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Indonesian Islamic Banking Act requires conventional banks to spin-off their Islamic business units if they had fulfilled the spin-off criteria. Some of the Islamic business units had done the spin-off process although they are not fulfilling the spin-off criteria. The data showed that there is an efficiency decline after the spun-off. This study is going to examine the spin-off’s impact on the efficiency in spin-off banks. The method used in this paper is a difference-in-differences analysis. The sample used is four spin’s banks as treatment objects and two Islamic full-pledge banks as control objects. This research shows that there is an impact of spin-off policy on the efficiency in spin-off banks. There is an efficiency decrease in spin-off banks after the activities. It implies that the spin-off policy is not the only strategy that can be implemented. The policy-makers can choose other strategies to enhance the development of Islamic banking industry.

Biotechnology includes topic about gene and nuclear cloning is a very challenging subject to study at high school. Without proper Media aid, misconception will more likely to occur among students. The use of Inquiry-based Interactive Multimedia was expected to reduce the misconception about cloning process since it is visualized more clearly. This study was aimed to measure slope misconception of student and to analyze the application of Inquiry-based Interactive Multimedia to minimize student misconception on Biotechnology subject. The research was conducted at MAN 8 Jakarta on May 2012 using a quasi experimental method and pretest-posttest control group design. A total of 40 science students were taken equally from IPA 1 and IPA 2 classes at grade 10 to become experimental and control groups. They were selected by simple random sampling. A test of multiple choice questions with five alternative answers was used as the study instrument. To detect for any misconception, the test result was measured by Certainty of Response Index (CRI). Using this technique, there were 8 % misconception found on the pre-test and 7% on the post-test. As the conclusion, the use of Inquiry-based Interactive Multimedia was effective to minimize student misconception on Biotechnology subject.

Background: Designated roles of first-line nurse managers (FLNMs) are very complex, this study aimed to develop a deeper understanding of their meaningful lived experiences. Materials and Methods: This study employed a phenomenological study using semi-structured interviews with FLNMs (n = 7) at the General Hospital of Belitung, Indonesia. The data analysis was thematic. Results: Four major themes were identified from the analysis of textual data: Feeling extraordinary, the inability to do, desire to leave the unit, and influenced by work motivation. The findings of this study revealed the positive and negative experiences of becoming FLNMs. The positive experiences were related to the feeling challenged and extraordinary to deal with many roles in management and leadership. The negative experiences included personal conflict related to the desire to leave the unit, and feeling unable to manage. However, the works of FLNMs were influenced by internal and external motivation. Conclusions: This study better informs nurse executives to develop competence and performance of FLNMs, and keep their motivation by revising performance appraisal system.

The learning process in schools hasn’t been able to cultivate the habit of thinking in high levels, one of which is creative thinking. This skill can be improved by the-teaching-with-analogies model. The research aimed to know the effect of the teaching-with-analogies model application to students creative thinking. This research was done at Labschool Jakarta Junior High School on May 2014. Samples in the research were VII A, VII B, VII E and VII F with purposive sampling. Samples were decided by simple random sampling, which had 30 students from each class. The methods used quasi experiment with posttest-only control design. Based on calculation, the average score of student in experiment class was 80 and the average score of student in control class was 72. Normality test was tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and homogenity test was tested by F-test. Based on calculation, the data from experiment were normally distributed and homogeny. This research showed that implementation of the-teaching-withanalogies model has affected to creative thinking skills of student on junior high school.

Sumatran tiger are one of the potential biodiversity populations which continue to decline. One of the few causes of this can occur because of human activities and actions unfavorable to the environment. Therefore, people need to have an attitude of conservation of Sumatran tiger. One of the factors that influence the attitude is knowledge. The study aims to determine the correlation between knowledge with the attitude of the Sumatran tiger conservation. The research was conducted in the village of Batu busuk, West Sumatra in May 2016. The method used was survey method with correlational studies. Data was normally distributed and homogeneous. The simple regression equation is Ŷ = 110,936 + 0.414X. Correlation coefficient obtained is 0,14 which means that there is a correlation between knowledge and towards Sumatran tiger conservation. Knowledge of Sumatran tiger conservation accounted for 1,92% of the behavior towards Sumatran tiger conservation. The result of this study concluded that there was positive correlation between knowledge and attitude of Sumatran tiger conservation.

This study found the influence of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the amount of profit sharing and the number of offices to the number of muḍārabah deposits of Islamic banks in Indonesia. The data used in this research is quarterly data from 2011-2015 period. The method of analysis used in this research is Data Panel Regression Analysis by using computer program Eviews version 9.0 and Microsoft Excel 2010. The results in this study indicate that partially Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the amount of profit sharing and the number of offices have a significant influence on the amount Muḍārabah deposits. This result is evidenced by a significant value of 0.0000 that is smaller than 0.05 and has a positive direction. So the greater of GDP, number of profit sharing and the number of offices, the greater number of muḍārabah deposits of Islamic banks in Indonesia. Penelitian ini menemukan adanya pengaruh Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), jumlah bagi hasil dan jumlah kantor terhadap jumlah deposito muḍārabah bank syariah di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data triwulan periode 2011-2015. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Analisis Regresi Data Panel dengan menggunakan program komputer Eviews versi9.0 dan Microsoft Excel 2010. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), jumlah bagi hasil dan jumlah kantor memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap jumlah deposito muḍārabah. Hasil ini dibuktikan dengan nilai signifikan sebesar 0.0000 yaitu lebih kecil dari 0.05 dan memiliki arah positif. Sehingga semakin besar PDB, jumlah bagi hasil dan jumlah kantor, maka semakin besar pula jumlah deposito muḍārabah bank syariah di Indonesia.

Research into cultural heritage which implements augmented reality technology is limited. Most recent research on cultural heritage are limited on storing data and information in the form of databases, this creates a disadvantage for people who wants to see and feel at the same moment on actual cultural heritage objects. This paper, proposes a solution which could merge the existing cultural object with people using augmented reality technology. This technology would preserve traditional instrument in the form of 3D object which can be digitally protected. The result showed that the use of augmented reality on preserving cultural heritage would benefit people who try to protect their culture.

Rumah merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok dalam kehidupan manusia. Sebuah rumah harus menyediakan rasa aman bagi pemiliknya. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, sistem keamanan rumah hanya menggunakan sensor tunggal yang dipasang pada pintu dan jendela. Akan tetapi, sistem tersebut menunjukkan kelemahan karena terbatasnya jangkauan deteksi sensor. Oleh karena itu, untuk memperbaiki teknology tersebut, akan diembangkan suatu sistem keamanan rumah berbasis mikrokontroler menggunakan model sistem pengembangan Prototype dan multisensor. Komponen elektronik terdiri dari sebuah sensor magnetik, sensor gerak, dan komponen pendukung lain sebagai pelengkap. Sistem tersebut akan dilengkapi juga dengan layanan SMS sebagai alat pemberitahuan kepada pemilik rumah. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sensor berfungsi dengan baik. Sensor PIR dapat mendeteksi gerakan dengan jarak terjauh 5,5 m dan 2 cm untuk normally open pada sensor magnetic switch. Uji coba membuktikkan bahwa SMS berhasil terkirim pada nomor telepon tujuan ketika sensor mendeteksi adanya pergerakan. Sedangkan jarak terjauh dimana remote tetap dapat mengkontrol sistem adalah 18 m. Kata Kunci: sistem keamanan rumah, Arduino, mikrokontroler, SMS.

Aluminum and their alloys have been applied in many industrial sectors. Although it shows a good corrosion properties, however welding process of aluminum still a challenge as it covered by oxide layer on the surface. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) technology gives a potential chance to be used for joining process of aluminum. In this study, we use a vertical milling machine Milko-12 that has been utilized with indentor of FSW process for Aluminum 1100-H18 at 4 (four) different rotation speed (Rt), i.e.: 352, 490, 653, and 910 rpm and constant transversal speed (V) 20mm/minutes. Based on mechanical properties and metallography data of welded materials, the higher the Rt the higher the tensile strength. Rt of 653 rpm results the highest tensile strength of 107 MPa. The crack areas of all welded metals are at base metal (BM) concluded that our vertical milling machine Milko-12 can be utilized for friction stir welding (FSW) process for Aluminum.

Preparing the preacher and Imam of the mosque with special qualification is supposed to be an important duty. Because promoting to perform worship to Allah and guiding people in the right way is an honourable work. The process of promoting, furthermore, should be in accordance with the path Prophet PBUH paved in. This article demonstrates the reason why preacher and Imam should have good qualifications and competencies and what fields they should be experts on those. In addition, the writer viewed that preacher and Imam have to meet the requirement of a number of knowledge in Islam and skills of leadership as they will live in society and solve their problems.

Introduction: Social problems that have occurred have been successfully adopted by the development media that can be used as victims or perpetrators of crime through social media. The many negative impacts of using social media to make children, build the Omah Bocah community in the Koang area of Jetis District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta with the aim of minimizing the use of social media. The importance of integrating the community in the context of social issues so that it can be used to analyze the community in minimizing the use of social media use in children through Omah Bocah in Koang, Jetis District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. Method: qualitative research with an observational descriptive design. Using interview and observation methods. The research subjects consisted of eleven people consisting of one of the founders of Omah Bocah, two Omah Bocah administrators, three children of Omah Bocah users, two community leaders and three communities. Data collection tools are interview guides, observation guides, handphones and stationery. Results: Omah Bocah is a community that aims to minimize the impact of using social media. The history and strategy of the establishment of Omah Bocah with the role of community participation have included determining strategic locations and easy access. socialization of the delivery of vision and mission. Community empowerment and community self-reliance according to ability. Participation is seen from participation in planning, implementation, monitoring evaluation and utilization has been running well to include all levels of society with their respective roles. Obstacles from the implementation of Omah Bocah in the form of awareness from their children and also the ability to procure materials by the Omah Bocah management.

The objective of research was to find out the effect of marketing mix, brand image, and service quality on customer loyalty in Fatmawati Branch of Bank BNI Syariah. Data employed in this research was primary one; data collection was carried out using questionnaire distributed directly with random sampling method; the object of research was customers of Bank BNI Syariah. This research was expected to contribute to the bank, particularly Fatmawati Branch of Bank BNI Syariah, in order to give good service to their customers. The result of research showed that marketing mix, brand image, and service quality affected positively and significantly the customer loyalty in Fatmawati Branch of Bank BNI Syariah either partially or simultaneously.

Pengaruh Ekstrak Kulit Manggis (Garcinia Mangostana L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Vibrio cholera. Latar Belakang : Vibrio cholerae merupakan bakteri penyebab penyakit kolera pada manusia. Pada Kabupaten Rejang Lebong Bengkulu penderita diare (termasuk dugaan kolera) mencapai 6460 pada tahun 2009 dan 5747 pada tahun 2010. Pada beberapa daerah endemik dilaporkan telah terjadi resistensi bakteri Vibrio cholerae terhadap antibiotik. Kulit manggis mengandung zat aktif antibakteri yang terdiri dari alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, dan xanton yang diduga dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan bakteri Vibrio cholerae dengan cara mengganggu dinding sel dan membran sitoplasma pada bakteri. Tujuan : Membuktikan ekstrak kulit manggis dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan bakteri Vibrio cholerae. Metode Penelitian : True experiment post test only control dengan menggunakan metode dilusi tabung dengan konsentrasi ekstrak kulit manggis 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%, 1,56%, 0,78%, 0,39%, 0,195%, 0,097%, 0,048%, 0,024%, 0,012%, dan 0,006%. Analisis data menggunakan Uji Oneway ANOVA, uji korelasi Pearson, dan uji regresi linier. Hasil : Kadar Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Kadar Bunuh Minimal (KBM) didapatkan pada konsentrasi 0,78%. Hasil analisis Oneway ANOVA p=0,000 (p

The research problem is slow learners at Program Pendidikan Berkebutuhan Khusus Politeknik Negeri Jakarta have difficulty in understanding the Indonesian teaching materials, especially in combining the two ideas. These difficulties have an impact on the ability of their writing and speaking skills are low. They cannot make the final project using the correct Indonesian. On the other hand, they are students of diploma 3 that according to KKNI standard that graduation of diploma 3 must have the qualification level 5. Students are slow learner students who have intellectual 65--90, according to Weschler scale. This problem must be found solutions by conducting development of Indonesian learning model based rationality. That rationality model is based on SCREAM by Mangunsong (2009) that the structure, clarity, repetition, anthusiasm, and maximized engagement can make a slow learner students better understand the material, while the research conducted by development research. Research results are Indonesia learning based rationality can be done by (i) based on the structure, (ii) attention law of exercise), (iii) attantion of law of proximity), (iv) attantion law of pleasure), (v) giving repetition, (vi) giving stressing), and proving fun learning.

Development of land use in public facilities such as shopping center and school gives an impact on transportation problem in Manado City, North Sulawesi. To determine factors which have causal relationship with congestion as a result of school and shopping center activity then it need to be assessed and studied. Descriptive study with observational survey was used in this study. The study ran Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) by using AMOS program. Estimated method was used to calculate sample size then found 300 repondents, comprised : visitors and mall managers, school visitors, parents, school managers, Public Works department, and urban planning department .The study yielded a statistically significant correlation between school and shopping center activity with congestion s. The result indicated that school activity was positively related to congestion with p value at p=0,000 (p ≤ 0,05). Shopping center activity was positively related to congestion with p value at p=0,000 (p ≤ 0,05). The closer proximity from school to shooping center will causes severe traffic congestion. The relationship between school facility with proximity was found in p value at p=0,000 (p ≤ 0,05) . The relationship between shopping center facility with proximity was found in p value at p= 0,020 (p ≤ 0,05). While, the relationship between proximity with congestion was p= 0,008 (p ≤ 0,05). Monastery school and Mega Mall activity were affecting congestion because a closer proximity of two facilities. This indicates that the occurence of traffic congestion in Monastery School may be dependent on existence of Piere Tendean road link

Hubungan antara Inovasi Kepala Sekolah, Kelengkapan Sarana Prasarana Sekolah, Motivasi Kerja dengan Kinerja Guru SMA Abstract: This research aims to determine the relationship between the headmaster innovation (KS), the completeness of school infrastructure, and motivation to work with teacher performance. This study uses a quantitative approach design. The population of all the State High School teacher in Sumbawa Besar and sampling using proportionally. Analysis of the data using path analysis. The results of this study are: there is a direct relationship between the KS and teacher performance innovation, there is a direct relationship between innovation KS with work motivation of teachers, there is a direct relationship between the completeness of the infrastructure with the performance of teachers, there is a direct relationship between the completeness of the infrastructure work motivation of teachers, there is direct relationship between work motivation with teacher performance, there is a direct relationship between innovation KS, completeness school infrastructure, work motivation, teacher performance, there is no direct relationship between innovation KS, work motivation, teacher performance, there is no direct relationship between the completeness of the facilities school infrastructure, work motivation, with teacher performance. Key Words: innovation, principals, school infrastructure, work motivation, teacher performance Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara inovasi kepala sekolah (KS), kelengkapan sarana prasarana sekolah, dan motivasi kerja dengan kinerja guru. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasinya semua guru SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Sumbawa Besar dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik secara proporsional. Analisis data menggunakan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: terdapat hubungan langsung antara inovasi KS dengan kinerja guru, terdapat hubungan langsung antara inovasi KS dengan motivasi kerja guru, terdapat hubungan langsung antara kelengkapan sarana prasarana dengan kinerja guru, terdapat hubungan langsung antara kelengkapan sarana prasarana dengan motivasi kerja guru, terdapat hubungan langsung antara motivasi kerja dengan kinerja guru, terdapat hubungan langsung antara inovasi KS, kelengkapan sarana prasarana sekolah, motivasi kerja, dengan kinerja guru, terdapat hubungan tidak langsung antara inovasi KS, motivasi kerja, dengan kinerja guru, terdapat hubungan tidak langsung antara kelengkapan sarana prasarana sekolah, motivasi kerja, dengan kinerja guru. Kata kunci: inovasi, kepala sekolah, sarana prasarana sekolah, motivasi kerja, kinerja guru

This article is aimed to describe the results of validation test and limited trials of interactive multimedia-based learning media in Indonesia language teaching wich is value of character education for grade V elementary school students in order to support the implementation of Curriculum 2013. This research is a research and development research with 4-D model. The data are sourced from three validators, namely the lecturer in Indonesian language education, information technology and communication, and character building, five students and one teacher of grade V SD. The results showed that the well-designed media used in the learning activities as evidenced by the average validation value is in the valid category, the average of practicality test from the student's responses is in very appropriate category, and the average from teacher responses is in the practical category. Keywords: development, learning media, interactive multimedia, character values.

Abstrak. Pengaruh Promosi, Kepercayaan dan Kesadaran Merek Terhadap Keputusan Nasabah Menggunakan Produk Tabungan Haji (Mabrur) Bank Syariah Mandiri KCP. Sawangan Kota Depok. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh promosi, kepercayaan dan kesadaran merek terhadap keputusan nasabah menggunakan produk tabungan haji (mabrur) studi kasus Bank Syariah Mandiri KCP. Sawangan Kota Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling dengan 100 responden yaitu nasabah yang menggunakan produk tabungan haji (mabrur). Data yang diolah dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Berdasarkan hasil, diperoleh persamaan regresi: 2.515 + 0.189X1 + 0.359X2 + 0.149X3 + e, berdasarkan analisis data statistik, indikator dalam penelitian ini valid dan variabel reliabel. Dalam uji asumsi klasik, tidak terjadi multikolinieritas dan heteroskedastisitas, serta data berdistribusi normal.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial dan simultan variabel kualitas promosi, kepercayaan dan kesadaran merek berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Kata Kunci: Promosi, Kepercayaan, Kesadaran Merek dan Keputusan Pembelian. Abstarct. Effect Promotion, Trust and Brand Awareness Decision On Savings Products Customers Using The Hajj (Mabrur) Bank Syariah Mandiri KCP. Sawangan Kota Depok. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of promotions, trust and brand awareness of the customer's decision to use a savings product Hajj (mabrur) case studies of Bank Syariah Mandiri KCP. Sawangan. This study using purposive sampling of 100 respondents, customers who use the product hajj savings (mabrur). The processed data in this study using multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results, regression equation: 2,515 + 0.189X1 + 0.359X2 + 0.149X3 + e, based on statistical data analysis, indicators in this study is valid and reliable variable. In the classical assumption, does not happen multikolinieritas and heteroskedastisitas, as well as the normal distribution of data. The results showed that partial and simultaneous sale of variable quality, trust and brand awareness significantly influence purchasing decisions. Keywords: Promotions, Trust, Brand Awareness and Purchase Decision.

Genetic algorithm and TSP are methods that can be solve optimization problem of route or path. This paper discusses the application of genetic algorithms and Traveling Salesman Problem modeling (TSP) to those problems. The process of genetic algorithm is the principle of natural selection to find the shortest route, while TSP is Optimization issues to find the shortest journey for traveling traders who want to visit several cities. In addition, this paper compares genetic algorithms with TSP in finding the shortest route. The shortest route search is performed on the ODP device (Optical distribution point) on the FTTH access network passed by the salesman. The results is an optimal routes using genetic algorithms at 4.46 km, on 38 generations of 50 generations. While in TSP modelling is obtained an optimal route at 4.45 km on the second experiment of the twelve experiments. This route will affect the performance of the data transmission process on the FTTH access network, when this network attenuation is less than 28 dB (based on International Telecommunication Union standard).  Keywords—  TSP, Genetic Algorithm, Optimization, FTTH.

Interdiffusion mechanism of catechin, catechutannic acid and quercetin are studied by using DFT-B method. But before conducting these experiment, we perform molecular dynamic simulations to find adsorption models probability of each compound. Two models adsorption of quarcetin, four models for catechin and three models for catechutannic acid have been obtained from molecular dynamic simulations. Quantum parameter of each compound, energy and properties adsorption models have been calculated and discussed. The theoretical results were found to be consistent with the experimental data reported. Futhermore, optimization adsorption model samples show that all of adsorbents have weak bonds on the surface of silver nanoparticles. The mechanism can be classified as strong physisorption, so that catechin, catechutannic acid and quercetin can be categorized as good capping agent in synthesis of silver nanoparticles.

Produksi ASI (Air Susu Ibu) dipengaruhi oleh kondisi psikologis ibu, yang ditunjang fasilitas yang bisa mempertemukan bayi dan ibu yaitu ruang menyusui. Hasil survey menunjukkan belum banyak fasilitas umum yang menyediakan ruang khusus menyusui yang ada kursi menyusi. Kursi menyusui yang ada saat ini belum menerapkan prinsip ergonomi dan anthropometri yang membuat ibu dan bayi kurang nyaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk merancang kursi pada ruang menyusui agar memberikan rasa nyaman pada ibu dan bayi saat menyusui. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode rasional dengan focus perancangan terstruktur berdasarkan costumer need. Sehingga input, penggunaan dan hasil dari rancangan ini adalah human center design. Kuesioner disebarkan kepada 36 responden yang kemudian dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas.data diolah dengan metode rasional dari tahap awal hingga tahap akhir maka diperoleh tujuan utama yaitu merancang kursi yang dapat memberikan rasa nyaman pada ibu menyusui, dengan alternative terpilih yaitu desain kursi untuk perorangan, memiliki sandaran, bentuk sandaran lurus,memiliki penyangga tangan, dan bahan kursi dari kayu solid berlapis busa.

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate reproduction of broodstock and intraspecific hybrid juvenile performance of Egyptian (M) and sangkuriang (S) strain African catfish Clarias gariepinus at nursery phase. Intraspecific hybridization of African catfish was carried out reciprocally (SM and MS) and purebreed (SS and MM), each was with three replicates. Fish spawning was conducted by artificial fertilization, and larvae were reared at 1st, 2nd and 3rd nursery phases, subsequently. The results showed that broodstock performance (male and female) of both strains were not significantly different (P>0.05) on all reproduction traits, except female’s gonadosomatic index. Fertilization and hatching rates of all hybrids were not significantly different (P>0.05). MM juvenile had higher growth performances than other juvenile hybrids. Heterosis of total length, standard length, and body weight were varied, whereas the survival showed positive heterosis. SM juvenile showed positive growth heterosis in 3rd nursery phase (total length, standard length, and body weight were 2.61%; 2.16%, and 4.79% respectively). Survival heterosis of MS juvenile (24.20% for total length; 103.13% for standard length and 11.62% body weight) was higher than SM juvenile (6.86%; 48.57%, and 3.09%) on all nursery phases Keywords: African catfish, intraspecific hybridization, growth, survival, heterosis ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji performa reproduksi induk dan benih hasil hibridisasi intraspesifik ikan lele Afrika Clarias gariepinus strain Sangkuriang (S) dan Mesir (M) pada fase pendederan. Hibridisasi intraspesifik ikan lele Afrika dilakukan secara resiprokal (SM dan MS) dan galur murni (SS dan MM) masing-masing dengan tiga ulangan. Pemijahan dilakukan secara buatan dan larva yang dihasilkan dipelihara pada fase pendederan pertama, kedua, dan ketiga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa performa induk ikan lele jantan dan betina pada kedua strain tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) pada seluruh parameter reproduksi, kecuali indeks gonadosomatik (GSI) pada induk betina. Derajat pembuahan dan penetasan telur pada seluruh persilangan tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Pertumbuhan benih persilangan MM lebih tinggi, dibandingkan benih hasil persilangan lain. Nilai heterosis panjang total, panjang standar, dan bobot tubuh yang dihasilkan pada setiap stadia pendederan bervariasi, sedangkan nilai heterosis kelangsungan hidup menunjukkan hasil seluruhnya positif dibandingkan rataan galur murni. Heterosis pertumbuhan benih persilangan SM pada pendederan ketiga menunjukkan hasil yang positif (2,61% untuk panjang total; 2,16% untuk panjang standar dan 4,79% untuk bobot tubuh). Nilai heterosis kelangsungan hidup benih persilangan MS (24,20% untuk panjang total; 103,13% untuk panjang standar dan 11,62% untuk bobot tubuh) lebih tinggi dibandingkan benih persilangan SM (6,86%, 48,57% dan 3,09%) pada setiap stadia pendederan. Kata kunci: ikan lele Afrika, hibridisasi intraspesifik, pertumbuhan, kelangsungan hidup, heterosis

Background Recurrent abdominal pain is common among adolescents. School absenteeism and lower quality of life are associated with severity of symptoms. Lansoprazole has been used to treat recurrent abdominal pain. Objective To investigate the effectiveness of lansoprazole as a treatment for recurrent abdominal pain in adolescents. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial from August 2009 to October 2009. Adolescents suffering recurrent abdominal pain were eligible for the study. Simple randomization was done to divide subjects into two groups. Groups received 30 mg of lansoprazole or placebo, once a day for 14 days. Before treatment, we performed laboratory and physical examinations. Pain frequency was measured in number of abdominal pain episodes per month. Duration was measured in minutes and pain intensity was measured by a pain rating scale. Drug efficacy was measured before, during and after intervention. Data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test and t-test. Results One hundred sixteen recurrent abdominal pain patients were randomized into two groups of 58 patients. There were no statistically significant differences in pain frequency before and after treatment for either the lansoprazole group or the placebo group (P=0.083, 95%CI, -0.033 to 0.021 and P=0.096, 95%CI -0.376 to 0.031, respectively). In addition, there were no significant differences in frequency, duration, and degree of abdominal pain at baseline and after 1, 2 and 3 months of treatment between the two groups. Conclusion Lansoprazole was not more effective than the placebo for treatment of recurrent abdominal pain among adolescents.

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk membangun model pemilihan moda angkutan penumpang antara pesawat terbang dan kapal cepat rute Palembang – Batam melalui pengetahuan atas preferensi pengguna jasa terhadap atribut perjalanan moda yang kemudian dimodelkan untuk memperoleh nilai utilitas dan probabilitas pemilihan masing-masing moda. Perumusan perilaku individu dalam memilih moda angkutan ke dalam model pemilihan moda dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan data SP (Stated Preference). Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 (lima) atribut perjalanan yang dianggap berpengaruh besar dalam perilaku pemilihan moda, yaitu biaya perjalanan, total waktu perjalanan, aksesibilitas menuju Bandara/Pelabuhan, frekuensi keberangkatan, dan tingkat pelayanan/fasilitas di dalam moda. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh persamaan selisih utilitas pesawat terbang dan kapal cepat sebagai berikut:

Large scale exploitation of Jatropha curcas for biofuel production is restrained by low productivity hence economically not protable. One of the main constraints is due to limited number of female owers in an inorescence which eventually develop into fruits that bear seed. Investigation on oral biology and reproductive potential of the species had been carried out, but seems to vary among sites. The research was conducted to study reproductive success and the compatibility among Indonesian Jatropha accessions. The research was set up in two experiments. The rst experiment was conducted at the Jatropha seed orchard, Pakuwon, Sukabumi, West Java from April to July 2007 using four-year- old trees of accessions from Lampung, Banten, West Java, and Central Java. The second experiment was conducted at Leuwikopo Experimental Station of Bogor Agricultural University from April to July 2008 using one-year-old trees of accessions from Lampung, Bengkulu, Palembang, and Kediri. Flowers were obtained from controlled self and cross-pollinated as well as left for open-pollination. The result showed that reproductive success varied among accessions; the greatest success was 0.73 obtained from aWest Java accession and the least was 0.53 from Banten accession. The Jatropha accessions were categorized as partially self-incompatible as indicated by index of self-incompatibility (ISI) that ranged 0.93- 0.99. Banten accession produced highly viable and vigorous seeds regardless of pollination methods; accessions of Central Java produced higher viability seeds when cross-pollinated within accession, whereas those from West Java and Lampung produced higher viability seeds when self-pollinated. Keywords: accessions, Jatropha curcas, selfpollination, self-incompatibility, seed viability

Introduction: Motivation to brushing teeth consists of intrinsic and extrinsic factor. Extrinsic factor is the most influence to chlid’s motivation. One of the extrinsic factor is toothpaste. The purpose of this study was to analyzed child’s motivation differences between using toothpaste and without toothpaste. Method: This applied descriptive comparative research was using single blind method, with a sample size of 62 preschool children at Sekeloa, ranged from 4 to 6 years old. sampling technique using total sampling. The variables in this study were child’s motivation and toothpaste. The tools and materials used in this study were motivation scale and tooth brushing activity sheets, informed consent, toothpaste, and toothbrushes.Result: The result shows that the highest motivational category on children who using toothpaste are 8 students (25,81%), while on children without toothpaste are 3 students (9,68%). Base on statistical analysis shows that a large motivational differences between children group using toothpaste and without toothpaste. Conclusion: There is a differences motivation between children that brush their teeth using toothpaste without toothpaste.

Large carnivores living in tropical rainforests are under immense pressure from the rapid conversion of their habitat. In response, millions of dollars are spent on conserving these species. However, the cost-effectiveness of such investments is poorly understood and this is largely because the requisite population estimates are difficult to achieve at appropriate spatial scales for these secretive species. Here, we apply a robust detection/non-detection sampling technique to produce the first reliable population metric (occupancy) for a critically endangered large carnivore; the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae). From 2007-2009, seven landscapes were surveyed through 13,511 km of transects in 394 grid cells (17×17 km). Tiger sign was detected in 206 cells, producing a naive estimate of 0.52. However, after controlling for an unequal detection probability (where p = 0.13±0.017; ±S.E.), the estimated tiger occupancy was 0.72±0.048. Whilst the Sumatra-wide survey results gives cause for optimism, a significant negative correlation between occupancy and recent deforestation was found. For example, the Northern Riau landscape had an average deforestation rate of 9.8%/yr and by far the lowest occupancy (0.33±0.055). Our results highlight the key tiger areas in need of protection and have led to one area (Leuser-Ulu Masen) being upgraded as a 'global priority' for wild tiger conservation. However, Sumatra has one of the highest global deforestation rates and the two largest tiger landscapes identified in this study will become highly fragmented if their respective proposed roads networks are approved. Thus, it is vital that the Indonesian government tackles these threats, e.g. through improved land-use planning, if it is to succeed in meeting its ambitious National Tiger Recovery Plan targets of doubling the number of Sumatran tigers by 2022.

Abstrak Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk membangun model pemilihan moda angkutan penumpang antara pesawat terbang dan kapal cepat rute Palembang "“ Batam melalui pengetahuan atas preferensi pengguna jasa terhadap atribut perjalanan moda yang kemudian dimodelkan untuk memperoleh nilai utilitas dan probabilitas pemilihan masing-masing moda. Perumusan perilaku individu dalam memilih moda angkutan ke dalam model pemilihan moda dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan data SP (Stated Preference). Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 (lima) atribut perjalanan yang dianggap berpengaruh besar dalam perilaku pemilihan moda, yaitu biaya perjalanan, total waktu perjalanan, aksesibilitas menuju Bandara/Pelabuhan, frekuensi keberangkatan, dan tingkat pelayanan/fasilitas di dalam moda. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh persamaan selisih utilitas pesawat terbang dan kapal cepat sebagai berikut: UPT "“ UKC = -6,727088 "“ 0,000010 X1 "“ 1,502469 X2 + 2,363855 X5 yang mana : UPT = utilitas pesawat terbang UKC = utilitas kapal cepat X1 = Selisih biaya perjalanan pesawat terbang dan kapal cepat X2 = Selisih total waktu perjalanan pesawat terbang dan kapal cepat X5 = Selisih tingkat pelayanan pesawat terbang dan kapal cepat Dan, probabilitas memilih masing-masing moda adalah : PKC = 1 / 1+exp (UPT "“U KC ) PPT = 1 - PKC yang mana : PPT = Probabilitas pemilihan pesawat terbang PKC = Probabilitas pemilihan kapal cepat Berdasarkan analisis sensitivitas, waktu perjalanan merupakan atribut yang paling sensitif mempengaruhi probabilitas pemilihan pesawat terbang dan kapal cepat. Abstract. The objective of the research is to develop mode choice models of passenger transportation between aeroplane and high speed ferry on the Palembang "“ Batam route by means of travellers' preference of mode attributes to obtain the utility and choice probability of each mode. The mode choice model was developed based on individual mode choice behaviour which was estimated by applying SP (Stated Preference) data. This research considered five travel service attributes assumed to influence mode choice significantly, namely cost, journey time, accessibility, service frequency, and quality of services. The resulting difference of utilities between aeroplane and high speed ferry is: UPT "“ UKC = -6,727088 "“ 0,000010 X1 "“ 1,502469 X2 + 2,363855 X5 where UPT = utility of aeroplane UKC = utilitas of high speed ferry X1 = Cost difference of aeroplane and high speed ferry X2 = Journey time difference of aeroplane and high speed ferry X5 = Service quality difference of aeroplane and high speed ferry And, the probability of mode choices are : PKC = 1 / 1+exp (UPT "“U KC ) PPT = 1 - PKC where: PPT = Probability of choosing aeroplane PKC = Probabilitas of choosing high speed ferry According to the sensitivity analysis, journey time is the most sensitive attribute which influences the probability of mode choice.

Abstrak. Pendapatan dari sektor transportasi jalan saat ini yang dialokasikan kembali untuk pembiayaan sektor jalan sangat rendah, khususnya untuk biaya pemeliharaan jalan. Pendapatan yang diperoleh lebih banyak melalui pungutan yang bersifat pajak yang besarannya merupakan fungsi dari nilai obyek pajak kendaraan yang tidak mencerminkan besarnya kontribusi terhadap kebutuhan biaya pemeliharaan. Instrumen pungutan untuk pemeliharaan jalan telah banyak diterapkan di beberapa negara dan dikenal sebagai dana jalan (Road Fund). Dana ini dikelola oleh stakeholders pengguna jalan agar terjamin bahwa pungutan yang dikumpulkan akan dialokasikan kembali untuk sektor jalan. Penelitian ini melakukan kajian mengenai instrumen pungutan untuk dana pemeliharaan jalan yang mencakup jenis, besaran, serta mekanismenya. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, instrumen yang terpilih adalah retribusi kendaraan, iuran BBM, dan retribusi kendaraan berat. Hal ini didasarkan dari pengalaman penerapan di banyak negara dan memenuhi beberapa kriteria yaitu : karakteristik administrasi, kemudahan dalam penerapan dan mekanisme pengumpulannya. Dari hasil perhitungan besaran pungutan per kilometer yang diperoleh dari beberapa skenario pembiayaan dan dengan membandingkan terhadap nilai biaya operasi kendaraan (BOK) dasar maka diperoleh kenaikan nilai BOK dasar akibat pungutan yang bervariasi antara 0,68 % - 3,32% tergantung jenis kendaraan. Untuk mekanisme pengumpulannya dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan mekanisme yang sudah berjalan untuk menghemat waktu dan biaya. Retribusi kendaraan melalui mekanisme pembayaran STNK, iuran BBM melalui Pertamina sebagai distributor tunggal, dan pajak kendaraan berat melalui mekanisme uji kendaraan. Abstract. In the current condition revenue from road transport sector allocated to road expenditure, especially related to road maintenance, is very low. The revenue is collected in a form of tax of the object, the vehicle. But, this does not represent the contribution of the object to the road maintenance expenditure. Charging instruments for the road maintenance have been implemented widely in many countries and known as Road Fund. The fund is managed by road's stakeholder to assure that the collected charges will be reallocated to the road sector. This study is dealing with some aspects of the charging instrument for the road maintenance with respect to types, charges, and mechanism. Based on the literature study the selected instruments are vehicle license fee, fuel levy, and heavy vehicle license fee. This study refers to the international practices and experiences and considers some criteria such as administration characteristics, applicability, and simplicity of collecting mechanism. This study reveals that the charge per vehicle per kilometer for the maintenance expenditure based on some financing scenario increases the Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) by 0.68% to 3.32% depending on the vehicle type. The suggested collecting mechanism is to use the established existing mechanism to save the time and cost, namely vehicle license fee through the car license plate number (STNK) payment, fuel levy through the Pertamina as the sole distributor of fuel, and heavy vehicle license fee through the car inspection mechanism.

Introduction: Exposure to electrical and electronic equipment waste (e-waste) has become a growing health concern. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of exposure to e-waste on respiratory symptoms and on lung function parameters in workers involved in informal recycling activities in Cotonou city, Benin., Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, in which exposed e-waste workers in Cotonou city were randomly selected. A matching nonexposed group based on age and sex was recruited from the general population. Respiratory symptoms were investigated using a questionnaire adapted from the British Medical Research Council's standardized respiratory questionnaire. Participants underwent lung function test using a portable spirometer (MIR SPIROBANK). Data were analyzed with STATA version 15 software., Results: The overall prevalence of respiratory symptoms in e-waste workers was statistically higher in the exposed group (33.1% vs. 21.6%; p = 0.027). Chest tightness (11.8% vs. 2.1%; p = 0.003) and breathlessness (6.8% vs. 1.4%; p = 0.018) were the most reported symptoms by e-waste workers. Lung function testing showed a higher proportion of disorders among e-waste workers (25.0% vs. 14.9%, p = 0.029), with a higher proportion of probable restrictive (10.8% vs. 2.7, p = 0.005) and mixed (4.1% vs. 0%, p = 0.013) ventilatory disorders. Handling or working with e-waste was found associated with a significant reduction in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) by 0.4 L (95% CI: 0.3-0.6) and forced vital capacity (FVC) by 0.75 L (95% CI: 0.6-0.9) after adjustment for age, BMI, smoking habits, asthma history, and daily income., Conclusion: Work involving e-waste is associated with a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and with an increased risk of FEV1 and FVC decline, as well as of lung function impairment, particularly of restrictive disorders. Further studies to better clarify this association are needed. Awareness on this major public health threat should be raised in other sub-Saharan and Asian urban areas., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2022 Ablo Prudence Wachinou et al.)

Introduction: Contingency measures taken by governments with movement restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic may create difficulties in conducting some field activities for TB control especially the supervision of Basic Management Units (BMUs). We described in this paper an innovative initiative to conduct remote supervision (Esupervision) using Information and Communication Technology tools., Setting and Method: This initiative was conducted in Benin Republic. To carry out the activity, we used smartphone, WhatsApp® for messaging, CamScanner for scanning (both free applications); and internet connection. BMUs were asked to scan their reports and all necessary documents and sent them by WhatsApp® after scanning. On the day planned for the supervision, the supervisors of each section (clinic, laboratory, food delivery supervision) calls the BMUs health professionals via WhatsApp® video to conduct the activity according to the National Tuberculosis Programme guidelines., Results: Overall, all the main objectives of a supervision were achieved despite some difficulties mainly related to the quality of internet connection. The reports from the different sections were validated for each BMU. For the laboratory activities, general aspects as well as the stock of reagents were evaluated; microcopy fields with an ordinary microscope were visualized. The management of tuberculosis patients was assessed by visualizing the results of bacteriological exams, treatment records, and stocks of medicines., Conclusion: Even though, this activity will probably not replace the traditional face-to-face supervision, it could be used in settings where movements are restricted for several reasons including COVID-19 pandemic, conflicts and natural disasters., Competing Interests: The Authors declare that no competing interest exists, (Copyright © 2021 by West African Journal of Medicine.)