Search

The article suggests a methodological approach to assessment of speed costs of transport systems at the new technological paradigm ( The Fourth Industrial Revolution ). Objective: The purpose of the work is to study economic effects of transport and logistical systems (TLS) performance as the infrastructure of high speeds economics. Methods. Deep analysis of railway infrastructure as a subsystem has been given, which has marked competitive advantages and ensures inclusion of the transport system in the new technological paradigm. The basic parameters of influence of new technological paradigm on transport systems, namely, dominance of global network production and consumption, supply chain management and added value creation through integration of products and services. The methodology of the study is based upon quantum description of the economics as a combination of the initial indivisible (quantum) economic structures (model or image), actions and relations between them (service business model), processes (predictive maintenance, state tracking), economic interaction between economic action objects (joint use of resources, instant response) in the space and time. The authors have introduced the notion of high speed economics as a measure of the society’s taking innovations, which changes all national and global markets, access to them, and interbranch value chains creation. Time management, high speeds are the key competitive advantages of the scheme: “order – fulfillment of the order (service business model)”. Results. The methods for assessment of speed of TLS, new nomenclature, method of high speed caused effects assessment have been developed. The algorithm of decision making about value of high speeds for transport services consumers in the new technological paradigm has been justified. On the basis of the analysis of three different distance transformation: length, connecting two objects (expressed in length units), costs and time (speed) for covering distance, − practical application of vector coefficient of the intensity of motion processes as the unit of measurement of any motion has been justified. As the assessment of time and space efficiency of TLS projects’ development, the product of the weight of the goods transported and vector coefficient of motion intensity is used.

The Industrial Internet of things (IIoT) is the main driving force behind smart manufacturing, industrial automation, and industry 4.0. Conversely, industrial IoT as the evolving technological paradigm is also becoming a compelling target for cyber adversaries. Particularly, advanced persistent threats (APT) and especially botnets are the foremost promising and potential attacks that may throw the complete industrial IoT network into chaos. IIoT-enabled botnets are highly scalable, technologically diverse, and highly resilient to classical and conventional detection mechanisms. Subsequently, we propose a deep learning (DL)-enabled novel hybrid architecture that can efficiently and timely tackle distributed, multivariant, lethal botnet attacks in industrial IoT. The proposed approach is thoroughly evaluated on a current state-of-the-art, publicly available dataset using standard performance evaluation metrics. Moreover, our proposed technique has been precisely verified with our constructed hybrid DL-enabled architectures and current benchmark DL algorithms. Our devised mechanism shows promising results in terms of high detection accuracy with a trivial trade-off in speed efficiency, assuring the proposed scheme as an optimal and legitimate cyber defense in prevalent IIoTs. Besides, we have cross-validated our results to show utterly unbiased performance.

El internet de las cosas, también conocido como IoT por sus siglas en inglés (Internet of Things), es un nuevo paradigma tecnológico que permite la interconexión de objetos (las cosas), servicios y/o personas por medio de internet. IoT introduce nuevas herramientas que enriquecen el trabajo en diferentes sectores industriales. Este artículo presenta un estudio del trabajo desarrollado en todo el mundo en tecnologías con base en el concepto de IoT en el marco de la industria del cuidado de la salud, incluyendo métodos, estadísticas y casos de éxito. En la última sección, se discute sobre el trabajo realizado en este ámbito en el contexto colombiano, incluyendo aplicaciones exitosas y proyectos que se encuentran en desarrollo.

Using segmented linear regression to reanalyze the "best-guess" maximum reported age at death data supplied in Aubrey de Grey's editorial, we find compelling evidence for a breakpoint in the mid-1990s, with a positive slope before the breakpoint and a flat or slightly negative slope after it. This confirmation of our earlier results was also modeled using exponential regression. Both the segmented and exponential models were superior to a simple linear regression, providing a better fit for the data even after taking into account their greater number of parameters. These findings are highly robust to the removal of several points from the data and bolster the existing evidence for a limit to human lifespan. Taken in light of both our original analysis and its confirmation by several independent groups, this latest result provides yet more evidence that human lifespan has reached its limit under the current technological paradigm. However, we cannot discount the possibility that novel innovations could propel human lifespan beyond the limit we have identified, if they can overcome the considerable challenges facing them.

A technological paradigm shift is underway. Nearly every day, we learn about another major technological breakthrough that promises to have life-changing effects. Driverless vehicles are taking to ...

The rapidly deepening environmental crisis, generated by antagonistic contradictions between limited biological and mineral resources of the Earth and the unlimited growth of needs of developing technocratic civilization, predetermines the necessity to seek ways of eliminating these contradictions in all spheres of human economic activity. The authors propose solutions to such problems in the sphere of mineral resources by changing the technological paradigm of their comprehensive exploration through creating and using a naturelike technology of developing deposits, which is methodologically based on homeostatic transformation of the principles of existence of biological systems into the functional structure of geotechnology.

Biofuels produced from renewable energy biomass are playing a more significant role because of the environmental problems resulting from the use of fossil fuels. However, a major problem with biofuel production is that despite the range of feedstock that can be used, raw material availability varies considerably. By combining a series of theories and methods, the research objective of this study is to determine the current developments and the future trends in biofuel feedstock. By combining technological paradigm theory with literature mining, it was found that biofuel feedstock production development followed a three-stage trajectory, which was in accordance with the traditional technological paradigm – the S-curve. This new curve can be divided into BFDP (biofuel feedstock development paradigm) competition, BFDP diffusion, and BFDP shift. The biofuel production diffusion velocity model showed that there has been constant growth from 2000, with the growth rate reaching a peak in 2008, after which time it began to drop. Biofuel production worldwide is expected to remain unchanged until 2030 when a paradigm shift is expected. This study also illustrates the results of our innovative procedure – a combination of the data analysis system and the technological paradigm theory – for the present biofuel feedstock soft path that will lead to this paradigm shift, with integrated biofuel production feedstock systems expected to be a significant new trend.

My response to Humphry begins with some reflections upon why it is that after more than a century, psychometrics still lacks plausible substantive theories underwriting its claims to measure mental attributes and I explore the possibility that it is more myth-based technology than science. Historically, psychometrics has lacked any interest in coming to grips scientifically with the logical commitments of the presumption, implicit in the theories it does have (e.g., its Item Response Theories), that the attributes it aspires to measure are continuous quantities. This lack of interest might also explain Humphry’s misunderstanding of what is involved in the measurement theory axiom of continuity and his curious claim to have located a paradox therein. However, his attempt to rule the entire corpus of measurement theory as irrelevant to the enterprise of constructing and investigating substantive, psychometric theories betrays a failure to recognise that the form of substantive, quantitative theories also raises issues requiring empirical investigation.

While small hydropower is seen as a feasible dynamic renewable energy, mature technologies and substantially undeveloped potential have restricted its full development. Reducing water and electricity shortages to strengthen or optimize the water-energy nexus by utilizing the near 100 GW potential of small hydropower is a key research area. This paper develops soft path solutions for small hydropower sustainable development based on a technological paradigm study. A small hydropower development study was conducted using an improved data analysis system which analyzed the interconnectedness between sustainability, renewability and management trends. Timeline and cluster visualization identified that while construction technologies were mature, management development was lagging behind, but that small hydro-based hybrid renewable power systems would be promising trajectories in the future. These findings mirrored the stagnant developments in small hydropower as a competitive renewable energy and the neglect of its potential as a sustainable future power source development. Through the establishment of a small hydropower technological paradigm, soft paths towards economic, social and environmental sustainability were identified. Instruments of technological transformation, renewable policy support and mechanism innovation are recommended for the sustainable development of small hydropower.

本稿の目的は、革新技術の開発において、①技術パラダイムはどのようなプロセスを経て転換するか、②新たな技術パラダイムはどのように創造され、そのために大切な要件は何か、を明らかにすることである。近年を代表する革新技術開発の事例として、青色LED 向け半導体材料開発での3 つのパラダイム転換に着目し、そのプロセスを調査分析した。その結果、技術パラダイムの転換プロセスの仮説を、「既存の技術パラダイムでの行き詰まり」「解決方法との遭遇」「新たな技術パラダイムの再構成」と考え、事例分析により検証した。また、「解決方法との遭遇」のための新たな概念として「ひらめきの期待試行」を定義し、その成立要件を考察した。, In this paper, I focus the detailed process of technological paradigm shift in technology development of materials in order to consider how to create a new technological paradigm and what important requirements for that are. As an example of recent innovative technology development, I analyze three technological paradigm shift cases in the development of semiconductor materials for blue LEDs. Case studies show that technological paradigm shift consists of three processes: "stalemate in the existing technological paradigm," "encounter of a new resolution," and "reconstruction of a new technological paradigm". I also present the new concept of "expected trial of inspiration" and consider the requirements of it for realizing "encounter of a new resolution" in the technological paradigm shift.

In contrast to the European historical experience, Africa’s urban infrastructural systems are characterised by stagnation long before demand has been saturated. Water infrastructures have been stabilised as systems predominantly providing services for elites, with millions of poor people lacking basic services in the cities. What is puzzling is that so little emphasis has been placed on innovation and the adaptation of the colonial technological paradigm to better suit the local and current socio-economic contexts. Based on historical case studies of Kampala and Nairobi, this paper argues that the lack of innovation in African urban water infrastructure can be understood using Pinch and Bijker’s concept of technological closure, and by looking at water technology from its embedded values and ideology. Large-scale water technology became part of African leaders’ strategies to build prosperous nations and cities after decolonisation and the ideological purpose of infrastructure may have been much more important than previously understood. Water technology had reached a state of closure in Europe and then came to represent modernisation and progress in the colonial context. It has continued to serve such a similar symbolic purpose after independence, with old norms essentially being preserved. Recent sector reforms have defined problems predominantly as of economic and institutional nature while state actors have become ‘unseeing’ vis-a-vis controversies within the technological systems themselves. In order to induce socio-technical innovation towards equality in urban infrastructure services, it will be necessary to understand the broader incentive structure that governs the relevant social groups, such as governments, donors, water suppliers and the consumers, as well as power-structures and political accountability.

The essay examines the role played by the energy constraint in conditioning the Italian chemical industry after World War II. Early adoption of the new technological paradigm based on the use of hydrocarbons creates opportu-nities for growth until then unknown for Italian companies. Nevertheless, the lack of an organic link with the national refining industry and a clear indu-strial policy on sectoral level brings over the sixties the focus of new indu-strial initiatives in basic petrochemicals. The increased competitiveness of the industry eventually results in a serious weakening of the major groups. The exhaustion of the national natural gas reserves and the outbreak of the first oil crisis at that point will mark the beginning of an irreversible decline of the Italian petrochemical industry

The formation of a new technological paradigm called “Industry 4.0” and the economic structure contributes to the transformation of social reality, in which all spheres of life and behavior of people radically change. The new model of labor and employment by analogy was called “Work 4.0”, it is intensively developed in countries with advanced economies and contains new opportunities, but, at the same time, risks. New forms of labor, cooperation and exchange are developing, the Internet connects people with cars and things. Labor activity becomes transparent and is controlled from the outside. As the boundaries of innovation expand and the opportunities for education improve, the quality of labor resources grows, but the profile of the employee and the requirements put upon him are being changed. Work becomes autonomous and mobile, and the performance of labor functions is associated with the mastery of many competences, among which lifelong learning and digital literacy is given special importance in the digital age. In Russia, the process of transformation of mass labor and employment is much slower, research focuses only on a few so-called “atypical” forms of employment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the prevalence of new aspects and facets of labor among Russian workers connected with mobility and digital technology. Here secondary data of the RLMS-HSE reveal the prevalence of the use of the Internet in the broad masses of dependent workers (at enterprises, in organizations), a professional profile of employees has been drawn up, and the specifics of their work activities are indicated at the present time. Unfortunately, in Russia both the degree of use of the Internet in performing professional responsibilities, and the development of skills, in comparison with the developed countries, is still at a rather insignificant level. The main goal is regular development of digital competencies for both current and future employees. Refs 22. Tables 5.

A fundamental problem in the field of management of technology is how firms develop radical and incremental innovations that sustain the competitive advantage in markets. Current frameworks provide some explanations but the general sources of major and minor technological breakthroughs are hardly known. The study here confronts this problem by developing a conceptual framework of problem-driven innovation. The inductive study of the pharmaceutical industry (focusing on groundbreaking drugs for lung cancer treatment) seems to show that the coevolution of consequential problems and their solutions induce the emergence and development of radical innovations. In fact, firms have a strong incentive to find innovative solutions to unsolved problems in order to achieve the prospect of a (temporary) profit monopoly and competitive advantage in markets characterised by technological dynamisms. The theoretical framework of this study can be generalised to explain one of the sources of innovation that supports technological and industrial change in a Schumpeterian world of innovation-based competition.

The up-to-date methods of powder metallurgy and casting technology are considered. They can be used to apply the design and technological solutions that are intended to form parts with the optimum space configuration, to deLcrease the number of assembly elements, and to decrease the number of mechanical and welded joints in units.

The arrival in France of new varieties resistant to downy mildew and powdery mildew calls into question the aims of this “revolution” in a sector dominated by tradition. The proposed evaluation reviews the historical experience of cross-breeding programmes from an evolutionist standpoint before analysing the responses to the new technological paradigm of resistance to disease. Taking account of the time periods, dating their implementation and describing the opportunities open to winemakers, the paper revisits the scientific controversies, the institutional blockages to be eliminated, the means of recognition and the prospects.

The world is about to enter a new technological evolution with cyber-physical systems in its basis. One of the vital questions is exploring of new approaches to training specialists capable to develop, contribute and maintain corporate and industrial infrastructure in the new technological framework. The main goal of this research is to show approach to complex training of qualified specialists in the upcoming economic and technological paradigm in terms of three aspects: whom to teach, what to teach, and how to teach. Interrelation and the impact of these three aspects on training highly demanded professionals in the field of cyber-physical systems and control are shown in the article. The main emphasis is made on the question “How to teach?”

It should come as no small surprise, especially to those of you reading this book, that the business landscape at large is in the midst of a technological paradigm shift. That phrase may appear to be to be excessive or perhaps a little buzzworthy, but it is difficult to think of a word or phrase that would be equally appropriate. In addition to the underlying trends that are redefining society and business at large, namely demographic changes, the machinations of global trade, and the increased digitization of information, there are who new areas of business and science being developed as we speak. Even the new technology tools that are the focus of this text, however, it is important to note that the evolution, iterations, and developments of accounting and financial services is not necessarily new; the tools have continued to change rather than the goal of the tools themselves (Winsen and Ng 1976). With every new development, however, comes the proverbial push and pull of innovation and regulation; blockchain and artificial intelligence are not exempt from this market reality. These dynamics, specifically as the relate to the accounting profession, represent forces and changes that must acknowledged and addressed in a proactive manner. Accounting professionals seem to be aware of, from the number of articles and discussions focused around the emerging technology space itself, but action steps still seem to be a work in progress. Specifically, as of this writing, there is no authoritative or definitive guidance issued by any accounting institutions or bodies that have entered into the marketplace. To kick things off and to help frame the conversation, Fig. 2.1 presents a summary and highlight of trends that are changing the accounting profession from its current position to where many experts predict it will end up.

This chapter focuses on Internet of Things (IoT) in blockchain ecosystems. IoT is a technological paradigm that bridges physical and digital worlds over a global network. There are a number of major challenges such as privacy and security. Blockchain can be a solution to these problems. In the literature, the subject is mostly discussed from technical and technological points of view. In this chapter, the topic is examined in a comprehensive manner including organization and business management perspectives. The chapter will begin with a comprehensive overview of IoT. Key features, different perspectives, developments and challenges about IoT will be described. The next section, blockchain based IoT as a solution to major challenges of IoT, will be explained. The relationship between IoT and blockchain will be described. Advantages of using blockchain for IoT, areas of usage, barriers and recommendations will be presented. Section 3.4 will be on its impact over businesses. Section 3.5 is devoted to emerging trends and future areas for research. The last section will conclude the chapter. Through the publication of this chapter, it is intended to be contributed to the literature on the Internet of Things and blockchain ecosystems. The chapter is expected to foster the research activities on the subject integrating organization and business management studies.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technological paradigm which aims to connect, in a global network, several devices and intelligent machines capable of exchanging information with each other. IoT purpose will only be achieved when the entities present in this network can fully interoperate with each other. However, the heterogeneity of devices, and the contexts in which they are inserted, can create obstacles in terms of interoperability. This paper aims to describe a systematic mapping carried out with the aim of identifying primary studies dealing with interoperability in IoT context. The focus was on the pragmatic interoperability level, since most researches of the works propose solutions to support the technical and semantic interoperability levels. Twelve papers were selected and analyzed aimed of answering the research questions formulated. Few of them addressed pragmatic interoperability support and have explored solutions in the context of IoT.

Creating" smart cities" is becoming an integral part of the strategy to mitigate consequences of the problems caused by urban population growth and rapid urbanization. It allows finding out a new course for the development of certain regions' economy and the country as a whole. This problem is an essential new issue for the Russian Federation; however, only a few researchers focus on this topic. Most technologies and domains which a "smart city" is based on are connected with appropriate infrastructure. Roads and utility networks that have a significant impact on cities and regions matter a lot. The given article considers the hypothesis that the level and dynamics of the regional infrastructure development influence creation of "smart cites" considerably. The notion a "smart city" requires implementing new digital technologies, and it is based on opportunities that are offered within the transition to the new technological paradigm. Having reviewed significant amount of literature related to various branches of sciences, and used the rating of infrastructure development of regions and "The Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation until 2025", the city ranking in regard to opportunities of the efficient use for all regional resources is carried out. Based on the data from the portal "The Bank of Solutions of the Smart City" created by the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation to integrate best practices of smart cities development, projects executed in the cities taking part in the research are considered. Obtained results have allowed us to make conclusions on key challenges related to the development of smart cities and those transformations of a regional space that they are accompanied by. The advantages and disadvantages of smart city creation are identified.

Outra Agência Since the Second World War the US defense has been a major participant in the development of radical innovations in information and communication technologies, most famously probably the digital computer and the internet. A regularly present, but less known creator of R&D innovations is the intelligence community. To understand the role and impact of defense and intelligence-related research for driving innovations, using bibliographic analysis, we analyzed the scientific output promoted by the US National Security System and its impact on selected fields. Thus, this work was separated in two main parts. Firstly, with the aim to map the technological portfolio promoted by the US defense and intelligence agencies, we analyzed which technological paradigms were promoted and the development of these research trajectories over time. Thus, using bibliographic analysis, we clustered 82,239 scientific papers funded by the US national security system, published between 2009–2017 and retrieved from the Web of Science database, in research fronts. After that, we aggregated the research fronts into technological paradigms. Our analysis identified 33 technological paradigms promoted by the US defense’s sectoral system of innovation, such as quantum science and graphene as fields that could generate high impact in the new generation of radical technologies. The efforts of intelligence agencies was highly concentrated on quantum science, social forecasting, computer cognition and signal processing. In a second moment, we collected 1,525,328 documents from the Web of Science about Nanotechnology, Quantum Science, and Graphene, published between 2009-2017. These field were select because of their scientific and commercial relevance. Based on this new corpus, we compared the performance of the defense-related research with other kind of funding agencies. The factors analyzed were the following: degree of promotion of international collaboration, research impact, and research prestige. As result, we found that the US National Security System promotes researches of high impact and high prestige, with inconclusive results about the promotion of international collaboration. Our research highlights the role of US security players in shaping research fields showing that they are an active and important player in the current innovative landscape, a phenomenon that still need to be studied in depth. Desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial o sistema de defesa dos Estados Unidos tem sido um grande participante no desenvolvimento de inovações radicais em tecnologias de informação e comunicação sendo, provavelmente, as mais famosas o computador digital e a internet. Regularmente presente, a comunidade de inteligência, embora menos conhecida como propulsora do sistema inovativo dos Estados Unidos da América, é criadora de inovações de P&D. Para entender o papel e impacto pelo direcionamento de inovções através de pesquisas relacionadas à defesa e inteligência, por técnicas bibliométricas, analisamos a produção científica promovida pelo Sistema Nacional de Segurança dos Estados Unidos em campos cienificos selecionados. A pesquisa foi separada em dois vértices principais. O Primeiro, com o objetivo de mapear o portfólio tecnológico promovido pelas agências de defesa e inteligência, analisamos quais paradigmas tecnológicos foram promovidos e o desenvolvimento dessas trajetórias de pesquisa ao longo do tempo (2009-2017). Com este objetivo, através de análise bibliométrica, clusterizamos 82.239 artigos científicos financiados pelo Sistema Nacional de Segurança dos Estados Unidos, publicados no recorte temporal selecionado e recuperados da base de dados da Web of Science, em frentes de pesquisa. Em seguida, agregamos as frentes de pesquisa em paradigmas tecnológicos. Nossa análise identificou 33 paradigmas tecnológicos promovidos pelo sistema de defesa estadunidense, tais como ciência quântica e grafeno como áreas que podem causar grande impacto na geração de tecnologias radicais. Os esforços das agências de inteligência foram altamente concentrados na ciência quântica, previsão social, conhecimento computadorizado e processamento de sinais. No segundo momento, coletamos 1.525.328 documentos da Web of Science referentes à nanotecnologia, grafeno e ciência quântica, publicados também entre 2009 e 2017. Estes campos foram selecionados dada a relevância científica e comercial. Em seguida, comparamos o desempenho da pesquisa relacionada ao sistema de defesa com agências de financiamento de outra natureza. Os critérios analisados foram: o grau de promoção de colaboração internacional, nível de impacto e o prestígio das pesquisas. Como resultado, encontramos que o Sistema de Segurança Nacional dos Estados Unidos promove pesquisas de alto impacto e alto prestígio, com resultados inconclusivos no tocante à promoção de colaboração internacional. Nossa pesquisa realça o papel dos atores de segurança dos Estados Unidos em moldar campos de pesquisa, mostrando que eles são atores ativos e importantes no atual cenário de inovação, o que precisa ser analisado em profundidade.

Since the Second World War the US defense has been a major participant in the development of radical innovations in information and communication technologies (ICT’s), most famously probably the digital computer and the internet. A regularly present, but less known creator of R&D innovations is the intelligence community. To understand the role and impact of defense and intelligence-related research for driving ICT innovations, we analyzed which technological paradigms were promoted by US defense and intelligence agencies and the development of these research trajectories over time. Using bibliographic analysis, we clustered 82,239 scientific papers funded by the US national security system, published between 2009–2017, in research fronts, and after that aggregated the research fronts into technological paradigms. Our analysis identified main technological paradigms promoted by the US defense’s sectoral system of innovation, such as quantum science and graphene as fields that could generate high impact in the new generation of radical technologies. The efforts of intelligence agencies was highly concentrated on quantum science, social forecasting, computer cognition and signal processing. Our research highlights the role of US security players in shaping research fields.

Currently, Internet of Things (IoT) is a technological paradigm that is based on the collection of environmental data on a multitude of parameters (climatic, industrial, human, among others) through everyday objects to send it to higher instances such as data centers or cloud computing services, where it is processed and stored. Under this concept, despite the benefits of equipping any device with exceptional capacities, significant congestion is generated in the network as a result of an increasing number of connections. Consequently, fog computing emerges as a valid solution, since by performing local data pre-processing, the transmitted load is reduced. In addition, it grants the possibility of implementing adequate security measures, ensuring the veracity of the information. This research proposes the design of an IoT system for measuring environmental variables, consisting on a WSN, fog computing and cloud computing, which deploys end-to-end encryption techniques. Different tests are carried out, using the concept of living labs, reflected in a Web application that contemplates measurements of three indicators: carbon dioxide levels, polluting particles and environmental noise.

Part 2: Collaboration and Resilient Systems; International audience; Most democratic countries still use the traditional systems of paper ballots and voting boxes. As technology develops, new electronic voting systems have been proposed to modernize and facilitate the voting process. Most e-voting systems are based on centralizing models, i.e. client-server structures, which have been proved to be unreliable and prone to be affected by the same problems of any centralized computer system: Denial of Service attacks, server hacking, etc. The advent of cryptocurrencies in recent years has shed light on their underlying technology – blockchain – as a powerful decentralizing technological paradigm that keeps finding new areas of application outside this implementation, such as electronic voting. In this paper, we present a proposal for a voting framework based on blockchain technology and analyze its potential to improve current voting systems as well as the implementation drawbacks.

This paper analyzes the impact of digitization on the Music Global Value Chains (GVC), underlining the Brazilian market. In this sense, it observes the majors labels’ crisis and the digital aggregators emergence within this value chain. With this main objective, it adapts the governance concept from GVC approach to the creative industries context according to the Evolutionary economics perspective, combining the Veblenian microeconomics with the Neo-Schumpeterian macroeconomics. It concludes that aggregators’ rising is due to a successful adaptation to the new technological paradigm and the development of new tools for consumption habits formation, assuring the structuration of the expectations from consumers as well as firms such as indie labels and streaming platforms., O artigo analisa os impactos da digitalização sobre a Cadeia Global de Valor da Música, com foco no mercado brasileiro. Nesse sentido, observa-se a crise das gravadoras majors e a emergência dos agregadores digitais nessa cadeia de valor. Com esse objetivo principal, adapta-se o conceito de governança da abordagem da GVC ao contexto das indústrias criativas de acordo com o referencial téorico da economia evolucionária, combinando a microeconomia vebleniana com a macroeconomia neoschumpeteriana. Conclui-se que a ascensão dos agregadores passa pela bem-sucedida adaptação ao novo paradigma tecnológico e ao desenvolvimento de novos instrumentos de formação de hábitos de consumo, garantindo a estruturação de expectativas tanto dos consumidores quanto de firmas como gravadoras independentes e plataformas de streaming.

Additive manufacturing designates a set of technologies whose unique features open radically innovative design and production possibilities. Some early authors imagined that it would eventually allow decentralized and customized production of objects with complex shapes and in small quantities, thanks to flexible machines that could manufacture about everything. This could, in turn, triggers a new industrial revolution. However, at the present time, we are still in the exploration phase of this new techno-industrial paradigm.Inter-firm relationships appear to be crucial in the exploration of the additive manufacturing new techno-industrial paradigm. We study this exploration processes through the lenses of three specific types of inter-firm relationships.We first focus on value chain relationships. We look at a sector where the implementation of new offerings is already effective. The competitive battle to capture value is raging. Then, we study multipartner alliances where companies engage in a collective strategic exercise to prepare themselves for additive manufacturing. If players work collectively, they also think and develop their own strategy along the way. Finally, we look at dyadic alliances implemented to combine technological and industry capabilities to connect the technologies and potential needs that previously could not be properly served. These alliances allow players to implement additive manufacturing for a few specific applications.Based on these three sets of empirical observations on three different types of inter-firm relationships at three different stages of the exploration of the new paradigm, we present and discuss an integrative theoretical framework that models the exploration of a new techno-industrial paradigm as an iterative and intricate evolution process : the combined actions of the players involved in the exploration of the new paradigm in fact contribute to shape the technological trajectories as they aim at benefitting from the new opportunities offered., La fabrication additive désigne un ensemble de technologies dont les caractéristiques uniques ouvrent des perspectives de conception et de production radicalement innovantes. Certains ont imaginé qu’elle permettrait un jour la fabrication décentralisée et en petites séries d’objets personnalisés aux formes complexes, grâce à des machines flexibles capables de tout fabriquer ou presque, ce qui déclencherait une nouvelle révolution industrielle. Néanmoins, pour l’heure, nous sommes encore dans la phase d’exploration de ce nouveau paradigme techno-industriel.Nous étudions ce sujet au travers de trois instanciations particulières de ces relations inter-firmes. Nous nous intéressons d’abord à des cas où la mise en œuvre des nouvelles technologies s’est déjà opérée. Nous observons alors la transformation des chaînes de valeur où se jouent de nouvelles relations clients-fournisseurs, avec de la désintermédiation. Nous étudions ensuite des alliances multipartenaires au travers desquelles les acteurs mènent une réflexion stratégique collective pour se préparer à la fabrication additive. Si les acteurs travaillent collectivement, ils pensent et développent aussi leur propre stratégie. Enfin, nous nous penchons sur des alliances dyadiques qui visent à combiner des compétences technologiques et des compétences métier afin de rapprocher la technologie et ses applications potentielles, et donc de permettre aux acteurs de mettre en œuvre la fabrication additive pour de nouveaux usages.A partir de ces trois plongées dans des instanciations typées des relations inter-firmes à différents stades d’exploration d’un nouveau paradigme, nous proposons un cadre intégrateur qui théorise le processus itératif et entremêlé par lequel les acteurs explorent et tirent parti du nouveau paradigme techno-industriel, façonnant ainsi les trajectoires technologiques.

The authors discuss the process of formation of worldview and ethics among modern teachers in the context of establishment of a new system of values due to changing technological paradigms. Based on historical-pedagogic and moral values, which are the foundation of pedagogic education, prospects for the development of worldview ethics of future teachers have been identified in the context of changing technological paradigms. The authors emphasize the influence on the worldview and ethics of teachers of, on the one hand, natural-climatic factors, connected with the implementation of ethno-pedagogic origins of education, and, on the other hand, scientific-technical revolution, connected with intensive economic innovative development processes. The significance of environmental awareness in forming new ethical outlooks, connected with the understanding of existing environmental issues, is confirmed by empirical evidence.

Cloud computing is a technological paradigm that facilitates a universal platform for hosting and accessing services and data by means of a large number of shared resources by an equally large number of users across the globe. Since a large amount of data is involved, it becomes crucial to make the data available to the users on the go without compromising with the integrity of data. Data replication is used to make copies of the data and files such that they can be accessed without delay and also act as a backup in case of any failure. Here we have discussed crucial data replication algorithms, namely, adaptive data replication strategy (ADRS), high QoS-first replication (HQFR), build time algorithm, cost-effective incremental replication strategy (CIR) and dynamic replica control strategy (DRCS).

The directions and prospects for the devel­opment of managerial work and the roles of manag­ers during the change of the fifth technological par­adigm to the sixth one, expected in the 2020s, and during the beginning of the development of the sixth technological paradigm, expected in the 2030s, are analyzed. Based on expert assessments, the dynam­ics of managerial roles allocated by Henry Mintz­berg was evaluated, including the roles of: manager, figurehead, leader, liaison, information receiver, in­formation distributor, representative, entrepreneur, conflict and problem tamer, resource distributor, ne­gotiator. The general forecast of the expected dynam­ics of interpersonal management roles, information management roles and management roles associated with decision-making expected in the 2020-2030s is presented. The forecast was made on the basis of the consideration of objective laws of changes in man­agement concepts associated with the small (10‑year) cycles of economic activity by K. Zhuglyar within the framework of large (50‑year) cycles of economic ac­tivity by Kondratiev, focusing on the concept of the combinatorial approach to management, expected to be dominating in the 2020s, and on the management concept based on the use of human capital, expected as the basis for the economy of the 2030s. It is shown that the actualization of the majority of the roles of managers allocated according to G. Mintzbeng»s classification, is expected during the global economic crisis of the 2020s. It is predicted that in the 2020s during the period of the global economic crisis, the following managerial roles in the organization will be most demanded (according to G. Mintzberg): the role of liaison, the role of information receiver and the role of conflict and problem tamer. It is also predicted that in the 2030s, during the period of the beginning of economic activity growth within the framework of the sixth technological order, the most demanded managerial roles in the organization (ac­cording to G. Mintzberg) will be: the role of a leader, the role of information disseminator and the role of entrepreneur.

In 1982, Giovanni Dosi contributed with an explanation that attempted to conciliate the demand-pull and the technology-push views on technological selection. The solution based on Kuhnian analysis of scientific revolutions assumes the origins of technological changes to be independent of market factors, but ultimately validated by these same factors. This paper demonstrates that technological selection actually occurs within market processes, when entrepreneurs use their judgment to interpret and evaluate the scope of the habitual, conventional, and institutional routines shaping the social environment. Since entrepreneurs specialize around their idiosyncratic interpretations, business paradigms emerge that comprise different technological paradigms. Therefore, business paradigms instrumentally use technological paradigms in order to better correspond to the socially routinized and non-routinized behavior of market agents.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technological paradigm in the sphere of networks that has the potential to influence how we live and how we work. This technology allows communication between all types of physical objects over the Internet that includes data sharing and also allows data to be collected and actions taken based on the information received. “Things” in the “Internet of Things” consist of a variety of hardware specifications, communication capabilities and service qualities, making IoT heterogeneous in its nature. The lack of Reference Modelling IoT Architecture prevents a common approach to processing the generated data. The need to retrieve and analyze this data from the Internet based complex systems in real-time requires applying of statistical data analysis and machine learning (ML) techniques as well as a sufficient amount of computational resources. In the paper a methodology to deal with a variety of data is proposed. A modular IoT system is considered as an instance for implementation of several methods for processing of heterogeneous data. The approaches for resolving problems that can affect the creation of predictive models are outlined.

Pre-school education, as the first level of general human educa-tion, has been an important area in the 40-year work of the Department of Early Childhood Education and Media Pedagogy. During these years, the real-ity of pre-school education has undergone (and is still undergoing) a peculiar transition from the technological paradigm to the humanistic paradigm. In the technological approach, based on positive philosophy and behaviorism, the axis of education was the curriculum, and its central figure was the teacher. The role of the child consisted in adapting to the curriculum and the require-ments of the kindergarten. Children’s needs and their capabilities were not exhibited in the process of education. In the education based on a humanistic approach, derived from anti-intellectual naturalism, pedagogical progressiv-ism and humanistic psychology, the central figure is the child, and the main purpose of education is to support his/her development. The teacher is to be a helper, a guide and is to allow the child to grow according to his/her own developmental potential. Thus, the curriculum no longer plays the most im-portant role, but the child does – the entity. Parents have also been involved in the process of pre-school education, and they have also gained a sense of sub-jectivity. Due to the fact that changes in education do not take place quickly, and the pre-school education system has been firmly fixed for several decades, it can be said that currently pre-school education is in the stage of searching for its (new) path. Some elements of the technological system are still present, but we also observe many changes towards humanistic, subjective education

Technological revolutions mark profound transformations in socio-economic systems. They are associated with the diffusion of general purpose technologies that display very high degrees of pervasiveness, dynamism and complementarity. This paper provides an in-depth examination of the technologies underpinning the "factory of the future" as profiled by the Industry 4.0 paradigm. It contains an exploratory comparative analysis of the technological bases and the emergent patterns of development of Internet of Things (IoT), big data, cloud, robotics, artificial intelligence and additive manufacturing. By qualifying the "enabling" nature of these technologies, it explores to what extent their diffusion and convergence can be configured as the trigger of a fourth industrial revolution, and identifies key themes for future research on this topic from the viewpoint of industrial and corporate change.

A technological paradigm identifies the coherent features consistently present in the evolution of an innovation system over time. These shared characteristics refer to a widespread cluster of innovations during a given era that rely on a common set of scientific principles and on similar organizational methods. The idea of an overarching paradigm that depicts commonalities in innovation efforts may be applied at the level of an industry, a technical field, or in society as a whole, as in the case of a techno-socio-economic paradigm. Occasional paradigm shifts entail some change in the framework for innovation, while preserving certain features of the old ways in a new synthesis. Thus, paradigm shift takes the form of an Hegelian evolutionary or dialectical process. The evolution of an innovation system as a whole derives from the interaction or co-evolution of its central elements: knowledge, institutions, and technology in production. While conventional science isolates causal associations between specific parts of a system, Hegelian conceptual reasoning addresses the combined and interconnected movement of a complex relational system with multiple interdependencies. In the light of this contention, I argue that we should move away from age-old debates over whether social evolution or development is driven primarily by knowledge, by institutions or by the forces of production. Our attention should now turn instead to how these parts move together in an evolving system, and how their mutual goodness of fit adjusts during phases of paradigm shift and realignment.

Blockchain technology and blockchain applications sit at the cross-road of data science and Internet of Things applications where getting the governance right for this new technological paradigm is of core concern for leaders aspiring to realize smart city and living initiatives. In this research, we deploy computational simulation of self and regulated governance and extend the findings to the new blockchain technology ecosystems. We propose that getting the governance approach right is as important as getting the technological platform issues resolved.