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In the context of global climate changes, the green transformation of tourism industry has become a general trend. This study constructed a comprehensive evaluation model (Super SBM-GML) to measure the tourism green productivity (TGP) and used methods including kernel density estimation, spatiotemporal transition, and quantile regression to analyze the evolutionary characteristics and driving factors of province-level TGP in China between 2009 and 2019. The results showed the following: (1) China's TGP exhibited a two-stage growth trend, maintaining steady growth before 2014 and accelerating thereafter. (2) Regarding the dynamic evolutionary characteristics, the local spatial structure of provincial TGP remains unstable, and the provinces themselves can change their relative positions relatively easily, showing certain characteristics of spatial agglomeration and dynamic interaction. (3) The spatiotemporal network pattern of provincial tourism green productivity was dominated by positive correlations, indicating that the overall collaborative dynamics between provinces were stronger than the competition. However, a certain degree of spatiotemporal competition could be found between some neighboring provinces. (4) The TGP is affected by various driving factors such as tourism economic scale, industrial structure, scientific and technological innovation and environmental regulations, but the driving intensity and direction of each factor differ significantly across the TGP developmental stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research intends to look into the connection between Thailand's tourist industry and environmental quality. This study specifically examines how tourism industry and trade sector affect the environmental quality in Thailand. The objectives of the study are to assess how trade and tourism affect the environment and to provide suggestions for environment friendly travel habits. The autoregressive distributed lag model was used in the research to analyze in both the long- and short-term links between environmental quality, tourism, and trade in Thailand. The study's statistics, which span the years from 1995 to 2021, were taken from the World Bank database. According to the study's results, Thailand's trade and tourism are significantly inversely correlated with environmental quality. Based on this research, both the short- and long-term effects of increased trade and tourism are a reduction in the country's environmental quality. By presenting factual proof of the damaging effects of commerce and tourism on Thailand's ecosystem, the research adds to the body of previous material. The report also emphasizes the need for decision-makers to implement environmental protection laws and sustainable tourism practices in order to lessen the damaging effects of trade and tourism on the environment. The study's conclusions suggest that the Thai government gives concentration in implementing environment friendly tourist practices a higher priority. To further guarantee that the detrimental effects of trade and tourism on the environment are kept to a minimum, the government should think about enacting environmental protection measures. The paper concludes by recommending more research be conducted to examine how other elements, such as technology, may affect Thailand's environmental quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a strategic pillar of the Chinese economy, high-quality development of the tourism industry has become a pressing demand in the contemporary era. Following the new developmental concept advocated by the Chinese government, this study has constructed a comprehensive set of indicators for high-quality tourism development. A thorough spatial analysis of the developmental quality of China's provincial tourism industry from 2000 to 2021, as well as the developmental conditions of various subsystems, was conducted by employing the entropy–value–TOPSIS method, Dagum Gini coefficient, and ESTDA approach. The research has found that (1) the overall quality of China's tourism industry has significantly improved, (2) the determinants of differences in tourism-development quality in China transitioned from endowment advantages to innovation capabilities. (3) positive spatial-agglomeration effects are evident in the developmental landscape of China's tourism industry, (4) the quality of regional tourism development is closely related to the economic development of urban agglomerations, (5) China's tourism industry demonstrates resilience and capacity for restructuring in the post-pandemic era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is a country with many potential places that can be used as tourist destinations. The Central Statistics Agency (BPS) states that as of 2021 Indonesia has a total of 2,552 destinations in the tourism industry. The development of the tourism industry in Indonesia was hampered by the pandemic that had hit the country for approximately 2 years, which caused a narrow space for tourists to move. On the other hand, the use of digital technology has increased during the pandemic era. Artificial intelligence is one of the technologies that also developed during the pandemic. This technology allows for a program to think like a human and help facilitate daily activities and work. This design has the aim of creating an application display design that can implement artificial intelligence in a mobile application for the needs of the tourism industry. The method used in this design is the Design Thinking method popularized by Kelley and Brown from IDEO, consisting of the Emphatize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Testing stages. The result of this design is a design of a mobile application interface for the tourism industry, with the implementation of artificial intelligence and various features, and contains information about various tourist destinations, as well as designing its trials easily by users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent academic studies on pricing in tourism and to deepen the understanding of the recently prevailing research streams on this topic. This article reviews research articles on tourism pricing published in journals in the Scopus database between 2017 and early 2023. An analysis of the selected literature identifies three research streams on pricing: research on price determinants, price development and customers’ price decisions. In terms of methodology, empirical studies predominate, and in terms of period, the distribution over the years shows a stable and consistent level of research activity. The article is essential for further research in the field by presenting a synthesis of recent academic work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the intricacies of booking behaviors, focusing on the preference for tropical coastal cities during colder seasons, given the burgeoning need for personalized and intelligent travel recommendations in the modern tourism landscape. Traditional booking systems, with their static algorithms, have often neglected the dynamic interplay of environmental factors and user preferences, necessitating an evolution towards more sophisticated, adaptive models. To address this, the research employed advanced machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques, amalgamating data from diverse sources like major tourism websites, hotel platforms, and social media. The methodology involved meticulous data preprocessing to ensure data quality and depth, followed by the implementation of deep learning models and time series analysis, which were instrumental in deciphering complex patterns and offering predictive insights. This comprehensive approach facilitated the integration of various environmental factors such as weather conditions and temporal events, enabling the system to craft hyper-personalized recommendations that resonate with user preferences and environmental nuances. The findings were illuminating, unveiling a significant inverse relationship between temperature and bookings and highlighting the influential role of temporal events in driving bookings. The advanced predictive models showcased commendable accuracy, underscoring the transformative potential of such intelligent systems in enhancing user experiences and engagement in the tourism sector. These insights pave the way for the development of innovative strategies that can significantly elevate user satisfaction and industry growth. The study concludes that the integration of machine learning and AI in booking systems can revolutionize the tourism industry by offering unprecedented levels of personalization and adaptability, catering to the diverse and evolving needs of modern travelers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal is the property of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates the correlation between employees' personal inclinations and organizational factors in green environmental behavior, alongside their impact on environmentally sustainable organizational performance. Employing the SEM-PLS analysis method, the research engaged 307 respondents from the tourism sector, evaluating survey data through structural models encompassing personal and organizational factors associated with employees' green environmental behavior. The findings reveal a notable and affirmative connection between employees' green environmental behavior and the performance of environmentally friendly organizations. Moreover, variables such as environmental literacy, environmental empowerment, and environmental leadership demonstrate substantial influence on employees' green environmental behavior. However, factors like employee religiosity, green environment self-efficacy, and green environment training did not yield significant influence. This study introduces novel insights into the determinants of employees' green environmental behavior, establishing a robust groundwork for devising workplace strategies and policies conducive to fostering such behavior. Nonetheless, this study has limitations concerning the research subjects and variations in the constructs employed, offering potential avenues for further research development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior to the integration of sustainable development principles into the tourism industry of Pavlodar region, it is essential to assess the current situation and the readiness of the sector participants to implement them. This requires exploring international standards of sustainable tourism and adapting them for evaluation by managers, entrepreneurs, local communities and tourists. For this purpose, questionnaires were developed based on the sustainability criteria approved by the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC), including the assessment of sustainable management, social and environmental sustainability. The questionnaire results informed SWOT analysis that identified lack of awareness and motivation among industry participants to implement sustainable tourism due to additional costs, climate constraints and lack of government support. The environmentalism of the destinations and the government’s investment policy were identified among the strengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the potential of sacred places as well as natural and recreational objects within the borders of the North Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the development of complex tourist routes. We examined archival data and documents and assessed the results of a sociological survey using statistical and mathematical processing, with tourist routes mapped out. The material under analysis and the results of the sociological survey enabled us to evaluate the touristic appeal and relevance of sacred places, as well as that of natural and recreational objects, in the North Kazakhstan region. A number of complex routes characterized by cultural, historical, pilgrimage, archeological, and environmental diversity were proposed. The cartographic material at hand enabled us to display a spatial plan of routes and accurately reflect the development potential of the region's tourism sector. The land of North Kazakhstan has the potential to expand the tourism industry. The demonstrated sacred places and diverse natural sites enable the creation of complex routes. We assessed the sacred places’ properties and determined the degree of attractiveness exhibited by complex routes, thus confirming the tourist opportunities offered by the region. These routes were designed to promote various directives such as historical, patriotic, and cultural education, natural world exploration, pilgrimage, spiritual awakening, and archaeology. Their use will contribute to the preservation of cultural and historical values, the expansion of international and domestic relations, and the developmen t of the economy and sustainability in the region. Skillful management in planning complex tourist routes in the North Kazakhstan region will facilitate the strengthening of ties between different communities and cultures, which is of great relevance for the multinational and multicultural country that is Kazakhstan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academica Turistica is the property of University of Primorska, Faculty of Tourism Studies - Turistica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this research is to explore the intellectual capital in the hotel industry paying particular attention to the gender of the manager. A model is proposed that includes the determinants of the intellectual capital of hotels and the moderating effect of the general manager's gender. Our findings show the positive influence of turbulent environments and dynamic capabilities on intellectual capital development. The subsequent relationship between intellectual capital and hotel performance is U-shaped rather than linear. Furthermore, this relationship is more likely to be positive in hotels managed by women, due to their ability to enhance human, social and organizational capital. The analysis technique used is Partial Least Squares based on variance (PLS-SEM) on a sample of Spanish hotels in 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vacation decision-making is critical in the global tourism industry as it influences travelers' destinations choice, duration, and spending. Understanding the underlying factors that influence vacation decision-making is critical for both tourists and destination marketers, as it can help to customize marketing strategies to improve the overall quality of tourism offerings. The present study aimed to explore the effect of destination image, tourist perceptions of safety, availability of regenerative tourism activities, and hotel's green reputation on vacation decision-making, as well as the mediating role of perceived quality of destination and the moderating role of previous traveling experience. Data was collected from a sample of 350 tourists who have recently visited an eco-friendly destination and analyzed using SmartPLS v.4.0. The results showed that destination image, tourist perceptions of safety, availability of regenerative tourism activities, and hotel's green reputation have a significant effect on vacation decision-making, with a significant mediating effect of perceived quality of destination and moderating effect of previous traveling experience. These findings provide valuable insights into the factors that influence vacation decision-making, especially the emerging role of regenerative tourism activities, and hotel's green reputation in the global tourism industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the state and prospects of international tourism development in Ukraine amid global crises, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war. A comprehensive analysis of key factors affecting the tourism industry is conducted, including international travel restrictions, geopolitical instability, economic difficulties, and changes in consumer behavior. It demonstrates how global crises, such as COVID-19 and the Russian-Ukrainian war, have led to a significant reduction in international tourist flows, decreased foreign exchange earnings from tourism activities, and created additional risks for tourism infrastructure. In such conditions, the recovery of the industry and its integration into the country's economic development require a comprehensive approach that includes not only investments but also the digitalization of tourism services. The research highlights key changes in tourist flows, the level of economic activity in the sector, and the impact of internal and external challenges on tourism infrastructure. It was found that after a significant decline in 2022 due to the war, a gradual recovery began in 2023 thanks to the development of domestic tourism and the opening of new safe routes. Digitalization has become a key factor in the development of the modern tourism industry, affecting all stages of the tourist experience. The implementation of digital technologies, such as online booking, mobile applications, virtual and augmented reality, allows companies to enhance their service and improve competitiveness. The article emphasizes the importance of strengthening tourism infrastructure and supporting entrepreneurship in times of instability. Directions for further research are proposed, including the development of domestic tourism, the assessment of the resilience of tourism entities to crises, and the analysis of the long-term effects of the war on international tourist flows. The study underscores the significance of the tourism industry for Ukraine's economic recovery and its potential for integration into the global tourism market.

Purpose: This study aims to analyse the position of 155 hotel managers in Africa and Asia about implementing sustainability practices (SP) focussing their competitive advantage (CA). Sustainability practices and CA are explained through the technology-organisation-environment (TOE) framework within the hospitality, tourism and travel industries. Design/methodology/approach: The Structural Equation Model based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) methodology was applied to hotels in African countries, including South Africa, as well as Asia. Six variables were analysed in order to study the impact of SP in CA. Findings/results: Findings imply that technological advancements, organisational commitments and environmental considerations collectively foster robust SP in emerging economies. The adoption of eco-friendly technologies (TS), the integration of sustainable policies (OS) and adherence to environmental regulations (ES) collectively contribute to the sustainability goals of hotels. Practical implications: The study reveals that hotels in emerging markets should strategically emphasise the TOE framework to enhance SP and CA. Investing in advanced technologies, implementing effective organisational practices and adhering to environmental standards significantly improve sustainability performance. Originality/value: While the TOE model has been extensively studied across various industries, limited research has explored its application in tourism. This study uniquely investigates how SP can enhance CA in the tourism sector through comparative analysis.

The objective of the study is to determine the electricity use, and tourism industry environmental impacts, and increase in CO2 emissions in Pakistan. What are the linkages of foreign direct investment, intercountryal trade, gross domestict product, and CO2 emissions. The study has applied the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method to analysis the data set from 1985 to 2023. The robustness test is applied using Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS), and Fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS). The results reveal that the increase in the electricity use, and tourism industry has significant negative impacts on CO2 emissions in both short- and long-run. The increase in intercountry trade effects the Domestic Product growth (GDP) growth and causes to increase in use of fossil fuels, which are the major source of CO2 emissions. The increase in foreign direct investment (FDI) increase the GDP growth, and FDI also increase the CO2 emissions in Pakistan. The results suggests that the incresae in the renewal energy consumption for the electricity production and transportation can help to decrease the CO2 emissions in Pakistan.

As one of China’s sunrise industries, tourism has always been the engine to promote the development of the national economy, and in 2018, the annual income of China’s tourism industry exceeded 5 trillion yuan unprecedentedly. In recent years, the traditional extensive production mode has inevitably brought about problems such as environmental pollution and public health threats, while helping the development of new urbanization, thus triggering a series of challenges in the environmental health system. The tourism industry, new urbanization, and environmental health system three cooperate and promote each other, the coordinated development between them for economic growth, new urbanization development, environmental protection, and public health play a vital role, in the post-epidemic era is a special period of historical opportunities, the public’s focus from the original sacrifice of environmental health in exchange for economic growth model began to green, low-carbon sustainable development mode, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as a tourism resource endowment rich region, It is of positive significance to explore the coupling degree and coordination between the tourism industry, new urbanization and environmental health system, and put forward targeted practical enlightenment, which is of positive significance for promoting the sustainable development of tourism industry. Taking Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as a case study, this paper constructs three comprehensive evaluation index systems of the tourism industry, new urbanization and environmental health system, and analyzes and compares the weights of various indicators in the three fields of tourism economy, new urbanization and environmental health system in Guangxi by using the entropy weight TOPSIS method. The coupling coordination model was used to measure the coupling degree and coordination degree of the tourism industry, new urbanization and environmental health system construction in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2009 to 2021. The empirical results show that the weights of various indicators change with the development of the social economy. The comprehensive efficacy index of Guangxi’s tourism industry has increased year by year for 11 consecutive years; At the end of the evaluation period, after the outbreak of the new crown epidemic, the evaluation index of the tourism industry, new urbanization and environmental health system all showed a downward trend to varying degrees. Before the pandemic, the coupling coordination type of the three subsystems generally experienced a transformation of “moderate dissonance-reluctant coordination-primary coordination-intermediate coordination,” but the overall development level was still poor. After the outbreak of the new crown epidemic, the coupling and coordination between the three has been reduced to a state of poor coordination. Because of the above research conclusions, this study proposes to make full use of the important time node of the post-epidemic era and proposes to actively promote the development of the tourism industry, promote the upgrading of the industrial structure, use digital empowerment of the economic form, optimize the environmental health system and other targeted countermeasures to keep the coupling degree and coordination between the three within a reasonable range. This ensures the sustainable development of social systems in the region. This study has made some contributions to the development of high-quality tourism and a healthy environment. First of all, it enriches the content of the environmental health system. This study takes the ecological environment and atmospheric environment in the environmental health system as the entry point and adds the index content of the environmental health evaluation system, which provides a certain supplement for the relevant research on the environmental health system strength. Secondly, the relationship between the tourism industry, new urbanization and environmental health is analyzed and into a unified theoretical framework. This study takes the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which is rich in tourism resources, as a case study site, and innovatively explores the coupling and coordination relationship among the tourism industry, new urbanization and environmental health system in the case site. Finally, it provides targeted countermeasures for the sustainable development path of the three systems of tourism industry, new urbanization and environmental health in the case site in the future. It is of positive practical significance to compare the coupling and coordination degree between the three, realize the coordinated, orderly, and healthy development of the three in the region, and provide operational suggestions for the upgrading of the tourism industry structure, the benign development of new urbanization, and the formulation of environmental health system policies.

In this study, an attempt has been made to examine factors affecting the success of various types of tourism business in Thailand. A total of 100 copies of the questionnaires were given to operators and managers engaged in tourist businesses in Thailand. These respondents were chosen by Proportionate Random Sampling-a method that ensures an unbiased cross-section from every section of society. The statistical methods used in data analysis include percentage calculation ; determining a mean value for all readings ; assessing standard deviation; analysing frequencies and multiple regression analysis. Entrepreneurs in Thailand's tourism industry have indicated that for the success of their operations marketing strategy, personnel competency, and business partnerships are the most important factors. When the study carried out the hypothesis tests it showed that price, place, and product (the 4Ps of marketing mix) location, and physical surroundings on one hand skills of human resource management to bring employees together while business partnership are positively correlated with success in operating a tourism business statistically.

The aim of the article is to analyze the current state of the domestic tourism industry in the context of the russian invasion of Ukraine, as well as to develop potential directions for eliminating the negative consequences for the tourism industry, speaking of its further recovery. The article examines the state of the tourism industry during the wartime, considers aspects of its adaptation to the conditions of martial law, and develops proposals for the post-war recovery. Since the onset of the large-scale military aggression, the tourism industry of Ukraine has undergone significant transformations, which have led to the practical halt of all types of tourism, especially at the initial stages of hostilities. However, a full assessment of the impact of military events on Ukrainian tourism becomes very difficult in view of the continuation of large-scale hostilities and the lack of accurate data. The study analyzes the amount of tourist tax and the structure of taxes to the State budget of Ukraine from the activities of tourism industry enterprises, the results of the analysis showed a significant drop in all indicators. An assessment of the impact of tourism development on the gross regional product (GRP) is carried out using correlation and regression analysis. Based on the results of modeling, a regression model of the dependence of GRP on tourist tax has been built, which confirms that the development of tourism in the region contributes to an increase in the gross regional product and has a significant multiplier effect. The features of recreation and work of tourist facilities in different regions of Ukraine are generalized and structured, and it is found that even with the existing restrictions, citizens continue to discover new places worth visiting in Ukraine. This can be attributed to the consideration that constant stress tires the body, and people need rest and recovery. A substantive characterization of the wartime factors of influence on the development of the tourism industry has been determined. It is determined that the recovery of the tourism industry will depend on the pace of restoration of the general and tourist infrastructure and the overall standard of living in the country, which will contribute to the rise of both inbound and outbound tourism. One of the main factors influencing the creation of a safe image of a tourist destination is the level of terrorist threat, in connection with which a set of measures to prevent terrorist threats has been formulated. The main program model for the development of tourism in post-war Ukraine is the public-private partnership (PPP), from the implementation of which the greatest return for the development of the tourism business is expected. In view of the above, the subject of prospective research should be the development of organizational and resource support for the PPP mechanism for the recovery of the tourism industry of Ukraine.

Objectives: This paper aims to conduct research on the factors that impact the advancement of the tourism economy in order to adapt to the rapidly changing demands of the tourism market. Methods: A case study was performed using a gray correlation model to analyze the tourism industry in Henan Province. Findings: Among the first-level indicators, tourism economic support had the highest correlation with tourism economic development, followed by tourism physical base, tourism transportation influence, tourism human resources, and tourism information service. Then, relevant suggestions were given according to the analysis results. Novelty:The novelty of this article lies in utilizing the gray correlation model to examine the factors that influence the tourism economy and analyzing the gray system with incomplete information. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-01-03 Full Text: PDF

Tourism is one of the biggest industries in the world and its contribution to the global economy has continued to grow. Due to the rapid development of technology, tourism has seen some critical changes in how people interact with the industry. By applying artificial intelligence (AI) to different aspects of the tourism business, it is possible to increase efficiency by using resources more effectively. This paper aims to provide insights into how AI technologies can be applied to different aspects of tourism operations and services to improve the customer experience both online and offline and at service providers such as hotels. A literature review is conducted based on the PRISMA methodology by running searches on databases Scopus and Web of Science. This research contributes to providing an overview of how current AI technologies are used in the tourism industry and how they may be used in the future to enhance customers’ experiences when interacting with different aspects of tourism. It also examines various concerns that need further investigation before adoption can occur. The review shows that the application of AI technologies can improve numerous facets of tourism operations and services, resulting in numerous advantages.

Abstract Analyzing the influence of tourism on carbon emission has significant implications for promoting the sustainable development of tourism. Based on the panel data of 31 tourist cities in China from 2005 to 2022, this study utilizes a structural equation model to explore the carbon reduction effect of tourism development and its influencing mechanism. The results show that: (1) The overall carbon emission efficiency of tourism cities first decreased and then increased, rised to a peak of 0.923 in 2022. (2) Tourism development has a significant positive impact on carbon emission efficiency, and there are three influence paths: tourism → environmental regulation → carbon emission efficiency, tourism → environmental regulation → industrial structure → carbon emission efficiency, and tourism → industrial structure → carbon emission efficiency. (3) The influence of tourism development on carbon emission efficiency mainly depends on the direct effect, and the development of tourism also indirectly affect the industrial structure. Environmental regulation also mainly depends on the direct effect on carbon emission efficiency. (4) Foreign direct investment lead to the reduction of carbon emission efficiency in both direct and indirect aspects.

The objective was to identify the firms’ short-run and long-run strategies that contributed to firms’ development, job creation and economic growth of local economies, and employees’ and customers’ satisfaction across all Butler’s stages of development. The results indicate that the firms have been successful supporting environmental sustainability, conservation of natural resources, and protection of cultural elements of local communities. During the Covid-19 shutdown, the female entrepreneurs assessed past strategies, invested in development and production of new and better-quality products and services, advanced employees’ and entrepreneurial skills, and transformation of digital and production infrastructure. The study identified the importance of government policies critical for entrepreneurship success, particularly during global crises. The paper illustrates several lessons focused specifically on fostering a supportive work environment that enables firms to endure through and successfully recover from market shocks or global crises. The study concludes that all female entrepreneurs were experienced, motivated, visionary, goal-oriented, and innovative regarding their entrepreneurial undertakings while focusing on understanding the needs and maximizing employee and customer satisfaction. The resiliency they developed enabled them to stay focused on their goals and maintain successful operations while facing insufficient financial and non-financial support, market challenges, and global crises.

Abstract More and more individuals are realizing the need to take time away from their regular lives to recharge their bodies and minds by visiting new places. That's why we reasoned that drinking tea while on holiday would be the most significant element in promoting the growth of the tea tourism sector. We want to bring attention to how, via the medium of tastescape, the ritual of drinking tea may help one better understand the notion of unconventional tourism in India. A tastescape is a combination of physical elements, social norms, and geographical settings. One kind of nature tourism that includes visits to tea plantations is an example of a niche market. Without a question, if you're looking for a place to visit that serves excellent tea, you should make your way to India. If the right marketing campaigns are launched to attract eco-travelers, and if the necessary efforts are made to enhance the quality of the area, the Indian Tea Estates have the potential to become a leading destination for tea tourism. The novelty of this study lies in its exploration of tea tourism prospects in India and the investigation into how the fascination with tea influences the decisions of foreign tourists visiting the country. The research aims to promote travel to India so that more people may learn about and appreciate the tea culture there. Both primary and secondary sources are used in this qualitative study. Features and advertising tactics for luring tourists are described in this research. At this point, we analyze the research data and use it to inform a set of preliminary marketing strategies. The study also found that enhancing a customer's overall impression of a company is one of the most effective ways to encourage repeat business. It is difficult to advance plans to combine the tourism and tea industries due to a lack of personnel and expertise. The difficulty may be overcome if the two parties can work together to mutual benefit. Achieving future achievements will require strengthening the connection between tea and tourism, establishing collaborations, encouraging a higher degree of local engagement, and highlighting local benefits as a way of life.

The Covid-19 pandemic was the biggest challenge the world has faced in the 21st century. It left the biggest negative impression on health, social and economic aspects. The negative impact was reflected in the tourism economy, dealing a major blow to the global economy and the movement of tourists. The pandemic affected the existing tourism, but it also changed the habits of tourists and thus influenced the choice of destination. The aim of this paper is to show the impact of the Covid-19 virus in the world as well as in the Republic of Serbia, with a focus on the selection of tourist destinations during and after the pandemic, as well as a comparison of tourists during 2022 and 2023 on the territory of the Republic of Serbia. Qualitative-quantitative, analytical and comparative methods were used during the research. Based on all relevant collected data, it is important to emphasize that the international tourism industry ended 2023 at 88% of pre-pandemic levels, with an estimated 1.3 billion international arrivals. A full recovery is expected by the end of 2024, driven by pent-up demand, improved connectivity and resilient Asian markets. According to the latest UN tourism barometer data, from January 2024, the Republic of Serbia has the largest increase of 79% compared to 2019 in the category of income from foreign tourists.

Today, countries are achieving significant progress in the field of innovation in a tight competition. Tourism is one of the most important sectors that has been recently noticed in the discussion of innovation. On the other hand, innovation ecosystems have gained increasing importance in the last decade, and so far, numerous studies and models of innovation ecosystems have been presented in different industries and sectors. The tourism industry can also improve its performance by developing the ecosystem of innovation. Since according to the extensive search by the authors of this research, no research was found about the ecosystem of the country's tourism industry with an innovation approach, in this regard, this research aims to explain the concept of ecology with a descriptive approach and using a comparative study. The innovation ecosystem and review of global experiences will present a plan of the innovation ecosystem of Iran's tourism industry with an emphasis on the supply chain. The reason for this emphasis is the importance of the tourism supply chain in the discussion of value creation, considering the multifacetedness of this industry, the multiplicity of stakeholders and the resulting complications along the tourism supply chain. In the end, a system for the innovation ecosystem of Iran's tourism industry, including various actors and stakeholders and the communication between them, is proposed. 1. Introduction Today, innovation ecosystems in the field of tourism with new technologies have been able to cause significant changes in consumer behavior. These changes originate from the ease of access to information, transparency, ease of doing transactions, and increased expectations and demands of customers. Tourists, as one of the most key components of the tourism ecosystem, are more interactive and aware today, and together with the providers of tourism products and services, they co-create and create common value in the production process; All of this has become possible under the shadow of innovation and the use of new technologies. On the other hand, in recent years, researchers' interest in the concept of "ecosystem" has been greatly expanded, and many researches have been conducted on what the ecosystem is and how it functions (Xi and Wang, 2021). The concept of "innovation ecosystem" has been considered since the mid-2000s as a framework for business development and the emergence of new industries. By developing an innovation ecosystem, companies can expand their products, core services or business infrastructure and use them to improve their performance. Iran has been able to reach the 33rd position among the 231 countries surveyed in the global innovation index in 2022, which is the best ranking achieved so far. This rank means being ranked 1st among 21 Central and East Asian countries and 3rd among 33 world economies with medium to low per capita income. Although in recent years, we have witnessed movements and developments in the field of innovation and knowledge-based economy, but in some areas, innovation has not yet had significant influence. One of the fields that needs creativity and innovation today is the field of tourism. The current research aims to provide a plan of the innovation ecosystem of Iran's tourism industry while explaining the concept of innovation ecosystem and reviewing global models and experiences. 2. Literature Review The concept of the "innovation ecosystem" is closely related to the ideas of "business ecosystem" and "innovation system," as Arnal et al. (2020) suggest Innovation is crucial in a business ecosystem where customer needs are met through interaction, cooperation, and competition, with a central characteristic being common evolution. Granstrand and Holgersson (2020) emphasize that many definitions of the innovation ecosystem often omit essential components like competitors/substitutes and artifacts (products, technologies, etc.), which are analogous to natural ecosystems where species compete for resources. They define an innovation ecosystem as an evolving set of actors, activities, artifacts, institutions, and relationships essential for the innovative performance of an actor or group of actors. Bolek (2011) identifies four key elements of the innovation ecosystem: participants, tools, content, and principles. Effective management of these elements focuses on creating customer value, responding swiftly to market changes, accelerating transitions from research to production, and transforming ideas into customer benefits. Participants: These are the stakeholders who support the innovation ecosystem by presenting ideas and turning them into commercial, social, or political realities. Tools: These tools, part of the innovation infrastructure, help define the ecosystem and focus on elements that encourage creative activity. They are dynamic and need to be adjusted based on the specific needs and people involved. Content: The primary content includes ideas and forms that transform initial concepts into market manifestations. The challenge lies in motivating people to generate and evaluate ideas effectively. Principles: The principles guiding an innovation ecosystem should break linear concepts and liberate the creative process. This involves stepping outside conventional boundaries to create unique market relationships. Tourism innovation ecosystems adopt a strategic approach, focusing on the creation and application of intellectual and physical assets within a network. Ndou (2014) highlights that such ecosystems are beneficial for managing the diversity of tourism products and services offered by various interdependent actors under a unified destination brand. Internet technologies enable knowledge sharing and innovation processes, helping companies through close cooperation and specialized resource pooling. A specific approach to creating innovative tourism ecosystems involves developing "destination management systems" (DMS). These systems support local tourism organizations in collecting, storing, and distributing information and resources for commercial activities. DMS create intranet networks for local operators to input data, organize products for online sales, and provide accessible tourism offers to tourists. These systems offer real-time information updates, cost reductions for online space purchases, multilingual website accessibility, and diverse marketing strategy implementations. While technological infrastructure is vital, creating and implementing innovative tourism ecosystems involves more than just technology. These ecosystems require new organizational structures, skills, leadership forms, and public-private sector relations transformation. They comprise numerous independent, interdependent, and self-organizing actors relying on the Internet to integrate and exchange value. Innovation in tourism must be sensitive to customer perceptions, values, needs, and expectations, as well as to political, social, and economic changes. New technologies have significantly impacted tourism ecosystems, particularly in shopping, information search, and decision-making processes. Today’s tourism products target more specific markets, with customers seeking authentic experiences. The growth of social groups on the Internet has created dynamic sources of opinions and recommendations, forming virtual tourism programs that challenge traditional service providers, especially in adventure tourism. This shift also opens opportunities for new types of employment, such as consultants and information organizers. The global innovation index measures a country’s innovation capacity and results through seven pillars: institutions, human capital and research, infrastructure, market sophistication, business sophistication, knowledge and technology outputs, and creative outputs. Each pillar comprises sub-pillars and indicators, forming a comprehensive assessment of a country’s innovation performance. 3. Methodology The current research is a descriptive research conducted using library studies and a comparative study approach. First, in order to form the theoretical foundations of the research, an comprehensive search was conducted among articles, books, researches, reports and other reliable scientific sources. Then, the topic in question was examined in relation to the selected countries (based on the 2022 Global Innovation Index report) in order to provide a basis for a comparative study and comparison of Iran's situation with the mentioned countries. Based on this, 5 countries including Switzerland, Unites States, Sweden, United Kingdom and China were selected and their situation in terms of tourism innovation ecosystem was investigated. 4. Results Iran's tourism industry possesses substantial potential and resources, yet it has not secured its rightful place in international markets. This is due to various factors, some within control and others influenced by complex global political and economic environments. A comparative analysis reveals several weaknesses in Iran's tourism supply chain that need to be addressed. One significant weakness is the absence of destination management organizations (DMOs) in cities and tourist destinations. A DMO acts as a central entity connecting all supply chain members, from service providers to tourists. Despite the presence of cultural heritage and tourism departments across the country, numerous parallel institutions and organizations with conflicting goals negatively impact tourism processes. Although parallel institutions pose a problem, creating a mechanism to consolidate opinions, share resources, and achieve synergies can transform this challenge into an opportunity. On the other hand, Marketing Iran as a tourist destination on an international level is crucial. Effective methods include establishing active offices and agencies in target countries. Sustainability and the circular economy are often overlooked in Iran’s tourism supply chain. Sustainability fosters innovation, requiring changes in traditional production and consumption methods. Successful cities have demonstrated how technology aids sustainability. Iran's tourism development plans should integrate sustainability, becoming a core component of all projects. This includes monitoring standardization criteria, granting green badges to businesses, adopting recycling strategies, and optimizing water and energy use. Today, "competition," "sustainability," and "innovation" are intertwined concepts essential for survival. Iran's tourism sector, however, still struggles with outdated public vehicles contributing to air pollution and safety risks. Enhancing the tourism supply chain's value involves extending tourism development to lesser-known areas and involving local stakeholders. Many regions in Iran have potential tourist attractions, but development and marketing efforts focus on well-known areas, neglecting others. This has led to imbalanced regional tourism development. Promoting lesser-known destinations can ensure a more equitable distribution of tourism benefits. Analyzing Iran’s tourism supply chain involves financial, operational, and general performance criteria. Financial performance, including costs, income, and profit, is particularly challenging due to the pandemic, sanctions, and negative international publicity, resulting in financial difficulties for tourism businesses. Tourism is highly influenced by political, geographical, cultural, environmental, and technological factors. Political issues, sanctions, climate changes, and the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly impacted Iran’s tourism supply chain. By addressing these weaknesses and embracing a strategic, sustainable, and innovative approach, Iran's tourism industry can better realize its potential and improve its position in international markets Based on the results obtained from the previous chapters and the answers received from the interviewees; Materials were obtained that form the body of our research. The charts mentioned below; There are categories of visual and perceptual components of objective aesthetics and their sub-branches. In this section, we tried to refine the mentioned materials and summarize them in tables. Data analysis was done to extract sub-themes with Atlas.ti software and finally 61 sub-themes (Charts 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) were extracted from the responses of the interviewees. The mentioned themes are subsets of the main themes of proportions, facade lines, color and materials, form and order. In each of the diagrams 2 to 6, the types of connection between the sub-themes (subsets) and with the main themes (head of the set) are shown. The type of communication between sub-themes is divided into opposite and non-communicating. Also, the form of communication between sub-themes (subsets) and the main themes (head of the set) is defined as "is part of". After extracting and categorizing the sub-themes of the research, we will compare their frequency (mentioned by people) in high and low frequency areas. First, this comparison is done among those sub-themes that are a subset of a common main theme, so that the correlation of those sub-themes is completed, then the comparison of the high and low areas of abundance in relation to all the sub-themes of the research is done at once. is done (diagrams 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11). In the mentioned charts, a quantitative comparison of the frequency of each main theme's subgroups (proportions, facade lines, color and materials, form and order) has been done in the high and low frequency areas. In the analysis of the sub-themes, a component has been found that has a 100% share between the interviews of the towers and ranked first in terms of frequency. The sharing of components between the towers is the result of a series of common features in the facade of the towers. In the mentioned towers, the variety of shapes and forms in the facade was present both in the facade itself and compared to other towers around, they had different and more varied shapes and forms. The surrounding towers generally had simple and cubic shapes, and common and simple attachments were also available as facade elements in some of them. 5. Conclusion The value chain of the country's tourism industry needs improvement and revision at all three levels, macro, intermediate and micro. On the other hand, the innovation and sustainability approach should be the template paradigm in planning this chain. In the end, in order to improve the country's tourism supply chain mechanism, recommendations have been presented at three levels of the tourism value chain. Generally, innovation ecosystem of Iran tourism industry is proposed as figure 1.

The gastronomy tourism industry plays an important role in boosting local economies, enhancing the travel experience, and preserving culinary traditions unique to specific places. In this context, comprehending customer sentiments is of paramount importance for business decision-making, menu choice offerings, marketing strategies, and customer service improvements. Traditional sentiment analysis methods in gastronomy tourism tend to be time-consuming, prone to human error, and influenced by subjectivity. Furthermore, the absence of an effective visualization strategy hampers the reliability of sentiment analysis efforts. Compounding this, the data collected also often lacked balance across sentiment classes, making it challenging to predict minority sentiments accurately. To address these challenges, our research introduces a hybrid approach, combining various lexicon-based sentiment and emotional analysis algorithms, thereby enhancing the reliability of customer review analysis in the gastronomy tourism sector. Subsequently, we optimize machine learning sentiment classification by employing data augmentation in conjunction with feature engineering strategies, to improve the recognition of minority sentiment classes. Additionally, we present a comprehensive business intelligence and visualization solution that is personalized for the gastronomy tourism industry in Sarawak and offers real-time sentiment visualization. The optimization of sentiment classification, achieved through the integration of synonym augmentation and n-gram feature engineering in conjunction with kNN classifiers, has yielded impressive results. This approach attains optimal classification performance, boasting an accuracy rate of 0.98, a F1-score and a ROC-AUC score of 0.99. Notably, this methodology significantly enhances the recognition of minority sentiment classes within the dataset, addressing the main challenges in this research.

The purpose is to optimize emotion recognition capabilities in the tourism industry during emergency events and enhance management efficiency. Hence, based on the principles of emergency events and emotion recognition, this work has outlined the fundamental emotion recognition process. Additionally, an emotion recognition model is constructed based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and the process of extracting emotions using a three-dimensional (3D) CNN is proposed. Finally, an attention mechanism is employed to optimize the 3D CNN model, and a comparative analysis of accuracy and precision is conducted using the Bimodal Face and Body Gesture Database (FABO). The research findings reveal that the optimized 3D CNN model exhibits lower error rates in recognizing anxiety emotions, with only 3 samples going unrecognized. Its overall recognition performance is superior to other models. There are variations in the recognition accuracy among different models, but in general, the optimized 3D CNN model performs relatively well across various datasets, achieving recognition accuracies of 83.92%, 82.33%, and 88.81%. Compared to other models, the optimized 3D CNN model demonstrates higher precision in recognizing different emotions, particularly excelling in identifying anger, disgust, and happiness, with precision rates of 97%, 91%, and 94%, respectively. This work has improved the accuracy and efficiency of emotion recognition, providing more intelligent and effective support for emergency event management in the tourism industry.

In this investigation, we propose a solution for the author’s gender identification task called AGI-P. This task has several real-world applications across different fields, such as marketing and advertising, forensic linguistics, sociology, recommendation systems, language processing, historical analysis, education, and language learning. We created a new dataset to evaluate our proposed method. The dataset is balanced in terms of gender using a random sampling method and consists of 1944 samples in total. We use accuracy as an evaluation measure and compare the performance of the proposed solution (AGI-P) against state-of-the-art machine learning classifiers and fine-tuned pre-trained multilingual language models such as DistilBERT, mBERT, XLM-RoBERTa, and Multilingual DEBERTa. In this regard, we also propose a customized fine-tuning strategy that improves the accuracy of the pre-trained language models for the author gender identification task. Our extensive experimental studies reveal that our solution (AGI-P) outperforms the well-known machine learning classifiers and fine-tuned pre-trained multilingual language models with an accuracy level of 92.03%. Moreover, the pre-trained multilingual language models, fine-tuned with the proposed customized strategy, outperform the fine-tuned pre-trained language models using an out-of-the-box fine-tuning strategy. The codebase and corpus can be accessed on our GitHub page at: https://github.com/mumairhassan/AGI-P

In the dynamic and evolving tourism industry, engaging with stakeholders is essential for fostering innovation and improving service quality. However, tourism companies often struggle to meet expectations for customer satisfaction through interactivity and real-time feedback. While new digital technologies can address the challenge of providing personalized travel experiences, they can also increase the workload for travel agencies due to the maintenance and updates required to keep travel details current. Intelligent chatbots and other generative artificial intelligence (GAI) tools can help mitigate these obstacles by transforming tourism and travel-related services, offering interactive guidance for both tourism companies and travelers. In this study, we explore and compare the main characteristics of existing responsive AI instruments applicable in tourism and hospitality scenarios. Then, we propose a new theoretical framework for decision making in the tourism industry, integrating GAI technologies to enable agencies to create and manage itineraries, and tourists to interact online with these innovative instruments. The advantages of the proposed framework are as follows: (1) providing a comprehensive understanding of the transformative potential of new generation AI tools in tourism and facilitating their effective implementation; (2) offering a holistic methodology to enhance the tourist experience; (3) unifying the applications of contemporary AI instruments in tourism activities and paving the way for their further development. The study contributes to the expanding literature on tourism modernization and offers recommendations for industry practitioners, consumers, and local, regional, and national tourism bodies to adopt a more user-centric approach to enhancing travel services.

Background This study delves into the intricate interplay among paradoxical leadership (PL), employees’ proactive work behaviour (EPWB), and perceived psychological contract fulfilment (PPCF). PL, characterized by its simultaneous emphasis on apparently contradictory behaviours, has garnered attention due to its potential to foster innovation, adaptability, and creativity. The study’s main objective is to thoroughly explore the complexities of PL, its influence on EPWB, and whether the PPCF serves as a mediator. Methods A survey was distributed to 338 hotel and travel agency employees to gather data. The data was analysed using structural equation modelling through a SmartPLS program. Results The results reveal a positive correlation between PL and EPWB. Additionally, PPCF partially mediates this relationship, indicating its vital role in exploring the positive impact of PL on boosting proactive behaviours. Conclusions This research brings forth meaningful contributions to both theoretical and practical dimensions. Theoretically, it enhances our comprehension of how PL manifests in the distinctive landscape of the hospitality and tourism domain, substantiating its potential to drive proactive behaviours among employees. The mediation of PPCF enriches our grasp of the underlying mechanisms, accentuating the significance of maintaining harmonized and consistent leadership practices. From a practical vantage point, these findings offer valuable insights for hospitality and tourism establishments aspiring to optimize their leadership strategies for cultivating proactive work behaviour among their workforces.