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Introduction: Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major are the causative agents of Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) and Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) in various areas of Iran, respectively. Yazd province is one of the endemic centers of ZCL. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate and predict the effects of the climate change on the potential scattering of the vector and reservoir species of ZCL disease in Yazd province, as one of the endemic centers of ZCL in Iran in the present (1950-2000) and prospective time (2030). Materials and Methods: According to the findings of prior studies conducted in Yazd province, the data related to the vectors and reservoir of the ZCL were collected and recorded in the databank. ArcGIS 10.3 and MaxEnt software were used to estimate the suitable ecological niches using 19 variables. In this study, Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model and scenario of Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 were applied with respect to 2030 horizon. Results: According to results of Jackknife test, the climate variables of Bio8 & Bio6 for the current period, and climate variables of Bio8 & Bio7 for the future (2030) produced the most effects on the distribution of vector and reservoir species in Yazd province. These results indicated that temperature had the greatest impact on the vector’s distribution in the present and future. Currently, eastern and central areas of the province are more likely to receive most of the vector and reservoir species. It is anticipated that in the future, we will observe an increase in the presence of vector in the western districts and reservoirs in the northern and central regions of the province. Conclusion: Climate conditions provide suitable habitats for easy transfer of ZCL disease in Yazd province. This research confirmed that suitable climatic conditions for the vector and reservoir will be expanded in coming years in comparison with the current period.

Background: Anthropometric indices have a debatable relationship with breast cancer (BC) among different ethnicity. In the current study, we have evaluated the relationship between anthropometric indices and BC in Iranian participants. Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, a total of 7,805 women were enrolled from different mammography centers in Isfahan province, Iran. For each participant, a detailed questionnaire was filled out and anthropometric indices were measured by trained technicians. We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for BC risk associated with anthropometry measurements, stratified on menopausal status. Results: In the postmenopausal group, weight ≥68 kg compared to weight

The potentiality of Citrullus lanatus fruit (CLF) extract containing several phytochemicals (e.g., citrulline, hesperetin, resveratrol and riboflavin) for mitigating the corrosion of mild steel specimens in subjection to 1 M HCl was assessed from integrated experimental and electronic/atomic level theoretical perspectives. The corrosion inhibition characteristics were examined applying electrochemical (EIS and polarization) and surface morphological (SEM, AFM, contact angle) techniques. Additionally, the presence of major phytochemicals in CLF extract was explored by FT-IR spectroscopy combined with UV–Visible analyses. Based on electrochemical results, with the use of 800 ppm CLF extract 91% inhibition capacity was derived. The potentiodynamic polarization clarified the mixed inhibition effect of CLF extract with prevalence cathodic inhibition. Also, the graphical SEM/AFM results disclosed that the interactions of CLF extract molecules with steel surface greatly influenced the prevention of surface damage. The outcomes resulted from molecular simulation and quantum mechanics analyses further reflected the CLF extract compounds adsorption on steel surface.

The presence of numerous active compounds like lactic acid, nicotinic acid, and carotene in the Borage flower extract (BFE) converted it to a potent source of powerful sustainable compounds for mild steel (MS) corrosion mitigation in the solution of 1 M hydrochloric acid. The corrosion inhibition mechanism was assessed by potentiodynamic polarization (PPL) and the impact of inhibitor content and exposure time on the inhibition extent of the BFE was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Different constituents of Borage flower extract were examined by FT-IR and UV–Vis methods. Surface morphology was studied by AFM and SEM analyses, and the surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity was assessed by contact angle test. EIS findings evidenced that with the increase in Borage flower extract content in HCl solution and immersion time the power of corrosion prevention increased in HCl environment and achieved the highest value of 91% at 800 ppm after 5 h. On the basis of polarization curves it was found that the Borage flower extract showed a mixed effect in corrosion inhibition with a minor cathodic prevalence. The SEM and AFM examinations demonstrated that the adsorption of BFE components on the MS surface gave rise to a smooth surface morphology with few damaged areas. The analysis of contact angle confirmed that by the increase of BFE amount the surface hydrophobicity was improved. Also, the surface coverage by green inhibitor molecules was in accordance with Langmuir isotherm, indicating that a monolayer of inhibitor molecules without intermolecular interactions covered the steel surface. Additionally, the molecular simulations demonstrated that the organic molecules of BFE adsorbed on the steel substrate. The outcomes of theoretical investigations suggested the donor-acceptor interactions of green inhibitor species.

Background & Objective:Low birth weight is considered as one the causes of infant mortality across the world. Accordingly, paying attention to neonatal growth leads to mortality rate decrement and consequently prevents future physical and mental disabilities in this age group. Materials & Methods:This historic (retrospective) cohort study was conducted on 280 one-year-old male and female infants who were divided into two equal groups of low and normal birth weights. Then, the developmental status of the neonates at the corrected age of one year was assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 19 viat-test and multiple regression analysis. Results:Of the 280 infants examined, 142 (50.7%) of them were male and 138 (49.3%) were female with the mean weight of 640.9±2696.9 gr, and the mean gestational age of 37.8±2.4 weeks. Moreover, the findings revealed that the gross motor skills and the problem-solving areas had the highest levels of developmental delay in the subjects. In addition, a significant relationship was observed between the developmental delay of the neonates in different areas and the variables of birth weight, birth height, birth rate, duration of hospitalization in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and some causes of neonatal hospitalization (P Conclusion:According to the results, health policymakers were recommended to pay much more attention to the assessment of the developmental status of low-weight neonates for timely diagnosis and treatment as well as the education of health care providers and parents. Keywords:Developmental status,Low birth weight,Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ)

Introduction:Accidents are one of the most important causes of injury and death across the world, including Iran. The epidemiological data play a key role in taking effective strategic decisions for their prevention and control. This study was conducted to determine the Frequency of different types of accidents in children aged under 5 years living in Yazd province, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data on 2489 children under 5 years referred to hospitals in Yazd province were collected from March, 2015 to March, 2016, using the accidents registration forms and the related software. Chi-square test was incorporated to analyze the results using SPSS version 19. Results: The frequency of accidents in boys was 1460 (58.7%) and in girls 1029 (41.3%). Accidents occurred most frequently in April-May (n: 245, 9.8%) and the winter (n: 693, 27.8%). 93.3% of accidents occurred in the urban areas, 4.4% in the rural areas and 2.3% in outside the city and the villages. The total number of accidents at home was 1743 (70%) and in the alleys and on the streets 495 (19%), the most frequent accident was falling (n: 743, 29.9%), followed by burns (n: 543, 21.8%) and trauma (n: 495, 19.9%). The difference in the type of accident between different age groups was significant (P< 0.001). Conclusion: The comparatively higher frequency of falling, burn, trauma, as well as the accidents at home and in the winter indicate parents’ insufficient attention to home safety standards and their lack of adequate information about protection of children under5 years against the most common accidents of this age group. Planning for and intervention in these areas might help in reducing the accidents.

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Due to its high prevalence and fatality, the current Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, which first emerged in China in 2019, quickly spread around the world and immediately became a serious global health concern. Although respiratory issues were initially the most prominent symptom of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it became obvious rapidly that COVID-19, like many other coronavirus family members, could affect the central nervous system (CNS). During the pandemic, CNS involvement expressed itself in a variety of forms, including insomnia, anosmia, headaches, encephalopathies, encephalitis, cerebrovascular accidents, cognitive and memory impairment, and increased psychiatric disorders. Almost everyone who has been infected has at least one of these neurological symptoms, demonstrating that the virus has a high ability to impact the CNS. As the coronavirus pandemic passes its second year, the manifestations it can cause in the long run, such as its psychological sequels, have not yet been thoroughly studied. Given the high importance of this issue in today's society and due to the lack of reliable knowledge about the COVID-19 landscape on psychiatric disorders, we intend to investigate coronavirus's possible effect on mental illnesses based on available literature. Because the majority of the psychological effects of the coronavirus can continue for a long period after the pandemic ends, our research can give insight into potential psychiatric sequels associated with COVID-19.

The effects of flotation operation parameters, including froth depth, air flowrate, and frother dosage, on the froth and collection zone recovery and the flowrate of particles into the froth phase were investigated in a 10 m3 industrial cell. The results showed that froth recovery increases upon increasing air flowrate and frother dosage, as well as reducing froth depth. While all tested parameters affected the particles that entered into the froth phase, air flowrate and frother dosage showed the most and least significance, respectively. When the air flowrate, frother dosage, and froth depth were 146 m3/h, 150 mL/min, and 5 cm, respectively, froth recovery was found to be above 84%. Also, the effect of the parameters studied on collection zone recovery was different from their effect on the froth zone, with air flowrate having the greatest impact on the former.

Background: Phospholipase A-2-activating protein (PLAP) has essential roles in biological pathways. Neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive microcephaly, spasticity, and brain anomalies (NDMSBA) is a complex neurodevelopmental disease caused by defects in the PLAA gene (MIM: 603873). Herein, we aimed to detect the potential genetic factors contributing to the NDMSBA phenotype in a 2.5-year-old affected male in an Iranian consanguineous family.Methods: After meticulously performing neuroimaging and clinical examinations, due to heterogeneity of neurodevelopmental diseases, the proband was subjected to paired-end whole-exome sequencing (WES). The candidate variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and different in silico predictions were used to show the pathogenicity of the variant. Results: The brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, severe subcortical, deep and deep white matter signal abnormalities, thinning of the corpus callosum, and severe vermis atrophy. Interestingly, we detected a novel homozygous missense variant, NM_001031689.3:c.2264A>G;p.(Asp755Gly) in the PLAA gene. To the best of our knowledge, this variant is the second one identified within the PUL domain (PLAP, Ufd3p, and Lub1p) of PLAP and also the sixth reported variant throughout the PLAA gene. In silico analyses underscored the pathogenicity of the variant. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated severe cerebral and cerebellar white matter signal abnormalities, hypertelorism, strabismus, and drooling in the proband as the novel manifestation of NDMSBA that in turn caused by a novel likely pathogenic missense variant. Further studies are required to confirm how this variant contributes to NDMSBA.

Background Multiple sclerosis patients are faced with numerous problems during their illness. Development of a self-report measure of health problems in multiple sclerosis patients is required based on cultural factors, `which can advance our understanding of the level of health problems for care planning and improvement of coping and quality of life. The current study aimed to develop and validate the scale of health problems of Multiple Sclerosis. Methods This present study is an exploratory sequential mixed method study that was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, the concept of health problems in MS patients was defined using the content analysis approach. In the second phase, the item pool was generated from findings of the first phase. In the third phase, psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated including face, content and construct validity as well as reliability. Results After examining the psychometric properties of validity and reliability, 33 items were designed in the final questionnaire. Factor analyses revealed five factors: physical problems, psychological problems, emotional problems, family problems, and socio-economic problems. Internal consistency and stability of the developed questionnaire confirmed with 0.93 and 0.95 respectively that indicated excellent reliability. Conclusion The 33-item developed questionnaire is valid and reliable for measurement of levels of health problems in Iranian people with MS.

BackgroundPhospholipase A-2-activating protein (PLAP) has essential roles in biological pathways. Neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive microcephaly, spasticity, and brain anomalies (NDMSBA) is a complex neurodevelopmental disease caused by defects in the PLAA gene (MIM: 603873). Herein, we aimed to detect the potential genetic factors contributing to the NDMSBA phenotype in a 2.5-year-old affected male in an Iranian consanguineous family.ResultsAfter meticulously performing neuroimaging and clinical examinations, due to heterogeneity of neurodevelopmental diseases, the proband was subjected to paired-end whole-exome sequencing (WES). The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, severe subcortical, deep and deep white matter signal abnormalities, thinning of the corpus callosum, and severe vermis atrophy. Interestingly, we detected a novel homozygous missense variant, NM_001031689.3:c.2264A>G;p.(Asp755Gly) in the PLAA gene. To the best of our knowledge, this variant is the second one identified within the PUL domain (PLAP, Ufd3p, and Lub1p) of PLAP and also the sixth reported variant throughout the PLAA gene. In silico analyses underscored the pathogenicity of the variant. ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated severe cerebral and cerebellar white matter signal abnormalities, hypertelorism, strabismus, and drooling in the proband as the novel manifestation of NDMSBA that in turn caused by a novel likely pathogenic missense variant. Further studies are required to confirm how this variant contributes to NDMSBA.

Cognitive impairments are a part of the neurocognitive disorders which deteriorate the normal cognitive function. An overview of systematic reviews (SRs) was conducted to summarize the findings of SRs and meta-analyses on the effectiveness of Huperzine A (Hup A) in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A literature search was conducted since inception to December 2020. We used the AMSTAR tool to assess the methodological quality of SRs. The quality of evidence of primary studies was evaluated according to the SRs authors' assessment. Six SRs met our inclusion criteria. The results showed that Hup A has beneficial effects on cognitive function and Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) in Alzheimer's disease, but in vascular dementia and MCI, there was little or no evidence to conclusion. There is insufficient evidence of the effectiveness of Hup A on the quality of life and global clinical assessment. None of the SRs reported any serious side effects. Despite the promising effects of Hup A on cognition and ADLs, there is insufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of Hup A in cognitive impairments due to the high heterogeneity of SRs and the low quality of primary studies. High-quality, large multicenter RCTs with long-term follow-up in different settings are warranted.

In lines 5 and 6 iron ore concentrate production plants of Gol-e-Gohar Complex (Sirjan, Iran) the special surface of concentrate (Blain) is increased by the high pressure grinding rolls (HPGR).At present, due to changes in the input feed of the plant, the magnetite concentrate moisture has increased. Increasing the moisture content of the material will reduce the HPGR operational gap, thereby reducing the feed rate and the effective pressure on the particles. As a result, Blain of Concentrate was reduced. In the present study, the effect of several surfactants on the filtration rate and cake moisture content of Gol-e-Gohar iron ore concentrate was investigated using a laboratory scale vacuum filter. Four surfactants were used to study their effect on moisture, cake formation time and throughput. Chemicals was Sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SDS and SLES, anionic surfactant), Polyethylene glycol (PEG, nonionic surfactant) and Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, cationic surfactant). filtration tests was carried out at optimal conditions of operating pressure, dewatering time, particle size, and solids content of pulp respectively 60 Kp, 120 second, 105 micron and 60% w/w. results indicated that by adding 100 g/t SDS and SLES, the filter cake moisture content reduced from 9.2 to 7% (wet weight base). So they was effectiveness more than other surfactants. The SDS increased filtration efficiency by decreasing cake formation time, increasing the filtrate volume and throughput. The use of SDS and SLES improves filtration performance by increasing the ratio of throughput to moisture (Φ= throughput/moisture). At a dose of 100 g/ton SDS and 75 g/ton SLES, the lowest moisture of filter cake and the highest throughput was achieved. The ratio (Φ) for those was highest compared to other surfactants. The results showed that SLES had the same SDS results as 75 g /ton. SLES was chosen as the final filter aid because of it has better performance on reducing the moisture content of the cake, reducing the cake formation time, higher throughput, cost-effectiveness and availability.

The southwestern part of the Baltic Sea, including parts of the central European system, the Torne European Suture Zone, and the Ringkobing-Fyn High, is one of the most attractive areas for geoscientists due to its complicated geological structure caused by different tectonic events. In this paper, a local three-dimensional model of the crustal structures was developed based on interactive forward modeling of gravity data in the southwestern part of the Baltic Sea. The model considers sedimentary layers, upper crust, lower crust, and part of the upper mantle and applies the information of the area, including crustal thickness and Moho topography. Seismic sections and existing models in the area were used as the primary information to generate an appropriate initial model to reduce the problem of non-uniqueness, which is recognized as an inherent problem in potential fields modeling. The results indicated that the crustal thickness in the study area varies from 20 to 35 km. The thickest part is located in the Precambrian Baltic crust in the northeastern part of the region, and the thinnest part is in the margin of the Northern German Basin. The depth of Moho discontinuity in this area also varies from 26 to 42 km and shows significant changes on the sides of the Tornquist Zone.

One of the most powerful tools for solving optimization problems is optimization algorithms (inspired by nature) based on populations. These algorithms provide a solution to a problem by randomly searching in the search space. The design’s central idea is derived from various natural phenomena, the behavior and living conditions of living organisms, laws of physics, etc. A new population-based optimization algorithm called the Binary Spring Search Algorithm (BSSA) is introduced to solve optimization problems. BSSA is an algorithm based on a simulation of the famous Hooke’s law (physics) for the traditional weights and springs system. In this proposal, the population comprises weights that are connected by unique springs. The mathematical modeling of the proposed algorithm is presented to be used to achieve solutions to optimization problems. The results were thoroughly validated in different unimodal and multimodal functions, additionally, the BSSA was compared with high-performance algorithms: binary grasshopper optimization algorithm, binary dragonfly algorithm, binary bat algorithm, binary gravitational search algorithm, binary particle swarm optimization, and binary genetic algorithm. The results show the superiority of the BSSA. The results of the Friedman test corroborate that the BSSA is more competitive.

Hypothesis Silane (sol–gel)-based coatings have been introduced as an eco-friendly system for reducing the metals' corrosion in NaCl solutions. However, due to the lack of active protection property for this type of coatings, their modification is totally recommended for achieving durable protection properties. The present study introduces Beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as a novel/effective organic nano-container for Benzimidazole (BM) encapsulation to obtain reliable active protection property via a controlled-release property. Experiments The chemical structure of the β-CD-BM macromolecule was explored by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). Besides, the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization (potentiodynamic) tests were carried out for investigating the inhibition impacts of the constructed containers. The exposed and unexposed samples' surfaces were analyzed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS)/mapping, and Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) experiments. Also, the EIS test was conducted over the Silane-based composite film (SCF) for analyzing the anti-corrosion performance of the constructed composites. Findings The EIS achievements demonstrated that by the addition of β-CD-BM complexes to the saline solution, the mild steel corrosion was mitigated by about 84%. The EIS results also displayed that the total resistance of the modified composite was enhanced from 5540 Ω.cm2 to 10967 Ω.cm2 and the intact coating provided a total resistance of 80254 Ω.cm2. The dispersion-corrected Density Functional Theory (DFT)-D explorations ascertained the inclusion capacity of benzimidazole inside the β-CD. The Monte Carlo/Molecular Dynamics (MC/MD) calculations strongly affirmed the adsorption of BM and β-CD-BM over the substrate.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of exposure to pesticides and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In a cross-sectional study with a population of 9088, the data were collected through Persian Adult Cohort Questionnaire in Shahedieh area of Yazd, Iran. Based on the results, variables such as age, gender, body mass index, physical activity, and education level in the studied population had a significant association with the prevalence of diabetes. Although the obtained data in this study did not show a relationship between exposure to pesticides and the risk of developing T2D, further prospective studies are needed to determine the association between exposure to pesticides and the development of T2D.

Background In addition to their educational role, resilient schools have a good capacity in response to disasters. Due to the large student population, the schools can be a safe and secure environment during disasters, in addition to maintaining their performance after. Given the role and importance of the schools, the impact of culture and environment on resilience, without any indigenous and comprehensive tool for measuring the resilience in Iran, the study aimed to design and psychometrically evaluate the measurement tools. Method This study was conducted using a mixed-method sequential explanatory approach. The research was conducted in two main phases of production on items based on hybrid model and the psychometric evaluation of the tool. The second phase included validity (formal, content and construction) and reliability (multiplex internal similarity, consistency and reliability). Result The integration of systematic and qualitative steps resulted in entering 91 items into the pool of items. After formal and content validity, 73 items remained and 44 were omitted in exploratory factor analysis. A questionnaire with 5 factors explained 52.08% of total variance. Finally, after the confirmatory factor analysis, the questionnaire was extracted with 29 questions and 5 factors including "functional", "architectural", "equipment", "education" and "safety". Internal similarity and stability in all factors were evaluated as good. Conclusion The result showed that the 29-item questionnaire of school resilience in emergencies and disasters is valid and reliable, that can be used to evaluate school resilience. On the other hand, the questionnaire on assessment of school resilience in disasters enables intervention to improve its capacity.

SYNOPSIS The effect of flotation operational parameters on froth stability and froth recovery was studied. Froth stability was measured using a special column. To determine the froth recovery, the froth height change model and froth height exponential model were used. It was found that since the interactions between the pulp and froth zones affect the time of froth formation, the exponential model is more suitable than the froth height change method for determining the froth recovery. The results showed that superficial air velocity and collector dosage have, respectively, the highest and lowest effect on the froth recovery, while froth recovery decreases sharply with increasing froth height. Keywords: froth stability, froth recovery, superficial air velocity, collector dosage, frother dosage.

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis diseases threatens independence and self-efficacy for effective participation in family and community. Patients' low self-efficacy affects their ability to cope with problems and stress, depression their level of motivation in difficult situations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-care education by team member teaching on self-efficacy in Multiple sclerosis patients. MethodsIn the randomized controlled trial study, 40 Multiple sclerosis patients from Jahrom MS society were selected by simple random sampling and then were divided into intervention and control groups by random allocation. In the intervention group, 6 training sessions were held twice a week for 60 minutes. Data were collected using Multiple Sclerosis Self-Efficacy Scale before, immediately and one month after intervention in both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 and descriptive statistics, chi-square test, repeated measurements and ANOVA at significant level of 0.05.ResultsPatients in intervention and control groups were matched for demographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, education, occupation and so on. The mean score of self-efficacy in before, immediately and one month after intervention significantly different showed in intervention group (p = 0.001), whereas these changes were not significant in the control group (0.228). Self-efficacy scores were also significantly different between control and intervention groups at immediately and one month after intervention (p = 0.001).ConclusionBased on the findings, the team training approach provides a simple and safe learning for patients and leads to the improvement of self-efficacy in Multiple sclerosis patients.

Introduction: Social and organizational supports are effective factors closely related to job burnout and Due to the limited studies in this area on Iranian workers, this study aims to determine the predictability of social support and organizational support in job burnout for workers in Yazd. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 textile workers in Yazd through stratified random sampling. The data were collected by the tools including demographic characteristics, questionnaires of social support, organizational support, and Maslach's job burnout. The data were analyzed by SPSS using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the multiple linear regression. The Significance level of tests was considered as p

BACKGROUND: Quality of relationship marital status affects all aspects of family functioning, including sustainability of cohabit living, supporting children, and happiness of couples. This study was conducted to examine the effect of group cognitive-behavioral counseling on optimism and self-esteem of women during the 1st month of marriage that referring to marriage counseling center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A semi-experimental study was designed by a test, posttest, and follow-up. Participants consisted of 30 women admitted to premarriage counseling center of Farsan city in 2018 with using purposive sampling by random numbers’ table into experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in eight consecutive 2-h group counseling sessions. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaire, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, and optimism designed by Mir Ahmadi (reliability and validity are calculated and was 0.96) and completed in three rounds. Women's self-esteem retested was done after 1 month. Data were analyzed with independent t-test and repeated measures ANOVA (significance level

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women are classified as one of the vulnerable groups. Physiological and psychological changes during pregnancy predispose them to serious psychiatric disorders; if not identified and treated in time, it can have a negative and long-term impact on mental health. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive–behavioral counseling of pregnant women with the presence of a spouse on the level of stress, anxiety, and postpartum depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is a clinical trial that was performed on 40 pregnant women with a gestational age of 32–28 weeks (20 in the intervention group, 20 in the control group) who were randomly assigned to the intervention group and the control group according to the inclusion criteria. Cognitive–behavioral group counseling in the presence of spouses was performed by the midwife and under the supervision of a psychologist, in eight sessions, each session lasting 90 min, once a week for the intervention group. The control group received routine care and a counseling session. Data collection tools were demographic information questionnaire and Depression–Anxiety–Stress Scale 21, which were completed before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and on the 14th day after delivery in both groups. Data analysis was performed using statistical tests, independent t-test, repeated measures test, Bonferroni post hoc test, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that the mean scores of stress, anxiety, and depression in the two groups in the preintervention stage were not significantly different (P < 0.05), but in the postintervention stage and follow-up, the mean scores of stress (P < 0.001), depression (P = 0.010), and anxiety (P = 0.029) in the intervention group were significantly reduced compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: According to the research findings, cognitive–behavioral group counseling can be effective as an approach in improving the symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression in pregnant women. Therefore, it is necessary to plan properly to use this counseling approach to manage stress, anxiety, and depression in women during pregnancy.

Objective In the current study we have stimulated the efficacy of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) by laser hyperthermia to achieve a less invasive method for tumor photothermal therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods The levels of apoptosis on induced BPH in rats were assessed after treatment and revealed and recorded by various assayed. Moreover, the expression of caspases was considered to demonstrate the apoptotic pathways due to laser induced plasmonic NPs. Results In the Laser + NPs group prostate size of induced BPH decreased. Laser + NPs also decreased prostate specific antigen in comparison with the BPH groups. Furthermore, Laser + NPs attenuated BPH histopathologic indices in the rats. Laser + NPs induced apoptosis in prostatic epithelial cells via caspase-1 pathway. Conclusions Altogether, the approach and findings from this study can be applied to introduce the laser irritated NPs method as a novel and less invasive therapy for patients suffering from BPH.

BACKGROUND: DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that has the ability to alter gene expression and function. These epigenetic changes have been associated with the development of cancer. Previous research has found that DNA methylation patterns can predict disease prognosis for patients with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL). The role of DNMT1 and CDH1 in regulating the extension of cells are studied in this study. METHODS: DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of APL patients and treated with bisulfite. DNMT1 and CDH1 gene promoter methylation was subsequently analyzed using methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Real-time PCR was used to measure the expression level of DNMT1 and CDH1 genes. RESULTS: Partial methylation of the CDH1 gene promoter was detected in 20% of APL patients and an unmethylated status was detected in 80% of patient samples. Additionally, an unmethylated status in the DNMT1 gene promoter was detected in 100% of APL patient samples. CONCLUSION: Our study found the CDH1 gene promoter to be unmethylated in almost all APL patients, while the DNMT1 promoter was unmethylated in all APL patients. Furthermore, we observed an increase in both CDH1 and DNMT1 gene expression in APL patients compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest that DNMT1 may not have a specific role in inhibiting CDH1 gene expression in APL. Applying higher resolution techniques would help to better uncover the DNA methylation patterns in patients with APL. Further research is required to determine the role of DNA methylation and CDH1 and DNMT1 gene expression in APL.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess associations of Citrobacter freundii foodborne outbreaks with environmental factors in various regions of Yazd Province, Iran, 2012–2016. Methods: The public health surveillance data were used for one period of five years reported foodborne disease outbreaks in various regions of the Province. Multilevel regression statistical method was used to analyze associations of climatic and demographic variables with outbreaks. Significant associations were tested using likelihood ratio tests. Results: Results showed a significant association between C. freundii outbreaks and air dust conditions, age groups and various regional cities. Conclusion: The current study revealed necessity of etiologic agent identification for use in foodborne disease outbreak guidance in future outbreaks. Systemic surveillance schemes can help prevent and control similar scenarios using reports of environmental effects on foodborne disease outbreaks.

Background Consuming oral contraceptive pills is one of the methods for preventing pregnancy worldwide. As using the pills has always caused the greatest concern for the likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases and also given the limited conducted studies in this regard, this study was carried out to determine the impacts of low dose birth control pills on plasma levels of nitric oxide, homocysteine, and lipid profiles in the exposed vs. non exposed women as the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Methods This was a combined cohort study conducted on 100 women, having the age range 20–35 years and normal menstrual cycles, referred to the health care centers in Yazd, Iran. The demographic data were obtained through face to face interviews performed by the researcher. Anthropometric indexes were measured and biochemical factors were determined by testing blood samples. Then, using SPSS 16 and statistical independent t-test and Chi- square, the data were analyzed. Results The mean ± standard deviations of plasma levels of homocysteine, nitric oxide, cholesterol, triglyceride, Low Density Lipoprotein, and High Density Lipoprotein levels in the group consumed low dose contraceptive pills were 3.84 ± 2.35 μmol/l, 181.36 ± 90.44 μM, 180.7 ± 38.28 mg/dl, 129.82 ± 47.92 mg/ dl, 101.42 ± 30.66 mg/dl, and 56.46 ± 8.42 mg/dl, There were significant statistical differences between those consuming the pills and those not consuming the pills regarding cholesterol (P Conclusion Consuming Low Dose contraceptive pills can increase the plasma levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, and Low Density Lipoprotein levels; i.e. this condition is called dyslipidemia. On the other hand, there were no changes in the levels of homocysteine and nitric oxide in the healthy women consuming the pills; therefore, the pills may not develop cardiovascular diseases in healthy women. Accordingly, it is recommended that the health care providers prescribe the pills for the women with cautions.

Electricity production and consumption can be considered as one of the most important factors and necessities in the growth and development of any country. To generate electricity, it is necessary to build power plants. Due to the high exchange rate and the high cost of construction and operation of any new power plant in the electricity industry, it is necessary to select these power plants based on a wide range of criteria. In this research, using economic, environmental, technical, and social criteria, different power plants in Iran are prioritised using Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) fuzzy hierarchical analysis methods for the 2018–2040 period. Indicators of environmental pollution, initial investment per unit of electricity generated, maintenance costs, accessibility, public acceptability, and the possibility of developing and increasing capacity were the main indicators affecting the prioritisation of power plants in Iran. In general, according to all the indicators studied in this study, the level of environmental pollution has the greatest impact on the prioritisation of power plants. Also, the indicators related to the amount of initial investment per kilowatt-hour of electricity generated, maintenance costs, the possibility of expanding and increasing the capacity, and the possibility of easy access to spare parts were the most important factors. The results of multicriteria decision prioritisation show that solar power plants are the first option for the strategic choice of power plants, and wind farms and small-scale biomass are in the next priorities. Therefore, it is suggested that the government and policy institutions, according to the prioritisation of power plants, create the necessary infrastructure to exploit these energies.

Introduction: Lice are external parasites found in all socioeconomic classes around the world, which infect millions of people, especially children aged 5-14 years. Considering the growing and epidemiological trend of head lice in recent years, despite careful health care, more prognosis is needed. Therefore, this study aimed to study eco-epidemiological factors of head lice in 10-12 year-old girls in Birjand City in 2017. Methods: This cross-sectional study with descriptive-analytic approach was conducted in Birjand City in the 2017. The participants were selected using cluster sampling method from girl primary schools in Birjand City and its suburb areas. Data were entered into SPSS version 22 and analyzed by logistic regression test at significant level of 0.0.5 Results: Head lice was evaluated in 2417 elementary school girls. The prevalence of head lice infection was 13.6% (n=329) in the population. The prevalence of contamination in urban areas was two times higher than the suburb areas. Significant correlations were observed between head lice infestation and father's education, mother's education, parent's job, family income, nationality, presence of foreigners in a class, habitat, history of previous student infections, presence of an infected person in the family, use of common Chador (piece of cloth worn by Muslim women to cover their body and hair) for praying at school. (p

Background Over the past few decades, the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has risen rapidly in Iran and other low and middle-income countries. We investigated the prevalence of DM, pre-diabetes, undiagnosed and uncontrolled diabetes and its relationship with some associated socioeconomic factors in the Yazd Greater Area in Iran. Methods Yazd Health Study is a longitudinal study conducted to determine the prevalence of non-communicable disease and related risk factors. In a two-step cluster sampling, 10,000 adults aged 20–69 years (200 clusters) were selected. In the recruitment phase, DM was considered if the patients had been either diagnosed DM by a physician or had fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL. Chi square test was used for categorical variables to evaluate the differences and logistic regression model was applied to determine the predictors of diabetes.. P-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results Of the 9965 individuals recruited, the crude self-reported prevalence of DM was 14.1% (95% CI: 13.4–14.7). The prevalence was higher in women than men (15.6 vs.12.4%), significantly. The age-standardized prevalence of DM was 8%. The prevalence was 14.9% in Yazd local people and 8.6% in those residents migrated from other provinces (P ). We showed a significant association between DM prevalence and age, education, marital status, unemployment, insurance status, and positive family history (P ). The prevalence of DM diagnosed by phycisians was 16.1% in participants (age-standardized prevalence: 8.3%). The subset analysis showed that 4.8% of patients were not aware of their disease. The prevalence of pre-diabetes was 25.8%. Of those with diabetes, 58.3% were not adequately controlled, which is not statistically significant with socio-economic status. Conclusion The current study showed a high prevalence of DM in Yazd Greater Area which is closely related to some socio-demographic factors. The high prevalence of pre-diabetes is alarming. Effective strategies for DM prevention should be introduced. The majority of people with diabetes are aware, but half of them are not controlled. The ineffective care plan currently in use, should be reviewed. Patients needs to be encouraged to improve their lifestyle. Active follow-up of patients is recommended to ensure continuity of care.

A thioether unsymmetrical N2S donor Schiff base ligand, N-2-((2-nitrophenyl)thio)phenyl)-1-(pyrrole-2-yl)methanimine (HL) and its five complexes [NiL2], [CuL2], [ZnHL(H2O)2(OAc)2], [CdHL(H2O)2(OAc)2]·2H2O and [MnHL(H2O)2(OAc)2]·2H2O were synthesized. The ligand and metal complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR, UV–Vis), elemental analyses, mass spectrometry, and conductance measurements. Of these complexes, [NiL2] was structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. In this complex, two ligands function as monobasic N2S tridentate and coordinate through pyrrole-N, thioether-S, and azomethine-N, and the nickel(II) is in distorted octahedral environments.

Massive gravities in anti-de Sitter spacetime can be viewed as effective dual field theories of different phases of condensed matter systems with broken translational symmetry such as solids, (perfect) fluids, and liquid crystals. Motivated by this fact, we explore the black hole chemistry (BHC) of these theories and find a new range of novel phase transitions close to realistic ones in ordinary physical systems. We find that the equation of state of topological black holes (TBHs) at their inflection point(s) in $d$-dimensional spacetime reduces to a polynomial equation of degree $(d-4)$, which yields up to $n=(d-4)$ critical points. As a result, for (neutral) TBHs, we observe triple-point phenomena with the associated first-order phase transitions (in $d \ge 7$), and a new phenomenon we call an $N$-fold reentrant phase transition, in which several ($N$) regions of thermodynamic phase space exhibit distinct reentrant phase transitions, with associated virtual triple points and zeroth-order phase transitions (in $d \ge 8$), as well as Van der Waals transitions (in $d \ge 5$) and reentrant (in $d \ge 6$) behavior. We conclude that BHC in higher-dimensional massive gravity is very likely to offer further new surprises., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, published version

In the context of Black Hole Chemistry (BHC), holographic phase transitions of asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) charged topological black holes (TBHs) in massive gravity coupled to Power Maxwell Invariant (PMI) electrodynamics are discussed in the grand canonical (fixed $U(1)$ potential, $\Phi$) ensemble. Considering all higher-order graviton's self-interactions of (dRGT) massive gravitational field theory in arbitrary dimensions, exact TBH solutions are derived, the explicit form of the on-shell action is computed, and the associated thermodynamic quantities in the Grand Canonical Ensemble (GCE) are calculated. In addition, the validity of the first law of thermodynamics and Smarr relation are examined in the extended phase space. Regarding this model, it is shown that a van der Waals (vdW) behavior takes place in $d \ge 4$ dimensions, a typical reentrant phase transition is observed in $d \ge 5$, and both anomalous vdW and triple point phenomena are recognized in $d \ge 6$. So, the results are quite different from their counterparts in the GCE of Maxwell-massive gravity. Besides, we briefly study the critical behaviors of higher-dimensional TBHs with a conformally invariant Maxwell source as a special subgroup of our solutions for both Einstein and massive gravity theories in various ensembles., Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables - Published version

One way to diminish the steel corrosion rate and enhance its lifetime in the saline (NaCl-based) solutions is by inserting the plant-sourced organic inhibitor into the aggressive media. However, the plant-sourced organic inhibitor's performance in neutral chloride solutions is not promising, so, the metal cations, i.e. Zinc, were used for aiding the synergistic corrosion inhibition effect. In the current work, mild steel (MS) substrate was inhibited against chloride ions by utilizing different ratios of Sinapis arvensis (Mustard) seed extract (SASE) and Zinc (Zn) combinations. The microstructures of the immersed samples were investigated by FE-SEM, EDS, GIXRD, and AFM analysis. The results affirmed that a protective hybrid film comprising of SASE and Zn was created over the MS surface. The FT-IR test and UV–Visible analysis were utilized for studying the SASE-Zn interaction type and electro-transitions of SASE and SASE:Zn complexes. According to the EIS analysis for the protected sample by 200–600 ppm SASE:Zn complexes, the inhibited samples resistance in front of saline attack (3.5 % sodium chloride) was improved about 85% after 24 h of immersion. Besides, the Tafel curves showed both anodic and cathodic inhibitions against corrosion, confirming the mixed-mode protection where 88% effectiveness was obtained after introducing 200–600 ppm SASE:Zn complexes. Also, the results of morphological analysis displayed the formation of a more smooth protective layer over the MS substrate after adding 200–600 ppm SASE: Zn to the saline solution. On another side, the results of FT-IR and UV–Vis results showed successful interactions between SASE and Zn cations. Furthermore, the outcome of the Raman test illustrated the presence of both D and G bands after SASE: Zn adsorption over the MS substrate.

In the present study, the green-renewable Watermelon extract (WME):Zn inhibitive complexes were introduced in order to reduce the mild steel (MS) corrosion in a 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The chemistry of WME:Zn compounds were probed via the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopies and the results displayed successful interactions between the WME and Zn. The WME:Zn complex anti-corrosion impact and protection mechanism were discovered by EIS and Tafel analyses during 72 h exposure to the neutral chloride-type solution, respectively. The test results confirmed that the WME:Zn controlled 96% of MS corrosion in the saline solution with the help of mixed-type interactions. The immersed samples were examined by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) (equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)) and the structures of the deposited oxides were assessed by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) techniques, that confirmed the WME:Zn protective layer generation over the MS substrate. The atomic force microscope (AFM) displayed the generation of the high smooth layer with lower heterogeneities and the contact angle (CA) results proved the semi-hydrophilic behavior of the inhibited samples.

The current study investigates the cooperative cardioprotective effect of calcitriol (active form of vitamin D) combined with resveratrol in a rat model of d-galactose (d.gal)-induced aging. Male Wistar rats received resveratrol (d.gal + Res), calcitriol (d.gal + Cal), or a combination of them (d.gal + Res + Cal). Intact animals served as control (Ctl). Blood pressure (BP) was recorded by cannulation of the left carotid artery. Fibrosis and cell size were assessed by Masson’s trichrome and hematoxylin–eosin staining, respectively. Cardiac and serum level of antiaging protein, klotho, was measured by ELISA assay method. Gene expression was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. Biochemical tests were performed according to the standardized method. In d.gal + Res + Cal group, BP, heart weight-to-body weight ratio, and cardiomyocytes size decreased significantly compared with d-gal group. The cardiac transcription levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 were upregulated in d.gal + Res + Cal compared to the d.gal group (P

No Abstract

Introduction: In November 2017, the earthquake with the magnitudes of 7.3 Richter was occurred near Azgel, on the Iranian-Iraqi border. This study aimed to assess the health status and the health services provided in the earthquake. Because health environment is considered as a key element to reduce earthquake damages. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Villages with a population of 150 or more inhabitants which were supported by 5 rural and urban health centers have been selected. The data collection tools were including the standards Sphere project, for the quantitative and qualitative comparison of facilities and the WHO checklist for evaluating the facilities. The checklist included 7 categories and 14 subcategories and 37 activities which were done by the researcher group for 7 days after 18 days from the earthquake. Results: In the subcategories of the household, the provision and use of design and ready-made places and hand washing, in general, the evaluated activities were in full compliance. The subcategory of the temporary accommodation area of the affected areas in all the regions had 100% relative compliance; since setting up tents was non-principled and with no monitoring by the concerned organizations. In the subcategory of personal protection and provision of disposal facilities for infants, there was a lack of conformity. Five subcategories and 2 activities of all activities are shared with other related organizations and should co-ordinate with other organizations. Conclusion: Evaluating, prioritizing the level of interventions, establishing coordination in conducting common activities, and educating are suggested for providing better and more effective future services.

Lichen planus is a mucocutaneous chronic inflammatory lesion with a potential for malignant transformation. Exfoliative cytology is a cheaper and less aggressive method for early diagnosis. The study was conducted to evaluate cytomorphometric changes of exfoliated cells of oral lichen planus lesions. This case-control study was accomplished on 33 patients with oral lichen planus and 50 patients who did not have any lesions as the control group. Buccal mucosa cells which were provided by five to ten reciprocating motion of hard toothbrush with constant tolerable pressure were spread on a slide; then, the samples were fixed within an hour and stained with papanicolau method. The cytomorphometric parameters including the diameter of the nucleus (ND), the diameter of cytoplasm (CD), and nuclear-cytoplasmic diameter ratio of each cell were measured. Our findings showed a significant increase in nuclear diameter of case group cells and a significant decrease in cytoplasmic diameter of the same group; so, the N/C ratio in this group was clearly higher than the control group. Oral mucosa brush biopsy can be an inexpensive, sensitive, simple, and safe method of screening the dysplastic and malignant changes. It serves as an adjuvant method which is precise, objective, and repeatable.

Introduction: The role of surveillance system is to support the early identification of diseases by monitoring the ecological conditions such as climatic events, natural disasters, and demographic parameters in order to access timely public health functional responses. Food and water supply quality are the essential factors in foodborne illness incidence rates that might be influenced by environmental conditions. Therefore, detecting unacceptable numbered cases suffered from foodborne illness in Yazd touristic province of Iran was considered as the main goal of this study. Methods: The methodology of investigation was recognizing the gastrointestinal illness relationships with temporal climatic parameters in scattered parts of the Province during (2012-2016) by multilevel regression analysis model. The analyses were done using Stata software, version 14. Results: The output of analyses indicated that relative humidity, rainfall, and dust suspended condition have been in association with the cases of foodborne illness in different cities of the Province and the highest rate of illness was in summer. Conclusion: The ecological conditions have various roles on foodborne disease incidence rates in different cities of Yazd province. Therefore, further investigations are needed for detecting the regional climatic impacts and more important epidemiologic factors should be considered for the control of foodborne diseases.

Introduction: Coping with disease is of the main components improving the quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients. Identifying the characteristics of this concept is based on the experiences of patients. Using qualitative research is essential to improve the quality of life. This study was conducted to explore the features of coping with the disease in patients with multiple sclerosis. Method: In this conventional content analysis study, eleven multiple sclerosis patients from Iran MS Society in Tehran (Iran) participated. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. Data were gathered using semi structured interviews. To analyze data, a conventional content analysis approach was used to identify meaning units and to make codes and categories. Results: Results showed that features of coping with disease in multiple sclerosis patients consists of (a) accepting the current situation, (b) maintenance and development of human interactions, (c) self-regulation and (d) self-efficacy. Each of these categories is composed of sub-categories and codes that showed the perception and experience of patients about the coping with disease. Conclusion: Accordingly, a unique set of features regarding features of coping with the disease were identified among the patients with multiple sclerosis. Therefore, working to ensure the emergence of, and subsequent reinforcement of these features in MS patients can be an important step in improving the adjustment and quality of their lives.

Summary The variation of feed characteristics of the Choghart Iron Processing Plant has resulted in the reduction of AG mill efficiency. In this research, the possibility of converting the Choghart AG mill to SAG mill to stabilize the mill power draw and improve the grinding process was investigated. The JKSimMet software was used to simulate the circuit and predict the effect of charging steel balls to the AG mill. The results of grinding tests on the ore samples were used to simulate the circuit. The product size distribution predicted by the software was very close to the actual product size of the AG mill. The simulation of the circuit, using different tonnage of 100 mm steel balls showed that the mill throughput could increase by around 6 percent with a slight increase in the mill product size. The actual results of adding the steel ball to the plant were in agreement with the simulation results. Introduction The throughput of Choghart AG mill circuit was lower than the expected level for grinding the oxidized (or high Fe/FeO ratio) ores. Converting the AG mill to SAG mill to increase the grinding of this type of ore was the investigated option. The circuit was simulated by JKSimMet software and then adding of steel ball to the system was evaluated. The results were validated using the plant-scale studies. Methodology and Approaches Samples from the feed and product streams were collected, the relevant grinding tests were conducted and the selection and breakage functions of the ore were determined. The ore breakage test results and the specification of the feed material and AG mill and vibrating screen were used as input data to the JKSimMet software. Then charging different tonnage of the steel balls to the AG mill was evaluated. Plant-scale experiments were also conducted. Results and Conclusions Based on the impact and abrasion tests of the feed samples this ore was considered as a medium hard type ore. The simulation result for the mill product size distribution was very close to the actual data of the plant. Therefore, this software could be used to predict other changes in the circuit. The simulation results showed that by adding 5 and 10 percent (volume) of 100 mm steel balls to the Choghart AG mill its throughput could be increased by around 3 and 7 percent, respectively. The plant scale experiments with the same type of steel ball were in agreement with the simulation results. As it was expected the mill product size increased slightly