104,505 results on '"A. Gillespie"'
Search Results
252. Explicit Stigma and Implicit Biases toward Autism in South Korea versus the United States
- Author
-
Kim, So Yoon, Cheon, Jeong Eun, Gillespie-Lynch, Kristen, Grandits, Jennifer, and Kim, Young-Hoon
- Abstract
This cross-cultural study examined Koreans' and Americans' explicit stigma and implicit biases toward autism to examine potential mechanisms underlying recent evidence for heightened explicit autism stigma in South Korea relative to the United States. This evidence is somewhat at odds with other evidence that individuals living in collectivistic cultures such as South Korea may be more prone to present themselves favorably than those living in relatively individualistic cultures such as the United States. A total 224 American and 536 Korean non-autistic adult participants completed an online survey. Implicit biases were measured using the implicit association test. Koreans reported greater explicit stigma and exhibited more implicit biases toward autism than Americans. Explicit stigma was not correlated with implicit biases in either country. Less autism knowledge and pleasant contact with autistic people predicted greater explicit stigma among both Koreans and Americans. Less frequent contact and heightened assimilation ideology toward ethnic minorities predicted greater stigma only among Koreans. The variance in implicit biases explained by predictors was small, emphasizing the need for follow-up research investigating predictors of implicit biases. Informing Koreans about the shortcomings of assimilationist approaches and fostering an appreciation of the plurality of cultures may reduce stigma toward autistic individuals in South Korea.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
253. A Novel Blueprint Storyboarding Method Using Digitization for Efficient Cultural Adaptation of Prevention Programs to Serve Diverse Youth and Communities
- Author
-
Simenec, Tori S., Gillespie, Sarah, Hodges, H. R., Ibrahim, Salma A., Eckerstorfer, Sarah, and Ferguson, Gail M.
- Abstract
There is a pressing need for prevention programs that address increasing rates of epidemics and pandemics, including noncommunicable diseases. However, many populations face substantial systemic barriers to accessing traditional prevention programs. To minimize persistent service utilization gaps for underserved populations, the field requires effective, efficient, and sustainable methods to increase accessibility and cultural relevance of prevention programming to multiple audiences. Cultural adaptation is one such strategy, but it can be daunting for many preventionists. Therefore, this paper presents a step-by-step guide to streamline the cultural adaptation of prevention programs through digitization and use of a novel application of storyboarding methodology, called "blueprint storyboarding." This innovative approach to cultural adaptation is designed to increase systematicity through manualization, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability for multiple cultures and developmental stages. We illustrate this novel method by describing how we applied the blueprint storyboarding approach after digitization to culturally adapt the JUS Media? Programme, a food-focused media literacy program designed to buffer media-related obesity risks for diverse youth. [This paper was written with the JUS Media? Adaptation Team.]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
254. A Developmentally-Informative Genome-wide Association Study of Alcohol Use Frequency
- Author
-
Thomas, Nathaniel S., Gillespie, Nathan A., Chan, Grace, Edenberg, Howard J., Kamarajan, Chella, Kuo, Sally I-Chun, Miller, Alex P., Nurnberger, Jr., John I., Tischfield, Jay, Dick, Danielle M., and Salvatore, Jessica E.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
255. Multi-ancestry study of the genetics of problematic alcohol use in over 1 million individuals
- Author
-
Zhou, Hang, Kember, Rachel L., Deak, Joseph D., Xu, Heng, Toikumo, Sylvanus, Yuan, Kai, Lind, Penelope A., Farajzadeh, Leila, Wang, Lu, Hatoum, Alexander S., Johnson, Jessica, Lee, Hyunjoon, Mallard, Travis T., Xu, Jiayi, Johnston, Keira J. A., Johnson, Emma C., Nielsen, Trine Tollerup, Galimberti, Marco, Dao, Cecilia, Levey, Daniel F., Overstreet, Cassie, Byrne, Enda M., Gillespie, Nathan A., Gordon, Scott, Hickie, Ian B., Whitfield, John B., Xu, Ke, Zhao, Hongyu, Huckins, Laura M., Davis, Lea K., Sanchez-Roige, Sandra, Madden, Pamela A. F., Heath, Andrew C., Medland, Sarah E., Martin, Nicholas G., Ge, Tian, Smoller, Jordan W., Hougaard, David M., Børglum, Anders D., Demontis, Ditte, Krystal, John H., Gaziano, J. Michael, Edenberg, Howard J., Agrawal, Arpana, Justice, Amy C., Stein, Murray B., Kranzler, Henry R., and Gelernter, Joel
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
256. Philadelphia Department of Health Doula Support Program: Early Successes and Challenges of a Program Serving Birthing People Affected by Substance Use Disorder
- Author
-
Haerizadeh-Yazdi, Nadia, Huynh, My-Phuong, Narva, Arielle, Grasty, Amirah, Lemon, MaryNissi, Claxton, Nick, Gillespie, Kelly, and Kallem, Stacey
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
257. Feasibility, Acceptability and Appropriateness of MedViewer: A Novel Hair-Based Antiretroviral Real-Time Clinical Monitoring Tool Providing Adherence Feedback to Patients and Their Providers
- Author
-
Golin, Carol E., Rosen, Elias P., Ferguson, Ella Gillespie, Perry, Nzi Rose, Poliseno, Amanda Jacqueline, Munson, Alexandra J., Davis, Alexandra, Hill, Lauren M., Keys, Jessica, White, Nicole R., Farel, Claire E., and Kashuba, Angela
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
258. A Synthesis of Reading Comprehension Interventions and Measures for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intensive Support Needs
- Author
-
Conner, Carlin, Allor, Jill H., Stewart, Jennifer, Kearns, Devin M., and Gillespie Rouse, Amy
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
259. Glioma synapses recruit mechanisms of adaptive plasticity
- Author
-
Taylor, Kathryn R., Barron, Tara, Hui, Alexa, Spitzer, Avishay, Yalçin, Belgin, Ivec, Alexis E., Geraghty, Anna C., Hartmann, Griffin G., Arzt, Marlene, Gillespie, Shawn M., Kim, Yoon Seok, Maleki Jahan, Samin, Zhang, Helena, Shamardani, Kiarash, Su, Minhui, Ni, Lijun, Du, Peter P., Woo, Pamelyn J., Silva-Torres, Arianna, Venkatesh, Humsa S., Mancusi, Rebecca, Ponnuswami, Anitha, Mulinyawe, Sara, Keough, Michael B., Chau, Isabelle, Aziz-Bose, Razina, Tirosh, Itay, Suvà, Mario L., and Monje, Michelle
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
260. Electro-acupuncture versus battle field auricular acupuncture in breast cancer survivors with chronic musculoskeletal pain: subgroup analysis of a randomized clinical trial
- Author
-
Bao, Ting, Zhi, W. Iris, Baser, Raymond E., Li, Q. Susan, Weitzman, Matthew, Gillespie, Erin F., Robson, Mark, and Mao, Jun J.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
261. Patient Biochemistry and Treatment Need in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection Across Three Continents: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Cohort Studies
- Author
-
Gillespie, Iain A., Barnes, Eleanor, Wong, Ian C. K., Matthews, Philippa C., Cooke, Graham S., Tipple, Craig, Elston, Robert C., Liu, Yunhao, Smith, David A., Wang, Tingyan, Davies, Jim, Várnai, Kinga A., Freeman, Oliver, Man, Kenneth K. C., Lau, Wallis C. Y., Glampson, Ben, Meng, Xing, Morais, Eleonora, Liu, Sen, Mercuri, Luca, Boxall, Naomi, Jenner, Sarah, Kendrick, Stuart, Dong, Jane, and Theodore, Dickens
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
262. Improved Adherence to ATA Medullary Thyroid Cancer Treatment Guidelines
- Author
-
McMullin, Jessica Liu, Sharma, Jyotirmay, Gillespie, Theresa, Patel, Snehal G., Weber, Collin J., and Saunders, Neil D.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
263. Do Autistic People’s Support Needs and Non-Autistic People’s Support for the Neurodiversity Movement Contribute to Heightened Autism Stigma in South Korea vs. the US?
- Author
-
Kim, So Yoon and Gillespie-Lynch, Kristen
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
264. Meal support intervention for eating disorders: a mixed-methods systematic review
- Author
-
Aleshia Ellis, Kerri Gillespie, Laura McCosker, Carly Hudson, Gideon Diamond, Tawanda Machingura, Grace Branjerdporn, and Sabine Woerwag-Mehta
- Subjects
Meal support ,Intervention ,Systematic review ,Eating disorders ,Multidisciplinary ,Anorexia ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Objective Mealtimes are a period of heightened distress for individuals with eating disorders. Patients frequently display maladaptive coping strategies, such as hiding food and using distraction techniques to avoid eating. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for meal support interventions as a first-line intervention for eating disorders. Method Six databases were systematically searched in January 2024. Papers including patients with an eating disorder, and meal support or meal supervision, were examined. Quality appraisal was conducted. Results Ten studies met inclusion criteria. Meal support was conducted individually and in group settings. Two studies examined the practical or interpersonal processes of meal support. Carers and trained clinicians implemented meal support. Individuals across the lifespan were examined. Settings included inpatient units, community clinics, and the home. Studies were heterogeneously evaluated with retrospective chart audits, pre- and post- cohort studies, semi-structured interviews, video analysis, and surveys. Discussion Meal support intervention is potentially suitable and beneficial for patients of various age groups and eating disorder diagnoses. Due to the lack of consistent approaches, it is apparent there is no standardised framework and manualised approach. This highlights the need for the development of a co-designed approach, adequate training, and rigorous evaluation.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
265. Associations of plasma neurofilament light chain with cognition and neuroimaging measures in community-dwelling early old age men
- Author
-
Rongxiang Tang, Erik Buchholz, Anders M. Dale, Robert A. Rissman, Christine Fennema-Notestine, Nathan A. Gillespie, Donald J Hagler, Michael J. Lyons, Michael C. Neale, Matthew S. Panizzon, Olivia K. Puckett, Chandra A. Reynolds, Carol E. Franz, William S. Kremen, and Jeremy A. Elman
- Subjects
Neurofilament light chain ,White matter hyperintensity ,Processing speed ,Neurodegeneration ,Blood-based biomarkers ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Background Plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a promising biomarker of neurodegeneration with potential clinical utility in monitoring the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the cross-sectional associations of plasma NfL with measures of cognition and brain have been inconsistent in community-dwelling populations. Methods We examined these associations in a large community-dwelling sample of early old age men (N = 969, mean age = 67.57 years, range = 61–73 years), who are either cognitively unimpaired (CU) or with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Specifically, we investigated five cognitive domains (executive function, episodic memory, verbal fluency, processing speed, visual-spatial ability), as well as neuroimaging measures of gray and white matter. Results After adjusting for age, health status, and young adult general cognitive ability, plasma NfL level was only significantly associated with processing speed and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, but not with other cognitive or neuroimaging measures. The association with processing speed was driven by individuals with MCI, as it was not detected in CU individuals. Conclusions These results suggest that in early old age men without dementia, plasma NfL does not appear to be sensitive to cross-sectional individual differences in most domains of cognition or neuroimaging measures of gray and white matter. The revealed plasma NfL associations were limited to WMH for all participants and processing speed only within the MCI cohort. Importantly, considering cognitive status in community-based samples will better inform the interpretation of the relationships of plasma NfL with cognition and brain and may help resolve mixed findings in the literature.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
266. Intermediate soil acidification induces highest nitrous oxide emissions
- Author
-
Yunpeng Qiu, Yi Zhang, Kangcheng Zhang, Xinyu Xu, Yunfeng Zhao, Tongshuo Bai, Yexin Zhao, Hao Wang, Xiongjie Sheng, Sean Bloszies, Christopher J. Gillespie, Tangqing He, Yang Wang, Huaihai Chen, Lijin Guo, He Song, Chenglong Ye, Yi Wang, Alex Woodley, Jingheng Guo, Lei Cheng, Yongfei Bai, Yongguan Zhu, Sara Hallin, Mary K. Firestone, and Shuijin Hu
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Global potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soil are accelerating, with increases in the proportion of reactive nitrogen emitted as N2O, i.e., N2O emission factor (EF). Yet, the primary controls and underlying mechanisms of EFs remain unresolved. Based on two independent but complementary global syntheses, and three field studies determining effects of acidity on N2O EFs and soil denitrifying microorganisms, we show that soil pH predominantly controls N2O EFs and emissions by affecting the denitrifier community composition. Analysis of 5438 paired data points of N2O emission fluxes revealed a hump-shaped relationship between soil pH and EFs, with the highest EFs occurring in moderately acidic soils that favored N2O-producing over N2O-consuming microorganisms, and induced high N2O emissions. Our results illustrate that soil pH has a unimodal relationship with soil denitrifiers and EFs, and the net N2O emission depends on both the N2O/(N2O + N2) ratio and overall denitrification rate. These findings can inform strategies to predict and mitigate soil N2O emissions under future nitrogen input scenarios.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
267. Effect of Remotely Supervised Weight Loss and Exercise Training Versus Lifestyle Counseling on Cardiovascular Risk and Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Author
-
Brian J. Andonian, Leanna M. Ross, Alyssa M. Sudnick, Johanna L. Johnson, Carl F. Pieper, Kelsey B. Belski, Julie D. Counts, Alyssa P. King, Jessica T. Wallis, William C. Bennett, Jillian C. Gillespie, Kaileigh M. Moertl, Dylan Richard, Janet L. Huebner, Margery A. Connelly, Ilene C. Siegler, William E. Kraus, Connie W. Bales, Kathryn N. Porter Starr, and Kim M. Huffman
- Subjects
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
Objective To compare a remotely supervised weight loss and exercise intervention to lifestyle counseling for effects on cardiovascular disease risk, disease activity, and patient‐reported outcomes in older patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and overweight/obesity. Methods Twenty older (60–80 years), previously sedentary participants with seropositive RA and overweight/obesity were randomized to 16 weeks of either Supervised Weight loss and Exercise Training (SWET) or Counseling Health As Treatment (CHAT). The SWET group completed aerobic training (150 minutes/week moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity), resistance training (two days/week), and a hypocaloric diet (7% weight loss goal). The CHAT control group completed two lifestyle counseling sessions followed by monthly check‐ins. The primary outcome was a composite metabolic syndrome z‐score (MSSc) derived from fasting glucose, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein–cholesterol, minimal waist circumference, and mean arterial pressure. Secondary outcomes included RA disease activity and patient‐reported outcomes. Results Both groups improved MSSc (absolute change −1.67 ± 0.64 in SWET; −1.34 ± 1.30 in CHAT; P
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
268. Reintroducing face-to-face support alongside remote support to form a hybrid stop smoking service in England: a formative mixed methods evaluation
- Author
-
Nicholas Woodrow, Duncan Gillespie, Liz Kitchin, Mark O’Brien, Scott Chapman, Nai Rui Chng, Andrew Passey, Maria Raisa Jessica Aquino, Zoe Clarke, and Elizabeth Goyder
- Subjects
Smoking cessation ,Hybrid ,Remote ,Equity ,Service reorganisation ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, United Kingdom (UK) stop smoking services had to shift to remote delivery models due to social distancing regulations, later reintroducing face-to-face provision. The “Living Well Smokefree” service in North Yorkshire County Council adopted a hybrid model offering face-to-face, remote, or a mix of both. This evaluation aimed to assess the hybrid approach’s strengths and weaknesses and explore potential improvements. Methods Conducted from September 2022 to February 2023, the evaluation consisted of three components. First, qualitative interviews involved 11 staff and 16 service users, analysed thematically. Second, quantitative data from the QuitManager system that monitored the numbers and proportions of individuals selecting and successfully completing a 4-week quit via each service option. Third, face-to-face service expenses data was used to estimate the value for money of additional face-to-face provision. The qualitative findings were used to give context to the quantitative data via an “expansion” approach and complementary analysis. Results Overall, a hybrid model was seen to provide convenience and flexible options for support. In the evaluation, 733 individuals accessed the service, with 91.3% selecting remote support, 6.1% face-to-face, and 2.6% mixed provision. Remote support was valued by service users and staff for promoting openness, privacy, and reducing stigma, and was noted as removing access barriers and improving service availability. However, the absence of carbon monoxide monitoring in remote support raised accountability concerns. The trade-off in “quantity vs. quality” of quits was debated, as remote support reached more users but produced fewer carbon monoxide-validated quits. Primarily offering remote support could lead to substantial workloads, as staff often extend their roles to include social/mental health support, which was sometimes emotionally challenging. Offering service users a choice of support options was considered more important than the “cost-per-quit”. Improved dissemination of information to support service users in understanding their options for support was suggested. Conclusions The hybrid approach allows smoking cessation services to evaluate which groups benefit from remote, face-to-face, or mixed options and allocate resources accordingly. Providing choice, flexible provision, non-judgmental support, and clear information about available options could improve engagement and match support to individual needs, enhancing outcomes.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
269. Vascular plant, bryophyte, and lichen biodiversity of Agguttinni Territorial Park, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada: an annotated species checklist of a new Arctic protected area
- Author
-
Lynn J. Gillespie, Paul C. Sokoloff, Geoffrey A. Levin, Jennifer Doubt, and R. Troy McMullin
- Subjects
Canadian Arctic Archipelago ,ferns ,floristic inven ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Agguttinni Territorial Park is a large, newly established park on the east-central coast of Baffin Island in Nunavut, Canada. Previous knowledge of the plant and lichen biodiversity was limited and based mostly on collections made during the 1950 Baffin Island Expedition. We conducted a floristic inventory of the park in 2021 and re-examined previous collections. We recorded 141 species of vascular plants belonging to 25 families, 69 species of bryophytes in 27 families, and 93 species of lichens in 23 families. Most of the vascular plant and bryophyte species are new records for the park area, and some vascular plants, bryophytes, and lichens are newly reported for Baffin Island, Nunavut, or the Canadian Arctic or represent significant range extensions. Vascular plant species diversity varied greatly among localities, with inland valleys at the heads of fiords showing highest diversity and interior rocky barrens showing the lowest.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
270. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals peripheral blood leukocyte responses to spinal cord injury in mice with humanised immune systems
- Author
-
Ellen R. Gillespie, Laura F. Grice, Isabel G. Courtney, Hong Wa Lao, Woncheol Jung, Sonny Ramkomuth, Jacky Xie, David A. Brown, James Walsham, Kristen J. Radford, Quan H. Nguyen, and Marc J. Ruitenberg
- Subjects
Neurotrauma ,Neuroinflammation ,Neuroimmunology ,Immunosuppression ,Neutrophil ,Lymphocyte ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Next-generation humanised mouse models and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) approaches enable in-depth studies into human immune cell biology. Here we used NSG-SGM3 mice engrafted with human umbilical cord haematopoietic stem cells to investigate how human immune cells respond to and/or are changed by traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). We hypothesised that the use of such mice could help advance our understanding of spinal cord injury-induced immune depression syndrome (SCI-IDS), and also how human leukocytes change as they migrate from the circulation into the lesion site. Our scRNAseq experiments, supplemented by flow cytometry, demonstrate the existence of up to 11 human immune cell (sub-) types and/or states across the blood and injured spinal cord (7 days post-SCI) of humanised NSG-SGM3 mice. Further comparisons of human immune cell transcriptomes between naïve, sham-operated and SCI mice identified a total of 579 differentially expressed genes, 190 of which were ‘SCI-specific’ (that is, genes regulated only in response to SCI but not sham surgery). Gene ontology analysis showed a prominent downregulation of immune cell function under SCI conditions, including for T cell receptor signalling and antigen presentation, confirming the presence of SCI-IDS and the transcriptional signature of human leukocytes in association with this phenomenon. We also highlight the activating influence of the local spinal cord lesion microenvironment by comparing the transcriptomes of circulating versus infiltrated human immune cells; those isolated from the lesion site were enriched for genes relating to both immune cell activity and function (e.g., oxidative phosphorylation, T cell proliferation and antigen presentation). We lastly applied an integrated bioinformatics approach to determine where immune responses in humanised NSG-SGM3 mice appear congruent to the native responses of human SCI patients, and where they diverge. Collectively, our study provides a valuable resource and methodological framework for the use of these mice in translational research.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
271. JAK/STAT3 represents a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer patients with stromal-rich tumors
- Author
-
Kathryn A. F. Pennel, Phimmada Hatthakarnkul, Colin S. Wood, Guang-Yu Lian, Sara S. F. Al-Badran, Jean A. Quinn, Assya Legrini, Jitwadee Inthagard, Peter G. Alexander, Hester van Wyk, Ahmad Kurniawan, Umar Hashmi, Michael A. Gillespie, Megan Mills, Aula Ammar, Jennifer Hay, Ditte Andersen, Colin Nixon, Selma Rebus, David K. Chang, Caroline Kelly, Andrea Harkin, Janet Graham, David Church, Ian Tomlinson, Mark Saunders, Tim Iveson, Tamsin R. M. Lannagan, Rene Jackstadt, Noori Maka, Paul G. Horgan, Campbell S. D. Roxburgh, Owen J. Sansom, Donald C. McMillan, Colin W. Steele, Nigel B. Jamieson, James H. Park, Antonia K. Roseweir, and Joanne Edwards
- Subjects
Colorectal cancer ,Cellular signaling ,JAK/STAT3 signal transduction ,Tumor microenvironment ,Prognosis ,Spatial biology ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogenous malignancy underpinned by dysregulation of cellular signaling pathways. Previous literature has implicated aberrant JAK/STAT3 signal transduction in the development and progression of solid tumors. In this study we investigate the effectiveness of inhibiting JAK/STAT3 in diverse CRC models, establish in which contexts high pathway expression is prognostic and perform in depth analysis underlying phenotypes. In this study we investigated the use of JAK inhibitors for anti-cancer activity in CRC cell lines, mouse model organoids and patient-derived organoids. Immunohistochemical staining of the TransSCOT clinical trial cohort, and 2 independent large retrospective CRC patient cohorts was performed to assess the prognostic value of JAK/STAT3 expression. We performed mutational profiling, bulk RNASeq and NanoString GeoMx® spatial transcriptomics to unravel the underlying biology of aberrant signaling. Inhibition of signal transduction with JAK1/2 but not JAK2/3 inhibitors reduced cell viability in CRC cell lines, mouse, and patient derived organoids (PDOs). In PDOs, reduced Ki67 expression was observed post-treatment. A highly significant association between high JAK/STAT3 expression within tumor cells and reduced cancer-specific survival in patients with high stromal invasion (TSPhigh) was identified across 3 independent CRC patient cohorts, including the TrasnSCOT clinical trial cohort. Patients with high phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) within the TSPhigh group had higher influx of CD66b + cells and higher tumoral expression of PDL1. Bulk RNAseq of full section tumors showed enrichment of NFκB signaling and hypoxia in these cases. Spatial deconvolution through GeoMx® demonstrated higher expression of checkpoint and hypoxia-associated genes in the tumor (pan-cytokeratin positive) regions, and reduced lymphocyte receptor signaling in the TME (pan-cytokeratin- and αSMA-) and αSMA (pan-cytokeratin- and αSMA +) areas. Non-classical fibroblast signatures were detected across αSMA + regions in cases with high pSTAT3. Therefore, in this study we have shown that inhibition of JAK/STAT3 represents a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with stromal-rich CRC tumors. High expression of JAK/STAT3 proteins within both tumor and stromal cells predicts poor outcomes in CRC, and aberrant signaling is associated with distinct spatially-dependant differential gene expression.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
272. Potentially Zoonotic Enteric Infections in Gorillas and Chimpanzees, Cameroon and Tanzania
- Author
-
Emily K. Strahan, Jacob Witherbee, Richard Bergl, Elizabeth V. Lonsdorf, Dismas Mwacha, Deus Mjungu, Mimi Arandjelovic, Romanus Ikfuingei, Karen Terio, Dominic A. Travis, and Thomas R. Gillespie
- Subjects
enteric infections ,zoonoses ,disease reservoirs ,One Health ,primates ,primate diseases ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Despite zoonotic potential, data are lacking on enteric infection diversity in wild apes. We employed a novel molecular diagnostic platform to detect enteric infections in wild chimpanzees and gorillas. Prevalent Cryptosporidium parvum, adenovirus, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli across divergent sites and species demonstrates potential widespread circulation among apes in Africa.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
273. A community-based advanced nurse practitioner-led integrated oncology care model for adults receiving oral anticancer medication: a pilot study
- Author
-
Janice P. Richmond, Mary Grace Kelly, Alison Johnston, Patrick J. Murphy, Laura O’Connor, Paddy Gillespie, Anna Hobbins, Alberto Alvarez-Iglesias, and Andrew W. Murphy
- Subjects
Cancer ,Cancer care ,Cancer management ,Oral anticancer medications ,Primary care ,Advanced nurse practitioner ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Oral anti-cancer medications (OAMs) are being used increasingly within cancer care. OAMs offer the potential to improve patient convenience and increase hospital capacity. The clinical assessment for each cycle of OAMs requires specialist patient review often performed in hospital-based oncology units. Consequently, any potential improvement in patient expediency or increased hospital capacity that OAMs can offer is not realised. This study aimed to develop and pilot the specialist assessment of patients receiving OAMs by an Advanced Nurse Practitioner (ANP) in a community-based location. The primary aim of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of a community-based ANP-led integrated oncology care model for adults receiving OAMs in Ireland who met the pre-specified eligibility criteria. The objectives were to determine the feasibility of a definitive trial of this intervention by measuring patient safety, acceptability to patients and staff and cost of the new model of care. This single-centre pilot study provided patient care (n = 37) to those receiving OAM therapies within a community setting for a 4-month period. Consent rate was high with no attrition other than for clinical reasons. There were 151 contacts with the sample during that time. Results demonstrated that the ANP-led intervention and new model for OAM care was safe, highly acceptable to patients and staff and that related healthcare costs could be captured. Based on the success of this pilot study, the authors conclude that a community-based ANP-led integrated oncology care model for adults receiving OAMs is feasible, and a definitive trial is warranted. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN10401455 . Registered 30 November 2020.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
274. Field-based assessments of the seasonality of Culex pipiens sensu lato in England: an important enzootic vector of Usutu and West Nile viruses
- Author
-
Nicola Seechurn, M. Trent Herdman, Arturo Hernandez-Colina, Alexander G. C. Vaux, Colin Johnston, Morgan Berrell, Javier Lopez, Lindsay Eckley, Merit Gonzalez-Olvera, Lisa Gillespie, Paul Pearce Kelly, Matthew Baylis, and Jolyon M. Medlock
- Subjects
Culex spp ,Culex pipiens s.l. ,Culex torrentium ,Zoo ,Disease ecology ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Usutu virus (USUV), which is closely related to West Nile virus (WNV), sharing a similar ecology and transmission cycle, was first reported in the UK in the southeast of England in 2020. Both USUV and WNV are emerging zoonotic viruses hosted by wild birds. The 2020 finding of USUV in England raised awareness of this virus and highlighted the importance of understanding the seasonality of Culex pipiens sensu lato (Cx. pipiens s.l.), the main enzootic vector of these viruses. Zoos are prime locations for trapping mosquitoes because of their infrastructure, security, and range of vertebrate hosts and aquatic habitats. Methods Three independent zoo-based case studies at four locations that cover the seasonality of Cx. pipiens s.l. in England were undertaken: (i) London Zoo (Zoological Society London [ZSL]) and surrounding areas, London; (ii) Chester Zoo (Cheshire); (ii) Twycross Zoo (Leicestershire); and (iv) Flamingo Land (zoo; North Yorkshire). Various adult mosquito traps were used to catch adult Cx. pipiens s.l. across seasons. Results High yields of Cx. pipiens s.l./Culex torrentium were observed in Biogents-Mosquitaire and Center for Disease Control and Prevention Gravid traps in all studies where these traps were used. Mosquito counts varied between sites and between years. Observations of adult Cx. pipiens s.l./Cx. torrentium abundance and modelling studies demonstrated peak adult abundance between late July and early August, with active adult female Cx. pipiens s.l./Cx. torrentium populations between May and September. Conclusions The information collated in this study illustrates the value of multiple mosquito monitoring approaches in zoos to describe the seasonality of this UK vector across multiple sites in England and provides a framework that can be used for ongoing and future surveillance programmes and disease risk management strategies. Graphical Abstract
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
275. A comparison of rapid cycle deliberate practice and traditional reflective debriefing on interprofessional team performance
- Author
-
Nora Colman, Susan M. Wiltrakis, Sherita Holmes, Ruth Hwu, Srikant Iyer, Nandranie Goodwin, Claire Mathai, Scott Gillespie, and Kiran B. Hebbar
- Subjects
Simulation-based team training ,Interdisciplinary simulation ,Rapid cycle deliberate practice ,Traditional reflective debriefing ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background In simulation-based education, debriefing is necessary to promote knowledge acquisition and skill application. Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice (RCDP) and Traditional Reflective Debriefing (TRD) are based in learning theories of deliberate practice and reflective learning, respectively. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of TRD versus RCDP on acquisition of conceptual knowledge and teamwork skills among interdisciplinary learners in the pediatric emergency department. Methods One hundred sixty-four learners including emergency department attending physicians, fellows, nurses, medical technicians, paramedics, and respiratory therapists, participated in 28 in-situ simulation workshops over 2 months. Groups were quasi-randomized to receive RCDP or TRD debriefing. Learners completed a multiple-choice test to assess teamwork knowledge. The TEAM Assessment Tool assessed team performance before and after debriefing. Primary outcomes were teamwork knowledge and team performance. Results Average pre-intervention baseline knowledge assessment scores were high in both groups (TRD mean 90.5 (SD 12.7), RCDP mean 88.7 (SD 15.5). Post-test scores showed small improvements in both groups (TRD mean 93.2 (SD 12.2), RCDP mean 89.9 (SD 13.8), as indicated by effect sizes (ES = 0.21 and 0.09, for TRD and RCDP, respectively). Assessment of team performance demonstrated a significant improvement in mean scores from pre-assessment to post-assessment for all TEAM Assessment skills in both TRD and RCDP arms, based on p-values (all p 0.8). While pre-post improvements in TEAM scores were generally higher in the RCDP group based on effect sizes, analysis did not indicate either debriefing approach as meaningfully improved over the other. Conclusions Our study did not demonstrate that either TRD versus RCDP was meaningfully better in teamwork knowledge acquisition or improving skill application and performance. As such, we propose Reflective Deliberate Practice as a framework for future study to allow learners to reflect on learning and practice in action.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
276. Socioeconomic deprivation and illness trajectory in the Scottish population after COVID-19 hospitalization
- Author
-
Andrew J. Morrow, Robert Sykes, Merna Saleh, Baryab Zahra, Alasdair MacIntosh, Anna Kamdar, Catherine Bagot, Hannah K. Bayes, Kevin G. Blyth, Heerajnarain Bulluck, David Carrick, Colin Church, David Corcoran, Iain Findlay, Vivienne B. Gibson, Lynsey Gillespie, Douglas Grieve, Pauline Hall Barrientos, Antonia Ho, Ninian N. Lang, David J. Lowe, Vera Lennie, Peter W. Macfarlane, Kaitlin J. Mayne, Patrick B. Mark, Alex McConnachie, Ross McGeoch, Sabrina Nordin, Alexander Payne, Alastair J. Rankin, Keith Robertson, Nicola Ryan, Giles Roditi, Naveed Sattar, David Stobo, Sarah Allwood-Spiers, Rhian M. Touyz, Gruschen Veldtman, Sarah Weeden, Robin Weir, Stuart Watkins, Paul Welsh, Kenneth Mangion, and Colin Berry
- Subjects
Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background The associations between deprivation and illness trajectory after hospitalisation for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) are uncertain. Methods A prospective, multicentre cohort study was conducted on post-COVID-19 patients, enrolled either in-hospital or shortly post-discharge. Two evaluations were carried out: an initial assessment and a follow-up at 28–60 days post-discharge. The study encompassed research blood tests, patient-reported outcome measures, and multisystem imaging (including chest computed tomography (CT) with pulmonary and coronary angiography, cardiovascular and renal magnetic resonance imaging). Primary and secondary outcomes were analysed in relation to socioeconomic status, using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD). The EQ-5D-5L, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) for Anxiety and Depression, and the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) were used to assess health status. Results Of the 252 enrolled patients (mean age 55.0 ± 12.0 years; 40% female; 23% with diabetes), deprivation status was linked with increased BMI and diabetes prevalence. 186 (74%) returned for the follow-up. Within this group, findings indicated associations between deprivation and lung abnormalities (p = 0.0085), coronary artery disease (p = 0.0128), and renal inflammation (p = 0.0421). Furthermore, patients with higher deprivation exhibited worse scores in health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L, p = 0.0084), illness perception (BIPQ, p = 0.0004), anxiety and depression levels (PHQ-4, p = 0.0038), and diminished physical activity (DASI, p = 0.002). At the 3-month mark, those with greater deprivation showed a higher frequency of referrals to secondary care due to ongoing COVID-19 symptoms (p = 0.0438). However, clinical outcomes were not influenced by deprivation. Conclusions In a post-hospital COVID-19 population, socioeconomic deprivation was associated with impaired health status and secondary care episodes. Deprivation influences illness trajectory after COVID-19.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
277. Exploring critical intervention features and trial processes in the evaluation of sensory integration therapy for autistic children
- Author
-
Elizabeth Randell, Rachel McNamara, Monica Busse, Sue Delport, Rhys Williams-Thomas, Wakunyambo Maboshe, David Gillespie, Sarah Milosevic, Lucy Brookes-Howell, Melissa Wright, Richard P. Hastings, Anne Marie McKigney, Eleni Glarou, and Alka Ahuja
- Subjects
Process evaluation ,Autism ,Sensory integration ,Manualised therapy ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background We evaluated the clinical and cost-effectiveness of manualised sensory integration therapy (SIT) for autistic children with sensory processing difficulties in a two-arm randomised controlled trial. Trial processes and contextual factors which may have affected intervention outcomes were explored within a nested process evaluation. This paper details the process evaluation methods and results. We also discuss implications for evaluation of individual level, tailored interventions in similar populations. Methods The process evaluation was conducted in line with Medical Research Council guidance. Recruitment, demographics, retention, adherence, and adverse effects are reported using descriptive statistics. Fidelity of intervention delivery is reported according to the intervention scoring manual. Qualitative interviews with therapists and carers were undertaken to explore the acceptability of the intervention and trial processes. Qualitative interviews with carers explored potential contamination. Results Recruitment, reach and retention within the trial met expected thresholds. One hundred thirty-eight children and carers were recruited (92% of those screened and 53.5% of those who expressed an interest) with 77.5% retained at 6 months and 69.9% at 12 months post-randomisation. The intervention was delivered with structural and process fidelity with the majority (78.3%) receiving a ‘sufficient dose’ of intervention. However, there was considerable individual variability in the receipt of sessions. Carers and therapists reported that trial processes were generally acceptable though logistical challenges such as appointment times, travel and COVID restrictions were frequent barriers to receiving the intervention. No adverse effects were reported. Conclusions The process evaluation was highly valuable in identifying contextual factors that could impact the effectiveness of this individualised intervention. Rigorous evaluations of interventions for autistic children are important, especially given the limitations such as limited sample sizes and short-term follow-up as faced by previous research. One of the challenges lies in the variability of outcomes considered important by caregivers, as each autistic child faces unique challenges. It is crucial to consider the role of parents or other caregivers in facilitating access to these interventions and how this may impact effectiveness. Trial registration This trial is registered as ISRCTN14716440. August 11, 2016.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
278. Music therapy for supporting informal carers of adults with life-threatening illness pre- and post-bereavement; a mixed-methods systematic review
- Author
-
K. Gillespie, T. McConnell, A. Roulston, N. Potvin, C. Ghiglieri, I. Gadde, M. Anderson, J. Kirkwood, D. Thomas, L. Roche, M. O.’Sullivan, A. McCullagh, and L. Graham-Wisener
- Subjects
Palliative care ,Music therapy ,Bereavement ,Grief ,Carer ,End-of-life ,Special situations and conditions ,RC952-1245 - Abstract
Abstract Background Music therapy interventions with informal carers of individuals with life-threatening illness at pre- and post-bereavement is an increasingly important clinical area. This systematic review is the first to synthesise and critically evaluate the international evidence associated with music therapy with adult informal carers pre- and post-bereavement. Specifically, the objectives were: i) to describe the characteristics and effectiveness of music therapy interventions which aim to improve health-related outcomes for adult informal carers of adults with life-threatening illness (pre- and post-bereavement), and ii) to describe the experience of music therapy for adult informal carers of adults with life-threatening illness (pre- and post-bereavement). Methods Eligibility: adult informal carers of adults at end of life or bereaved; music therapy interventions for improving health-related outcomes; qualitative; mixed-method; and quantitative studies including comparators of any other intervention; published in English from 1998 onwards. Six databases were searched up to July 2022. A JBI mixed-methods systematic review approach was followed throughout, including quality appraisal, data extraction and a convergent segregated approach to synthesis and integration. Results A total of 34 studies were included, published between 2003 and 2022. Most were conducted in North America (n = 13), Australia (n = 10), or Europe (n = 8). No studies were conducted in low- and middle-income countries or in the UK. The majority were qualitative (n = 17), followed by quasi-experimental (n = 8), mixed-methods (n = 7) and two RCTs. The majority focused on carers of individuals with dementia (n = 21) or advanced cancer (n = 7). Seventeen studies were purely quantitative or included a quantitative component. During meta-synthesis, findings were aligned to core outcomes for evaluating bereavement interventions in palliative care and previously identified risk factors for complicated grief. Commonly targeted outcomes in quantitative studies included quality of life and mental wellbeing, showing equivocal effectiveness of music therapy with significant and non-significant results. Twenty-two studies either purely qualitative or with a qualitative component underwent meta synthesis and suggested a diverse range of improved pre- and post-bereavement outcomes for informal carers across all core outcomes, and across all risk and protective factors, including psychological, spiritual, emotional, and social outcomes. Conclusions Qualitative studies provide moderate to strong evidence for improved health-related outcomes for adult informal carers of adults with life-threatening illness pre-bereavement. Limited studies including those bereaved negates conclusions for the bereavement phase. Comparisons and explanations for effectiveness across quantitative and qualitative studies are equivocal, with a high risk of bias and small samples in the limited number of quantitative studies, demonstrating a need for high-quality RCTs. Systematic review pre-registration PROSPERO [CRD42021244859].
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
279. Developing a best-practice agenda for music therapy research to support informal carers of terminally ill patients pre- and post-death bereavement: a world café approach
- Author
-
Tracey McConnell, Kathryn Gillespie, Noah Potvin, Audrey Roulston, Jenny Kirkwood, Daniel Thomas, Angela McCullagh, Lorna Roche, Marcella O’Sullivan, Kate Binnie, Amy Clements-Cortés, Lauren DiMaio, Zara Thompson, Giorgos Tsiris, Ranka Radulovic, and Lisa Graham-Wisener
- Subjects
Best practice ,Agenda ,Music therapy ,Informal carers ,Pre-bereavement ,Bereavement ,Special situations and conditions ,RC952-1245 - Abstract
Abstract Background Informal carers of terminally ill patients play a vital role in providing palliative care at home, which impacts on their pre- and post-death bereavement experience and presents an up to 50% greater risk for mental-health problems. However, developing and implementing effective bereavement support remains challenging. There is a need to build the evidence base for music therapy as a potentially promising bereavement support for this vulnerable population. This study aimed to co-design an international best practice agenda for research into music therapy for informal carers of patients pre- and post-death bereavement. Methods Online half day workshop using a World Café approach; an innovative method for harnessing group intelligence within a group of international expert stakeholders (music therapy clinicians and academics with experience of music therapy with informal carers at end-of-life). Demographics, experience, key priorities and methodological challenges were gathered during a pre-workshop survey to inform workshop discussions. The online workshop involved four rounds of rotating, 25-minute, small group parallel discussions using Padlet. One final large group discussion involved a consensus building activity. All data were analysed thematically to identify patterns to inform priorities and recommendations. Results Twenty-two consented and completed the pre-event survey (response rate 44%), from countries representing 10 different time zones. Sixteen participated in the workshop and developed the following best practice agenda. The effectiveness of music therapy in supporting informal carers across the bereavement continuum should be prioritised. This should be done using a mixed methods design to draw on the strengths of different methodological approaches to building the evidence base. It should involve service users throughout and should use a core outcome set to guide the choice of clinically important bereavement outcome measures in efficacy/effectiveness research. Conclusions Findings should inform future pre- and post-death bereavement support research for informal caregivers of terminally ill patients. This is an important step in building the evidence base for commissioners and service providers on how to incorporate more innovative approaches in palliative care bereavement services.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
280. Model‐based meta‐analysis using latent variable modeling to set benchmarks for new treatments of systemic lupus erythematosus
- Author
-
Kosalaram Goteti, Ramon Garcia, William R. Gillespie, Jonathan French, Lena Klopp‐Schulze, Ying Li, Cristina Vazquez Mateo, Sanjeev Roy, Oliver Guenther, Lisa Benincosa, and Karthik Venkatakrishnan
- Subjects
Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Abstract Several investigational agents are under evaluation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) clinical trials but quantitative frameworks to enable comparison of their efficacy to reference benchmark treatments are lacking. To benchmark SLE treatment effects and identify clinically important covariates, we developed a model‐based meta‐analysis (MBMA) within a latent variable model framework for efficacy end points and SLE composite end point scores (BILAG‐based Composite Lupus Assessment and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Responder Index) using aggregate‐level data on approved and investigational therapeutics. SLE trials were searched using PubMed and www.clinicaltrials.gov for treatment name, SLE and clinical trial as search criteria that resulted in four data structures: (1) study and investigational agent, (2) dose and regimen, (3) baseline descriptors, and (4) outcomes. The final dataset consisted of 25 studies and 81 treatment arms evaluating 16 different agents. A previously developed (K Goteti et al. 2022) SLE latent variable model of data from placebo arms (placebo + standard of care treatments) was used to describe aggregate SLE end points over time for the various SLE placebo and treatment arms in a Bayesian MBMA framework. Continuous dose‐effect relationships using a maximum effect model were included for anifrolumab, belimumab, CC‐220 (iberdomide), epratuzumab, lulizumab pegol, and sifalimumab, whereas the remaining treatments were modeled as discrete dose effects. The final MBMA model was then used to benchmark these compounds with respect to the maximal efficacy on the latent variable compared to the placebo. This MBMA illustrates the application of latent variable models in understanding the trajectories of composite end points in chronic diseases and should enable model‐informed development of new investigational agents in SLE.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
281. Bayesian estimation in NONMEM
- Author
-
Curtis K. Johnston, Timothy Waterhouse, Matthew Wiens, John Mondick, Jonathan French, and William R. Gillespie
- Subjects
Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Abstract Bayesian estimation is a powerful but underutilized tool for answering drug development questions. In this tutorial, the principles of Bayesian model development, assessment, and prior selection will be outlined. An example pharmacokinetic (PK) model will be used to demonstrate the implementation of Bayesian modeling using the nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling software NONMEM.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
282. Women's Collective Action in Tacitus' Annals
- Author
-
Gillespie, Caitlin
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
283. Betsuyaku Minoru’s Artful Ambiguity
- Author
-
Gillespie, John K.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
284. Godot Came
- Author
-
Minoru, Betsuyaku and Gillespie, John K.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
285. Femmephobia versus gender norms: Examining women’s responses to competing and contradictory gender messages
- Author
-
Hoskin, Rhea Ashley, Serafini, Toni, and Gillespie, Julia G.
- Published
- 2023
286. Improved measurement of the $0_2^+\rightarrow0_1^+$ E0 transition strength for $^{72}$Se using the SPICE spectrometer
- Author
-
Smallcombe, J., Garnsworthy, A. B., Korten, W., Singh, P., Ali, F. A., Andreoiu, C., Ansari, S., Ball, G. C., Barton, C. J., Bhattacharjee, S. S., Bowry, M., Caballero-Folch, R., Chester, A., Gillespie, S. A., Grinyer, G. F., Hackman, G., Jones, C., Melon, B., Moukaddam, M., Nannini, A., Ruotsalainen, P., Starosta, K., Svensson, C. E., Wadsworth, R., and Williams, J.
- Subjects
Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
The selenium isotopes lie at the heart of a tumultuous region of the nuclear chart where shape coexistence effects grapple with neutron-proton pairing correlations, triaxiality, and the impending proton dripline. In this work a study of $^{72}$Se by internal conversion electron and $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy was undertaken with the SPICE and TIGRESS arrays. New measurements of the branching ratio and lifetime of the $0_2^+$ state were performed yielding a determination of $\rho^2(E0;0_2^+{\rightarrow}0_1^+)=29(3)$ milliunits. two state mixing calculations were performed that highlighted the importance of interpretation of such $E0$ strength values in the context of shape-coexistence.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
287. Individual ion species chemical potentials in the Mean Spherical Approximation
- Author
-
Høye, Johan S. and Gillespie, Dirk
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
The Mean Spherical Approximation (MSA) is a commonly-used thermodynamic theory for computing the energetics of ions in the primitive model (i.e., charged hard-sphere ions in a background dielectric). For the excess chemical potential, however, the early MSA formulations (which were widely adopted) only included the terms needed to compute the mean excess chemical potential (or the mean activity coefficient). Other terms for the chemical potential $\mu_i$ of individual species $i$ were not included because they sum to $0$ in the mean chemical potential. Here, we derive these terms to give a complete MSA formulation of the chemical potential. The result is a simple additive term for $\mu_i$ that we show is a qualitative improvement over the previous MSA version. In addition, our derivation shows that the MSA's assumption of global charge neutrality is not strictly necessary, so that the MSA is also valid for systems close to neutrality., Comment: 23 pages, 2 figures The following article has been submitted to The Journal of Chemical Physics. After it is published, it will be found at https://aip.scitation.org/journal/jcp
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
288. Developing and Implementing Teaching in Sensitive Subject and Topic Areas: A Comprehensive Guide for Professionals in FE and HE Settings
- Author
-
William McGovern, Aidan Gillespie, Toby Brandon, Alison McInnes, William McGovern, Aidan Gillespie, Toby Brandon, Alison McInnes and William McGovern, Aidan Gillespie, Toby Brandon, Alison McInnes, William McGovern, Aidan Gillespie, Toby Brandon, Alison McInnes
- Published
- 2024
289. Tranexamic Acid in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Scoping Review of Current Practices and Future Directions
- Author
-
Laungani, Dev, Porto, Joshua R., Haase, Lucas, Smith, Kira, Chen, Raymond, and Gillespie, Robert
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
290. Monitoring native, non-native, and restored tropical dry forest with Landsat: A case study from the Hawaiian Islands
- Author
-
Monica Dimson, Kyle C. Cavanaugh, Erica von Allmen, David A. Burney, Kapua Kawelo, Jane Beachy, and Thomas W. Gillespie
- Subjects
Forest plots ,Landsat ,Precipitation anomalies ,Restoration monitoring ,Tropical dry forest ,Time series ,Information technology ,T58.5-58.64 ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Tropical dry forests are highly threatened at a global scale. Long-term monitoring of remaining stands is needed to assess forest health, efficacy of management practices, and potential impacts of climate change. Using a multi-seasonal Landsat time series, we examined Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) patterns in native dry forest, non-native vegetation types, and dry forest restoration sites from 1999 to 2022 in the Hawaiian Islands. We calculated trends in median NDVI and robust coefficient of variation of NDVI for dry and wet seasons, and used Breaks for Additive Seasonal and Trend analysis to detect trend departures. To assess the impact of regional drying trends, NDVI trends were compared to the seasonal long-term precipitation anomaly and cumulative precipitation anomaly. We found that native dry forest was less green than non-native forest, particularly during the dry season, and that median NDVI increased in both native and non-native dry forests over the study period despite negative precipitation anomaly trends. This result differs from coarser-scale studies in Hawaii, but is supported by trends in other dry forest regions. Greening was also observed in restoration study sites, especially larger sites where native species establishment and recruitment has been reported. Non-native grassland NDVI exhibited a strong positive link to precipitation anomalies, suggesting that drier climate scenarios may exacerbate the invasive grass-wildfire cycle that threatens native dry forest. These results demonstrate that Landsat time series may be used to detect seasonal variation in dry forest plots and to support restoration site monitoring in a highly fragmented ecosystem.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
291. Author Correction: Brain Data Standards - A method for building data-driven cell-type ontologies
- Author
-
Tan, Shawn Zheng Kai, Kir, Huseyin, Aevermann, Brian D, Gillespie, Tom, Harris, Nomi, Hawrylycz, Michael J, Jorstad, Nikolas L, Lein, Ed S, Matentzoglu, Nicolas, Miller, Jeremy A, Mollenkopf, Tyler S, Mungall, Christopher J, Ray, Patrick L, Sanchez, Raymond EA, Staats, Brian, Vermillion, Jim, Yadav, Ambika, Zhang, Yun, Scheuermann, Richard H, and Osumi-Sutherland, David
- Abstract
Correction to: Scientific Data, published online 24 January 2023 In this article the funding from ‘NIMH/NIH:1U24MH114827-01 - “A Community Resource for Single Cell Data in the Brain”. ’ was omitted. The original article has been corrected.
- Published
- 2023
292. Imaging telomerase reverse transcriptase expression in oligodendrogliomas using hyperpolarized δ-[1-13C]-gluconolactone.
- Author
-
Gillespie, Anne, Viswanath, Pavithra, Batsios, Georgios, and Taglang, Celine
- Subjects
TERT ,hyperpolarized 13C imaging ,magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,oligodendrogliomas ,pentose phosphate pathway - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Telomere maintenance by telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is essential for immortality in most cancers, including oligodendrogliomas. Agents that disrupt telomere maintenance such as the telomere uncapping agent 6-thio-2-deoxyguanosine (6-thio-dG) are in clinical trials. We previously showed that TERT expression in oligodendrogliomas is associated with upregulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). We also showed that hyperpolarized δ-[1-13C]-gluconolactone metabolism to 6-phosphogluconate (6-PG) can be used to probe the PPP in glioblastomas. The goal of this study was to determine whether hyperpolarized 13C imaging using δ-[1-13C]-gluconolactone can monitor TERT expression and response to 6-thio-dG in oligodendrogliomas. METHODS: We examined patient-derived oligodendroglioma cells and orthotopic tumors to assess the link between TERT and hyperpolarized δ-[1-13C]-gluconolactone metabolism. We performed in vivo imaging to assess the ability of hyperpolarized δ-[1-13C]-gluconolactone to report on TERT and response to 6-thio-dG in rats bearing orthotopic oligodendrogliomas in vivo. RESULTS: Doxycycline-inducible TERT silencing abrogated 6-PG production from hyperpolarized δ-[1-13C]-gluconolactone in oligodendroglioma cells, consistent with the loss of G6PD activity. Rescuing TERT expression by doxycycline removal restored G6PD activity and, concomitantly, 6-PG production. 6-PG production from hyperpolarized δ-[1-13C]-gluconolactone demarcated TERT-expressing tumor from surrounding TERT-negative normal brain in vivo. Importantly, 6-thio-dG abrogated 6-PG production at an early timepoint preceding MRI-detectable alterations in rats bearing orthotopic oligodendrogliomas in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that hyperpolarized δ-[1-13C]-gluconolactone reports on TERT expression and early response to therapy in oligodendrogliomas. Our studies identify a novel agent for imaging tumor proliferation and treatment response in oligodendroglioma patients.
- Published
- 2023
293. A guide to the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network data ecosystem
- Author
-
Hawrylycz, Michael, Martone, Maryann E, Ascoli, Giorgio A, Bjaalie, Jan G, Dong, Hong-Wei, Ghosh, Satrajit S, Gillis, Jesse, Hertzano, Ronna, Haynor, David R, Hof, Patrick R, Kim, Yongsoo, Lein, Ed, Liu, Yufeng, Miller, Jeremy A, Mitra, Partha P, Mukamel, Eran, Ng, Lydia, Osumi-Sutherland, David, Peng, Hanchuan, Ray, Patrick L, Sanchez, Raymond, Regev, Aviv, Ropelewski, Alex, Scheuermann, Richard H, Tan, Shawn Zheng Kai, Thompson, Carol L, Tickle, Timothy, Tilgner, Hagen, Varghese, Merina, Wester, Brock, White, Owen, Zeng, Hongkui, Aevermann, Brian, Allemang, David, Ament, Seth, Athey, Thomas L, Baker, Cody, Baker, Katherine S, Baker, Pamela M, Bandrowski, Anita, Banerjee, Samik, Bishwakarma, Prajal, Carr, Ambrose, Chen, Min, Choudhury, Roni, Cool, Jonah, Creasy, Heather, D’Orazi, Florence, Degatano, Kylee, Dichter, Benjamin, Ding, Song-Lin, Dolbeare, Tim, Ecker, Joseph R, Fang, Rongxin, Fillion-Robin, Jean-Christophe, Fliss, Timothy P, Gee, James, Gillespie, Tom, Gouwens, Nathan, Zhang, Guo-Qiang, Halchenko, Yaroslav O, Harris, Nomi L, Herb, Brian R, Hintiryan, Houri, Hood, Gregory, Horvath, Sam, Huo, Bingxing, Jarecka, Dorota, Jiang, Shengdian, Khajouei, Farzaneh, Kiernan, Elizabeth A, Kir, Huseyin, Kruse, Lauren, Lee, Changkyu, Lelieveldt, Boudewijn, Li, Yang, Liu, Hanqing, Liu, Lijuan, Markuhar, Anup, Mathews, James, Mathews, Kaylee L, Mezias, Chris, Miller, Michael I, Mollenkopf, Tyler, Mufti, Shoaib, Mungall, Christopher J, Orvis, Joshua, Puchades, Maja A, Qu, Lei, Receveur, Joseph P, Ren, Bing, Sjoquist, Nathan, Staats, Brian, Tward, Daniel, van Velthoven, Cindy TJ, Wang, Quanxin, Xie, Fangming, Xu, Hua, Yao, Zizhen, and Yun, Zhixi
- Subjects
Biological Sciences ,Genetics ,Data Science ,Neurosciences ,Mental Health ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Neurological ,Animals ,Humans ,Mice ,Brain ,Ecosystem ,Neurons ,Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Developmental Biology ,Agricultural ,veterinary and food sciences ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences - Abstract
Characterizing cellular diversity at different levels of biological organization and across data modalities is a prerequisite to understanding the function of cell types in the brain. Classification of neurons is also essential to manipulate cell types in controlled ways and to understand their variation and vulnerability in brain disorders. The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN) is an integrated network of data-generating centers, data archives, and data standards developers, with the goal of systematic multimodal brain cell type profiling and characterization. Emphasis of the BICCN is on the whole mouse brain with demonstration of prototype feasibility for human and nonhuman primate (NHP) brains. Here, we provide a guide to the cellular and spatial approaches employed by the BICCN, and to accessing and using these data and extensive resources, including the BRAIN Cell Data Center (BCDC), which serves to manage and integrate data across the ecosystem. We illustrate the power of the BICCN data ecosystem through vignettes highlighting several BICCN analysis and visualization tools. Finally, we present emerging standards that have been developed or adopted toward Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) neuroscience. The combined BICCN ecosystem provides a comprehensive resource for the exploration and analysis of cell types in the brain.
- Published
- 2023
294. Brain Data Standards - A method for building data-driven cell-type ontologies
- Author
-
Tan, Shawn Zheng Kai, Kir, Huseyin, Aevermann, Brian D, Gillespie, Tom, Harris, Nomi, Hawrylycz, Michael J, Jorstad, Nikolas L, Lein, Ed S, Matentzoglu, Nicolas, Miller, Jeremy A, Mollenkopf, Tyler S, Mungall, Christopher J, Ray, Patrick L, Sanchez, Raymond EA, Staats, Brian, Vermillion, Jim, Yadav, Ambika, Zhang, Yun, Scheuermann, Richard H, and Osumi-Sutherland, David
- Subjects
Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD) ,Neurosciences ,Neurological ,Animals ,Humans ,Mice ,Biological Ontologies ,Brain ,Callithrix ,Data Collection - Abstract
Large-scale single-cell 'omics profiling is being used to define a complete catalogue of brain cell types, something that traditional methods struggle with due to the diversity and complexity of the brain. But this poses a problem: How do we organise such a catalogue - providing a standard way to refer to the cell types discovered, linking their classification and properties to supporting data? Cell ontologies provide a partial solution to these problems, but no existing ontology schemas support the definition of cell types by direct reference to supporting data, classification of cell types using classifications derived directly from data, or links from cell types to marker sets along with confidence scores. Here we describe a generally applicable schema that solves these problems and its application in a semi-automated pipeline to build a data-linked extension to the Cell Ontology representing cell types in the Primary Motor Cortex of humans, mice and marmosets. The methods and resulting ontology are designed to be scalable and applicable to similar whole-brain atlases currently in preparation.
- Published
- 2023
295. Large scale crowdsourced radiotherapy segmentations across a variety of cancer anatomic sites
- Author
-
Wahid, Kareem A, Lin, Diana, Sahin, Onur, Cislo, Michael, Nelms, Benjamin E, He, Renjie, Naser, Mohammed A, Duke, Simon, Sherer, Michael V, Christodouleas, John P, Mohamed, Abdallah SR, Murphy, James D, Fuller, Clifton D, and Gillespie, Erin F
- Subjects
Medical and Biological Physics ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Physical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Rare Diseases ,Breast Cancer ,Cancer ,Bioengineering ,Humans ,Female ,Radiation Oncology ,Crowdsourcing ,Neoplasms ,Tomography ,X-Ray Computed ,Radiotherapy Planning ,Computer-Assisted ,Image Processing ,Computer-Assisted - Abstract
Clinician generated segmentation of tumor and healthy tissue regions of interest (ROIs) on medical images is crucial for radiotherapy. However, interobserver segmentation variability has long been considered a significant detriment to the implementation of high-quality and consistent radiotherapy dose delivery. This has prompted the increasing development of automated segmentation approaches. However, extant segmentation datasets typically only provide segmentations generated by a limited number of annotators with varying, and often unspecified, levels of expertise. In this data descriptor, numerous clinician annotators manually generated segmentations for ROIs on computed tomography images across a variety of cancer sites (breast, sarcoma, head and neck, gynecologic, gastrointestinal; one patient per cancer site) for the Contouring Collaborative for Consensus in Radiation Oncology challenge. In total, over 200 annotators (experts and non-experts) contributed using a standardized annotation platform (ProKnow). Subsequently, we converted Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data into Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative format with standardized nomenclature for ease of use. In addition, we generated consensus segmentations for experts and non-experts using the Simultaneous Truth and Performance Level Estimation method. These standardized, structured, and easily accessible data are a valuable resource for systematically studying variability in segmentation applications.
- Published
- 2023
296. Hyperpolarized δ-[1- 13C]gluconolactone imaging visualizes response to TERT or GABPB1 targeting therapy for glioblastoma
- Author
-
Minami, Noriaki, Hong, Donghyun, Taglang, Celine, Batsios, Georgios, Gillespie, Anne Marie, Viswanath, Pavithra, Stevers, Nicholas, Barger, Carter J, Costello, Joseph F, and Ronen, Sabrina M
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Genetics ,Rare Diseases ,Cancer ,Brain Disorders ,Brain Cancer ,Humans ,Glioblastoma ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Lactones ,Diagnostic Imaging ,Brain Neoplasms ,Telomerase ,GA-Binding Protein Transcription Factor - Abstract
TERT promoter mutations are a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM). Accordingly, TERT and GABPB1, a subunit of the upstream mutant TERT promoter transcription factor GABP, are being considered as promising therapeutic targets in GBM. We recently reported that the expression of TERT or GABP1 modulates flux via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Here, we investigated whether 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of hyperpolarized (HP) δ- [1-13C]gluconolactone can serve to image the reduction in PPP flux following TERT or GABPB1 silencing. We investigated two different human GBM cell lines stably expressing shRNAs targeting TERT or GABPB1, as well as doxycycline-inducible shTERT or shGABPB1cells. MRS studies were performed on live cells and in vivo tumors, and dynamic sets of 13C MR spectra were acquired following injection of HP δ-[1-13C]gluconolactone. HP 6-phosphogluconolactone (6PG), the product of δ-[1-13C]gluconolactone via the PPP, was significantly reduced in TERT or GABPB1-silenced cells or tumors compared to controls in all our models. Furthermore, a positive correlation between TERT expression and 6PG levels was observed. Our data indicate that HP δ-[1-13C]gluconolactone, an imaging tool with translational potential, could serve to monitor TERT expression and its silencing with therapies that target either TERT or GABPB1 in mutant TERT promoter GBM patients.
- Published
- 2023
297. Lazy tournaments and multidegrees of a projective embedding of \(\overline{M}_{0,n}\)
- Author
-
Gillespie, Maria, Griffin, Sean T., and Levinson, Jake
- Subjects
Moduli spaces of curves ,projective embeddings ,multidegrees ,trivalent trees - Abstract
We consider the (iterated) Kapranov embedding \(\Omega_n:\overline{M}_{0,n+3} \hookrightarrow \mathbb{P}^1 \times \cdots \times \mathbb{P}^n\), where \(\overline{M}_{0,n+3}\) is the moduli space of stable genus \(0\) curves with \(n+3\) marked points. In 2020, Gillespie, Cavalieri, and Monin gave a recursion satisfied by the multidegrees of \(\Omega_n\) and showed, using two combinatorial insertion algorithms on certain parking functions, that the total degree of \(\Omega_n\) is \((2n-1)!!=(2n-1)\cdot (2n-3) \cdots 5 \cdot 3 \cdot 1\). In this paper, we give a new proof of this fact by enumerating each multidegree by a set of boundary points of \(\overline{M}_{0,n+3}\), via an algorithm on trivalent trees that we call a lazy tournament. The advantages of this new interpretation are twofold: first, these sets project to one another under the forgetting maps used to derive the multidegree recursion. Second, these sets naturally partition the complete set of boundary points on \(\overline{M}_{0,n+2}\), of which there are \((2n-1)!!\), giving an immediate proof of the total degree formula.Mathematics Subject Classifications: 05E14, 14N10, 05C05, 14H10, 05A19, 05C85Keywords: Moduli spaces of curves, projective embeddings, multidegrees, trivalent trees
- Published
- 2023
298. Geographic proximity to siblings in older adulthood
- Author
-
Artamonova, Alyona and Gillespie, Brian Joseph
- Published
- 2023
299. Attenuation of the acoustic noise radiated by a compressible boundary layer through injection of a vibrationally active gas
- Author
-
Gillespie, Graeme I. and Laurence, Stuart J.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
300. Pre-operative and post-operative recommendations to surgical wound care interventions: A systematic meta-review of Cochrane reviews
- Author
-
Gillespie, Brigid M, Walker, Rachel M, McInnes, Elizabeth Catherine, Moore, Zena, Eskes, Anne, O'Connor, Tom, Harbeck, Emma, White, Codi, Scott, Ian, Vermeulen, Hester, and Chaboyer, Wendy P
- Published
- 2021
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.