Search

Based on his experience, the author summarizes what reference/collection development librarians and library users want and expect from aggregator databases, and what's needed from database vendors and from librarians to meet these expectations. Particularly important are content quality, reliability, modularity, and affordability, interface simplicity and flexibility, and reliable congruence between and integration of print and electronic editions. From vendors, librarians should demand more and better content guarantees, purchase options, communication of content details and changes, full-text searching, and persistent URLs for individual titles. Librarians should provide analyzed cataloging and holdings for all titles in aggregator databases, keep these records current, fully integrate them with records for print and other electronic editions, and incorporate them into web catalogs, in addition to providing other web access tools such as browsable title lists.

Summary Early in 1997, full Web access was added to Babson Library's public workstations. In a few short months, library computers became a mecca for neighborhood youth. The library's “open door” philosophy and Springfield College's strategic vision to strengthen campus/community ties brought the library to the forefront of actively developing services for community youth. An outreach program for community youth was designed to address the issue of computer access. The development of the program involved the entire library and provided an opportunity for collaborative interaction among the library, related campus programs, and community agencies. Its impact on the library brought to the forefront the debate between “academic service” and “community service.”

With the emerging need for ubiquitous access to information, web access from mobile clients is gaining increasing importance. Unfortunately, the underlying protocols of the web are not designed to support operations from a resource poor platform in a low bandwidth, disconnection prone environment. Efforts to create systems to support mobile browsing have typically been proxydbased. However, such solutions have recently been criticized due to their nondscalability. Developments in ad hoc networking also threaten the viability of proxydbased approaches. In this paper, we critically examine the proxydbased approach and its place in mobile access to the web in particular, and networked multimedia information in general. We argue for a hybrid approach that uses both proxydbased and end–end techniques as appropriate, suggest when each is more appropriate, and present a preliminary implementation.

Neuroendocrine Tumors (NET) are rare tumors. Massive information regarding the disease has to exchange in a few days during admission. As the disease is rare only sparse information are available in Danish. No studies regarding NET-patients and their information needs have been located and it seems as an under-researched area of cancer management. Our aim was to identify NET patients' need for: information after establishment of the diagnosis; the needs for further Web-based information and the demands for a National Patients' Association (NPA). A survey including 39 NET-patients treated at Aarhus University Hospital was conducted. The result shows that < 50% was given written information regarding NET. A total of 68% had Web access and were active users of the Internet; 95% of patients' ≤ 65 years had Web access and all Web users responded positively towards a Danish homepage. A total of 72% would welcome an NPA. The results indicate the need for additional written and Web-based information in Danish. De...

In this article, Simon Heron of Network Box considers the requirement to change security policy to treat outbound connections in the same way as inbound. It assesses the threat to company security from inside the network, including malware, tunnelling applications, and man-in-the-middle attacks. The use of signatures, walled garden and raw IP format blocking are considered, along with the option of blocking outbound ports except those to secure proxies such as DNS, SMTP email and so on, forcing all web access through a web proxy for control and policy enforcement. A long time ago, I installed my first firewall and took the unusual approach at the time of blocking all incoming ports below 1024 and only opening up those incoming connections that the company needed. Back then, it was far more common to allow all incoming connections and to block only certain specified ports (such as telnet, rsh etc.). It seems incredible now that that was a realistic approach to perimeter security.

In support of a continuing program of systematic evaluation of nuclear structure data and basic research in nuclear physics, the National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) maintains a complete computer file of references to the nuclear physics literature-the Nuclear Science References (NSR). Each reference is tagged by a keyword string, which indicates the kinds of data contained in the article. The NSR file contains complete keyword indexes to literature published since 1969, with partial indexing of older references. In 1966, the first collection of Recent References was published as a separate issue of Nuclear Data Sheets. Since 1993, Recent References has been published on an annual basis as the December issue of Nuclear Data Sheets. The present issue includes entries made to the NSR file between December 5, 1998 and December 3, 1999. NNDC continues to respond to individual requests for special bibliographies on nuclear physics topics, in addition to those easily obtained from Recent References. If the required information is available from the keyword string, a reference list can be prepared automatically from the computer files by online access to the NSR File. Web access to the NNDC databases is available at http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/. A current copy of the NSR file more » may also be obtained in a standard format from NNDC. Requests for special searches of the NSR file may also be directed to the NNDC. « less

UNLABELLED Although the Internet has been described as "ubiquitous," little is known about the extent to which physicians have access to the Internet while providing clinical care. OBJECTIVE To assess the extent of Internet connectivity within the clinical area of every ED within the state of Illinois. METHODS This was a prospective observational study. Each Illinois ED listed in a published directory was called by telephone, and a responsible party was identified to provide information regarding the type and size of the ED, patient demographics, the types of personal computers (PCs) available in the ED (if any), the types of operating systems used, the availability of access to the World Wide Web (Web), and the highest speed at which an Internet connection could be established. Responses regarding the presence and types of PCs and the types of operating systems used were assessed using one-factor chi-square. Univariate and multivariate predictors of the type of PC used, the presence or absence of Web access, and the highest speed of Internet access were evaluated using optimal discriminant analysis and nonlinear classification tree analysis, respectively. RESULTS One hundred ninety-eight of the 199 EDs in the state of Illinois (99.5%) completed the survey. Of the responding EDs, 50.5% had PCs, but only 17.6% had Web access. When Web access was available, it was most often available through a high-speed Internet connection that was faster than a dial-up modem. Most departments (68.1%) with PCs used the Windows 95 or Windows 98 operating systems. A majority (62.5%) used the Netscape browser exclusively. Larger EDs (more than six ED beds) in rural or suburban areas were more likely to have a PC compared with smaller EDs (six or fewer beds). Large EDs (more than 12 ED beds) in private tertiary care or academic hospitals were most likely to have Web access. CONCLUSIONS Although half of Illinois EDs have PCs, only one in six has access to the Internet; thus, most emergency physicians do not have ready access to the Web from the site where they deliver clinical care.

In the summer of 1998, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill conducted a pilot project for electronic reserves using Contec North America's ‘C3’ e-reserve system. This paper discusses how the pilot project was implemented, including equipment required for the system, types of materials placed on reserve, and problems encountered and solved. It also examines the areas that will determine the future of e-reserves at UNC-CH, copyright management, web access, and the incorporation of multi-media and online articles.

Summary As librarians become more familiar with the World Wide Web and its potential as a resource tool, it is increasingly important that they are able provide Web access suited to their and their users' needs. This workshop provided general guidelines as well as guidelines geared to technical services departments for the design, creation and maintenance of Web-pages.

In recent years the World Wide Web WWW has become an immensely popular and powerful medium To attract more users many web sites o er personalized services whereby users identify themselves and register their information preferences On return visits they conveniently receive a personalized selection of information However personalized services raise user concerns with respect to convenience and privacy

Keio University adopted the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science (WoS) in 1998. Wo offers web access to Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index Expanded, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index Expanded, and it offers unique capabilities for conducting bibliographic data searching and cited reference searching. ISI has also announced new products. Journal Citation Reports on the Web and ISI Links. This paper describes experiences with WoS at the Medical Information and Media Center of Keio University, the special features of WoS, and the prospects for making Wos available to Japanese medical libraries.

West Virginia faces geographic obstacles and economic problems in providing quality higher eduction to its residents. Marshall University (MU) and Marshall University Graduate College (MUGC) merged on July 1, 1997 and are integrating their library services including those to rural and distance learners. Beyond traditional document delivery, both institutions are focusing on electronic resources and Web access. MU and MUGC are making significant efforts to enhance the electronic infrastructure and have developed strategies to take advantage of the recent merger by combining services.

CLOUDY is a large‐scale spectral synthesis code designed to simulate fully physical conditions within an astronomical plasma and then predict the emitted spectrum. Here we describe version 90 (C90) of the code, paying particular attention to changes in the atomic database and numerical methods that have affected predictions since the last publicly available version, C84. The computational methods and uncertainties are outlined together with the direction future development will take. The code is freely available and is widely used in the analysis and interpretation of emission‐line spectra. Web access to the Fortran source for CLOUDY, its documentation Hazy, and an independent electronic form of the atomic database is also described.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:31:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Deivis Fernandes Pirani.pdf: 1504986 bytes, checksum: e4989c06d3fc9c76df085862e18609d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-07 This paper shows a field-trial investigation comparing the use of IPv4 and IPv6 protocols on web pages access considering the real user perspective and the transition period from IPv4 to IPv6. To perform this study, it was developed a testbed in which three adressing configurations of Internet Protocol, IPv4, IPv6, and Duas Stack (IPv4+IPv6), were used to access the top 100 world most visited web pages with an IPv6 enabled address. In addiction, several software tools were developed, that enabled more than 600 simultaneous accesses between IPv4, IPv6 and Dual Stack, to each of these pages. Those accesses were performed every hour during the period of a month, enabling to obtain more than 20 GB of information on the web access. Results showed that lower loading times obtained by IPv6 and Dual Stack are related to the partial acquisition of the content. In fact, for IPv6, the number of web pages with faster loading times goes from 57 to 20% when the average number of bytes obtained by IPv6 and the IPv4 is similar. For Dual Stack the number goes from 25 to 5% given the same conditions. It was also noted that 18 of the 100 pages which were considered, no content would be presented to the user in more than 50% of the performed accesses. Regarding the preference for IPv6 instead of IPv4, on Dual Stack it was observed that 90% of the acquired content for 27 of 100 web pages was made by IPv6. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de campo, comparativo, sobre a utiliza??o dos protocolos IPv4 e IPv6 no acesso a p?ginas web. Foi considerada a perspectiva de um usu?rio real deste tipo de servi?o, no atual per?odo de transi??o do IPv4 para o IPv6. Para que tal estudo pudesse ser realizado, foi desenvolvido um arranjo no qual tr?s configura??es de endere?amento do Protocolo de Internet, IPv4, IPv6 e Pilha Dupla (IPv4+IPv6), foram utilizadas nos acessos ?s 100 p?ginas web, com suporte ao I v6, mundialmente mais visitadas. Al?m disso, foram desenvolvidas uma s?rie de shell scripts que possibilitaram mais de 600 acessos simult?neos do IPv4, IPv6 e Pilha Dupla, a cada uma dessas p?ginas. Tais acessos foram executados de hora em hora, durante o per?odo de um m?s, possibilitando a obten??o de mais de 20 GB de informa??es relativas ao acesso web. Os resultados do estudo mostraram que os tempos de carregamento menores obtidos pelo IPv6 e pela Pilha Dupla, est?o relacionados com a aquisi??o parcial do conte?do. De fato, para o IPv6, o n?mero de p?ginas web com tempos de carregamento menores diminui de 57 para 20% quando a m?dia do n?mero de bytes obtidos pelo IPv6 e pelo IPv4 ? similar. Para a Pilha Dupla, dadas as mesmas condi??es, o n?mero diminui de 25 para 5%. Tamb?m foi observado que para 18 das 100 p?ginas web consideradas, nenhum conte?do foi apresentado ao usu?rio em mais de 50% dos acessos efetuados. Com rela??o ? prefer?ncia pelo IPv6 ao IPv4, na Pilha Dupla, observou-se que 90% da aquisi??o do conte?do, de 27 das 100 p?ginas web, ocorreu pelo IPv6.

Collocations are groups of words which are co-occurring more often than appearing separately. They also include phrases that give a new meaning to a group of unrelated words. This thesis is aimed to find collocations in large data and to create a database that allows their retrieval. The Pointwise Mutual Information, a value based on word frequency, is computed for finding the collocations. Words with the highest value of PMI are considered candidates for good collocations. Chosen collocations are stored in a database in a format that allows searching with Apache Lucene. A part of the thesis is to create a Web user interface as a quick and easy way to search collocations. If this service is fast enough and the collocations are good, translators will be able to use it for finding proper equivalents in the target language. Students of a foreign language will also be able to use it to extend their vocabulary. Such database will be created independently in several languages including Czech and English. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The explosive growth of the Web toward the end of the 20th century led to web scale data, particularly log files. Suddenly, everyone who had a web site generated lots and lots of web access logs that were initially used as to debug problems with a web site. Eventually, organizations realized that web access logs were a rich source of information about their customers and potential customers. Click stream analysis offered insights into customer behavior within a web site, and search query analysis offered examples of products and services most important to customers.

In recent times, Web usage mining has attracted significant attention due to its large number of applications. Existing Web usage mining approaches determine the significance of a Web access pattern by computing its support or utility, considering the entire span time of the database. The discovered frequent and high-utility patterns are treated as significant patterns and they reflect users’ interest based on support and utility constraints. However, in reality, users’ interest of a pattern is dynamic and varies from time to time. Because of this, there may be changes in web page access and its browsing time in a web access pattern at any point of time. Hence, it is essential and useful to analyze how changes in users’ interest affect the significance of the discovered patterns at any point of time in the database. With this idea, we propose an efficient algorithm to address the problems restricted in the existing approaches such as (1) discovery of Web access patterns with support and/or utility constraints (2) analyzing users’ interest of the discovered patterns with period constraint. The proposed algorithm uses a structure called web access pattern with support and utility (WAPSU) tree to represent the database in a compressed form and mines frequent and/or high-utility patterns from the tree efficiently.

Sequential pattern mining, which discovers frequent subsequences as patterns in a sequence database, has been a focused theme in data mining research for over a decade. This problem has broad applications, such as mining customer purchase patterns and Web access patterns. However, it is also a challenging problem since the mining may have to generate or examine a combinatorially explosive number of intermediate subsequences. Abundant literature has been dedicated to this research and tremendous progress has been made so far. This chapter will present a thorough overview and analysis of the main approaches to sequential pattern mining.

Speech-enabled dialogue systems have the potential to enhance the ease with which blind individuals can interact with the Web beyond what is possible with screen readers - the currently available assistive technology which narrates the textual content on the screen and provides shortcuts to navigate the content. In this paper, we present a dialogue act model towards developing a speech enabled browsing system. The model is based on the corpus data that was collected in a wizard-of-oz study with 24 blind individuals who were assigned a gamut of browsing tasks. The development of the model included extensive experiments with assorted feature sets and classifiers; the outcomes of the experiments and the analysis of the results are presented.

An electronic commerce Website is successful if it achieves the purpose for which it has been created. In this chapter we objectively assess the success of a real Website in terms of its pages’ ability to attract customers. The analysis is conducted using web access logs and sales data. Existing measures of the success of different pages on a site are employed with respect to the aims of the site owner. The pages of different products are also compared in terms of their success on the site and sales figures. A segmentation of the customers was performed according to usage and sales profile. Finally, the success of product pages in the different segments was analyzed.

Today most of the information in all areas is available over the web. It increases the web utilization as well as attracts the interest of researchers to improve the effectiveness of web access and web utilization. As the number of web clients gets increased, the bandwidth sharing is performed that decreases the web access efficiency. Web page prefetching improves the effectiveness of web access by availing the next required web page before the user demand. It is an intelligent predictive mining that analyze the user web access history and predict the next page. In this work, vague improved markov model is presented to perform the prediction. In this work, vague rules are suggested to perform the pruning at different levels of markov model. Once the prediction table is generated, the association mining will be implemented to identify the most effective next page. In this paper, an integrated model is suggested to improve the prediction accuracy and effectiveness., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Survey (IJCSES) Vol.5, No.2, April 2014

Campus-wide access to the Internet at the University of California, Santa Barbara inspired the Library and Counseling & Career Services to collaborate on “Net-ing a Job”, an Internet-based workshop for student job-seekers. When Web access became available in 1995, the workshop was redesigned to reflect a career advising process. This column describes the design and presentation of the workshop, showing how it reflects the resources and expertise of both campus departments.

The NSF-funded Data Sets and Inquiry in Geoscience Education project (DIGS) developed a set of curriculum modules comprising units and assessments in which students use real geospatial visualizations and data sets to conduct extended inquiry on plate tectonics and local climate change. As befits the differences in research on the two topics, the modules present data-centered inquiry tasks that vary in the amounts of structure inherent in the problems the students are asked to solve. Yet, both modules use presorted authentic data, lead students through scripted yet open-ended investigations, and provide implementation supports through scoring guides, teacher directions, and all-inclusive student and teacher Web access to the materials. This chapter describes how the modules have educative value for teachers by exemplifying contrasting curriculum models for data-based inquiry, by showing how driving purposes that stimulate student thinking and expression can be articulated, and by showing how scaffolding can be strategically employed to enable successful student inquiry.

This study aimed at evaluating how doing poetry could affect students' understanding of medical practice and at assessing the effectiveness of the evaluation method used. Qualitative research was carried out on the experiences of medical students participating in a poetry workshop, followed by some quantitative analysis. The study was conducted at Peninsula Medical School and St Ives, Cornwall, UK, with three medical students, a poet and a pathologist as participants. Data were collected by interviews, observation and web access. "Doing poetry" with a professional poet was found to assist communication between doctors and patients as it enhanced skills of observation, heightened awareness of the effect of language and fostered deep reflection. Poetry was also found to offer an outlet for medics and patients. The voluntary workshop attracted three participants; however, it might have had an effect on the wider student community because the poetry website received 493 hits in four months. Qualitative methods worked well as a tool for evaluation. "Doing poetry for poetry's sake" seemed to foster the development of skills related to empathy. The opportunity to do poetry should be made available to medical students as part of a wider arts and humanities programme.

Electronic Integrated Disease Surveillance System (EIDSS) improves one-health surveillance in medical, veterinary and environmental sectors by providing a capability to rapidly collect disseminate and analyze data on infectious diseases. In this showcase the system is demonstrated on CCHF research example from Kazakhstan. It covers all steps of the process including a data gathering on human cases on the district levels using handhelds, web access or desktop applications, conducting vector surveillance campaigns for ticks investigations, linking laboratory results, sharing the data across organizations and a one-click integrated analysis of epidemiological situation with CCHF for epidemiologists on national and regional level.

Web access on mobile platforms already constitutes a significant (> 20%) share of web traffic [3]. Furthermore, this share is projected to even surpass access from laptops and desktops [11]. In conjunction with this growth, user expectations for the performance of mobile applications and websites is also growing rapidly [15]. Surveys show that 71% of users expect websites to load almost as quickly as their desktops and 33% of annoyed users are likely to go to a competitor's site leading to loss of ad- and click-based revenue streams [1].

With the fastest growth of World Wide Web it is quite difficult to track and understand users’ need for the owners of a website. Hence, an intelligent analyzer is proposed to find out the browsing patterns of a user. Moreover the pattern, which is revealed from this deluge of web access logs must be interesting, useful, and understandable. In this paper, a two phases learning algorithm with a modified kernel for radial basis function neural networks is proposed to classify the web pages on time of access and region of access. In phase one a meta-heuristic approach known as differential evolution is used to reveal the parameters of the modified kernel. The second phase focus on optimization of weights for learning the networks. The simulation result shows that the proposed learning mechanism is evidently producing better classification accuracy vis-a-vis radial basis function neural networks.

In addition to the efforts undertaken by research institutions to generate new knowledge and technologies, it is also necessary to promote the results of this research. Specifically, there is a need for an information system that aggregates, organizes and systematizes information about agro-energy technology and makes it available on the Internet. Despite the abundance of information circulating on the internet in Brazil, a specific method for sharing valid scientific and technological information of practical interest, such as technical guidance and recommendations for processing various materials and production technologies for various forms of agro-energy, has not yet been established. This article presents the Agro-energy Tree of Knowledge, a tool developed by Embrapa to enable web access to comprehensive information about bioenergy production systems applied in different regions and conditions, in addition to texts, publications, statistical data about production and economic markets and information links related to agro-energy.

The Internet Archive’s (IA) Wayback Machine is the largest and oldest public web archive and has become a significant repository of our recent history and cultural heritage. Despite its importance, there has been little research about how it is discovered and used. Based on web access logs, we analyze what users are looking for, why they come to IA, where they come from, and how pages link to IA. We find that users request English pages the most, followed by the European languages. Most human users come to web archives because they do not find the requested pages on the live web. About 65% of the requested archived pages no longer exist on the live web. We find that more than 82% of human sessions connect to the Wayback Machine via referrals from other web sites, while only 15% of robots have referrers. Most of the links (86%) from websites are to individual archived pages at specific points in time, and of those 83% no longer exist on the live web.

We present a study conducted in rural Northern Ghana about issues around the marketing of agricultural products and the need of mobile-based ICT solutions. The need for the spread of information and web access to communities in developing countries has given rise to the design and development of numerous ICT solutions, many of which have focused on the recent increase of mobile usage in developing countries. The contributions of this paper are: 1) Empirical results from a field survey run in Northern Ghana, which points to issues of a lack of buyers, low price offers and lack of transportation to sale points as the main issues in marketing of agricultural products and also points to the potential for mobile-based ICT solutions to mitigate the pertinent issues within the case study, but also in other areas. 2) The development of a voice-based prototype that allows medium to large-scale farmers in rural areas to place advertisements on the World Wide Web. The prototype was evaluated based on functionality and feasibility, including financial sustainability.

This chapter will look at different ways to get to TF Service information when you’re not working on a Windows format or using Visual Studio. We can of course always use the Team Web Access to manage work items, look at code changes, work with testing, and manage builds, but sometimes it’s desirable to have the integration with TF Service right inside the development environment.

In recent years we saw, how desirable is possibility of mobile communications in modern society. The consequence of this is to have Internet more reliable and predictable in context of Web access. Thus, there is a need to analyzing Web server’s performance and trying to predict future demand on given server’s. This kind of research requires spatial methods of analysis of such data. Therefore we decided using spatial econometrics methods to explore Web server’s performance.

With the immense horizontal and vertical growth of the World Wide Web (WWW), it is becoming more popular for website owners to showcase their innovations, business, and concepts. Along side they are also interested in tracking and understanding the need of the users. Analyzing web access logs, one can understand the browsing behavior of users. However, web access logs are voluminous as well as complex. Therefore, a semi-automatic intelligent analyzer can be used to find out the browsing patterns of a user. Moreover, the pattern which is revealed from this deluge of web access logs must be interesting, useful, and understandable. A radial basis function neural networks (RBFNs) with mixture of kernels are used in this work for classification of web access logs. In this connection two RBFNs with different mixture of kernels are investigated on web access logs for classification. The collected data are used for training, validation, and testing of the models. The performances of these models are compared with RBFNs. It is concluded that mixture of appropriate kernels are an attractive alternative to RBFNs.

The American Astronomical Society has developed a comprehensive system for the electronic dissemination of refereed astronomical research results. Our current focus is the production of an electronic version of the Astrophysical Journal Letters . With the help of a recent National Science Foundation grant, we have developed a system that includes: LATEX-based manuscript preparation, electronic submission, peer review, production, development of a database of SGML-tagged manuscripts, collection of page charges and other fees, and electronic manuscript storage and delivery. Delivery options include World-Wide Web access through HTML browsers such as Mosaic and Netscape, an email gateway, and a stand-alone client accessible through astronomical software packages such as IRAF. Our goal is to increase the access and usefulness of the journal by providing enhanced features such as faster publication, advanced search capabilities, forward and backward referencing, links to underlying data and links to adjunct materials in a variety of media. We have based our journal on open standards and freely available network tools wherever possible.

Web access log analysis is to analyze the patterns of web site usage and the features of users behavior. It is the fact that the normal Log data is very noisy and unclear and it is vital to preprocess the log data for efficient web usage mining process. Preprocessing comprises of three phases which includes data cleaning, user identification and session construction. Session construction is very vital and numerous real world problems can be modeled as traversals on graph and mining from these traversals would provide the requirement for preprocessing phase. On the other hand, the traversals on unweighted graph have been taken into consideration in existing works. This paper oversimplifies this to the case where vertices of graph are given weights to reflect their significance. The proposed method constructs sessions as a Partial Ancestral Graph which contains pages with calculated weights. This will help site administrators to find the interesting pages for users and to redesign their web pages. After weighting each page according to browsing time a PAG structure is constructed for each user session. Existing system in which there is a problem of learning with the latent variables of the data and the problem can be overcome by the proposed method.

We propose a method of identifying purchase-stage to enhance the success rate of recommendations. When a user purchases a commodity through the Web, she goes through several stages, for example, " Interest in commodity, Search for commodity, Comparison of commodities, Action of purchasing". To increase the purchase rate, we need to identify the different purchase stages and construct web sites so that they better support each purchase-stage. This paper hypothesizes that the purchase-stage of the user is evidenced by his/her web-access pattern. An experiment is conducted to collect the Web access logs of several subjects when they purchase commodities on electronic commerce (EC) sites. The proposed method is shown to approximately discriminate the purchase-stages.

BRENDA is a comprehensive relational database on functional and molecular information of enzymes, based on primary literature. The database contains information extracted and evaluated from approximately 46 000 references, holding data of at least 40 000 different enzymes from more than 6900 different organisms, classified in approximately 3900 EC numbers. BRENDA is an important tool for biochemical and medical research covering information on properties of all classified enzymes, including data on the occurrence, catalyzed reaction, kinetics, substrates/ products, inhibitors, cofactors, activators, structure and stability. All data are connected to literature references which in turn are linked to PubMed. The data and information provide a fundamental tool for research of enzyme mechanisms, metabolic pathways, the evolution of metabolism and, furthermore, for medicinal diagnostics and pharmaceutical research. The database is a resource for data of enzymes, classified according to the EC system of the IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature Committee, and the entries are cross-referenced to other databases, i.e. organism classification, protein sequence, protein structure and literature references. BRENDA provides an academic web access at http://www.brenda.uni-koeln.de.

Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks (VDTNs) use vehicles to carry data between network nodes, enabling network connectivity in sparse or partitioned opportunistic networks, where the node density is not high enough to establish end-to-end links. By implementing a store-carry-and-forward paradigm, VDTNs allow delay-tolerant data traffic from a variety of vehicular applications to be routed over time, such as, but not limited to, information queries (e.g. weather reports, web browsing, business services, road conditions, traffic volume) and context- specific broadcasts (e.g. advertising, entertainment feeds). This paper presents a Web browsing application for VDTNs, called WWW@VDTN, and analyzes its performance in a laboratory VDTN testbed. Epidemic and Spray and Wait routing schemes were combined with different scheduling and dropping policies in the performance evaluation process. It is shown that WWW@VDTN works properly in the VDTN testbed. Thus, it is envisioned that a real VDTN will be able to support Web access. Furthermore, the performance studies also reveal that a combination of scheduling and dropping policies that takes into account information about the remaining lifetime of data, improves the performance of the routing schemes in terms of delivery probability and delivery delay.

While computers and Internet access have growing penetration amongst schools in the developing world, intermittent connectivity and limited bandwidth often prevent them from being fully utilized by students and teachers. In this paper, we make two contributions to help address this problem. First, we characterize six weeks of HTTP traffic from a primary school outside of Bangalore, India, illuminating opportunities and constraints for improving performance in such settings. Second, we deploy an aggressive caching and prefetching engine and show that it accelerates a user's overall browsing experience (apart from video content) by 2.8x. Our accelerator leverages innovative techniques that have been proposed, but not evaluated in detail, including the effectiveness of serving stale pages, cached page highlighting, and client-side prefetching. Unlike proxy-based techniques, our system is bundled as an open-source Firefox plugin and runs directly on client machines. This allows easy installation and configuration by end users, which is especially important in developing regions where a lack of permissions or technical expertise often prevents modification of internal network settings.

We consider the design and provision of Web sites, with respect to gender issues, from various perspectives. A general view of the field is given, and educational issues are specifically considered in relation to gender differences in the use of IT as an effective educational aid, especially by children. Human-computer interaction (HCI) models at different levels of abstraction are presented, together with how gender issues could impinge at each of these levels. A number of examples, both from the commercial and cultural fields, are discussed as design case studies of home pages for Web sites that exhibit gender-related orientation. Finally, looking to the future, online gaming is discussed in the context of usage. It is hoped that the guidance provided here will help minimize any gender discrimination on Web sites with respect to their interfaces, increasing general accessibility in the process.

This paper looks at the issue of access to internet based services in Botswana and the UK. It provides an overview of current infrastructure and demographics in each country, the particular issues and obstacles that each faces and considers the initiatives currently being pursued. It concludes that although the two countries may be very different many of the problems they face with regards to web access are similar.

Web access sequence mining discovers hidden information or knowledge from weblogs containing web usage patterns. The discovered knowledge is useful in many ways for web designers or decision makers to improve the website organization. Several algorithms have been proposed to mine web access sequence patterns and in general they generate candidate sequences and test them during the mining process. This paper describes a fast and efficient algorithm to discover web access sequences by constructing a data structure called prefix based minimized WAS-tree with maximal potential sequence patterns. The tree is recursively constructed and mined to find all the patterns in the database, satisfying the given min-sup. To prove that our algorithm is fast and efficient when compared to an existing algorithm, we have done experimental studies on a real dataset.

In previous versions of SharePoint and Office there was always a clear divide between client- and server-based capabilities. Although Microsoft introduced the term “Microsoft Office System” in 2007,the true integration has been a challenge. Even today, when using the 2010 wave of the product cycle, I’d argue that true integration works in some scenarios but leaves a lot to be desired in many others. However, the landscape is changing and the role of the client environment and operating system is slowly changing to a model where users canuse many different devices on a common server or even a cloud-based set of services and data. To support that model, Microsoft has made sure users can use server- or browser-based versions of the popular client applications such as Word, OneNote, PowerPoint, Excel, and Outlook Web Access.

Web application vulnerabilities represent a substantial portion of the security exposures of computer networks. Considering HTTP protocol is stateless, we explore the effectiveness of HTTP-session model to effectively describe http behavior. Based on the HTTP-session model and the analysis of http attack behavior, we present a novel framework to actively detect http attacks. Our method takes http requests as input and calculates anomalous probability for each session attribute and for the session as a whole as output. All the probabilities are weighted and summed up to produce final probability, and this probability is used to decide whether http session is attack or not. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods via simulation studies using real-world web access logs. Experiments prove that our detection framework achieves high detection rates under very few false positives.

In this paper, a complete preprocessing methodology for discovering patterns in web usage mining process to improve the quality of data by reducing the quantity of data has been proposed. A dynamic ART1 neural network clustering algorithm to group users according to their Web access patterns with its neat architecture is also proposed. Several experiments are conducted and the results show the proposed methodology reduces the size of Web log files down to 73-82% of the initial size and the proposed ART1 algorithm is dynamic and learns relatively stable quality clusters.

This paper analyses the characteristics of the Web Accessing DoS attacks, then proposes an active defense model. Based on the differences of data and time between the Web Accessing DoS attacks and the normal users' browsing behavior, the active defense model will divide the web accessing traffic into three types: the normal browsing traffic, the actual attacking traffic, the dubitable attacking traffic. The policies for accessing traffic are different: the normal browsing traffic is permitted to access the web site; the actual attacking traffic is forbidden to access the web site; the dubitable attacking traffic will be led into the deception web site, then the active defense model will determine whether to permit the traffic to access the web site or not according to the observing result. The experimental results show that the model is effective in detecting and preventing the Web Accessing DoS attacks.

Modeling of gamma spectra is required in various fields. The growth of usage of spectrometric border monitoring methods to combat illicit trafficking of nuclear and other radioactive materials enhances the need for such techniques. With the development of the Gamma Spectrum Generator within the Nucleonica web-portal (www.nucleonica.net) a new ansatz is made, which allows authorized experts to perform spectrum modeling on a PC, wherever web access is available. The spectrum modeling toolkit (Gamma Spectrum Generator and easyMonteCarlo) must address various aspects, such as different detectors and their direct environment, various radioactive sources, their geometries and materials, distances and absorbers. After showing the accuracy of the modeling tools, more sophisticated scenarios can be dealt with. As a first example the nuclear security relevant masking issue is investigated experimentally and in extensive simulations using the described modeling tools.