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Disturbances of facial growth, occlusion and temporomandibular joint function respectively are all possible sequelae of condylar fractures in children. In this study 30 children (age at accident from 9 months to 14 years, mean 6 years and 9 months) were reexamined who had sustained conservatively treated condylar fractures. Dysfunction and disturbances within the stomathognathic system were assessed by a clinical and radiographic examination. The mean interval between the accident and the follow-up study was 4 years and 11 months. The maximal interincisive distance was always better than 35 mm. The "en face" analysis revealed 6 cases with an inclined occlusion plane referring to the horizontal plane. Only 3 patients, all with bilateral condylar fractures, showed a restricted mandibular mobility. Remodelling of the condylar head was very good in 77% of the cases. In the frontal plane, 21% of the unilateral cases and 33% of the bilateral cases respectively had a persistent medial inclination of the condyle. The measured difference in length of the processus articularis showed the highest correlation to the previous condylar fracture. The radiological evaluation after Ricketts (1960) and Mulick (1965) to assess facial asymmetry revealed six cases (20%) with a relevant angle difference of more than 5 degrees.

The topographic relationship of the apices of the primary teeth to the permanent tooth germs explains the potential for possible developmental disturbances of the permanent teeth after injuries to their predecessors. The anatomical, histologic and clinical aspects of permanent tooth malformation following trauma to the primary teeth are described. One hundred and fourteen children with originally 255 traumatized primary teeth have been re-examined (with an average period of 5.1 years after the trauma) to assess any developmental disturbances of the corresponding permanent teeth. Twenty-three per cent of partially or completely erupted permanent teeth showed developmental disturbances. The most frequent malformation was enamel hypoplasia including enamel discoloration and/or enamel defects. The highest prevalence of developmental disturbances of permanent teeth was found after intrusive injuries of primary teeth.

Clinical records and radiographs of 90 patients with 113 anterior maxillary supernumerary teeth (mesiodens) have been evaluated. Although uncommon, mesiodentes are the most frequent supernumerary teeth and may disturb the eruption and/or position of the adjacent permanent incisors. Clinical and radiographic examination may disclose the number, direction and location of mesiodentes and their effects on neighbouring teeth. In the present study the majority of the supernumerary teeth lay palatal to the central incisors. Complete or partial eruption of a mesiodens was rare, hence the importance of radiographs to locate supernumerary teeth in the premaxilla. Pathological findings included the formation of dentigerous cysts in three patients and complete ossification of the pericoronal space with resorption of the crown of the mesiodentes in eight cases. Retention and malposition of the adjacent permanent incisors occurred in 39 and 24 cases, respectively.