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Turning to the internet to seek and give advice has become increasingly widespread. One of the most popular online sites where advice interactions routinely occur is Reddit. As a public-oriented site, it is important to understand advice interactions on Reddit not only from a descriptive perspective, but also how other audiences might perceive or interact with the advice, which may be evidenced by the platform's mediated features (e.g. Reddit's upvote system). Thus, this project investigates Reddit advice-giving and its relationship with Reddit's upvote system, and how the suitability of the advice might be perceived, and evidenced, on the platform. I adopt move analysis (c.f. Swales, 1981, 1990) to explore the types of moves used in Reddit advice-giving. I also extend the theoretical conception of the move onto Spencer-Oatey and Kádár's (2021) pragmatic notion of the interactional goal, in addition to exploring the association between moves and upvotes using Poisson regression modeling. My results provide a granular and empirical understanding of both the association between upvotes and moves, along with how different advice-giving moves affect our perceptions of advice. I also advance our understanding of Reddit as a site for computer-mediated communication and our understanding of advice as an interactional process. • Public sites such as Reddit require explorations of unratified audience perceptions. • The concept of moves and the interactional goal display affinities with each other. • Advice-givers and unratified audiences have different perceptions of how advice should be formulated. • Advice-giving can be explored by leveraging the mediated features of online platforms, such as Reddit's upvote system. • Pragmatic competencies related to advice-giving are not only context and topic sensitive, but also role sensitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article summarizes the book "Metodología de la Investigación Científica en Derecho. Principios. Criterios. Técnicas" written by Ezequiel Abásolo, a renowned jurist researcher and director of the Institute of Research in Legal History. The book addresses the importance of scientific-legal research methodology and its lack of development in Latin America. It emphasizes that this publication will be of great help for the training of advanced students and lawyers who are starting in academic research. The book offers advice for choosing research topics and explains the five rubrics that should be included in a research project. It also addresses research methodology, bibliography and work plan, as well as academic writing, defense, and publication of research results. The book is a valuable resource for those interested in legal sciences. [Extracted from the article]

In moments of crisis, René Descartes suggests maintaining a cool attitude of steadfast resolution to regain a vantage point of rationality over a given situation. Curzio Malaparte and Primo Levi's works, particularly through their self-proclaimed Cartesian protagonists, interrogate the feasibility of this stance during World War II. This unexplored Cartesian intertext shows how, despite these authors' differences, Malaparte and Levi both wrestled with overlapping epistemological, phenomenological, and aesthetic concerns as they attempted to make sense of the war's horrors. Unwinding this thread, I argue that Descartes's advice, while reasonable in theory, may not always be possible to follow in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an effort to reduce gender disparities in policing and move beyond the current legitimacy crisis faced by the profession, there has been a renewed focus on increasing the recruitment and retention of female police officers. Beyond understanding why current female officers have remained in the field, it is important to understand why some have left the profession altogether. The current study employs deductive and inductive coding of a mixed-methods self-report survey from 154 current and former female officers in the Dallas Police Department (DPD). We sought to examine the advice that current and former female police officers would give to other women who might want to enter or promote within policing. Responses highlighted challenges related to the impact on family life, navigating the male-dominated culture, maintaining one's sense of identity and integrity, and creating strong social support networks. Implications for the DPD and other agencies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policing can be a dangerous profession. While the rate of intentional violence against the police has declined slightly over the past few decades, police rhetoric seems to communicate the opposite. Given this messaging, do officers accurately assess their own risk of violence? To address this question, interviews were conducted with 184 police officers in Pennsylvania. Participants were asked about (1) the risk of assault on police officers compared to 5 years ago; (2) the risk of assault on officers in their own department compared to other police departments; and (3) how they would advise others to cope with this risk. Bivariate analyses indicate that respondents thought police are more likely to be assaulted now compared to 5 years ago. Other findings and implications of these results will be discussed, along with officer advice on how to cope with the risk of policing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a company undergoes a merger or transfers its ownership, the existing governing body has an opinion on which buyer should take over as the new owner. Similar situations occur while assigning the host of big sports tournaments, like the World Cup or the Olympics. In all these settings, the values of the external bidders are as important as the opinions of the internal experts. Motivated by such scenarios, we consider a social welfare maximizing approach to design and analyze truthful mechanisms in hybrid social choice settings, where payments can be imposed to the bidders, but not to the experts. Since this problem is a combination of mechanism design with and without monetary transfers, classical solutions like VCG cannot be applied, making this a novel mechanism design problem. We consider the simple but fundamental scenario with one expert and two bidders, and provide tight approximation guarantees of the optimal social welfare. We distinguish between mechanisms that use ordinal and cardinal information, as well as between mechanisms that base their decisions on one of the two sides (either the bidders or the expert) or both. Our analysis shows that the cardinal setting is quite rich and admits several non-trivial randomized truthful mechanisms, and also allows for closer-to-optimal welfare guarantees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Veterinarians play an important role in establishing and sharing the welfare of companion animals by carrying out regular health checks and informing owners about the specific needs of the animal's environment and conditions of good husbandry. A survey among German cat owners revealed which role advice about cat behavior plays in daily practice and its influence on the cat owner's compliance. Some owners (29.6%, n = 263/889) reported behavioral problems in their cat. Not all owners considered their veterinarian as their contact of choice for behavioral advice, although veterinarians who met owners' expectations for advice on cat behavior are significantly more often described as feline-friendly (P < 0.000). Owners who expected an empathetic treatment of their cat will show a better compliance (P = 0.003). Owner compliance can be improved by providing accurate and effective veterinary advice about cat behavior and behavioral problems (P = 0.003). Thus, a sound foundation in cat behavior and knowledge of current treatment recommendations for feline behavioral problems can be worthwhile to ensure good husbandry for cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People are increasingly likely to obtain advice from algorithms. But what does taking advice from an algorithm (as opposed to a human) reveal to others about the advice seekers' goals? In five studies (total N = 1927), we find that observers attribute the primary goal that an algorithm is designed to pursue in a situation to advice seekers. As a result, when explaining advice seekers' subsequent behaviors and decisions, primarily this goal is taken into account, leaving less room for other possible motives that could account for people's actions. Such secondary goals are, however, more readily taken into account when (the same) advice comes from human advisors, leading to different judgments about advice seekers' motives. Specifically, advice seekers' goals were perceived differently in terms of fairness, profit-seeking, and prosociality depending on whether the obtained advice came from an algorithm or another human. We find that these differences are in part guided by the different expectations people have of the type of information that algorithmic- vs. human advisors take into account when making their recommendations. The presented work has implications for (algorithmic) fairness perceptions and human-computer interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parents often worry children will lose their heritage language when their spoken language develops and they transition to majority language environments. With a growing population of Spanish speakers in Australia, increased attendance at childcare and earlier and more frequent exposure to English, there is a need to understand what advice health professionals are imparting to support language maintenance amongst the Spanish speaking community. In this study, I interviewed 13 Chilean and Colombian mothers about the language maintenance challenges they encountered when their children transitioned to majority language environments. I also investigated if they had sought advice from health professionals, what advice they had been provided, and what impact that had on their family language policy. This study showed that parents often adopted different family language policies in spite of, rather than because of, advice from health professionals. The need for more nuanced and informed advice to support language maintenance in the early years warrants further research into professional development and training in multilingual development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A survey of UK public health system maternity care providers has found that there is inconsistent and conflicting advice regarding infant skincare in the country. The survey revealed that there is no consensus on when to bathe newborns, with recommendations ranging from delaying the first bath for 24 hours to delaying it for up to 2 weeks. There is also variation in recommendations regarding the use of cleansing products and the removal of vernix. The study emphasizes the need for standardized and evidence-based guidelines for infant skincare in the UK. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: The aim of the article is to verify the impact of the use of electronic notification of deliveries on the service time of a means of transport in a distribution center. Methodology: The study used electronic notification in the form of EDI DESADV messages. The research was carried out in one of the distribution centers of a retail company operating in Poland. The study used the method of recording the time of logistics operations. The study was conducted in two stages (each lasting a week), in which the time of logistics operations was recorded in conditions without and with the DESADV message implemented. Results: The results of the conducted research show that the use of electronic despatch advice allows you to reduce the time of handling the means of transport in the distribution center. Conclusion: Reducing the time of handling the means of transport in the distribution center brings numerous additional benefits, such as faster release of the means of transport and enabling it to carry out subsequent transport tasks, handling a larger number of unloadings with the same number of resources (e.g. warehouse ramps), accelerating the internal process and enabling faster reloading to other means of transport performing the distribution process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Synergies Afrique des Grands Lacs is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This practice report provides an overview of a podcast series designed to support first-year student transition to university and promote wellbeing and belonging. The podcast was established in 2017 in a compulsory first year law subject (Legal Institutions and Methods) at La Trobe University, Australia. The podcasts record interviews with students who have recently completed the subject and are designed to (a) give interviewees an opportunity to reflect on their experiences and (b) provide advice to future commencing law students (i.e., their peers). The podcast is a form of peer-to-peer mentoring that requires a relatively small investment of resources and provides on-demand support to students as they commence their law studies. The concept is readily adaptable to other disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Covid-19 pandemic, the concurrent infodemic highlighted the urgent need to develop autonomous and advanced reading skills for an increasingly complex and ambiguous world. Particularly, in this context, there appears to be a tension between people seeking clear, authoritative information and advice on the internet, and health experts giving recommendations, actively defining the boundaries of their (in)expertise by formulating (un)certainty that is such a prevalent feature of this novel virus. Our claim is that possible evidence of a creditable source online emerges when the healthcare professional describes their (in)expertise through a systematic deployment of a wide range of warranting strategies, while claiming authority in a limited field of knowledge (Richardson 2003). Our analysis addresses the expert online formulation of (un)certainty focusing on a daily coronavirus podcast, i.e., Coronacast. Through a corpus-assisted discourse analysis, this study uncovers the major types of warranting strategies used by the health hosts in a corpus containing only episodes where there is an expert guest and/or a link to scientific sources. Deeper understanding of how healthcare providers/health podcasters use warranting strategies may make a meaningful contribution to the repertoire of tools useful for identifying un/reliable messages in an increasingly digitalized world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Communicating risk information and offering lifestyle advice are important goals in cardiac rehabilitation. However, the most effective way and the most effective source to communicate this information are not yet known. Therefore, we examined the effect of source (cardiologist, physiotherapist) and framing (gain, loss) of brief lifestyle advice on patients' intention-to-change-lifestyle. Methods: In an online experimental study, 636 cardiac patients (40% female, 67 (10) yrs.) were randomly assigned to one of four textual vignettes. Effect of source and framing on intention-to-change-lifestyle (assessed using a 5-point Likert scale) was analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: Patients expressed positive intention-to-change-lifestyle after receiving advice from the cardiologist (M = 4.1) and physiotherapist (M = 3.9). However, patients showed significantly higher intention-to-change-lifestyle after receiving advice from the cardiologist (0.58 [0.54–0.61]) when compared with the physiotherapist (0.52 [0.48–0.56]), (F[1,609] = 7.06, P = 0.01). Gain-framed and loss-framed advice appeared equally effective. However, communicating risks (loss) was remembered by only 9% of patients, whereas 89% remembered benefits (gain). Conclusions: Our study shows the value of cardiologists and physiotherapists communicating brief lifestyle advice, as cardiac patients expressed positive intention for lifestyle change after receiving advice, irrespective of framing. Lifestyle advice should include benefits due to better recall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forming entrepreneurial strategy is difficult, as the future value of strategy alternatives is uncertain. To create and capture value, firms are advised to consider and test multiple alternative strategy elements. Yet, how firms generate and test alternatives remains understudied. As entrepreneurial firms lack resources for broad search, they often draw upon advisory resources from outside the firm. However, advice can be difficult to extract, absorb, and apply. Although scholars have examined static attributes of the entrepreneur or advisor to explain whether advice is used, a dynamic explanation of how advice is produced and informs strategy testing and formation is missing. In an 11-month field study, we observed 25 founders of 12 food and agriculture firms interacting with a common pool of 34 advisors in an entrepreneurship training program. Leveraging the program's structured design, we observed 165 advice interactions over three phases. No firm took advice and applied it directly to firm strategy. When entrepreneurs engaged literally with advice, they later discounted it—distancing advice from strategy. In contrast, entrepreneurs that coproduced advice challenged advisors to craft novel advice relevant to their strategy, translated it to make it actionable, and tested it—integrating advice into strategy. Firms that distanced advice from strategy did not test strategy alternatives, whereas firms that integrated advice into strategy tested multiple alternatives, explored broader markets, and adapted their strategies. We contribute a grounded process model that explains how coproducing advice opens firms' apertures to consider strategy alternatives, whereas testing informs the strategy elements chosen. Funding: This research was funded in part by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation grant to Susan Cohen. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1656. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advisory texts for young men's educational travel published in the seventeenth century at the universities of the then Swedish realm carry on the tradition of the genre ars apodemica, the formal methodology of the art of travel developed in the sixteenth century. This article has the following aims: first, to examine literary elements in, and traditions behind, some of the recurring thematic sections; second, to discuss the emphasis put on personal improvement in the texts; and third, to explore how Lutheran travellers were instructed to respond to the Catholic world in the period of religious confessionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This document is a book review section from the journal Ibis, which provides information about the Alexander Library at the Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology in Oxford, UK. The review section is organized and edited by Dr. Richard Sale, with contributions from various reviewers. The document includes reviews of specific books related to birdwatching and bird photography. Each book is briefly described, highlighting the main themes and perspectives presented by the authors. The reviews provide valuable insights into bird species found in Italy, Buckton, England, and Colombia, as well as practical advice for photographing garden birds. [Extracted from the article]

This study aimed at describing the directive utterances as well as the grammatical markers of the utterances in the conversations with vertical relations in the anime entitled Kaze Tachinu. This study used Searle's (1979) theory of directive speech acts and employed a descriptive-qualitative method. It also utilized sociopragmatic approach as an additional perspective in the analysis. The result shows that various forms of directive utterances are spoken by characters who have higher social status towards the others from the lower ones. In total, there are 48 directive utterances found for both direct and indirect categories. Meirei (command) dominates with 40 utterances and is followed by irai (request) kinshi (prohibition), kanyuu (invitation) and adobaisu(advice), each of which has two utterances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our society has the habit of writing about exemplars after they are no longer with us; this is certainly important and beneficial but misses the opportunity to engage them in a personal reflection on their lives and the contributions/lessons they most want to share. This essay is intended to address this common oversight by sharing the marvelous 61‐year career of Charles Goodsell, by first recounting his still active professional journey and closing with his own personal advice to academics, practitioners, and students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine whether and why subsidiary-unit managers' prior international work experiences across multinational enterprises' (MNEs) home and host countries impact their subsidiary-unit performance, considering the mediating effect of their advice networks. Design/methodology/approach: A survey on 222 subsidiary-unit managers (154 parent country nationals [PCNs] and 68 host country nationals [HCNs]) of a Korean MNE operating in China, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, Hungary and Slovakia was conducted. The authors analyzed the data using partial least square structural equation modeling, multigroup analysis and bootstrapping techniques. Findings: PCN subsidiary managers with more prior international work experience manage better-performing units due to the strength of the manager's advice networks across local parties. However, for HCN subsidiary managers, this study did not find such mediating roles of the size and strength of their advice networks in the MNE home country. Originality/value: This study provides novel insights and empirical evidence about the effect of the length of prior international work experience of subsidiary managers on their advice-seeking networks and subsidiary-unit performance. In addition, it draws on and add to social capital theory about how international work experience impacts dealing with local businesses and the relationship with corporate headquarters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective communication is at the heart of good teaching, and one of the central tenets of effective communication is to know your audience. What often gets less attention is the need for good teachers to know themselves and consider how they are the same, or different from, their students. To build supportive relationships with students, instructors must be aware of the beliefs and assumptions they carry into the classroom because those beliefs inevitably influence virtually every pedagogical choice that instructors make. The author of this article provides advice and resources for new instructors to interrogate the beliefs they hold about their students, about teaching, and about their own identity as an economics instructor, and includes discussion of how these beliefs may manifest in pedagogical choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching a course in economics for the first time can be a daunting task, whether the instructor is a graduate student or a new faculty member in their first post-PhD years. In gauging what advice is considered most vital from among the plethora of potential sources, the authors surveyed seasoned economics instructors, asking respondents to distill their advice into what they could provide within a five-minute time constraint. Their responses were then processed with a mix of human perception and machine-based natural language processing. In this manner, they gained an understanding of what seems to matter the most when starting out in the economics classroom and thus provide usable insights for economic educators on both the giving and receiving end of the guidance process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study is carried out to evaluate how well legal knowledge can be demonstrated by a built environment professional via the scenario-based approach to the learning of law modules. Design/methodology/approach: A Delphi analysis of the advice provided by an MSC quantity surveying student, on a scenario-based legal problem arising due to a property contract, is carried out. The tendered legal advice was submitted as part of the assessment requirements for an MSc law module, following the university criteria, after the teaching of a law module. The student report, which attained an A-grade, and the assessment criteria used for marking/grading by the university were subsequently sent to 18 practicing lawyers, who were selected to constitute an expert panel, to independently judge the extent of legal knowledge demonstrated in the student report. Findings: The Delphi analysis outcome showed that the expert panel holds a similar consensus view to the university on the level of legal knowledge demonstrated and by extension the effectiveness of the law module in imparting legal knowledge to a non-lawyer. The study outcome shows how well legal knowledge can be acquired and applied by a non-lawyer, within the context of the built environment, via scenario-based teaching of a law module. Originality/value: This study serves as a preliminary step necessary to arouse further research toward empirically profiling the current outlook of a wider range of graduating students receiving scenario-based legal education in the built environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During ecological decisions, such as when foraging for food or selecting a weekend activity, we often have to balance the costs and benefits of exploiting known options versus exploring novel ones. Here, we ask how individuals address such cost-benefit tradeoffs during tasks in which we can either explore by ourselves or seek external advice from an oracle (e.g., a domain expert or recommendation system). To answer this question, we designed two studies in which participants chose between inquiring (at a cost) for expert advice from an oracle, or to search for options without guidance, under manipulations affecting the optimal choice. We found that participants showed a greater propensity to seek expert advice when it was instrumental to increase payoff (study A), and when it reduced choice uncertainty, above and beyond payoff maximization (study B). This latter result was especially apparent in participants with greater trait-level intolerance of uncertainty. Taken together, these results suggest that we seek expert advice for both economic goals (i.e., payoff maximization) and epistemic goals (i.e., uncertainty minimization) and that our decisions to ask or not ask for advice are sensitive to cost-benefit tradeoffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With ubiquitous computing, problems can be solved using more strategies than ever, though many strategies feature subpar performance. Here, we explored whether and how simple advice regarding when to use which strategy can improve performance. Specifically, we presented unfamiliar alphanumeric equations (e.g., A + 5 = F) and asked whether counting up the alphabet from the left letter by the indicated number resulted in the right letter. In an initial choice block, participants could engage in one of three cognitive strategies: (a) internal counting, (b) internal retrieval of previously generated solutions, or (c) computer-mediated external retrieval of solutions. Participants belonged to one of two groups: they were either instructed to first try internal retrieval before using external retrieval, or received no specific use instructions. In a subsequent internal block with identical instructions for both groups, external retrieval was made unavailable. The 'try internal retrieval first' instruction in the choice block led to pronounced benefits (d =.76) in the internal block. Benefits were due to facilitated creation and retrieval of internal memory traces and possibly also due to improved strategy choice. These results showcase how simple strategy advice can greatly help users navigate cognitive environments. More generally, our results also imply that uninformed use of external tools (i.e., technology) can bear the risk of not developing and using even more superior internal processing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

794 The article addresses the issue that is widely discussed in Germany and other jurisdictions: can the management of a company use AI applications in its decision-making process without violating its fiduciary duties? The lack of transparency in conventional AI applications conflicts with the fiduciary duty to check the plausibility of external expert advice (in Germany known as the ISION principles). This tension can be partly resolved by using explainable AI (XAI). In this work, we review the basic principles of machine learning and XAI and discuss them in the legal context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ChatGPT is a high-performance large language model that has the potential to significantly improve human-computer interactions. It can provide advice on a range of topics, but it is unclear how good this advice is relative to that provided by competent humans, especially in situations where empathy is required. Here, we report the first investigation of whether ChatGPT’s responses are perceived as better than those of humans in a task where humans were attempting to be empathetic. Fifty social dilemma questions were randomly selected from 10 well-known advice columns. In a pre-registered survey, participants (N  =  404) were each shown one question, along with the corresponding response by an advice columnist and by Chat GPT. Chat GPT’s advice was perceived as more balanced, complete, empathetic, helpful, and better than the advice provided by professional advice columnists (all values of p  <  0.001). Although participants could not determine which response was written by Chat GPT (54%, p  =  0.29), most participants preferred that their own social dilemma questions be answered by a human than by a computer (77%, p  <  0.001). Chat GPT’s responses were longer than those produced by the advice columnists (mean 280.9 words vs. 142.2 words, p  <  0.001). In a second pre-registered survey, each Chat GPT answer was constrained to be approximately the same length as that of the advice columnist (mean 143.2 vs. 142.2 words, p  =  0.95). This survey (N  =  401) replicated the above findings, showing that the benefit of Chat GPT was not solely due to it writing longer answers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To inform strategies aimed at improving blood pressure (BP) control and reducing salt intake, we assessed educational inequalities in high blood pressure (HBP) awareness, treatment and control; physician's advice on salt reduction; and salt knowledge, perceptions and consumption behaviours in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Design: Data were collected in cross-sectional, population-based nationally representative surveys, using a multi-stage clustered sampling design. Five HBP awareness, treatment and control categories were created from measured BP and hypertension medication use. Education and other variables were self-reported. Weighted multinomial mixed-effects regression models, adjusted for confounders, were used to assess differences across education categories. Settings: Nine Eastern European and Central Asian countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkey and Uzbekistan). Participants: Nationally representative samples of 30 455 adults aged 25–65 years. Results: HBP awareness, treatment and control varied substantially by education. The coverage of physician's advice on salt was less frequent among participants with lower education, and those with untreated HBP or unaware of their HBP. The education gradient was evident in salt knowledge and perceptions of salt intake but not in salt consumption behaviours. Improved salt knowledge and perceptions were more prevalent among participants who received physician's advice on salt reduction. Conclusions: There is a strong education gradient in HBP awareness, treatment and control as well as salt knowledge and perceived intake. Enhancements in public and patient knowledge and awareness of HBP and its risk factors targeting socio-economically disadvantaged groups are urgently needed to alleviate the growing HBP burden in low- and middle-income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The earliest culinary recipes written in the English language, or in England, are contained in the three main Old English medical collections, now known as Bald's Leechbook, Leechbook III and the Lacnunga, dating from the tenth, or possibly late ninth, to eleventh centuries. These recipes reveal contemporary ideas about the suitability of various foods for people experiencing various conditions, but not for a generalised 'healthy diet', nor indeed for the diet of the population at large in England at the time. They form part of a fairly substantial body of dietary advice, drawing quite heavily on a Latin tradition that was common to most of Western Europe, which betrays clear traces of humoral theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The individualized education program (IEP) process can be difficult for many parents of children with disabilities to navigate. Analyzing qualitative data from a national, web-based survey, this study examined parent experiences during IEP meetings, as well as advice parents have for other families participating in the IEP process. Participants included 803 parents of school-aged students with disabilities who had a current IEP from across the U.S. Results indicated that parent experiences during IEP meetings varied; however, over half of respondents described negative experiences. Further, parents offered advice for others participating in IEP meetings regarding preparedness, support, advocacy, the potential for negative meetings, being a team member, and strategies and tips for successful parent involvement in educational planning. Implications for practice and policy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leader election is one of the fundamental problems in distributed computing: a single node, called the leader, must be specified. This task can be formulated either in a weak way, where one node outputs leader and all other nodes output non-leader, or in a strong way, where all nodes must also learn which node is the leader. If the nodes of the network have distinct identifiers, then such an agreement means that all nodes have to output the identifier of the elected leader. For anonymous networks, the strong version of leader election requires that all nodes must be able to find a path to the leader, as this is the only way to identify it. In this paper, we study variants of deterministic leader election in arbitrary anonymous networks. Leader election is impossible in some anonymous networks, regardless of the allocated amount of time, even if nodes know the entire map of the network. This is due to possible symmetries in the network. However, even in networks in which it is possible to elect a leader knowing the map, the task may be still impossible without any initial knowledge, regardless of the allocated time. On the other hand, for any network in which leader election (weak or strong) is possible knowing the map, there is a minimum time, called the election index, in which this can be done. We consider four formulations of leader election discussed in the literature in the context of anonymous networks: one is the weak formulation, and the three others specify three different ways of finding the path to the leader in the strong formulation. Our aim is to compare the amount of initial information needed to accomplish each of these "four shades" of leader election in minimum time. Following the framework of algorithms with advice, this information (a single binary string) is provided to all nodes at the start by an oracle knowing the entire network. The length of this string is called the size of advice. We show that the size of advice required to accomplish leader election in the weak formulation in minimum time is exponentially smaller than that needed for any of the strong formulations. Thus, if the required amount of advice is used as a measure of the difficulty of the task, the weakest version of leader election in minimum time is drastically easier than any version of the strong formulation in minimum time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We study whether receiving advice improves decisions in job search problems. • Advisors recommend a reservation wage and leave a text message to their advisees. • Advisors choose a low reservation wage compared to optimal choice. • When asked for general advice, they recommend an even lower reservation wage. • This downward bias is eliminated when advice is for the starting search period. We study experimentally whether receiving advice from an experienced decision-maker improves decisions in an infinite-horizon search task where individuals typically choose a lower reservation wage than the optimal value. In the experiment, advisors complete 10 rounds of search and leave advice to their advisees who also complete 10 rounds of search after seeing the advice. We find that advisors tend to recommend a smaller reservation wage than their own lower than optimal choices. They formulate recommendation based on their reservation wage choice in the period when they accepted an offer, which is typically their lowest reservation wage choice over the search spell. Advisees follow this recommendation and choose a reservation wage that is further away from the optimal value leading to significant treatment differences between the advisors and advisees. Eliciting advice specifically for the starting period of the search round does not result in such negative effect of advice. Overall, we find that receiving advice does not facilitate the optimal choice in the search task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Examine (1) the extent to which humans can accurately estimate automation reliability and calibrate to changes in reliability, and how this is impacted by the recent accuracy of automation; and (2) factors that impact the acceptance of automated advice, including true automation reliability, reliability perception, and the difference between an operator's perception of automation reliability and perception of their own reliability. Background: Existing evidence suggests humans can adapt to changes in automation reliability but generally underestimate reliability. Cognitive science indicates that humans heavily weight evidence from more recent experiences. Method: Participants monitored the behavior of maritime vessels (contacts) in order to classify them, and then received advice from automation regarding classification. Participants were assigned to either an initially high (90%) or low (60%) automation reliability condition. After some time, reliability switched to 75% in both conditions. Results: Participants initially underestimated automation reliability. After the change in true reliability, estimates in both conditions moved towards the common true reliability, but did not reach it. There were recency effects, with lower future reliability estimates immediately following incorrect automation advice. With lower initial reliability, automation acceptance rates tracked true reliability more closely than perceived reliability. A positive difference between participant assessments of the reliability of automation and their own reliability predicted greater automation acceptance. Conclusion: Humans underestimate the reliability of automation, and we have demonstrated several critical factors that impact the perception of automation reliability and automation use. Application: The findings have potential implications for training and adaptive human-automation teaming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the high prevalence of sleep disorders (e.g. insomnia) among long-COVID-19 patients (LC19Ps), approaches to tackle these disorders should not only depend on sleep specialists, but they should also involve general practitioners (GPs). Indeed, according to the World Health Organization, GPs should be on the front line in the management of LC19Ps. However, in real practice, little data with regard to the management of LC19Ps are available for GPs, which represents an embarrassing situation. Thus, the main aim of this correspondence was to provide GPs with some advice related to the management of sleep disorders in LC19Ps. The pieces advice presented in this correspondence are related to: i) Early and accurate recognition of sleep disorders, ii) General recommendations to manage sleep disorders in LC19Ps (e.g. encouraging vaccination against the virus); and iii) Specific recommendations, such as improving sleep hygiene (patients' behavior and diet), psychological or behavioral therapies (stimulus control therapy, relaxation, sleep restriction), promising tools (heart coherence, neurofeedback), and pharmacological treatment. The authors of this correspondence deeply believe that given the undesirable side effects associated with the use of hypnotics, the pharmacological approach must only be a "last resort". The authors believe that an important percentage of pharmacological prescriptions could be avoided if more focus is put on educating GPs to provide LC19Ps with more tools to deal with sleep disorders. The pieces advice presented in this correspondence are indispensable to resume the normal life of LC19Ps and to promote their mental health recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

* OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of adding pain science or ergonomics messages to guideline advice on feelings of reassurance and management intentions among people with acute low back pain (LBP). * DESIGN: Three-arm parallel-group randomized experiment. * METHODS: We recruited people with acute LBP (pain for ≤6 weeks) to participate in an online experiment. Participants were randomized at a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three groups: guideline advice alone or guideline advice with the addition of brief pain science or ergonomics messages. The intervention was delivered via prerecorded videos in all 3 groups. Coprimary outcomes were reassurance that (1) no serious condition is causing LBP and (2) continuing with daily activities is safe. Secondary outcomes were perceived risk of developing chronic pain, management intentions (bed rest, see a health professional, see a specialist, and imaging), credibility, and relevance of the advice in addressing the participant's concerns. * RESULTS: Two thousand two hundred ninety-seven responses (99.3% of 2,313 randomized) were analyzed. Adding brief pain science or ergonomics messages to guideline advice did not change reassurance that LBP was not caused by serious disease. The addition of ergonomics advice provided worse reassurance that it is safe to continue with daily activities compared to guideline advice (mean difference [MD], -0.33; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.53). There was no difference between groups on management intentions. * CONCLUSION: Adding pain science or ergonomics messages to guideline advice did not increase reassurance or change management intentions in people with acute LBP. Ergonomics messages may lead to reduced feelings of reassurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposed an SCA advice system. It is an ontology-based recommender that provides advice on appropriate computer curricula based on the behavior of high school students. The three computer curricula at Chiang Mai Rajabhat University include computer science (CS), information technology (IT), and web programming and security (WEB). This study aims to design the ontology framework for an SCA advice system. The system considers three core ontologies: student, computer-curriculum, and advice. After analyzing student behaviors, the behavior types of CS, IT, and WEB were determined to be SB-2, SB-1, and SB-5, respectively. All subjects in these three curricula were analyzed and grouped into seven groups. Their curricula were synthesized in terms of basic skills, basic knowledge, and characteristics. Finally, advice results can be obtained by consolidating the curriculum nature of the CS, IT, and WEB curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Riwayat: Educational Journal of History & Humanities is the property of Riwayat: Educational Journal of History & Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Expert advice is presumed to be more valuable, but, when the expert has a conflict of interest, overcoming that conflict is difficult. We examine the performance of acquirers who hire an adviser that employs an expert—a star analyst—who covers the target and show that such "star-crossed" acquirers fare worse than other acquirers along multiple dimensions, including lower announcement returns and higher subsequent goodwill impairments. We consider various explanations for these outcomes, and the evidence strongly points toward star-crossed acquirers being unable to mitigate their advisers' conflict of interest. Surprisingly, our analysis suggests that star-crossed managers are uninformed ex-ante about the low quality of the deals. Finally, we posit that a star-crossed adviser's advantage increases with the opacity of the target firm's accounting. Consistent with this, we find that, in star-crossed deals only, acquirer announcement returns decrease with target opacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research explores online advice to parents for managing children's Internet and social media use to understand what courses of action are recommended for parents. Background: Parents often play a protectionist role in parenting, including trying to limit their children's Internet use to reduce harms. However, little is known about the advice parents are provided about how to make these decisions. Methods: We conducted a content analysis of 73 websites offering advice to parents on guiding their children's Internet use. These websites are sponsored by professional associations as well as magazines, blogs, and others. Results: Privacy, monitoring, limiting use, parent–child communication, and safety were the most common topic areas. We find that sites emphasize the risks of being online roughly twice as often as the opportunities. Only approximately two fifths of the websites addressed the permanence of online sharing or how this may impact future college admissions or employment opportunities. Conclusion: Advice given to parents focuses on protecting children (privacy, safety, monitoring) much more than teaching children how to navigate social media platforms for their benefit. Implications: Given the proliferation of social media and the Internet and how online behavior affects opportunities, it is increasingly important to understand what guidance parents are provided to teach children how to develop digital cultural capital in a technologically advanced world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I offer a theory of advice. The theory has two parts: an account of the nature of advice, and an account of the quality of advice. In Sect. 2 I defend this definition: Advice: P advises R to X iff P communicates about X-ing to R in a manner that intentionally presents X-ing as worth reasoning to by R. In Sect. 4, I defend a tripartite account of the quality of advice: the standards relevant to whether advice is good concern rational agency in general, the advisee’s particular situation, and the topic of the advice. These accounts of the nature and quality of advice are superior to extant alternatives on the basis of both descriptive adequacy and absurdity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial advice is perceived to be inaccessible and complicated with consumers at the mercy of a sector under sustained scrutiny, raising questions about value for clients. This study systematically reviews the literature on the value of financial advice. Extant research focuses on financial benefits and lacks a holistic view of value and the factors impacting it. Gaps exist across non‐financial benefits, geographic regions and over time. We call for a sustained and coordinated approach to research in this field. The findings inform consumer engagement strategies, policies concerning the uptake of professional financial advice and development of the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Evaluate benefits and harms of education/advice for chronic primary low back pain (CPLBP) in adults to inform a World Health Organization (WHO) standard clinical guideline. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing education/advice compared with placebo/sham, usual care, or no intervention (including comparison interventions where the attributable effect of education/advice could be isolated). We conducted meta-analyses and graded the certainty of evidence. Results: We screened 2514 citations and 86 full text RCTs and included 15 RCTs. Most outcomes were assessed 3 to 6 months post-intervention. Compared with no intervention, education/advice improved pain (10 RCTs, MD = -1.1, 95% CI -1.63 to -0.56), function (10 RCTs, SMD = -0.51, 95% CI -0.89 to -0.12), physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (2 RCTs, MD = 24.27, 95% CI 12.93 to 35.61), fear avoidance (5 RCTs, SMD = -1.4, 95% CI -2.51 to -0.29), depression (1 RCT; MD = 2.10, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.15), and self-efficacy (1 RCT; MD = 4.4, 95% CI 2.77 to 6.03). Education/advice conferred less benefit than sham Kinesio taping for improving fear avoidance regarding physical activity (1 RCT, MD = 5.41, 95% CI 0.28 to 10.54). Compared with usual care, education/advice improved pain (1 RCT, MD = -2.10, 95% CI -3.13 to -1.07) and function (1 RCT, MD = -7.80, 95% CI -14.28 to -1.32). There was little or no difference between education/advice and comparisons for other outcomes. For all outcomes, the certainty of evidence was very low. Conclusion: Education/advice in adults with CPLBP was associated with improvements in pain, function, HRQoL, and psychological outcomes, but with very low certainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]