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1,336 results on '"Al‐Lohedan, Hamad A."'

270. Application of New Ammonium-Based Ionic Liquids for Dehydration of Crude Oil Emulsions

Author

Abdullah, Mahmood M. S., Sajid Ali, Mohd, and Al-Lohedan, Hamad A.

Abstract

Crude oil emulsions are prevalent in the petroleum industries due to different natural emulsifiers in crude oil. In addition, adding amphiphilic compounds for enhanced oil recovery at high temperatures and pressure under extreme shear stress conditions improved the stability of these emulsions. However, these emulsions are not desirable because they cause different operational problems. Herein, this work aims to synthesize and characterize two novel ionic liquids (ILs) and apply them to the dehydration of water-in-crude oil (W/O) emulsions. For that, tetraethylene glycol (TEG) was reacted with thionyl chloride (TC), yielding dialkyl halide (TEC). After that, TEC was reacted with 4-hexylaniline (HA) or 4-tetradecylaniline (TA) in the presence of sodium carbonate, obtaining the amines TC-HA and TC-TA, respectively. Finally, TC-HA and TC-TA were reacted with acetic acid, yielding the corresponding ionic liquids, THA-IL and TTA-IL. Chemical structure, surface tension (ST), interfacial tension (IFT), thermal stability, and micelle size were investigated using various techniques. The conventional bottle test was used to evaluate the performance of these ILs for dehydration W/O emulsion at different crude oil/brine ratios (ranging from 90/10 to 50/50). The results indicated that the dehydration performance (DP) increased with an increase in IL concentration. In addition, DP improved with increased water contents, reaching 100% for THA-IL and 80% for TTA-IL, respectively, at a crude oil/brine ratio of 50/50. Furthermore, TTA-IL showed higher DP and separated more clear water than THA-IL, which could be linked to its higher ability to reduce IFT due to a longer alkyl chain than THA-IL. The results showed that the synthesized ILs could serve as demulsifiers in the petroleum industry.

Published
2023
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286. Zn-MOF-derived γ-Zn(OH)2/Zn(OH)2.0.5H2O/Zn(OH)2/activated charcoal-based electrode material for supercapacitor applications.

Author

N. Elumalai, Gowdhaman, A., Masilamani, S., Harish, S., Navaneethan, M., Rajabathar, Jothi Ramalingam, Al-Lohedan, Hamad, Selvaraj, Manickam, Ramesh, R., and Ramu, P.

Abstract

In this work, we derived a γ-Zn(OH)2/Zn(OH)2.0.5H2O/Zn(OH)2@AC nanocomposite-based electrode material from ZIF-8 metal-organic framework (MOF) /activated charcoal with a weight ratio of 1:0.5 by a simple thermolysis process at 400 °C for 4 h. The structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of the prepared electrode materials were studied using powder XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, XPS, and electrochemical workstations. The electrochemical properties were studied in three-electrode cells with 3M of KOH electrolyte. The specific capacitance of γ-Zn(OH)2/Zn(OH)2.0.5H2O/Zn(OH)2@AC was 560 F/g @1 A/g current density, and it was higher than that of ZIF-8 metal-organic framework (MOF) /activated charcoal (330 F/g @ 1 A/g). The enhanced specific capacitance of γ-Zn(OH)2/Zn(OH)2.0.5H2O/Zn(OH)2@AC is due to the improved electrical conductivity o along with higher active surface area which increased the contact of electrolyte ions with active sites along with electron transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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287. The Synthesis and Application of Novel, Star-Shaped Surfactants for the Destabilization of Water in Arabian Heavy Crude Oil Emulsions.

Author

Ezzat, Abdelrahman O., Al-Lohedan, Hamad A., Albarqan, Mohammed Yousef, Toraba, Meshary Abdullah, and Faqihi, Noorah A.

Subjects
HEAVY oil, PETROLEUM, SURFACE active agents, ETHYLENE oxide, PETROLEUM production
Abstract

Water in heavy crude oil (W/O) emulsions, which are stubborn mixtures of immiscible heavy crude oil and brine, are a ubiquitous challenge in the petroleum industry. They cause serious corrosion problems, increase the viscosity of petroleum and make the production cost very high. This phenomenon appears during the production of crude oil and should be treated to maximize the overall profitability of oil production and meet transportation requirement. Surfactants are some of the most useful demulsifiers and play a pivotal role in breaking brine/oil emulsions. Herein, we aimed to combine ethyleneamine units and ethyleneoxide units to prepare star-shaped surfactants and test the effect of this combination on the demulsification performance. First, diethylenetriamine reacted with glycidyl 4-nonyl ether (GNE) through an epoxy ring opening to prepare trinonyl phenoxy diethylenetriamine (TNDT). Then, ethylene oxide units were introduced via the interaction of hydroxyl groups with 2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethanol to form ethoxylated trinonyl phenoxy diethylenetriamine (ETNDT). The chemical structures of the surfactants were verified via FTIR and NMR characteristic techniques. The surfactants were applied as demulsifiers for W/O emulsions. It was found that the introduction of the ethyleneoxide units enhanced the solubility of the water and the demulsification performance of the prepared surfactants. The demulsification efficiency was enhanced via ethoxylation and reached 100% for ETNDT for most of the W/O emulsions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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288. ZnFe-MOF derived ZnO/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite as an electrode material for supercapacitor application.

Author

Elumalai, N., Balaji, C., Masilamani, S., Harish, S., Navaneethan, M., Rajabathar, Jothi Ramalingam, Al-lohedan, Hamad, Selvaraj, Manickam, Ramesh, R., and Ramu, P.

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOF) derived transition metal oxides-based nanocomposites have a great potential for electrochemical energy storage application due to their electrical conductivity and high theoretical capacitance. Herein, the ZnO/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite-based electrode materials were derived from bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (ZnFe-MOFs) through thermal treatment at 300 °C, 500 and 700 °C for electrode application in electrochemical supercapacitor. The structural and morphological of the synthesized electrode materials were studied using powder XRD, HE-SEM, TEM, and XPS characterization techniques. All the thermally treated MOFs converted into ZnO/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite form and the crystallinity of ZnO/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite gradually increased with temperatures. Interestingly, the ZnO/ZnFe2O4 electrode material obtained at 500 °C (Zn-Fe-500) exhibits exceptional specific capacitance of 636.14 F g−1 @1 A g−1, surpassing those prepared at both lower (300 °C) and higher (700 °C) temperatures. The enhancement in the specific capacitance of Zn-Fe-500 is due to decreased resistivity when compared with other electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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