong, S., Han, C., Janczak, J., Lee, C. U., Pogge, R. W., Abe, F., Furusawa, K., Hearnshaw, J. B., Itow, Y., Kilmartin, P. M., Korpela, A. V., Lin, W., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Miyake, N., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Perrott, Y. C., Saito, T. o., Skuljan, L., Sullivan, D. J., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Sweatman, W. L., Tristram, P. J., Wada, K., Yock, P. C. M., Gulbis, A., Hashimoto, Y., Kniazev, A., and Vaisanen, P.
Subjects: gravitational lensing: micro, planetary systems
Published: 2012

276. OGLE-2008-BLG-510: first automated real-time detection of a weak microlensing anomaly - brown dwarf or stellar binary?

Author: Bozza, V., Dominik, M., Rattenbury, N. J., Joergensen, U. G., Tsapras, Y., Bramich, D. M., Udalski, A., Bond, I. A., Liebig, C., Cassan, A., Fouque, P., Fukui, A., Hundertmark, M., Shin, I. -G., Lee, S. H., Choi, J. -Y., Park, S. -Y., Gould, A., Allan, A., Mao, S., Wyrzykowski, L., Street, R. A., Buckley, D., Nagayama, T., Mathiasen, M., Hinse, T. C., Novati, S. Calchi, Harpsoee, K., Mancini, L., Scarpetta, G., Anguita, T., Burgdorf, M. J., Horne, K., Hornstrup, A., Kains, N., Kerins, E., Kjaergaard, P., Masi, G., Rahvar, S., Ricci, D., Snodgrass, C., Southworth, J., Steele, I. A., Surdej, J., Thoene, C. C., Wambsganss, J., Zub, M., Albrow, M. D., Batista, V., Beaulieu, J. -P., Bennett, D. P., Caldwell, J. A. R., Cole, A, Cook, K. H., Coutures, C., Dieters, S., Prester, D. Dominis, Donatowicz, J., Greenhill, J., Kane, S. R., Kubas, D., Marquette, J. -B., Martin, R., Menzies, J., Pollard, K. R., Sahu, K. C., Williams, A., Szymanski, M. K., Kubiak, M., Pietrzynski, G., Soszynski, I., Poleski, R., Ulaczyk, K., DePoy, D. L., Dong, S., Han, C., Janczak, J., Lee, C. -U., Pogge, R. W., Abe, F., Furusawa, K., Hearnshaw, J. B., Itow, Y., Kilmartin, P. M., Korpela, A. V., Lin, W., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Miyake, N., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Perrott, Y. C., Saito, To., Skuljan, L., Sullivan, D. J., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Sweatman, W. L., Tristram, P. J., Wada, K., Yock, P. C. M., Gulbis, A., Hashimoto, Y., Kniazev, A., Vaisanen, P., Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], FOS: Physical sciences, gravitational lensing: micro, planetary systems, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: The microlensing event OGLE-2008-BLG-510 is characterised by an evident asymmetric shape of the peak, promptly detected by the ARTEMiS system in real time. The skewness of the light curve appears to be compatible both with binary-lens and binary-source models, including the possibility that the lens system consists of an M dwarf orbited by a brown dwarf. The detection of this microlensing anomaly and our analysis demonstrates that: 1) automated real-time detection of weak microlensing anomalies with immediate feedback is feasible, efficient, and sensitive, 2) rather common weak features intrinsically come with ambiguities that are not easily resolved from photometric light curves, 3) a modelling approach that finds all features of parameter space rather than just the `favourite model' is required, and 4) the data quality is most crucial, where systematics can be confused with real features, in particular small higher-order effects such as orbital motion signatures. It moreover becomes apparent that events with weak signatures are a silver mine for statistical studies, although not easy to exploit. Clues about the apparent paucity of both brown-dwarf companions and binary-source microlensing events might hide here., 17 pages with 8 figures, MNRAS submitted
Published: 2012

277. Microlensing Binaries Discovered through High-Magnification Channel

Author: Shin, I.-G., Choi, J.-Y., Park, S.-Y., Han, C., Gould, A., Sumi, T., Udalski, A., Beaulieu, J.-P., Dominik, M., Allen, W., Bos, M., Christie, G. W., Depoy, D. L., Dong, S., Drummond, J., Gal-Yam, A., Gaudi, B. S., Hung, L.-W., Janczak, J., Kaspi, S., Lee, C.-U., Mallia, F., Maoz, D., Maury, A., McCormick, J., Monard, L. A. G., Moorhouse, D., Muñoz, J. A., Natusch, T., Nelson, C., Park, B.-G., Pogge, R. W., Polishook, D., Shvartzvald, Y., Shporer, A., Thornley, G., Yee, J. C., μFUN Collaboration, Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Fukui, A., Furusawa, K., Hayashi, F., Hearnshaw, J. B., Hosaka, S., Itow, Y., Kamiya, K., Kilmartin, P. M., Kobara, S., Korpela, A., Lin, W., Ling, C. H., Makita, S., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Miyake, N., Muraki, Y., Nagaya, M., Nishimoto, K., Ohnishi, K., Okumura, T., Omori, K., Perrott, Y. C., Rattenbury, N., Saito, To., Skuljan, L., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., Sweatman, W. L., Tristram, P. J., Wada, K., Yock, P. C. M., MOA Collaboration, Szymański, M. K., Kubiak, M., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Poleski, R., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Kozłowski, S., Pietrukowicz, P., OGLE Collaboration, Albrow, M. D., Batista, V., Bramich, D. M., Brillant, S., Caldwell, J. A. R., Calitz, J. J., Cassan, A., Cole, A., Cook, K. H., Corrales, E., Coutures, Ch., Dieters, S., Dominis Prester, D., Donatowicz, J., Fouqué, P., Greenhill, J., Hoffman, M., Jørgensen, U. G., Kane, S. R., Kubas, D., Marquette, J.-B., Martin, R., Meintjes, P., Menzies, J., Pollard, K. R., Sahu, K. C., Wambsganss, J., Williams, A., Vinter, Christian, Zub, M., PLANET Collaboration, Allan, A., Browne, P., Horne, K., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I., Street, R., Tsapras, Y., RoboNet Collaboration, Alsubai, K. A., Bozza, V., Burgdorf, M. J., Calchi Novati, S., Dodds, P., Dreizler, S., Finet, F., Gerner, T., Glitrup, M., Grundahl, F., Hardis, S., Harpsøe, Kennet Bomann West, Hessman, F. V., Hinse, T. C., Hundertmark, M., Kains, N., Kerins, E., Liebig, C., Maier, G., Mancini, L., Mathiasen, M., Penny, M. T., Proft, S., Rahvar, S., Ricci, D., Scarpetta, G., Schäfer, S., Schönebeck, F., Skottfelt, Jesper Fælling, Surdej, J., Southworth, J., Zimmer, F., and MiNDSTEp Consortium
Subjects: binaries: general, gravitational lensing: micro, Binary number, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Gravitational microlensing, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Planet, law, 0103 physical sciences, binaries: general, gravitational lensing: micro, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mass ratio, Light curve, 3. Good health, Lens (optics), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Degeneracy (mathematics), Event (particle physics)
Abstract: Microlensing can provide a useful tool to probe binary distributions down to low-mass limits of binary companions. In this paper, we analyze the light curves of 8 binary lensing events detected through the channel of high-magnification events during the seasons from 2007 to 2010. The perturbations, which are confined near the peak of the light curves, can be easily distinguished from the central perturbations caused by planets. However, the degeneracy between close and wide binary solutions cannot be resolved with a $3\sigma$ confidence level for 3 events, implying that the degeneracy would be an important obstacle in studying binary distributions. The dependence of the degeneracy on the lensing parameters is consistent with a theoretic prediction that the degeneracy becomes severe as the binary separation and the mass ratio deviate from the values of resonant caustics. The measured mass ratio of the event OGLE-2008-BLG-510/MOA-2008-BLG-369 is $q\sim 0.1$, making the companion of the lens a strong brown-dwarf candidate., Comment: 10 figures, 6 tables, 26 pages
Published: 2011

278. OGLE-2009-BLG-023/MOA-2009-BLG-028: Characterization of a Binary Microlensing Event Based on Survey Data

Author: Hwang, K. -H., Han, C., Udalski, A., Sumi, T., Gould, A., Jaroszynski, M., Kubiak, M., Szymanski, M. K., Pietrzynski, G., Soszynski, I., Szewczyk, O., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, L., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Furusawa, K., Hearnshaw, J. B., Itow, Y., Kamiya, K., Kilmartin, P. M., Korpela, A., Lin, W., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Miyake, N., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Perrott, Y. C., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sako, T., Sullivan, D. J., Sweatman, W. L., Tristram, P. J., and Yock, P. C. M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: We report the result of the analysis of the light curve of a caustic-crossing binary-lens microlensing event OGLE-2009-BLG-023/MOA-2009-BLG-028. Even though the event was observed solely by survey experiments, we could uniquely determine the mass of the lens and distance to it by simultaneously measuring the Einstein radius and lens parallax. From this, we find that the lens system is composed of M-type dwarfs with masses $(0.50\pm 0.07) \ M_\odot$ and $(0.15\pm 0.02)\ M_\odot$ located in the Galactic disk with a distance of $\sim 1.8$ kpc toward the Galactic bulge direction. The event demonstrates that physical lens parameters of binary-lens events can be routinely determined from future high-cadence lensing surveys and thus microlensing can provide a new way to study Galactic binaries., 8 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2011

279. A sub-Saturn mass planet, MOA-2009-BLG-319Lb

Author: Miyake, N., Sumi, T., Dong, Subo, Street, R., Mancini, L., Gould, A., Bennett, D. P., Tsapras, Y., Yee, J. C., Albrow, M. D., Bond, I. A., Fouque, P., Browne, P., Han, C., Snodgrass, C., Finet, F., Furusawa, K., Harpsoe, K., Allen, W., Hundertmark, M., Freeman, M., Suzuki, D., Abe, F., Botzler, C. S., Douchin, D., Fukui, A., Hayashi, F., Hearnshaw, J. B., Hosaka, S., Itow, Y., Kamiya, K., Kilmartin, P. M., Korpela, A., Lin, W., Ling, C. H., Makita, S., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Nagayama, T., Nishimoto, K., Ohnishi, K., Perrott, Y. C., Rattenbury, N., Saito, To., Skuljan, L., Sullivan, D. J., Sweatman, W. L., Tristram, P. J., Wada, K., Yock, P. C. M., Collaboration, The MOA, Bolt, G., Bos, M., Christie, G. W., DePoy, D. L., Drummond, J., Gal-Yam, A., Gaudi, B. S., Gorbikov, E., Higgins, D., Janczak, K. -H. Hwang J., Kaspi, S., Lee, C. -U., Koo, J. -R., lowski, S. Koz, Lee, Y., Mallia, F., Maury, A., Maoz, D., McCormick, J., Monard, L. A. G., Moorhouse, D., Mu~noz, J. A., Natusch, T., Ofek, E. O., Pogge, R. W., Polishook, D., Santallo, R., Shporer, A., Spector, O., Thornley, G., Collaboration, The Micro FUN, Allan, A., Bramich, D. M., Horne, K., Kains, N., Steele, I., Collaboration, The RoboNet, Bozza, V., Burgdorf, M. J., Novati, S. Calchi, Dominik, M., Dreizler, S., Glitrup, M., Hessman, F. V., Hinse, T. C., Jorgensen, U. G., Liebig, C., Maier, G., Mathiasen, M., Rahvar, S., Ricci, D., Scarpetta, G., Skottfelt, J., Southworth, J., Surdej, J., Wambsganss, J., Zimmer, F., Consortium, The MiNDSTEp, Batista, V., Beaulieu, J. P., Brillant, S., Cassan, A., Cole, A., Corrales, E., Coutures, Ch., Dieters, S., Greenhill, J., Kubas, D., Menzies, J., and Collaboration, The PLANET
Subjects: Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Planetary system, Mass ratio, Gravitational microlensing, Light curve, 01 natural sciences, Einstein radius, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, Saturn, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Planetary mass, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We report the gravitational microlensing discovery of a sub-Saturn mass planet, MOA-2009-BLG-319Lb, orbiting a K or M-dwarf star in the inner Galactic disk or Galactic bulge. The high cadence observations of the MOA-II survey discovered this microlensing event and enabled its identification as a high magnification event approximately 24 hours prior to peak magnification. As a result, the planetary signal at the peak of this light curve was observed by 20 different telescopes, which is the largest number of telescopes to contribute to a planetary discovery to date. The microlensing model for this event indicates a planet-star mass ratio of q = (3.95 +/- 0.02) x 10^{-4} and a separation of d = 0.97537 +/- 0.00007 in units of the Einstein radius. A Bayesian analysis based on the measured Einstein radius crossing time, t_E, and angular Einstein radius, \theta_E, along with a standard Galactic model indicates a host star mass of M_L = 0.38^{+0.34}_{-0.18} M_{Sun} and a planet mass of M_p = 50^{+44}_{-24} M_{Earth}, which is half the mass of Saturn. This analysis also yields a planet-star three-dimensional separation of a = 2.4^{+1.2}_{-0.6} AU and a distance to the planetary system of D_L = 6.1^{+1.1}_{-1.2} kpc. This separation is ~ 2 times the distance of the snow line, a separation similar to most of the other planets discovered by microlensing., Comment: accepted to ApJ, 28 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2011

280. MOA-2009-BLG-387Lb: A massive planet orbiting an M dwarf

Author: Batista, V., Gould, A., Dieters, S., Dong, S., Bond, I., Beaulieu, J. P., Maoz, D., Monard, B., Christie, G. W., Mccormick, J., Albrow, M. D., Horne, K., Tsapras, Y., Burgdorf, M. J., Calchi Novati, S., Skottfelt, J., Caldwell, J., Kozłowski, S., Kubas, D., Gaudi, B. S., Han, C., Bennett, D. P., An, J., Abe, F., Botzler, C. S., Douchin, D., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Furusawa, K., Hearnshaw, J. B., Hosaka, S., Itow, Y., Kamiya, K., Kilmartin, P. M., Korpela, A., Lin, W., Ling, C. H., Makita, B. S., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Miyake, N., Muraki, Y., Nagaya, M., Nishimoto, K., Ohnishi, K., Okumura, T., Perrott, Y. C., Rattenbury, N., Saito, T. o., Sullivan, D. J., Sumi, T., Sweatman, W. L., Tristram, P. J., von Seggern, E., Yock, P. C. M., Brillant, S., Calitz, J. J., Cassan, A., Cole, A., Cook, K., Coutures, C., Dominis Prester, D., Donatowicz, J., Greenhill, J., Hoffman, M., Jablonski, F., Kane, S. R., Kains, N., Marquette, J. B., Martin, R., Martioli, E., Meintjes, P., Menzies, J., Pedretti, E., Pollard, K., Sahu, K. C., Vinter, C., Wambsganss, J., Watson, R., Williams, A., Zub, M., Allen, W., Bolt, G., Bos, M., Depoy, D. L., Drummond, J., Eastman, J. D., Gal Yam, A., Gorbikov, E., Higgins, D., Janczak, J., Kaspi, S., Lee, C. U., Mallia, F., Maury, A., Monard, L. A. G., Moorhouse, D., Morgan, N., Natusch, T., Ofek, E. O., Park, B. G., Pogge, R. W., Polishook, D., Santallo, R., Shporer, A., Spector, O., Thornley, G., Yee, J. C., Bozza, Valerio, Browne, P., Dominik, M., Dreizler, S., Finet, F., Glitrup, M., Grundahl, F., Harpsøe, K., Hessman, F. V., Hinse, T. C., Hundertmark, M., Jørgensen, U. G., Liebig, C., Maier, G., Mancini, L., Mathiasen, M., Rahvar, S., Ricci, D., Scarpetta, Gaetano, Southworth, J., Surdej, J., Zimmer, F., Allan, A., Bramich, D. M., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I. A., and Street, R. A.
Subjects: Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Mass ratio, Gravitational microlensing, 01 natural sciences, Einstein radius, Jupiter, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Orbital motion, High Energy Physics::Experiment, gravitational lensing, micro methods, data analysis, planets, satellites, detection, methods, numerical, instrumentation, adaptive optics, photometers, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Planetary mass, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We report the discovery of a planet with a high planet-to-star mass ratio in the microlensing event MOA-2009-BLG-387, which exhibited pronounced deviations over a 12-day interval, one of the longest for any planetary event. The host is an M dwarf, with a mass in the range 0.07 M_sun < M_host < 0.49M_sun at 90% confidence. The planet-star mass ratio q = 0.0132 +- 0.003 has been measured extremely well, so at the best-estimated host mass, the planet mass is m_p = 2.6 Jupiter masses for the median host mass, M = 0.19 M_sun. The host mass is determined from two "higher order" microlensing parameters. One of these, the angular Einstein radius ��_E = 0.31 +- 0.03 mas, is very well measured, but the other (the microlens parallax ��_E, which is due to the Earth's orbital motion) is highly degenate with the orbital motion of the planet. We statistically resolve the degeneracy between Earth and planet orbital effects by imposing priors from a Galactic model that specifies the positions and velocities of lenses and sources and a Kepler model of orbits. The 90% confidence intervals for the distance, semi-major axis, and period of the planet are 3.5 kpc < D_L < 7.9 kpc, 1.1 AU < a < 2.7AU, and 3.8 yr < P < 7.6 yr, respectively., 20 pages including 8 figures. A&A 529 102 (2011)
Published: 2011
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281. Completing the Census of Exoplanets with the Microlensing Planet Finder (MPF)

Author: Bennett, David P., Anderson, J., Beaulieu, J. -P., Bond, I., Cheng, E., Cook, K., Friedman, S., Gaudi, B. S., Gould, A., Jenkins, J., Kimble, R., Lin, D., Mather, J., Rich, M., Sahu, K., Shao, M., Sumi, T., Tenerelli, D., Udalski, A., and Yock, P.
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The MPF mission will provide a statistical census of exoplanets with masses greater than 0.1 Earth-masses and orbital separations ranging from 0.5AU to infinity. This includes analogs to all the Solar System's planets except for Mercury, as well as most types of planets predicted by planet formation theories. Such a survey will provide results on the frequency of planets around all types of stars except those with short lifetimes. Close-in planets with separations < 0.5 AU are invisible to a space-based microlensing survey, but these can be found by Kepler. Other methods, including ground-based microlensing, cannot approach the comprehensive statistics on the mass and semi-major axis distribution of extrasolar planets that a space-based microlensing survey will provide. The terrestrial planet sensitivity of a ground-based microlensing survey is limited to the vicinity of the Einstein radius at 2-3 AU, and space-based imaging is needed to identify and determine the mass of the planetary host stars for the vast majority of planets discovered by microlensing. Thus, a space-based microlensing survey is likely to be the only way to gain a comprehensive understanding of the architecture of planetary systems, which is needed to understand planet formation and habitability. MPF can accomplish these objectives with proven technology and a cost of $333 million (excluding launch vehicle)., RFI Response for the Astro2010 Program Prioritization Panel, (The Basis for the Exoplanet Program of the WFIRST Mission)
Published: 2010

282. Static and fatigue tensile properties of cross-ply laminates containing vascules for self-healing applications

Author: Luterbacher, R, primary, Trask, R S, additional, and Bond, I P, additional
Published: 2015
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283. MOA-2010-BLG-353Lb: a possible Saturn revealed

Author: Rattenbury, N. J., primary, Bennett, D. P., additional, Sumi, T., additional, Koshimoto, N., additional, Bond, I. A., additional, Udalski, A., additional, Abe, F., additional, Bhattacharya, A., additional, Freeman, M., additional, Fukui, A., additional, Itow, Y., additional, Li, M. C. A., additional, Ling, C. H., additional, Masuda, K., additional, Matsubara, Y., additional, Muraki, Y., additional, Ohnishi, K., additional, Saito, To., additional, Sharan, A., additional, Sullivan, D. J., additional, Suzuki, D., additional, Tristram, P. J., additional, Kozłowski, S., additional, Mróz, P., additional, Pietrukowicz, P., additional, Pietrzyński, G., additional, Poleski, R., additional, Skowron, D., additional, Skowron, J., additional, Soszyński, I., additional, Szymański, M. K., additional, Ulaczyk, K., additional, and Wyrzykowski, Ł., additional
Published: 2015
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284. MOA-2007-BLG-197: Exploring the brown dwarf desert

Author: Ranc, C., primary, Cassan, A., additional, Albrow, M. D., additional, Kubas, D., additional, Bond, I. A., additional, Batista, V., additional, Beaulieu, J.-P., additional, Bennett, D. P., additional, Dominik, M., additional, Dong, Subo, additional, Fouqué, P., additional, Gould, A., additional, Greenhill, J., additional, Jørgensen, U. G., additional, Kains, N., additional, Menzies, J., additional, Sumi, T., additional, Bachelet, E., additional, Coutures, C., additional, Dieters, S., additional, Dominis Prester, D., additional, Donatowicz, J., additional, Gaudi, B. S., additional, Han, C., additional, Hundertmark, M., additional, Horne, K., additional, Kane, S. R., additional, Lee, C.-U., additional, Marquette, J.-B., additional, Park, B.-G., additional, Pollard, K. R., additional, Sahu, K. C., additional, Street, R., additional, Tsapras, Y., additional, Wambsganss, J., additional, Williams, A., additional, Zub, M., additional, Abe, F., additional, Fukui, A., additional, Itow, Y., additional, Masuda, K., additional, Matsubara, Y., additional, Muraki, Y., additional, Ohnishi, K., additional, Rattenbury, N., additional, Saito, To., additional, Sullivan, D. J., additional, Sweatman, W. L., additional, Tristram, P. J., additional, Yock, P. C. M., additional, and Yonehara, A., additional
Published: 2015
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285. CONFIRMATION OF THE PLANETARY MICROLENSING SIGNAL AND STAR AND PLANET MASS DETERMINATIONS FOR EVENT OGLE-2005-BLG-169

Author: Bennett, D. P., primary, Bhattacharya, A., additional, Anderson, J., additional, Bond, I. A., additional, Anderson, N., additional, Barry, R., additional, Batista, V., additional, Beaulieu, J.-P., additional, DePoy, D. L., additional, Dong, Subo, additional, Gaudi, B. S., additional, Gilbert, E., additional, Gould, A., additional, Pfeifle, R., additional, Pogge, R. W., additional, Suzuki, D., additional, Terry, S., additional, and Udalski, A., additional
Published: 2015
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286. Investigation of the mechanical properties and fracture morphology of glass ceramic fibers

Author: Shamsudin, Z., primary, Hodzic, A., additional, Soutis, C., additional, Hand, R. J., additional, Bond, I. P., additional, Howard, P. J., additional, and Szkoda, I., additional
Published: 2015
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287. CAN THE MASSES OF ISOLATED PLANETARY-MASS GRAVITATIONAL LENSES BE MEASURED BY TERRESTRIAL PARALLAX?

Author: Freeman, M., primary, Philpott, L. C., additional, Abe, F., additional, Albrow, M. D., additional, Bennett, D. P., additional, Bond, I. A., additional, Botzler, C. S., additional, Bray, J. C., additional, Cherrie, J. M., additional, Christie, G. W., additional, Dionnet, Z., additional, Gould, A., additional, Han, C., additional, Heyrovský, D., additional, McCormick, J. M., additional, Moorhouse, D. M., additional, Muraki, Y., additional, Natusch, T., additional, Rattenbury, N. J., additional, Skowron, J., additional, Sumi, T., additional, Suzuki, D., additional, Tan, T.-G., additional, Tristram, P. J., additional, and Yock, P. C. M., additional
Published: 2015
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288. OGLE-2009-BLG-092/MOA-2009-BLG-137: A Dramatic Repeating Event with the Second Perturbation Predicted by Real-time Analysis

Author: Ryu, Y. H., Han, C., Hwang, K. H., Street, R., Udalski, A., Sumi, T., Fukui, A., Beaulieu, J. P., Gould, A., Dominik, M., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Furusawa, K., Hayashi, F., Hearnshaw, J. B., Hosaka, S., Itow, Y., Kamiya, K., Kilmartin, P. M., Korpela, A., Lin, W., Ling, C. H., Makita, S., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Miyake, N., Muraki, Y., Nishimoto, K., Ohnishi, K., Perrott, Y. C., Rattenbury, N., Saito, T. o., Skuljan, L., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., Sweatman, W. L., Tristram, P. J., Wada, K., Yock, P. C. M., Szymański, M. K., Kubiak, M., Pietrzyński, G., Poleski, R., Soszyński, I., Szewczyk, O., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Ulaczyk, K., Bos, M., Christie, G. W., Depoy, D. L., Gal Yam, A., Gaudi, B. S., Kaspi, S., Lee, C. U., Maoz, D., Mccormick, J., Monard, B., Moorhouse, D., Pogge, R. W., Polishook, D., Shvartzvald, Y., Shporer, A., Thornley, G., Yee, J. C., Albrow, M. D., Batista, V., Brillant, S., Cassan, A., Cole, A., Corrales, E., Coutures, C. h., Dieters, S., Fouque, P., Greenhill, J., Menzies, J., Allan, A., Bramich, D. M., Browne, P., Horne, K., Kains, N., Snodgrass46, C., Steele, I., Tsapras, Y., Bozza, Valerio, Burgdorf, M. J., CALCHI NOVATI, Sebastiano, Dreizler, S., Finet, F., Glitrup, M., Grundahl, F., Harpsøe, K., Hessman, F. V., Hinse, T. C., Hundertmark, M., Jørgensen, U. G., Liebig, C., Maier, G., Mancini, Luigi, Mathiasen, M., Rahvar, S., Ricci, D., Scarpetta, Gaetano, Skottfelt, J., Surdej, J., Southworth, J., Wambsganss, J., and Zimmer, F.
Subjects: Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Binary number, Perturbation (astronomy), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Light curve, Gravitational microlensing, 01 natural sciences, Stars, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Bulge, 0103 physical sciences, Orbital motion, Real time analysis, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We report the result of the analysis of a dramatic repeating gravitational microlensing event OGLE-2009-BLG-092/MOA-2009-BLG-137, for which the light curve is characterized by two distinct peaks with perturbations near both peaks. We find that the event is produced by the passage of the source trajectory over the central perturbation regions associated with the individual components of a wide-separation binary. The event is special in the sense that the second perturbation, occurring $\sim 100$ days after the first, was predicted by the real-time analysis conducted after the first peak, demonstrating that real-time modeling can be routinely done for binary and planetary events. With the data obtained from follow-up observations covering the second peak, we are able to uniquely determine the physical parameters of the lens system. We find that the event occurred on a bulge clump giant and it was produced by a binary lens composed of a K and M-type main-sequence stars. The estimated masses of the binary components are $M_1=0.69 \pm 0.11\ M_\odot$ and $M_2=0.36\pm 0.06\ M_\odot$, respectively, and they are separated in projection by $r_\perp=10.9\pm 1.3\ {\rm AU}$. The measured distance to the lens is $D_{\rm L}=5.6 \pm 0.7\ {\rm kpc}$. We also detect the orbital motion of the lens system., 18 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Published: 2010

289. OGLE-2011-BLG-0265Lb: a Jovian Microlensing Planet Orbiting an M Dwarf

Author: Skowron, J., Shin, I. -G., Udalski, A., Han, C., Sumi, T., Shvartzvald, Y., Gould, A., Dominis-Prester, D., Street, R. A., Jørgensen, U. G., Bennett, D. P., Bozza, V., Szymański, M. K., Kubiak, M., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Poleski, R., Kozłowski, S., Pietrukowicz, P., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Abe, F., Bhattacharya, A., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Fukunaga, D., Itow, Y., Ling, C. H., Koshimoto, N., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Namba, S., Ohnishi, K., Philpott, L. C., Rattenbury, N., Saito, T., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Yock, P. C. M., Maoz, D., Kaspi, S., Friedman, M., Almeida, L. A., Batista, V., Christie, G., Choi, J. -Y., DePoy, D. L., Gaudi, B. S., Henderson, C., Hwang, K. -H., Jablonski, F., Jung, Y. K., Lee, C. -U., McCormick, J., Natusch, T., Ngan, H., Park, H., Pogge, R. W., Yee, J., Albrow, M. D., Bachelet, E., Beaulieu, J. -P., Brillant, S., Caldwell, J. A. R., Cassan, A., Cole, A., Corrales, E., Coutures, Ch., Dieters, S., Donatowicz, J., Fouqué, P., Greenhill, J., Kains, N., Kane, S. R., Kubas, D., Marquette, J. -B., Martin, R., Menzies, J., Pollard, K. R., Ranc, C., Sahu, K. C., Wambsganss, J., Williams, A., Wouters, D., Tsapras, Y., Bramich, D. M., Horne, K., Hundertmark, M., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I. A., Alsubai, K. A., Browne, P., Burgdorf, M. J., Novati, S. Calchi, Dodds, P., Dominik, M., Dreizler, S., Fang, X. -S., Gu, C. -H., Hardis, Harpsøe, K., Hessman, F. V., Hinse, T. C., Hornstrup, A., Jessen-Hansen, J., Kerins, E., Liebig, C., Lund, M., Lundkvist, M., Mancini, L., Mathiasen, M., Penny, M. T., Rahvar, S., Ricci, D., Scarpetta, G., Skottfelt, J., Southworth, J., Surdej, J., Tregloan-Reed, J., Wertz, O., Skowron, J., Shin, I. -G., Udalski, A., Han, C., Sumi, T., Shvartzvald, Y., Gould, A., Dominis-Prester, D., Street, R. A., Jørgensen, U. G., Bennett, D. P., Bozza, V., Szymański, M. K., Kubiak, M., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Poleski, R., Kozłowski, S., Pietrukowicz, P., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Abe, F., Bhattacharya, A., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Fukunaga, D., Itow, Y., Ling, C. H., Koshimoto, N., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Namba, S., Ohnishi, K., Philpott, L. C., Rattenbury, N., Saito, T., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Yock, P. C. M., Maoz, D., Kaspi, S., Friedman, M., Almeida, L. A., Batista, V., Christie, G., Choi, J. -Y., DePoy, D. L., Gaudi, B. S., Henderson, C., Hwang, K. -H., Jablonski, F., Jung, Y. K., Lee, C. -U., McCormick, J., Natusch, T., Ngan, H., Park, H., Pogge, R. W., Yee, J., Albrow, M. D., Bachelet, E., Beaulieu, J. -P., Brillant, S., Caldwell, J. A. R., Cassan, A., Cole, A., Corrales, E., Coutures, Ch., Dieters, S., Donatowicz, J., Fouqué, P., Greenhill, J., Kains, N., Kane, S. R., Kubas, D., Marquette, J. -B., Martin, R., Menzies, J., Pollard, K. R., Ranc, C., Sahu, K. C., Wambsganss, J., Williams, A., Wouters, D., Tsapras, Y., Bramich, D. M., Horne, K., Hundertmark, M., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I. A., Alsubai, K. A., Browne, P., Burgdorf, M. J., Novati, S. Calchi, Dodds, P., Dominik, M., Dreizler, S., Fang, X. -S., Gu, C. -H., Hardis, Harpsøe, K., Hessman, F. V., Hinse, T. C., Hornstrup, A., Jessen-Hansen, J., Kerins, E., Liebig, C., Lund, M., Lundkvist, M., Mancini, L., Mathiasen, M., Penny, M. T., Rahvar, S., Ricci, D., Scarpetta, G., Skottfelt, J., Southworth, J., Surdej, J., Tregloan-Reed, J., and Wertz, O.
Abstract: We report the discovery of a Jupiter-mass planet orbiting an M-dwarf star that gave rise to the microlensing event OGLE-2011-BLG-0265. Such a system is very rare among known planetary systems and thus the discovery is important for theoretical studies of planetary formation and evolution. High-cadence temporal coverage of the planetary signal combined with extended observations throughout the event allows us to accurately model the observed light curve. The final microlensing solution remains, however, degenerate yielding two possible configurations of the planet and the host star. In the case of the preferred solution, the mass of the planet is $M_{\rm p} = 0.9\pm 0.3\ M_{\rm J}$, and the planet is orbiting a star with a mass $M = 0.22\pm 0.06\ M_\odot$. The second possible configuration (2$\sigma$ away) consists of a planet with $M_{\rm p}=0.6\pm 0.3\ M_{\rm J}$ and host star with $M=0.14\pm 0.06\ M_\odot$. The system is located in the Galactic disk 3 -- 4 kpc towards the Galactic bulge. In both cases, with an orbit size of 1.5 -- 2.0 AU, the planet is a "cold Jupiter" -- located well beyond the "snow line" of the host star. Currently available data make the secure selection of the correct solution difficult, but there are prospects for lifting the degeneracy with additional follow-up observations in the future, when the lens and source star separate., Comment: 10 pages, 2 tables, 5 figures. Accepted in ApJ
Published: 2014
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290. Can the masses of isolated planetary-mass gravitational lenses be measured by terrestrial parallax?

Author: Freeman, M., Philpott, L. C., Abe, F., Albrow, M. D., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Bray, J. C., Cherrie, J. M., Christie, G. W., Dionnet, Z., Gould, A., Han, C., Heyrovsky, D., McCormick, J. M., Moorhouse, D. M., Muraki, Y., Natusch, T., Rattenbury, N. J., Skowron, J., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Tan, T. -G., Tristram, P. J., Yock, P. C. M., Freeman, M., Philpott, L. C., Abe, F., Albrow, M. D., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Bray, J. C., Cherrie, J. M., Christie, G. W., Dionnet, Z., Gould, A., Han, C., Heyrovsky, D., McCormick, J. M., Moorhouse, D. M., Muraki, Y., Natusch, T., Rattenbury, N. J., Skowron, J., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Tan, T. -G., Tristram, P. J., and Yock, P. C. M.
Abstract: Recently Sumi et al. (2011) reported evidence for a large population of planetary-mass objects (PMOs) that are either unbound or orbit host stars in orbits > 10 AU. Their result was deduced from the statistical distribution of durations of gravitational microlensing events observed by the MOA collaboration during 2006 and 2007. Here we study the feasibility of measuring the mass of an individual PMO through microlensing by examining a particular event, MOA-2011-BLG-274. This event was unusual as the duration was short, the magnification high, the source-size effect large and the angular Einstein radius small. Also, it was intensively monitored from widely separated locations under clear skies at low air masses. Choi et al. (2012) concluded that the lens of the event may have been a PMO but they did not attempt a measurement of its mass. We report here a re-analysis of the event using re-reduced data. We confirm the results of Choi et al. and attempt a measurement of the mass and distance of the lens using the terrestrial parallax effect. Evidence for terrestrial parallax is found at a 3 sigma level of confidence. The best fit to the data yields the mass and distance of the lens as 0.80 +/- 0.30 M_J and 0.80 +/- 0.25 kpc respectively. We exclude a host star to the lens out to a separation ~ 40 AU. Drawing on our analysis of MOA-2011-BLG-274 we propose observational strategies for future microlensing surveys to yield sharper results on PMOs including those down to super-Earth mass., Comment: 44 pages, 12 figures, to appear in ApJ
Published: 2014
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291. Pathway to the Galactic Distribution of Planets: Combined Spitzer and Ground-Based Microlens Parallax Measurements of 21 Single-Lens Events

Author: Novati, S. Calchi, Gould, A., Udalski, A., Menzies, J. W., Bond, I. A., Shvartzvald, Y., Street, R. A., Hundertmark, M., Beichman, C. A., Yee, J. C., Carey, S., Poleski, R., Skowron, J., Kozlowski, S., Mroz, P., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzynski, G., Szymanski, M. K., Soszynski, I., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, L., Albrow, M., Beaulieu, J. P., Caldwell, J. A. . R., Cassan, A., Coutures, C., Danielski, C., Prester, D. Dominis, Donatowicz, J., Lonvcaric, K., McDougall, A., Morales, J. C., Ranc, C., Zhu, W., Abe, F., Barry, R. K., Bennett, D. P., Bhattacharya, A., Fukunaga, D., Inayama, K., Koshimoto, N., Namba, S., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Wakiyama, Y., Yonehara, A., Maoz, D., Kaspi, S., Friedmann, M., Bachelet, E., Jaimes, R. Figuera, Bramich, D. M., Tsapras, Y., Horne, K., Snodgrass, C., Wambsganss, J., Steele, I. A., Kains, N., Bozza, V., Dominik, M., Jorgensen, U. G., Alsubai, K. A., Ciceri, S., D'Ago, G., Haugbolle, T., Hessman, F. V., Hinse, T. C., Juncher, D., Korhonen, H., Mancini, L., Popovas, A., Rabus, M., Rahvar, S., Scarpetta, G., Schmidt, R. W., Skottfelt, J., Southworth, J., Starkey, D., Surdej, J., Wertz, O., Zarucki, M., Gaudi, B. S., Pogge, R. W., DePoy, D. L., Novati, S. Calchi, Gould, A., Udalski, A., Menzies, J. W., Bond, I. A., Shvartzvald, Y., Street, R. A., Hundertmark, M., Beichman, C. A., Yee, J. C., Carey, S., Poleski, R., Skowron, J., Kozlowski, S., Mroz, P., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzynski, G., Szymanski, M. K., Soszynski, I., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, L., Albrow, M., Beaulieu, J. P., Caldwell, J. A. . R., Cassan, A., Coutures, C., Danielski, C., Prester, D. Dominis, Donatowicz, J., Lonvcaric, K., McDougall, A., Morales, J. C., Ranc, C., Zhu, W., Abe, F., Barry, R. K., Bennett, D. P., Bhattacharya, A., Fukunaga, D., Inayama, K., Koshimoto, N., Namba, S., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Wakiyama, Y., Yonehara, A., Maoz, D., Kaspi, S., Friedmann, M., Bachelet, E., Jaimes, R. Figuera, Bramich, D. M., Tsapras, Y., Horne, K., Snodgrass, C., Wambsganss, J., Steele, I. A., Kains, N., Bozza, V., Dominik, M., Jorgensen, U. G., Alsubai, K. A., Ciceri, S., D'Ago, G., Haugbolle, T., Hessman, F. V., Hinse, T. C., Juncher, D., Korhonen, H., Mancini, L., Popovas, A., Rabus, M., Rahvar, S., Scarpetta, G., Schmidt, R. W., Skottfelt, J., Southworth, J., Starkey, D., Surdej, J., Wertz, O., Zarucki, M., Gaudi, B. S., Pogge, R. W., and DePoy, D. L.
Abstract: We present microlens parallax measurements for 21 (apparently) isolated lenses observed toward the Galactic bulge that were imaged simultaneously from Earth and Spitzer, which was ~1 AU West of Earth in projection. We combine these measurements with a kinematic model of the Galaxy to derive distance estimates for each lens, with error bars that are small compared to the Sun's Galactocentric distance. The ensemble therefore yields a well-defined cumulative distribution of lens distances. In principle it is possible to compare this distribution against a set of planets detected in the same experiment in order to measure the Galactic distribution of planets. Since these Spitzer observations yielded only one planet, this is not yet possible in practice. However, it will become possible as larger samples are accumulated., Comment: accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2014
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292. OGLE-2013-BLG-0102LA,B: Microlensing binary with components at star/brown-dwarf and brown-dwarf/planet boundaries

Author: Jung, Y. K., Udalski, A., Sumi, T., Han, C., Gould, A., Skowron, J., Kozłowski, S., Poleski, R., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Szymański, M. K., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Ulaczyk, K., Pietrukowicz, P., Mróz, P., Kubiak, M., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Fukunaga, D., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Larsen, P., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Namba, S., Ohnishi, K., Philpott, L., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Tsurumi, N., Wada, K., Yamai, N., Yock, P. C. M., Yonehara, A., Albrow, M., Choi, J. -Y., DePoy, D. L., Gaudi, B. S., Hwang, K. -H., Lee, C. -U., Park, H., Owen, S., Pogge, R. W., Shin, I. -G., Yee, J. C., Jung, Y. K., Udalski, A., Sumi, T., Han, C., Gould, A., Skowron, J., Kozłowski, S., Poleski, R., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Szymański, M. K., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Ulaczyk, K., Pietrukowicz, P., Mróz, P., Kubiak, M., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Fukunaga, D., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Larsen, P., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Namba, S., Ohnishi, K., Philpott, L., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Tsurumi, N., Wada, K., Yamai, N., Yock, P. C. M., Yonehara, A., Albrow, M., Choi, J. -Y., DePoy, D. L., Gaudi, B. S., Hwang, K. -H., Lee, C. -U., Park, H., Owen, S., Pogge, R. W., Shin, I. -G., and Yee, J. C.
Abstract: We present the analysis of the gravitational microlensing event OGLE-2013-BLG-0102. The light curve of the event is characterized by a strong short-term anomaly superposed on a smoothly varying lensing curve with a moderate magnification $A_{\rm max}\sim 1.5$. It is found that the event was produced by a binary lens with a mass ratio between the components of $q = 0.13$ and the anomaly was caused by the passage of the source trajectory over a caustic located away from the barycenter of the binary. From the analysis of the effects on the light curve due to the finite size of the source and the parallactic motion of the Earth, the physical parameters of the lens system are determined. The measured masses of the lens components are $M_{1} = 0.096 \pm 0.013~M_{\odot}$ and $M_{2} = 0.012 \pm 0.002~M_{\odot}$, which correspond to near the hydrogen-burning and deuterium-burning mass limits, respectively. The distance to the lens is $3.04 \pm 0.31~{\rm kpc}$ and the projected separation between the lens components is $0.80 \pm 0.08~{\rm AU}$., Comment: 6 figures, 2 tables, ApJ submitted
Published: 2014
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293. A Terrestrial Planet in a ~1 AU Orbit Around One Member of a ~15 AU Binary

Author: Gould, A., Udalski, A., Shin, I. -G., Porritt, I., Skowron, J., Han, C., Yee, J. C., Kozłowski, S., Choi, J. -Y., Poleski, R., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Ulaczyk, K., Pietrukowicz, P., Mróz, P., Szymański, M. K., Kubiak, M., Soszyński, I., Pietrzyński, G., Gaudi, B. S., Christie, G. W., Drummond, J., McCormick, J., Natusch, T., Ngan, H., Tan, T. -G., Albrow, M., DePoy, D. L., Hwang, K. -H., Jung, Y. K., Lee, C. -U., Park, H., Pogge, R. W., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Fukunaga, D., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Larsen, P., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Namba, S., Ohnishi, K., Philpott, L., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Tsurumi, N., Wada, K., Yamai, N., Yock, P. C. M., Yonehara, A., Shvartzvald, Y., Maoz, D., Kaspi, S., Friedmann, M., Gould, A., Udalski, A., Shin, I. -G., Porritt, I., Skowron, J., Han, C., Yee, J. C., Kozłowski, S., Choi, J. -Y., Poleski, R., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Ulaczyk, K., Pietrukowicz, P., Mróz, P., Szymański, M. K., Kubiak, M., Soszyński, I., Pietrzyński, G., Gaudi, B. S., Christie, G. W., Drummond, J., McCormick, J., Natusch, T., Ngan, H., Tan, T. -G., Albrow, M., DePoy, D. L., Hwang, K. -H., Jung, Y. K., Lee, C. -U., Park, H., Pogge, R. W., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Fukunaga, D., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Larsen, P., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Namba, S., Ohnishi, K., Philpott, L., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sumi, T., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Tsurumi, N., Wada, K., Yamai, N., Yock, P. C. M., Yonehara, A., Shvartzvald, Y., Maoz, D., Kaspi, S., and Friedmann, M.
Abstract: We detect a cold, terrestrial planet in a binary-star system using gravitational microlensing. The planet has low mass (2 Earth masses) and lies projected at $a_{\perp,ph}$ ~ 0.8 astronomical units (AU) from its host star, similar to the Earth-Sun distance. However, the planet temperature is much lower, T<60 Kelvin, because the host star is only 0.10--0.15 solar masses and therefore more than 400 times less luminous than the Sun. The host is itself orbiting a slightly more massive companion with projected separation $a_{\perp,ch}=$10--15 AU. Straightforward modification of current microlensing search strategies could increase their sensitivity to planets in binary systems. With more detections, such binary-star/planetary systems could place constraints on models of planet formation and evolution. This detection is consistent with such systems being very common., Comment: Published in Science, Main and supplementary material combined
Published: 2014
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294. OGLE-2008-BLG-355Lb: A Massive Planet around A Late type Star

Author: Koshimoto, N., Udalski, A., Sumi, T., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Rattenbury, N., Abe, F., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukagawa, M., Fukui, A., Furusawa, K., Itow, Y., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Saito, To., Shibai, H., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, K., Suzuki, D., Sweatman, W. L., Takino, S., Tristram, P. J., Wada, K., Yock, P. C. M., Szymański, M. K., Kubiak, M., Soszyński, I, Pietrzyński, G., Poleski, R., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Koshimoto, N., Udalski, A., Sumi, T., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Rattenbury, N., Abe, F., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukagawa, M., Fukui, A., Furusawa, K., Itow, Y., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Ohnishi, K., Saito, To., Shibai, H., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, K., Suzuki, D., Sweatman, W. L., Takino, S., Tristram, P. J., Wada, K., Yock, P. C. M., Szymański, M. K., Kubiak, M., Soszyński, I, Pietrzyński, G., Poleski, R., Ulaczyk, K., and Wyrzykowski, Ł.
Abstract: We report the discovery of a massive planet OGLE-2008-BLG-355Lb. The light curve analysis indicates a planet:host mass ratio of q = 0.0118 +/- 0.0006 at a separation of 0.877 +/- 0.010 Einstein radii. We do not measure a significant microlensing parallax signal and do not have high angular resolution images that could detect the planetary host star. Therefore, we do not have a direct measurement of the host star mass. A Bayesian analysis, assuming that all host stars have equal probability to host a planet with the measured mass ratio implies a host star mass of M_h = 0.37_{-0.17}^{+0.30} M_Sun and a companion of mass M_P = 4.6^{+3.7}_{-2.2} M_Jup, at a projected separation of r_proj = 1.70^{+0.29}_{-0.30} AU. The implied distance to the planetary system is D_L = 6.8 +/- 1.1 kpc. A planetary system with the properties preferred by the Bayesian analysis would be a challenge to the core-accretion model of planet formation, as the core-accretion model predicts that massive planets are far more likely to form around more massive host stars. This core accretion model prediction is not consistent with our Bayesian prior of an equal probability of host stars of all masses to host a planet with the measured mass ratio. So, if the core accretion model prediction is right, we should expect that follow-up high angular resolution observations will detect a host star with a mass in the upper part of the range allowed by the Bayesian analysis. That is, the host would probably be a K or G dwarf., Comment: 42 pages, 12 figures, submitted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2014
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295. Candidate Gravitational Microlensing Events for Future Direct Lens Imaging

Author: Henderson, C. B., Park, H., Sumi, T., Udalski, A., Gould, A., Tsapras, Y., Han, C., Gaudi, B. S., Bozza, V., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Fukunaga, D., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Namba, S., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., Sweatman, W. L., Tristram, P. J., Tsurumi, N., Wada, K., Yamai, N., Yock, P. C. M., Yonehara, A., Szymański, M. K., Kubiak, M., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Skowron, J., Kozłowski, S., Poleski, R., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Pietrukowicz, P., Almeida, L. A., Bos, M., Choi, J. -Y., Christie, G. W., Depoy, D. L., Dong, Subo, Friedmann, M., Hwang, K. -H., Jablonski, F., Jung, Y. K., Kaspi, S., Lee, C. -U., Maoz, D., McCormick, J., Moorhouse, D., Natusch, T., Ngan, H., Pogge, R. W., Shin, I. -G., Shvartzvald, Y., Tan, T. -G., Thornley, G., Yee, J. C., Allan, A., Bramich, D. M., Browne, P., Dominik, M., Horne, K., Hundertmark, M., Jaimes, R. Figuera, Kains, N., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I. A., Street, R. A., Henderson, C. B., Park, H., Sumi, T., Udalski, A., Gould, A., Tsapras, Y., Han, C., Gaudi, B. S., Bozza, V., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Fukunaga, D., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Namba, S., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Suzuki, D., Sweatman, W. L., Tristram, P. J., Tsurumi, N., Wada, K., Yamai, N., Yock, P. C. M., Yonehara, A., Szymański, M. K., Kubiak, M., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Skowron, J., Kozłowski, S., Poleski, R., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Pietrukowicz, P., Almeida, L. A., Bos, M., Choi, J. -Y., Christie, G. W., Depoy, D. L., Dong, Subo, Friedmann, M., Hwang, K. -H., Jablonski, F., Jung, Y. K., Kaspi, S., Lee, C. -U., Maoz, D., McCormick, J., Moorhouse, D., Natusch, T., Ngan, H., Pogge, R. W., Shin, I. -G., Shvartzvald, Y., Tan, T. -G., Thornley, G., Yee, J. C., Allan, A., Bramich, D. M., Browne, P., Dominik, M., Horne, K., Hundertmark, M., Jaimes, R. Figuera, Kains, N., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I. A., and Street, R. A.
Abstract: The mass of the lenses giving rise to Galactic microlensing events can be constrained by measuring the relative lens-source proper motion and lens flux. The flux of the lens can be separated from that of the source, companions to the source, and unrelated nearby stars with high-resolution images taken when the lens and source are spatially resolved. For typical ground-based adaptive optics (AO) or space-based observations, this requires either inordinately long time baselines or high relative proper motions. We provide a list of microlensing events toward the Galactic Bulge with high relative lens-source proper motion that are therefore good candidates for constraining the lens mass with future high-resolution imaging. We investigate all events from 2004 -- 2013 that display detectable finite-source effects, a feature that allows us to measure the proper motion. In total, we present 20 events with mu >~ 8 mas/yr. Of these, 14 were culled from previous analyses while 6 are new, including OGLE-2004-BLG-368, MOA-2005-BLG-36, OGLE-2012-BLG-0211, OGLE-2012-BLG-0456, MOA-2012-BLG-532, and MOA-2013-BLG-029. In <~12 years the lens and source of each event will be sufficiently separated for ground-based telescopes with AO systems or space telescopes to resolve each component and further characterize the lens system. Furthermore, for the most recent events, comparison of the lens flux estimates from images taken immediately to those estimated from images taken when the lens and source are resolved can be used to empirically check the robustness of the single-epoch method currently being used to estimate lens masses for many events., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables, submitted to ApJ. For a brief video explaining the key results of this paper, please visit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_dzT8NydJI
Published: 2014
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296. MOA-2013-BLG-220Lb: Massive Planetary Companion to Galactic-Disk Host

Author: Yee, J. C., Han, C., Gould, A., Skowron, J., Bond, I. A., Udalski, A., Hundertmark, M., Monard, L. A. G., Porritt, I., Nelson, P., Bozza, V., Albrow, M. D., Choi, J. -Y., Christie, G. W., DePoy, D. L., Gaudi, B. S., Hwang, K. -H., Jung, Y. K., Lee, C. -U., McCormick, J., Natusch, T., Ngan, H., Park, H., Pogge, R. W., Shin, I. -G., Tan, T. -G., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Fukunaga, D., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Larsen, P., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Namba, S., Ohnishi, K., Philpott, L., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sumi, T., Sweatman, W. L., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Tsurumi, N., Wada, K., Yamai, N., Yock, P. C. M., Yonehara, A., Szymański, M. K., Ulaczyk, K., Kozłowski, S., Poleski, R., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Kubiak, M., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Bramich, D. M., Browne, P., Jaimes, R. Figuera, Horne, K., Ipatov, S., Kains, N., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I. A., Street, R., Tsapras, Y., Yee, J. C., Han, C., Gould, A., Skowron, J., Bond, I. A., Udalski, A., Hundertmark, M., Monard, L. A. G., Porritt, I., Nelson, P., Bozza, V., Albrow, M. D., Choi, J. -Y., Christie, G. W., DePoy, D. L., Gaudi, B. S., Hwang, K. -H., Jung, Y. K., Lee, C. -U., McCormick, J., Natusch, T., Ngan, H., Park, H., Pogge, R. W., Shin, I. -G., Tan, T. -G., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Fukunaga, D., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Larsen, P., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Namba, S., Ohnishi, K., Philpott, L., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sumi, T., Sweatman, W. L., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Tsurumi, N., Wada, K., Yamai, N., Yock, P. C. M., Yonehara, A., Szymański, M. K., Ulaczyk, K., Kozłowski, S., Poleski, R., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Kubiak, M., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Bramich, D. M., Browne, P., Jaimes, R. Figuera, Horne, K., Ipatov, S., Kains, N., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I. A., Street, R., and Tsapras, Y.
Abstract: We report the discovery of MOA-2013-BLG-220Lb, which has a super-Jupiter mass ratio $q=3.01\pm 0.02\times 10^{-3}$ relative to its host. The proper motion, $\mu=12.5\pm 1\, {\rm mas}\,{\rm yr}^{-1}$, is one of the highest for microlensing planets yet discovered, implying that it will be possible to separately resolve the host within $\sim 7$ years. Two separate lines of evidence imply that the planet and host are in the Galactic disk. The planet could have been detected and characterized purely with follow-up data, which has important implications for microlensing surveys, both current and into the LSST era., Comment: 2 tables, 2 figures
Published: 2014
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297. OGLE-2012-BLG-0455/MOA-2012-BLG-206: Microlensing event with ambiguity in planetary interpretations caused by incomplete coverage of planetary signal

Author: Park, H., Han, C., Gould, A., Udalski, A., Sumi, T., Fouqué, P., Choi, J. -Y., Christie, G., Depoy, D. L., Dong, Subo, Gaudi, B. S., Hwang, K. -H., Jung, Y. K., Kavka, A., Lee, C. -U., Monard, L. A. G., Natusch, T., Ngan, H., Pogge, R. W., Shin, I. -G., Yee, J. C., Szymański, M. K., Kubiak, M., Soszyński, I., Pietrzyński, G., Poleski, R., Ulaczyk, K., Pietrukowicz, P., Kozłowski, S., Skowron, J., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Chote, P., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Fukunaga, D., Harris, P., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Namba, S., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sweatman, W. L., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Wada, K., Yamai, N., Yock, P. C. M., Yonehara, A., Park, H., Han, C., Gould, A., Udalski, A., Sumi, T., Fouqué, P., Choi, J. -Y., Christie, G., Depoy, D. L., Dong, Subo, Gaudi, B. S., Hwang, K. -H., Jung, Y. K., Kavka, A., Lee, C. -U., Monard, L. A. G., Natusch, T., Ngan, H., Pogge, R. W., Shin, I. -G., Yee, J. C., Szymański, M. K., Kubiak, M., Soszyński, I., Pietrzyński, G., Poleski, R., Ulaczyk, K., Pietrukowicz, P., Kozłowski, S., Skowron, J., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Chote, P., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Fukunaga, D., Harris, P., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Namba, S., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sweatman, W. L., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Wada, K., Yamai, N., Yock, P. C. M., and Yonehara, A.
Abstract: Characterizing a microlensing planet is done from modeling an observed lensing light curve. In this process, it is often confronted that solutions of different lensing parameters result in similar light curves, causing difficulties in uniquely interpreting the lens system, and thus understanding the causes of different types of degeneracy is important. In this work, we show that incomplete coverage of a planetary perturbation can result in degenerate solutions even for events where the planetary signal is detected with a high level of statistical significance. We demonstrate the degeneracy for an actually observed event OGLE-2012-BLG-0455/MOA-2012-BLG-206. The peak of this high-magnification event $(A_{\rm max}\sim400)$ exhibits very strong deviation from a point-lens model with $\Delta\chi^{2}\gtrsim4000$ for data sets with a total number of measurement 6963. From detailed modeling of the light curve, we find that the deviation can be explained by four distinct solutions, i.e., two very different sets of solutions, each with a two-fold degeneracy. While the two-fold (so-called "close/wide") degeneracy is well-understood, the degeneracy between the radically different solutions is not previously known. The model light curves of this degeneracy differ substantially in the parts that were not covered by observation, indicating that the degeneracy is caused by the incomplete coverage of the perturbation. It is expected that the frequency of the degeneracy introduced in this work will be greatly reduced with the improvement of the current lensing survey and follow-up experiments and the advent of new surveys., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, ApJ accepted
Published: 2014
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298. A SUPER-JUPITER ORBITING A LATE-TYPE STAR:A REFINED ANALYSIS OF MICROLENSING EVENT OGLE-2012-BLG-0406

Author: Tsapras, Y., Choi, J. -Y., Street, R. A., Han, C., Bozza, V., Gould, A., Dominik, M., Beaulieu, J. -P., Udalski, A., Jorgensen, U. G., Sumi, T., Bramich, D. M., Browne, P., Horne, K., Hundertmark, Markus Peter Gerhard, Ipatov, S., Kains, N., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I. A., Alsubai, K. A., Andersen, J. M., Novati, S. Calchi, Damerdji, Y., Diehl, C., Elyiv, A., Giannini, E., Hardis, S., Harpsøe, Kennet Bomann West, Hinse, T. C., Juncher, D., Kerins, E., Korhonen, H., Liebig, C., Mancini, L., Mathiasen, M., Penny, M. T., Rabus, M., Rahvar, S., Scarpetta, G., Skottfelt, J., Southworth, J., Surdej, J., Tregloan-Reed, J., Vilela, C., Wambsganss, J., Skowron, J., Poleski, R., Kozllowski, S., Wyrzykowski, E., Szymanski, M. K., Kubiak, M., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzynski, G., Soszynski, I., Ulaczyk, K., Albrow, M. D., Bachelet, E., Barry, R., Batista, V., Bhattacharya, A., Brillant, S., Caldwell, J. A. R., Cassan, A., Cole, A., Corrales, E., Coutures, Ch., Dieters, S., Prester, D. Dominis, Donatowicz, J., Fouque, P., Greenhill, J., Kane, S. R., Kubas, D., Marquette, J. -B., Menzies, J., Ere, C. P., Pollard, K. R., Zub, M., Christie, G., Depoy, D. L., Dong, S., Drummond, J., Gaudi, B. S., Henderson, C. B., Hwang, K. H., Jung, Y. K., Kavka, A., Koo, J. -R., Lee, C. -U., Maoz, D., Monard, L. A. G., Natusch, T., Ngan, H., Park, H., Pogge, R. W., Porritt, I., Shin, I. -G., Shvartzvald, Y., Tan, T. G., Yee, J. C., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Fukunaga, D., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Namba, S., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sweatman, W. L., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Tsurumi, N., Wada, K., Yamai, N., Yock, P. C. M., Yonehara, A., Tsapras, Y., Choi, J. -Y., Street, R. A., Han, C., Bozza, V., Gould, A., Dominik, M., Beaulieu, J. -P., Udalski, A., Jorgensen, U. G., Sumi, T., Bramich, D. M., Browne, P., Horne, K., Hundertmark, Markus Peter Gerhard, Ipatov, S., Kains, N., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I. A., Alsubai, K. A., Andersen, J. M., Novati, S. Calchi, Damerdji, Y., Diehl, C., Elyiv, A., Giannini, E., Hardis, S., Harpsøe, Kennet Bomann West, Hinse, T. C., Juncher, D., Kerins, E., Korhonen, H., Liebig, C., Mancini, L., Mathiasen, M., Penny, M. T., Rabus, M., Rahvar, S., Scarpetta, G., Skottfelt, J., Southworth, J., Surdej, J., Tregloan-Reed, J., Vilela, C., Wambsganss, J., Skowron, J., Poleski, R., Kozllowski, S., Wyrzykowski, E., Szymanski, M. K., Kubiak, M., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzynski, G., Soszynski, I., Ulaczyk, K., Albrow, M. D., Bachelet, E., Barry, R., Batista, V., Bhattacharya, A., Brillant, S., Caldwell, J. A. R., Cassan, A., Cole, A., Corrales, E., Coutures, Ch., Dieters, S., Prester, D. Dominis, Donatowicz, J., Fouque, P., Greenhill, J., Kane, S. R., Kubas, D., Marquette, J. -B., Menzies, J., Ere, C. P., Pollard, K. R., Zub, M., Christie, G., Depoy, D. L., Dong, S., Drummond, J., Gaudi, B. S., Henderson, C. B., Hwang, K. H., Jung, Y. K., Kavka, A., Koo, J. -R., Lee, C. -U., Maoz, D., Monard, L. A. G., Natusch, T., Ngan, H., Park, H., Pogge, R. W., Porritt, I., Shin, I. -G., Shvartzvald, Y., Tan, T. G., Yee, J. C., Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Botzler, C. S., Freeman, M., Fukui, A., Fukunaga, D., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Ling, C. H., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Namba, S., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N. J., Saito, To., Sullivan, D. J., Sweatman, W. L., Suzuki, D., Tristram, P. J., Tsurumi, N., Wada, K., Yamai, N., Yock, P. C. M., and Yonehara, A.
Published: 2014

299. MOA-2011-BLG-262Lb: A sub-earth-mass moon orbiting a gas giant primary or a high velocity planetary system in the galactic bulge

Author: Bennett, D., Batista, V., Bond, I., Bennett, C., Suzuki, D., Beaulieu, J., Udalski, A., Donatowicz, J., Bozza, V., Abe, F., Botzler, C., Freeman, M., Fukunaga, D., Fukui, A., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Ling, C., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Namba, S., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N., Saito, T., Sullivan, D., Sumi, T., Sweatman, W., Tristram, P., Tsurumi, N., Wada, K., Yock, P., Albrow, M., Bachelet, E., Brillant, S., Caldwell, J., Cassan, A., Cole, A., Corrales, E., Coutures, C., Dieters, S., Dominis Prester, D., Fouqué, P., Greenhill, J., Horne, K., Koo, J., Kubas, D., Marquette, J., Martin, R., Menzies, J., Sahu, K., Wambsganss, J., Williams, Andrew, Zub, M., Choi, J., Depoy, D., Dong, S., Gaudi, B., Gould, A., Han, C., Henderson, C., McGregor, D., Lee, C., Pogge, R., Shin, I., Yee, J., Szymanski, M., Skowron, J., Poleski, R., Kozlowski, S., Wyrzykowski, Kubiak, M., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzynski, G., Soszynski, I., Ulaczyk, K., Tsapras, Y., Street, R., Dominik, M., Bramich, D., Browne, P., Hundertmark, M., Kains, N., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I., Dekany, I., Gonzalez, O., Heyrovský, D., Kandori, R., Kerins, E., Lucas, P., Bennett, D., Batista, V., Bond, I., Bennett, C., Suzuki, D., Beaulieu, J., Udalski, A., Donatowicz, J., Bozza, V., Abe, F., Botzler, C., Freeman, M., Fukunaga, D., Fukui, A., Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Ling, C., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Muraki, Y., Namba, S., Ohnishi, K., Rattenbury, N., Saito, T., Sullivan, D., Sumi, T., Sweatman, W., Tristram, P., Tsurumi, N., Wada, K., Yock, P., Albrow, M., Bachelet, E., Brillant, S., Caldwell, J., Cassan, A., Cole, A., Corrales, E., Coutures, C., Dieters, S., Dominis Prester, D., Fouqué, P., Greenhill, J., Horne, K., Koo, J., Kubas, D., Marquette, J., Martin, R., Menzies, J., Sahu, K., Wambsganss, J., Williams, Andrew, Zub, M., Choi, J., Depoy, D., Dong, S., Gaudi, B., Gould, A., Han, C., Henderson, C., McGregor, D., Lee, C., Pogge, R., Shin, I., Yee, J., Szymanski, M., Skowron, J., Poleski, R., Kozlowski, S., Wyrzykowski, Kubiak, M., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzynski, G., Soszynski, I., Ulaczyk, K., Tsapras, Y., Street, R., Dominik, M., Bramich, D., Browne, P., Hundertmark, M., Kains, N., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I., Dekany, I., Gonzalez, O., Heyrovský, D., Kandori, R., Kerins, E., and Lucas, P.
Abstract: We present the first microlensing candidate for a free-floating exoplanet-exomoon system, MOA-2011-BLG-262, with a primary lens mass of M host ~ 4 Jupiter masses hosting a sub-Earth mass moon. The argument for an exomoon hinges on the system being relatively close to the Sun. The data constrain the product ML p rel where ML is the lens system mass and prel is the lens-source relative parallax. If the lens system is nearby (large prel), then ML is small (a few Jupiter masses) and the companion is a sub-Earth-mass exomoon. The best-fit solution has a large lens-source relative proper motion, µrel = 19.6 ± 1.6 mas yr-1, which would rule out a distant lens system unless the source star has an unusually high proper motion. However, data from the OGLE collaboration nearly rule out a high source proper motion, so the exoplanet+exomoon model is the favored interpretation for the best fit model. However, there is an alternate solution that has a lower proper motion and fits the data almost as well. This solution is compatible with a distant (so stellar) host. A Bayesian analysis does not favor the exoplanet+exomoon interpretation, so Occam's razor favors a lens system in the bulge with host and companion masses of and Mhost = 0.12 ?0.06+0.19 M? and mcomp = 18 ?10+28M?, at a projected separation of a perp; = 0.84?0.14+0.25 AU. The existence of this degeneracy is an unlucky accident, so current microlensing experiments are in principle sensitive to exomoons. In some circumstances, it will be possible to definitively establish the mass of such lens systems through the microlensing parallax effect. Future experiments will be sensitive to less extreme exomoons. © 2014. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
Published: 2014

300. OGLE-2005-BLG-071Lb, the Most Massive M Dwarf Planetary Companion?

Author: Dong, Subo, Gould, Andrew, Udalski, Andrzej, Anderson, Jay, Christie, G. W., Gaudi, B. S., The OGLE Collaboration, Jaroszyński, M., Kubiak, M., Szymański, M. K., Pietrzyński, G., Soszyński, I., Szewczyk, O., Ulaczyk, K., Wyrzykowski, Ł., The ΜFUN Collaboration, DePoy, D. L., Fox, D. B., Gal-Yam, A., Han, C., Lépine, S., McCormick, J., Ofek, E., Park, B.-G., Pogge, R. W., The MOA Collaboration, Abe, F., Bennett, D. P., Bond, I. A., Britton, T. R., Gilmore, A. C., Hearnshaw, J. B., Itow, Y., Kamiya, K., Kilmartin, P. M., Korpela, A., Masuda, K., Matsubara, Y., Motomura, M., Muraki, Y., Nakamura, S., Ohnishi, K., Okada, C., Rattenbury, N., Saito, To., Sako, T., Sasaki, M., Sullivan, D., Sumi, T., Tristram, P. J., Yanagisawa, T., Yock, P. C. M., Yoshoika, T., The PLANET/Robo Net Collaborations, Albrow, M. D., Beaulieu, J. P., Brillant, S., Calitz, H., Cassan, A., Cook, K. H., Coutures, Ch., Dieters, S., Prester, D. Dominis, Donatowicz, J., Fouqué, P., Greenhill, J., Hill, K., Hoffman, M., Horne, K., Jørgensen, U. G., Kane, S., Kubas, D., Marquette, J. B., Martin, Roland, Meintjes, P., Menzies, J., Pollard, K. R., Sahu, K. C., Vinter, C., Wambsganss, J., Williams, A., Bode, M., Bramich, D. M., Burgdorf, M., Snodgrass, C., Steele, I., Doublier, Vanessa, Foellmi, Cedric, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Astronomische Rechen-Institut [Heidelberg] (ARI), Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg (ZAH), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg]-Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Laboratoire Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes (LATT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (LAOG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University-Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: gravitational lensing, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Gravitational microlensing, 01 natural sciences, Jovian, Galaxy: bulge, Neptune, Primary (astronomy), Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, planetary systems, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Planetary system, Light curve, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], Planetary mass
Abstract: We combine all available information to constrain the nature of OGLE-2005-BLG-071Lb, the second planet discovered by microlensing and the first in a high-magnification event. These include photometric and astrometric measurements from Hubble Space Telescope, as well as constraints from higher order effects extracted from the ground-based light curve, such as microlens parallax, planetary orbital motion and finite-source effects. Our primary analysis leads to the conclusion that the host of Jovian planet OGLE-2005-BLG-071Lb is an M dwarf in the foreground disk with mass M= 0.46 +/- 0.04 Msun, distance D_l = 3.3 +/- 0.4 kpc, and thick-disk kinematics v_LSR ~ 103 km/s. From the best-fit model, the planet has mass M_p = 3.8 +/- 0.4 M_Jup, lies at a projected separation r_perp = 3.6 +/- 0.2 AU from its host and so has an equilibrium temperature of T ~ 55 K, i.e., similar to Neptune. A degenerate model less favored by \Delta\chi^2 = 2.1 (or 2.2, depending on the sign of the impact parameter) gives similar planetary mass M_p = 3.4 +/- 0.4 M_Jup with a smaller projected separation, r_\perp = 2.1 +/- 0.1 AU, and higher equilibrium temperature T ~ 71 K. These results from the primary analysis suggest that OGLE-2005-BLG-071Lb is likely to be the most massive planet yet discovered that is hosted by an M dwarf. However, the formation of such high-mass planetary companions in the outer regions of M-dwarf planetary systems is predicted to be unlikely within the core-accretion scenario. There are a number of caveats to this primary analysis, which assumes (based on real but limited evidence) that the unlensed light coincident with the source is actually due to the lens, that is, the planetary host. However, these caveats could mostly be resolved by a single astrometric measurement a few years after the event., Comment: 51 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables, Published in ApJ
Published: 2009

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