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Copyright of Magazine General Union of Arab Archaeologists is the property of General Union of Arab Archaeologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Middle Eastern Studies / Ortadoğu Etütleri is the property of Turkmen Cooperation & Cultural Foundation Center for Middle Eastern Strategic Studies (ORSAM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dirasat Tarbawiya is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Magazine of Historical Studies & Archaeology is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al Malweah for Archaeological & Historical Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al Malweah for Archaeological & Historical Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aimed to measuring the Efficiency of the Agricultural Economic Resources Used in Summer Tomato Production in Alexandria Governorate, the research is relied on using of some descriptive and quantitative economic analysis methods in data analysis, especially Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, based on field data collected during the 2020 season from 30 summer tomato's farmers in Alexandria Governorate. The research reached a set of results, the most important of which can be reviewed as follows: (1) The overall efficiency criteria for a feddan of summer tomatoes in the research sample are: the net return is about 12.52 thousand pounds, the income over variable costs is about 17 thousand pounds, the benefitcosts ratio is about 1.41, and the profit of the spent pound is about 0.41 pounds. (2) The average Scale Efficiency was about 95.6%, which means that the percentage of exploitation of economic resources used in production in summer tomato farms in the research sample was about 95.6%, indicating that there is a possibility of expansion of 4.4% to reach the optimum volume of production on these farms. (3) The average Technical Efficiency according to the (BCC) model is about 98.4%, and this confirms the possibility of increasing the summer tomato production by 1.6% without increasing the amount of economic resources used. (4) Inefficient farms can achieve complete technical efficiency as reference farms by reducing the economic resources used, which are: the human labor by 7.22%, the automated work hours by 8.36%, the seedlings by 2%, the fertilizer Municipal by 4.62%, nitrogen fertilizer by 4.39%, phosphate fertilizer by 4.96%, potassium fertilizer by 4.93%, and pesticides by 6.81%, while keeping the same volume of production of summer tomatoes research sample. (5) The average Allocative Efficiency of summer tomato farms was about 79.7%, which means that re-employing the used economic resources will save about 20.3% of the production cost through adopting better technology and optimal employment of resources. (6) The average Cost-Efficiency of summer tomato farms in the research sample was about 78.4%, which means that production costs can be reduced by about 21.6% of the current production costs without affecting the production level of summer tomatoes. (7) Achieving the technical efficiency of summer tomato production at the level of Alexandria Governorate the following: (a) Increasing production by 13.07 tons, with a monetary value estimated at 23.59 milliom pounds, (b) providing an area of agricultural land with a horizontal expansion of 586.12 feddans, which is equivalent to the increase achieved In production as a result of raising technical efficiency, (c) rationalizing the use of irrigation water in Alexandria, with a total of about 2.04 million m3, which is the amount of savings achieved in irrigation water that is necessary for the area of land that has been provided in Alexandria. In light of the findings of the research, it recommends the necessity; (1) Educating summer tomato farmers about the optimal the economic resources used in production to reach the optimum volume of production, (2) Reduce the prices of agricultural production inputs and provide them in a timely manner so that the farmer does not resort to the black market, (3) Issuing advisory bulletins to confront the changing climate and high temperatures in summer tomato cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current research problem is determined in the light of a set of data reflecting the position of Egyptian faculties of education, which can be summarized in the weakness of the analytical and creative competencies of many graduates of the faculties of education, and the limited use of their professional experience in the face of their educational problems. The application of the "teaching-based teacher education" approach in teacher preparation programs in the light of some influential cultural and societal factors, as a prelude to developing a proposed concept for the development of Egyptian colleges of education. The researcher used the comparative approach to the descriptions and analysis, and reached a set of procedural steps in support of the application of the research-based teacher education approach in preparing the Egyptian teacher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو إلقاء الضوء على دور علماء أسعرد و اسهاماتهم في الحركة العلمية و الفكرية في بلاد الشام و مصر خلال العهدين الايوبي و المماليك البحرية (570 – 784 هـ / 1175 – 1382 م ) ، و بيان العلوم التي برز فيه العلماء الاسعرديون، والوقوف على نتاجاتهم و اثارهم العلمية والفكرية وذلك من خلال البحث في بطون كتب التراجم والسير والطبقات فضلاً عن المصادر التاريخية المختلفة، لتحديد حجم ونسبة ومستوى مشاركة الاسعرديين في رفد الحضارة الاسلامية بالعلم و المعرفة في تلك الحقبة من التاريخ الاسلامي .

يهدف البحث إلى إبراز دور الأُمراء والقادة من الكُرد الطوران بين القرون (7-9هـ/13-15م) في إدارة الدولة المملوكية في مصر وبلاد الشام، وذلك من خلال الوظائف والمناصب التي تولاها الكُرد الطوران بما فيها النيابة والولاية والشرطة والكشوفية وما إلى ذلك. وقسم البحث فضلاً عن المقدمة والخاتمة إلى سبعة محاور، خصص المحور الأول منه للحديث عن دور الكُرد الگوران في تولي منصب نائب السلطنة في بلاد الشام خلال حقبة الدراسة، بينما ركز المحور الثاني على توليهم منصب الولاية في مصر وخاصة في القاهرة، أما المحور الثالث فتناول دورهم في تولي وظيفة الشرطة، وخصص المحور الرابع للدراسة عن دورهم في وظيفة الكشوفية، في حين تطرق المحور الخامس إلى دورهم في منصب مقدم الألف، بينما ركّز المحور السادس على دورهم في منصب أمراء الطبلخاناة، أما المحور السابع والأخير فقد تطرق إلى دورهم في وظيفة الطبردارية.

سقوط حکومت اخوانیِ مصر به رهبری محمد مُرسی در پی کودتای ارتش در سال 2013، این سازمان و به‌طور کلی آینده اسلام سیاسی را در این کشور دچار پرسش وجودی و ماهوی کرده است. نوشتار حاضر در کنار بررسی وضعیت اخوان پسا ـ کودتا و جریان‏های گوناگون و گاه مقابل هم در این سازمان، به دنبال بررسی امکان و احتمال گسست و چگونگی آن در این سازمان است. برای این منظور افزون بر طبقه‌بندی گرایش‌های کنونی و دسته‌بندی‌های درونی اخوان، در تلاش برای پاسخ به این پرسش است که: آیا اخوان امکان بازسازی دوبارة خود را دارد؟ علاوه بر این، امکان دگردیسی اخوان و تحول و تغییر پارادایم کنش این گروه به سمت رادیکالیزاسیون اسلامی ـ جهادی بررسی خواهد شد. نوشتار حاضر با مفروض گرفتن دیالکتیک سه‏گانة عوامل داخلی، منطقه‌ای و بین‌المللی، به تأثیر و تأثر این متغیرها بر آینده و تشکیلات اخوان نظر دارد. برای این منظور به جهت‏گیری بین‌المللی حول محور اخوان و تلاش‌های آنها در این زمینه به‏صورت خلاصه می‏پردازد و در پایان، سناریوهای پیشِ‏روی این گروه را در بازی سیاسی داخلی مصر پس از بررسی چگونگی و چرایی امکانِ گسستِ سازمانی در اخوان و پتانسیل انشعاب آن بررسی خواهد کرد. پژوهش حاضر از روش تحقیق کتابخانه‌ای به همراه تحلیل متون و اسناد دستِ اول موجود در کنار تحلیل گفتار شخصیت‌های اصلی اخوان، بررسی مصاحبه‌های افراد و مسئولان اخوانی و نخبگان سیاسی مصر استفاده کرده و همچنین به بررسی داده‌های میدانی و آماری موجود مرتبط نیز پرداخته است. به باور نوشتار حاضر، استفاده از یک تئوری خاص به‏منظور شناخت وضعیتِ حال حاضر راهگشا نخواهد بود و با توجه به ماهیت چندگانه بررسی کنونی، ضرورت نگرش توصیفی ـ تحلیلیِ عمیق با رویکرد طراحیِ مدل را در چرایی وضعیت حاضر، بدون وابستگی به نظریه‏ای خاص پیشنهاد می‌کند

الاقباط من المكونات الاجتماعية المهمة التي يتشكل منها الشعب المصري , وهم من المكونات الاصيلة التي لها تاريخ وجذور تمتد مع عمق الحضارة المصرية , ولان ارض مصر جمع فيها التاريخ والحضارة والاديان فقد كانت دراسة الاقباط من الاهمية بمكان لتسليط الضوء على مسيحيي مصر الذين يشكل الاقباط وجها بارزا لهم , ولهذا السبب وقع اختيارنا على هذا الموضوع , وقد ركزنا في بحثنا على الجانب السياسي لدور الاقباط في مصر لما له من اهمية كبيرة في بيان طبيعة المجتمع المصري المتوحد تحت راية المواطنة والولاء للوطن من خلال ما عرضناه في ثنايا البحث من وجود تمثيل حقيقي للاقباط في المواقع الادارية والسياسية .

مصر باستان، از اولین تمدن‌های بزرگ بشری است که آثار باستانی و نقاشی‌های فراوانی از آن بجای مانده‌است. معماری مصر باستان دارای ویژگی‌های منحصربه‌فردی بوده که برجسته‌ترین آن‌ها، وجود مقابر و معابد عظیم سنگی و به دور از شهرها است؛ در حالی‌که از شهرها و کاخ‌های آن‌ها، بدلیل استفاده از مصالح کم‌دوام، بجز چند مورد محدود که به شدت ویران شده‌اند، اثری باقی نمانده‌است. این روند در تمام دوره‌های تاریخی معماری مصر باستان دیده می‌شود.هدف از این مقاله، پیدا کردن ارتباط بین ویژگی‌های بارز معماری و هنر مصر باستان و جهان‌بینی مردم این سرزمین است. در این مقاله که به روش کیفی انجام شده، ابتدا به کمک روش مطالعه کتابخانه‌ای، به گردآوری اطلاعات مربوط به مفاهیم زمان، مرگ و دین در مصر باستان، جهت فهم جهان‌بینی آن‌ها، پرداخته شده است، سپس به کمک داده‌های بدست آمده و مشاهده آثار معماری و نقاشی، به تحلیل ارتباط میان این آثار و جهان‌بینی مردم این سرزمین پرداخته شده‌است.دو دیدگاه اصلی در جهان‌بینی مصریان باستان شامل نگاه مادی به این جهان و جهان پس از مرگ و همچنین اعتقاد به برتری و جاودانگی جهان پس از مرگ نسبت به این جهان وجود دارد که نحوه ارتباط این دو تفکر با هنر نقاشی و معماری این سرزمین بررسی و تحلیل شد.

Copyright of Revue Académique des Études Sociales et Humaines is the property of Hassif Benbouali University of Chlef and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arab Journal for Archives, Documentation & Information (AJADI) is the property of Temimi Foundation for Scientific Research & Information and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Mustansiriya Journal of Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Historical & Cultural Studies an Academic Magazine is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of the study is to improve the efficiency of production and marketing of the faba beans through the following sub-objectives: Study of the most important productive indicators of faba beans in Egypt, study the most important marketing indicators for faba bean in Egypt, Studying the current and expected status of the selfsufficiency ratios of faba beans in Egypt. The study used some statistical methods for analysis data such as percentages and some central tendency measurements (arithmetic mean, dispersion and standard deviation) Ml variation coefficient of growth as well as estimating some productivity and marketing efficiency of crop broad bean indicators, and the annual rate of change, the rate of annual growth, the study relied on secondary data published by the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics and the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the Center for Information and Decision Support. The main findings of the study were that each year the area of the faba bean decreased by 11.383 thousand faddans representing 6.62% of the average. The faba bean production decreased by 14.209 thousand faddans representing 6.15% of the annual average. The productivity of the faba bean increased by 7 kg/faddan Representing an average of 0.52% of the annual average. The consumption of faba bean is 4.12 tons/fad., representing 0.66% of its annual average, and the per capita fed by 0.24 kg/year is 4.37% of its annual average 18.33 thousand tons, representing 4.68% of their annual average, and the percentage of self-sufficiency is decreasing and the food security coefficient was below the correct unit and approaching zero, indicating a decline in food security in Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Populus is a fast growing tree that attract the attention of people. This genus provides environment protection due to their ability in carbon sequestration, phytoremediation and wildlife inhabitant. Populus species are widely used as a source of wood, veneer, paper and bioenergy. This survey study aimed to identify the current status of Populus species inhabiting four different governorates of the Egyptian territories. In this survey, four different locations were surveyed, i.e. Cairo, Giza, Qaliobia and Gharbia governorates. According to the site survey, five species of Populus were found. Research findings indicate that the length and diameter of the trees varied according to various species in various localities. Selected trees of various species were subjected to different morphological, chemical parameters and genetic assessments. P. deltoides from Giza in addition to P. deltoides and P. nigra from Cairo gave somewhat close relation in their vegetative parameters. Furthermore, both P. nigra and P. alba from Gharbia location gave high similarity due to overall vegetative parameters and also both P. euramericana female from the Gharbia and P. nigra from Qaliobia. Genetic diversity was analyzed using molecular markers. Three different Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were used for the reaction (17899A, 17899B and HB13). ISSR primers markers yielded 67.5% polymorphic loci among the surveyed species and cluster analysis enabled separation of these populations on the basis of their genetic distances. P. euramericana female and male from Giza showed close relation at morphological level. From this study it can be concluded that: firstly; leaf parameters i.e. leaf area width and length were suitable for identifying the differences among species, and secondly; genetic analysis using molecular markers was enough to discriminate between species. Our results finally suggest that Populus species possess genetic variation and can adapt to new environmental conditions, which in its self-valuable information would potentially lead to promising applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al Malweah for Archaeological & Historical Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Human Sciences (19922876) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Study of social capital still need more precise theoretical and methodological efforts; even we can benefit from its outcomes. This article has aimed to ensure that social capital exist in rural area;and, which cultural and social conditions encourage social capital to work in rural context? and which outcomes can beyield? For attempt these goals;A causal model was designed from several perspectives to be testable, this causal model consisted of 7 exogenous and endogenous variables; these variables are grouped into three groups as follow; the first group consist of generalized trust; norms of reciprocity; flow of information; cooperation of community; and conflict of community as exogenous variables; the second group consist of social capital as intervening and exogenous variable; and the third group consist of outcomes of development as endogenous variable. Random multiple-stage and simple random sample was chosen; Thissample was consisted of 300 respondents from heads of rural household. A questionnaire and personal interview techniques were utilized to collect data.To examine the goodness of fit of the causal model; Multivariate multiple regression analysis was used. Results indicate that the main variables which havethe strongest uniquecontributions andcausal direct effect in the modified model are the flow of information and generalized trust. These findings consist with the main social capital conceptual frameworks such as Bourdieu, Coleman, Putnam, Ports, and Häuberer. The implications of these results for understanding the antecedents and outcomes of social capitalare discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of the research is to identify the current status of agricultural investment in Egypt in both public and private sectors and to increase the agricultural sector in Egypt during the period 1996-2018 through studying the development of agricultural investments and their importance for national investments, estimating the coefficient of non- and measuring the efficiency of agricultural investments in Egypt using economic criteria, estimating the role of agricultural investment in the growth of the agricultural sector using the Harod-Domar model, estimating the performance of agricultural investment and the surrounding factors affecting agro- Using the Klein Model. The research was carried out to achieve the previous objectives of descriptive and quantitative analysis methods, especially when estimating the econometric criteria to determine the efficiency of investment distribution in the agricultural sector, estimating the simple and multiple regression relationships, and using the Harod-Domar model to identify the role of private agricultural investment in achieving growth rates agricultural income. The necessary data were obtained from published and unpublished data obtained from the annual publications of the economic and social development plans of the Ministry of Economic Development, as well as the Ministry of Economic Development website Mechanism. The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics. The most important results of the research were the increase in the value of public agricultural investments, the increase in the value of private agricultural investments and the increase in the value of the total agricultural investments in Egypt during the period 2000-2018, as evidenced by the estimation of instability coefficients for national public investments, private national investments, The overall instability and instability coefficients for public agricultural investments, private agricultural investments and gross agricultural investments are not stable. The ROI criterion shows that investments targeted at the agricultural sector the efficiency of the investments was more than the correct one, and the return on investment criterion showed a decrease in the efficiency of investment directed to the agricultural sector, in the total and in the private sector, while the efficiency of the public sector is shown. This may be attributed to the variation in both the agricultural production costs and the prices of agricultural products, as well as the increase in the productivity of the agricultural investment unit. The agricultural investment in the public sector indicates that there is an efficiency in private sector investments compared to the public sector. The negative sign indicates that agricultural investments in the current year are lower than agricultural investments in the previous year and that agricultural GDP in this year is lower than agricultural GDP and it was found that the coefficient of endowment in agricultural investments in the public sector was greater than the correct one. This indicates the lack of efficiency in the investments directed to this sector, while less than the right one in private agricultural investments and investment this indicates that there is efficiency in this sector and that the contribution of the public sector to the GDP was lower than that of the private sector in GDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to know and analyze technical characteristics of herring processing project and the current situation of this project in Egypt from production, consumption, foreign trade, problems that facing their producers and estimate indicators of economics efficiency, and feasibility of investment. This study depended on secondary date and primary data questionnaire for indended sample included 8 processing units. The main results indicated that although annual production fixed in Egypt from herring, this value increased with annual rate of 11.87% which equal 2.95 million LE in study period (2000- 2014). Results also showed that, increasing in consumption available with annual rate 8.14% which equal to 180 ton annually. It related to decrease self-suffciency rate annually with 6.08%, respectively, profitability indicators indicated that herring factories achieved positive net profit with 8.37 thousand LE ton in average, that indicated to make such projects in long time, product margin was 22.45% from primary price. The results indicated that investment efficiency and economics efficiency were profitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egyptian marine fish production has declined in recent years as a result of many factors affecting this production, which requires identifying this problem and identifying its causes, and identifying the most important obstacles and working on its development. This research aims in particular to shed light on the nature of the economic structure of fish in marine fisheries (Mediterranean and Red Sea) to identify its current and future potential. The results of the study showed the relative importance of the fishery economic resources in the Egyptian marine fisheries, where the exploited area of these fisheries accounted for 31.8% of the total area of Egyptian fisheries . Fish production accounts for about 6% of Egypt's total fish production, while fish income accounts for about 8.5% of Egypt's total fish income during 2016. Fish production from Egyptian marine fisheries has shown a decreasing overall trend, beacouse of the problems and constraints that cause their production to decline. Regarding the specific factors of fish production in marine fisheries, the study reviewed the technological and capital factors (number of fishing boats), human factors (number of fishers), economic factors (average price per ton of fish), and statistical analysis to show their impact on fish production in marine fisheries. The study shows that fish production in marine fisheries is subject to seasonal productivity fluctuations due to many natural factors including light, sea currents, salinity and temperature. The seasonal index of Mediterranean fisheries was estimated to be 1.7 what means that these fisheries are exposed to medium seasonal fluctuations during the period (2012-2016), as well as for the Red Sea.The seasonal index has reached 3.39 what means the fisheries exposedto severe seasonal fluctuations during the same period. The study examined the fish catch composition and relative importance in marine fisheries Mediterranean and red sea. The Schaefer (1954) model was used to estimate the optimal production of marine fisheries and to determine the fishing effort that preserves marine fisheries from depletion. The model showed that the maximum production of marine fisheries can be cached without disturbance (MSY) is estimated at 129.6 thousand tons of fish at an optimum level of fishing effort (Fmax) estimated at 4025 boat. Thus, there is evidence of overfishing of marine fisheries for the years 2001, 2002, 2007 and 2008, For the optimum in those years With 133.2, 132.5, 13.7 and 136.2 thousand tons, respectively, reflecting that marine fisheries do not absorb these numbers of fishing boats. In order to obtain optimum production, efforts must be made to reduce the fishing effort to maintain the size of fish stocks from these fisheries. The study reviewed several points of methods and means of preserving marine fisheries for the sustainable development of these fisheries. The Future Situation of Egyptian Marine Fisheries will be reach to about 250 thousand tons, according to the strategy of fish development 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Economic & Social Science is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

يتضمن هذا التقرير توثيقًا لأبرز محطات التحول الديمقراطي في الوطن العربي خلال . المدة 1 كانون الثاني/ يناير- 28 شباط/ فبراير 2019 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab Journal of Science & Research Publishing is the property of Mussasat Al-Majallah Al-Arabiyah lil-Ulum Wa-Nashr Al-Abhath and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

سلفیه جریانی در میان مسلمانان است که به پیروی بی‌چون‌وچرا از عملکرد سلف، یعنی مسلمانان سنی قرون اولیه، اعتقاد دارد. با وجود این، جریان سلفی یک‌دست نیست و در داخل خود حرکت‌های متنوعی را پرورانده است. یکی از مهم‌ترین جریان‌های داخلی سلفیه، جریان سلفیه علمی یا آلبانی است که در نیمه دوم قرن بیستم توسط شیخ محمد آلبانی در سوریه و عربستان شکل گرفت. این جریان در دهه هفتاد میلادی، همزمان با رونق اندیشههای سلفی در مصر، به این کشور وارد شد. اندیشه اصلی این حرکت این بود که مسلمانان از حقیقت اسلام به دور افتاده‌اند و باید در شناخت مجدد اسلام با استفاده از احادیث صحیح بکوشند و از فعالیت سیاسی دوری کنند. در این نوشتار به اندیشه‌ها، چگونگی شکل‌گیری، گسترش این حرکت در مصر و افراد و مراکز مؤثر بر این گسترش پرداخته شده است. روش این تحقیق کتابخانه‌ای است و از منابع اصلی، تحقیقات، مطالعات و زندگینامه‌های افراد به صورت بیوگرافی و اتوبیوگرافی، بهره گرفته شده است. در این پژوهش نتایج زیر به دست آمده است: ۱. این حرکت در اسکندریه شکل گرفت؛ چراکه این شهر دومین شهر بزرگ مصر و محل فعالیت‌های جمعیت‌های دیگر سلفی بود؛ ۲. از آنجا که این حرکت در دانشگاه شکل گرفت، به جناح علمی سلفیه تمایل یافت؛ ۳. رهبران آن اصالتاً شهری ـ و نه مهاجران روستایی ـ بودند؛ ۴. این رهبران در سنین پایین جذب اندیشه‌های سلفی شده بودند.

Arap dünyasında kendisini "selefî" olarak tanımlayan hareketlerin ortaya çıkışı yaklaşık bir asır öncesine dayanmaktadır. Ortaya çıktıkları bölgelere göre kendi içinde küçük de olsa bir takım farklılıklar barındıran bu hareketleri daha çok Mısır'da "cemâatleşme" imkânı bulmuşlardır. Diğer taraftan 2011 yılında Tunus'ta başlayıp kısa bir süre içinde Mısır, Libya, Suriye ve Yemen'de devam eden halk isyanları sonucunda Arap dünyasında yeni bir dönem başladı. Arap ve Afrika coğrafyasının en önemli ülkesi olan Mısır'da yaşanan yeni süreçle birlikte, legal siyaset yapma imkânı bulan tüm toplumsal kesimler, hızla partileşerek siyaset arenasındaki yerini aldı. Hiç Şüphesiz bu kesimle içinde Selefî hareketler diğerlerine göre daha fazla ilgi odağı haline geldi. Daha önceleri aktif siyasetten uzak duran ve daha çok eğitim, dâvet ve diğer sosyal faaliyetlerde bulunan ve demokrasi, seçim veya parlamento gibi mekanizmaları dinî açıdan sakıncalı gördükleri için kabul etmeyen Selefîler, hızlı bir şekilde birçok siyasî parti kurarak politikaya atıldılar. Bu makalede 25 Ocak devrimiyle birlikte Mısır'da siyasî hayata atılan Selefîlerin devrim öncesi yapılşarı, fikirleri ve devrim sonrası kurdukları partiler ile siyasî tutum ve görüşleri üzerinde durulacaktır.

هدف: این مطالعه در پی ارزیابی تطبیقی تولیدهای علمی نمایه‌شده ایران، ترکیه، مصر و پاکستان در میان سال­های 2002 تا 2012 با استفاده از شاخص­ها و آمارهای پایگاه اطلاعات علمی ESI می‌باشد. روش‌شناسی: نوع پژوهش حاضر، کاربردی بوده که با استفاده از روش­شناسی علم‌سنجی انجام‌گرفته‌است. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی (فراوانی، درصد و میانگین) و آمار استنباطی (آزمون همبستگی پیرسون و آزمون تعقیبی توکی) از طریق به­کارگیری نرم‌افزار آماری SPSS، نسخه 20 انجام‌شد. جامعه پژوهش، کشورهای اسلامی «ایران، ترکیه، مصر و پاکستان» هستند. یافته‌ها: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان‌می­دهند که از نظر سهم تولیدهای علمی و میزان استنادها، به‌ترتیب، کشورهای ترکیه، ایران، مصر و پاکستان قراردارند؛ ولی در رتبه­بندی براساس متوسط میزان استناد به یک مقاله، کشور ایران پس از ترکیه، مصر و پاکستان قرارگرفته‌است؛ در متوسط میزان استناد به یک مقاله نیز، ترکیه در یازده رشته از رشته­های 22گانه پایگاه در بالاترین جایگاه و در دو رشته در پایین­ترین جایگاه و کشور ایران در یک رشته در بالاترین جایگاه و در ده رشته در پایین­ترین جایگاه، به‌ترتیب «بهترین و ضعیف‌ترین» عملکرد را داشته­اند. حوزه­های موضوعی برخوردار از مقالات داغ هریک از کشورها نیز، ایران (9)، ترکیه (7)، پاکستان (5) و مصر (4) شناسایی­شده‌اند؛ همچنین [در] حوزه­های موضوعی پراستناد برای هریک از کشورها نیز، ترکیه (22)، ایران (20)، پاکستان (19) و مصر (16)، شناسایی شده‌اند و رابطه‌ای مثبت و معنی‌دار میان سهم مقالات علمی و میزان استنادهای این چهار کشور مشاهده‌می­شود؛ نتایج آزمون تعقیبی توکی نیز نشان‌داد که میانگین سهم مقالات و استنادهای کشور ترکیه از کشورهای پاکستان و مصر، بیشتر است و در سایر موارد، تفاوتی معنی­دار مشاهده‌نشده‌است. نتیجه‌گیری: بررسی‌ها نشان‌می­دهند که در مقایسه با کشورهای اسلامی پیشرو در تولید علم، رشد مقالات علمی ایران از لحاظ علمی، چشمگیر است؛ درصورتی‌که میزان رشد استنادها در وضعیتی مطلوب قرارندارد.

Copyright of Menoufia Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study adopts a comparative approach to investigate the impact of the reciprocal fears of internal and external parties on the stances of key actors during the 2011 transitions. Apparently, the uncertainty that accompanies any democratic elections has not been a local factor in the Arab cases because regional and international forces have an interest in hindering democracy, being a potential threat to the status quo. The study examines four interrelated problems related to external factors. It concludes that the external factors that have hindered democracy in non-Arab cases were not inevitable because addressing them seems to have been related to changes in the international system and the emergence of domestic democratic blocs that are able to exert pressure on external forces and get them to change their positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the impact of US aid on Egypt’s democratic transition process following the January 2011 revolution. It uses a broader theoretical and analytical framework to explain the role of external forces in the democratic transition in authoritarian countries, specifically looking at US policy towards the spread of democracy in Arab countries and, focusing on Egypt. The study also assesses the scale, objectives and impact of US aid provided to Egypt after the revolution. It is premised on the principle that the quantitative nature of aid may help better understand the priorities of US foreign policy among other factors. The study concludes by recommending the management of the public debate on the role of US aid to spread democracy in Egypt, in light of results revealing the scale, spending avenues and the potential impact of such aid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Agronematology is the property of Egyptian Society for Agronematology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Strategy & Development Review is the property of Strategy & Development Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)