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Background: Novel eco-friendly silver nanocomposites of xanthan/chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride polyelectrolyte complexes were successfully prepared. Methods: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were formed through an insitu eco-friendly reduction by the non-toxic polysaccharides without the usage of toxic reagents. FTIR confirmed the successful preparation of the nanocomposites while XRD confirmed the presence of AgNPs with face-centered cubic structures. TEM confirmed the homogeneous distribution of AgNPs with an average size of 14.1 nm. SEM was used to study the surface morphology of the nanocomposites while the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the presence of AgNPs. Results: Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability was improved in the presence of AgNPs as detected from the calculated integral procedure decomposition temperature. Antibacterial activity against different bacteria species was significantly improved upon increasing the content of AgNPs. Conclusion: Due to their interesting properties, the prepared polyelectrolyte complexes and their AgNPs nanocomposites could be employed potentially in many biomedical applications like drug delivery.

Background Pain that pursues coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is usually associated with increased both recovery duration and hospital stay. Patient outcome could be worsened owing to large doses of opioids for pain control through over sedation, and prolonged mechanical ventilation. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of preemptive pregabalin on post CABG surgery pain control. Objective To study the effect of pregabalin administration before surgery in the treatment of acute postoperative pain after coronary artery bypass surgery. To study the effect of pregabalin on the consumption of opioids for acute postoperative pain. Patients and Methods Type of Study: Prospective double – blinded, randomized controlled Trial. After Approval is obtained from the research ethics committee of anesthesia and intensive care department, Ain Shams University. Study Setting: National Heart Institute, Egypt. Study Period: 6 months. Study Population: adult undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgeries. Results Analysis of VAS in the first 24 hours after extubation showed significant difference between Groups 1 and 2. Analysis of systolic blood pressure and heart rate in the first 24 hours showed no significant difference between Groups 1 and 2. It is important to note that because the observed “average” differences in systolic blood pressure and heart rate between groups were small, the clinical significance of such differences can be questioned. Furthermore, it would not be realistic to expect a big, dramatic benefit from a single intervention in a complex, multifactorial care process, such as in cardiac surgery. Given the complexity of these cases, we believe that even a small reduction in pain intensity is a meaningful improvement as we all try to improve care for these patients. Conclusion Pregabalin can be effective for reduction of post CABG pain and have better patient satisfaction if given preemptively with single dose preoperatively.

Trichinellosis is a common parasitic zoonosis. Complications of anthelmintic drugs combined with steroids raise the urge of alternative protective ways. The study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotic on both Trichinella spiralis adults and larvae in experimental animal models. Thirty-six male BALB/c mice were divided into 3 groups: negative control Group (G I); Group (G II) mice were inoculated orally by 500 Trichinella spiralis larvae; tested Group (G III) mice were prophylactic by an oral dose of Lactobacillus acidophilus in commercially available form for seven consecutive days, before infection. Mature worms and encysted larvae were counted on the 5th and 21st day post-infection (dpi), respectively. IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α concentrations were estimated at 5th and 21st dpi of all groups. Significant reductions in mean worms and larvae burden were detected by 62.1% and 73.5% in the prophylactic group compared to the non-prophylactic group. The cytokine profiles were revealed IL-1 and IL-6 up-regulation compared to IL-10 and TNF-α down-regulation in the tested group compared to other groups. Although Lactobacillus acidophilus failed to achieve complete eradication of Trichinella spiralis adults and larvae, it showed powerful effects in reducing parasites and cytokines burdens.

The production of synergistically multi-acting cell wall hydrolyzing enzymes such as chitinase, glucanase, protease and whole cell-wall lytic enzymes “WCL” was highly observed in the culture filtrate of a strain molecularly characterized as Streptomyces rochei MZ227230. Enzymes productivity was monitored in different media and superiority of the modified lytic enzymes production medium (M4) was clearly noticed. Then the simultaneous optimization production of these enzymes through application of statistical modelling was conducted. Box-Behnken design (BBD) using the key components of M4 (C. albicans cell walls, baker yeast, chitin and peptone) followed by independent analysis for productivity of each enzyme helped to conduct four significant models describing four media that were specifically optimized to produce the utmost yields of chitinase (14.97), glucanase (27.89), protease (137.59) and WCL (65.28 U/ml). Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated the impossibility to potentiate the tested enzymes to the utmost yields simultaneously. However, the coproduction medium potentiated more than 80% of the maximal yields for all enzymes. Furthermore, the crude filtrate showed potent fungicidal effect against Fusarium graminearum, Mucor racemosus, Fusarium solani, and Candida albicans which should be attributed to its hydrolytic activity as indicated by the dose and time-dependent release of DNA, RNA and protein constituents of C. albicans

The pattern has special specifications as it depends on several measurements with different numbers depending on the nature of the body for which the personal model is made. These measurements often come in several variations depending on the body defects and not on the international measurements agreed upon when making such patterns. The personal pattern is one of the most difficult patterns as it requires accuracy in drawing and implementation and also contains personal measurements between which there are clear differences, which increases the difficulty of adjustment and implementation, and hence emerged the idea of research as an attempt to overcome the problems facing the second-year students at the Fashion and Textile Design Department, Faculty of Design and Applied Arts when carrying out the blouse personal pattern in different designs and measurements. One of the most important research problems was how to overcome the problems of preparing the personal pattern of the blouse and what the correct steps are to prepare and implement a personal pattern for each student. The research aims to identify the correct steps for the preparation and implementation of personal pattern, develop the skills of students in drawing the right blouse pattern and methods of implementation. The research hypothesizes that there are statistically significant differences between the skills of girl students in drawing the blouse personal pattern and methods of implementation. The importance of the research is that it contributes to raise the level of female students in the field of specialization. The most important results of the research is that design No.7 got the highest estimates with an average of 18.33% followed by design No. 9 with an average of 17.92, whereas design No. 12 got the lowest estimates with an average of 11.42%. The research recommends shedding light on the various difficulties facing the girl students and trying to solve them in the field of specialization.

Objective: To assess the oral health challenges of people attending Gulf Week Festival in Al-Qassim governorate, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).Methods : This study was conducted at Qassim, KSA .Oral examination of the participants was conducted March 2017. The sample size was 550 participants (278 female and 272 male).from deferent age groups were assessed for the prevalence of dental caries , oral hygiene, fluorosis and malocclusion and their compliance or adherence for fluoride topical application.Results: The Caries Prevalence in The Study population was 73.4% (n=508), improper oral hygiene 38.1%(n=548), Non-compliance to Fluoride Application 34.8%(n=543), Fluorosis 8.9%(n=540), Malocclusion 14.2%(n=541).Conclusion. It was concluded that: - Dental caries was high in the population attending the Gulf week festival in Qassim region. -Calculus accumulation is more prevalent in male than in female. - slight plaque accumulation was more in female under 13 years - Oral health education program and effective supervised tooth brushing program is mandatory to control plaque and calculus accumulation.

This study aimed to assess nurses’ performance in physical restraining for children undergoing invasive procedures. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at the pediatric surgical and medical departments affiliated to BeniSuef University Hospital and Ain Shams University Hospital. Sampling: A convenience sample include all available nurses who are working in the previously mentioned settings. Tools: A structured questionnaire sheet to assess nurses’ characteristics and their knowledge regarding physical restraint. The second tool was an observation checklist to assess nurses’ practice toward physical restraint. The third tool was an attitude sheet to assess nurses’ attitude regarding physical restraint. Results: revealed that more than two fifth of the nurses was aged less than twenty five years and more than half of them were technical institute. Nearly two fifth of nurses had less than five years of experience. Also, it was clear that more than two fifth of them had average knowledge about physical restraint. While nearly two thirds of nurses had incompetent level of practice regarding physical restraint. And more than two fifth of nurses had negative attitude about physical restraint. Conclusion: The study concluded that, the majority of the studied nurses had poor level of knowledge, incompetent level of practice and negative attitude regarding physical restraint. Recommendations: The study recommended that, implementation of training program for nurses regarding physical restraint. Continuous monitoring and teaching on spot from nurse supervisor is needed to ensure quality of care provided by nurses for physical restraints.

Background Cervicofacial vascular lesions are one of the most challenging diseases managed by intervention radiologists and specialized surgeons. These lesions were diagnosed to be vascular in origin by other imaging techniques such as Duplex and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All patients underwent computed tomographic angiography (CTA) to confirm the diagnosis as well as to decide the most effective choice of management based on multidisciplinary team (MDT). Then, Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was done as it is offering an accurate vascular map for the vascular lesions which is inevitable for successful super-selective endovascular embolization which can be done at same sitting. Small cases of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were sufficiently managed by only embolization, whereas cases of adequately embolized large AVMs as well as juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) cases were followed by surgery with the advantage of less blood loss and decreasing operation time as well as complications. This prospective study was done to highlight the role of combined CTA and DSA in cervicofacial vascular lesion management. Results Twenty patients were included in our study: 16 patients were males, and 4 were females; 17 of them were under 40 years, and three were above 40 years. Preoperative embolization was done in 12 patients, which were all the cases of JNAs and large AVMs. Four patients were managed by only embolization as a definitive treatment. Complete technical success rate was about 94%, while only 6% (single case) of the partial technical success rate which was due to a very small accessory feeder that could not be catheterized even with repeated trials. Conclusions Combined CTA and DSA is the cornerstone for managing vascular lesions in the cervicofacial region, which necessitates a MDT to decide the most beneficial and least complicated way for management.

Aim of the Work. The goal of the current study was to investigate the capability of the cold test to predict the profound pulpal anesthesia before starting the endodontic treatment of mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP). Materials and Methods. This study was conducted on the mandibular first molars of 54 patients (35 males and 19 females) with signs and symptoms of SIP. To anesthetize the affected molars, all patients received a single carpule of 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100000 epinephrine using a standardized inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) technique. The cold test was conducted before beginning the endodontic procedures and after gaining lip numbness, and the results were reported as either positive or negative response. The root canal preparation (RCP) was then initiated and the patients’ responses were documented (Gold standard test). True pulpal anesthetic failure was described as a pain perception during the access cavity and pulp tissue removal. True pulpal anesthesia was defined as no pain or discomfort during the access cavity and pulp extirpation. The qualitative variables frequencies and percentages of patients with true/false positive and negative responses were determined and then compared using the Chi-square test. The pain perception of male and female patients during the cold test and gold standard was compared using the Fisher exact test. The following diagnostic parameters were calculated using an online statistical calculator: sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, accuracy, and Youden index. In addition, a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was constructed and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Results. The overall percentage of actual failure of pupal anesthesia was 57%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, and Youden index for the cold test were 0.87, 0.91, 0.93, 0.84, 0.89, and 0.78, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female patients regarding their responses to cold testing and the gold standard test ( P > 0.05 ). Besides, the patients’ reactions to the cold test were significantly matched with their reactions to the gold standard test ( P < 0.05 ). The area under the ROC was mostly 0.9. Conclusion. The cold test could be a valuable and accurate method for predicting the potential pupal anesthesia before beginning the endodontic treatment of mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, particularly after obtaining postanesthetic soft tissue numbness.