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A sapphire single‐crystal gas‐pressure cell without external support allowing unobstructed optical access by neutrons has been developed and optimized for elastic in situ neutron powder diffraction using hydrogen (deuterium) gas at the high‐intensity two‐axis diffractometer D20 at the Institut Laue‐Langevin (Grenoble, France). Given a proper orientation of the single‐crystal sample holder with respect to the detector, parasitic reflections from the sample holder can be avoided and the background can be kept low. Hydrogen (deuterium) gas pressures of up to 16.0 MPa at 298 K and 8.0 MPa at 655 K were tested successfully for a wall thickness of 3 mm. Heating was achieved by a two‐sided laser heating system. The typical time resolution of in situ investigations of the reaction pathway of hydrogen (deuterium) uptake or release is on the order of 1 min. Detailed descriptions of all parts of the sapphire single‐crystal gas‐pressure cell are given, including materials information, technical drawings and instructions for use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article "Approaches to architectural graphic expression as a procedural tool" highlights the importance of manual drawing in architecture compared to new technologies. The authors compile original graphic material ranging from initial sketches to detailed technical drawings. The passion for drawing is emphasized as the thread that runs through the book, showing the connection between the twin authors over two decades of work. [Extracted from the article]

The study aimed to develop a small-scale drum dryer to meet the small enterprises' demand in the context to produce ready-to-eat food products to support stunting prevention. The design, manufacture, and thermal evaluation of a double drum dryer had been carried out. The development stage consisted of sizing the main components, creating technical drawings, determining component materials, manufacturing, and performance tests. The dryer drum dimension was 500 mm in diameter and 400 mm in length and 20 mm in thickness. The capacity of the double drum dryer was 10 kg/batch. The double drum dryer was powered by a 3-phase electromotor 2.24 kW. There are three transmission systems applied, i.e. gearbox, chain-sprocket and belt-pulley. The feeding system applied was nip feeding. The heat source originated from the steamer using an electric heater. Results of the test showed that the double drum drying machine had worked well as expected. The temperature distribution of both drums was fairly uniform, and the temperature uniformity in the drum surface showed good uniformity (minimum gradient temperature). The double drum dryer was able to produce good characteristics of products in the form of ready-to-eat products made from several ingredients (i.e. millets and red bean) which contain high macro and micronutrient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nabo is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Parliamentary Review is the property of Canadian Parliamentary Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

On the centenary of Gyula Hajnóczi's birth, we commemorate the architect, the archaeologist, the teacher, the writer, the scientist, as well as the man and our colleague in the framework of a conference. This time, in memory of the teacher of architecture history and our colleague at the department, his teachers are introduced from the time of the start of his career, from life and regime changing times. Hajnóczi's specialization, i.e. choosing the history of ancient architecture, took a definite direction from the very beginning of his practice. In addition to his certification in architecture, he soon obtained his diploma in archaeology, then achieved scientific titles and professional results. As an instructor, he conveyed the introductory knowledge of the architect profession, architectural drawing, and the history of the profession to the students on the basis of well-developed principles, performed in various ways. He followed the stages of architectural survey, technical drawing and graphic elaboration. His lectures on ancient architecture – Prehistoric Asia, Egypt, Hellas, Rome – were always performed according to an elaborated system, in a logical structure and always in an enjoyable form. His maxim was that architecture was the science of continuous building. Hajnóczi Gyula születésének századik évfordulójára konferencia keretében emlékezünk az építészre, a régészre, a tanárra, a szakíróra, a tudósra, illetve az emberre, a kollégára. Ezúttal az építészettörténet tanárára, a tanszéki munkatársra emlékezve felvázoljuk az ő tanárainak sorát pályakezdésének idejéből, a sors és rendszerfordító időkből. Szaktudománya, az ókori építészettörténet választása határozott irányt vett már működése elején. Építészmérnöki oklevele mellé hamar megszerezte a régészdiplomát, a tudományos címeket és a szakírói eredményeket. Oktatóként az építész szakma elejét, az építészeti rajztudást és a szakmatörténetet kidolgozott elvek alapján és változatosan közvetítette a hallgatók felé, az építé szeti felmérés, a szerkesztés és a rajzi kidolgozás lépcsői szerint. Az ókori építészetről szóló – Elő Ázsia, Egyiptom, Hellasz, Róma – előadásai mindig egy kidolgozott rendszer szerint, logikus szerkezetben és mindig élvezhető formában hangzottak el. Alapelve volt, hogy az építészet a tovább építés tudománya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for efficient agricultural equipment that is compatible with the characteristics of farms remains a crucial issue in Africa. The work aimed to design, fabricate and test a seeder for direct seeding. The method used consisted of collecting the farmers' equipment needs and the weakness of some direct seeders in the literature review. Then, the design of the planter components was carried out based on the mechanical characteristics of soil types and physical, mechanical, and kinetical properties of seeds in Benin Republic. Finally, a technical drawing of the seeder was made on the computer. The seeder was manufactured in a local mechanical workshop and tested in the field. This equipment is capable of sowing on unplowed soil, with an average capacity of 0.90 ha h-1 for two rows, a working speed of 1.6 m s-1 and a percentage seed damage of 1.28%. This seeder sows an average of two seeds per hole with an average distance of 0.25 m between seeds and 0.80 m between rows for sowing depth around 0.03 m. The optimization of this direct seeder will allow to support the farmers for the success and the extension of the area of the direct sowing under vegetable cover in Benin Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Form representation is essential for any area that involves the creation of artefacts, since without it the project is just an idea in the mental field. In general terms, it is the ability to perceive and understand shapes and represent them through perspectives and orthographic views, as well as through models and geometric models. Given the issues raised, it is possible to understand the importance of knowledge related to the graphic representation of architecture for professionals involved with the Aeco Industry (Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operation) and, also the relevance of graphic geometry disciplines on the development of Visiographic Three-dimensional Capacity. So, this paper aims to investigate the impact caused by the use of traditional and digital media in the teaching of graphic representation. To this end, two groups of students were compared, one exposed to the use of both media - analogic and digital - and another that used just digital media. From the application of questionnaires, it was possible to identify the student's profile, their preferences of media and difficulties encountered. The work presumes that students exposed to more disciplines of graphic geometry will have less difficulties compared to those who had less contact. The main results indicated that: there is a preference, in both groups, for digital media to perform practical activities; the need to adapt the content to each specific engineering and that the most significant difficulties were related to work management, regardless of the media used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an artistic work developed as part of the curatorial research Persistent Materialities, that experimented with different modes of documentation and mediation of loss of the post-industrial ruins of Freixo's Thermoelectric Power Station (Campanhã, Porto). Whereas this building becomes less legible as an official object of industrial heritage and yield into continuous ruination and post-human condition, the collaged photographs presented here constructs a narration and interpretation of a retrospective history. The visual representations usually surrounding the imaginary of this landscape highlight two fixed modes of its existence: historical photographs are instrumentalized in a conservative discourse of preservation while architectural collages and technical drawings project a possible future where the building is no more. Distancing from these visual representations that conceive the landscape apart from its contingent and material reality, the retrospective collages stage the complexity of layers that assemble and reassemble this palimpsestic landscape. The recollection of segments, traces and fragments of a dynamic and mutable history quest for the endurance of the transformed and transforming aspect of this heterotopic space rather than the landscape itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out on first-year engineering students in the subject of technical drawing, an eminently practical subject that requires the continuous development of spatial vision and also that students should devote time and effort to it from the very beginning. For the study we designed an auto-feedback activity to be applied to the students in the experimental group. The aim was to determine whether the students improved by this means their capacity for self-regulation and ultimately their academic performance. The students included in the experimental group obtained higher scores in the end-of-year self-regulation questionnaire (78.5) than those in the control group (66.47). There was a highly significant correlation (r=0.60; p<0.05) between the final grade and the class attendance rate. Although the auto-feedback treatment did not directly influence the final grades in the analysis of overall variance, it did have an indirect effect through the attendance variable; the students in the experimental group attended significantly more classes than those in the control group (82.2% vs. 68.6%; p<0.05). In fact, a comparison of the average final grades showed that the experimental group obtained significantly higher marks (6.97/10) than the control group (3.8/10). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review paper presents a systematic literature review on the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in engineering education, and specifically in student's spatial ability training, for the last decade. Researchers have explored the benefits of AR, and its application has been of increasing interest in all levels of education. Engineering students tend to have difficulties in acquiring visualization skills, and hence, AR is gaining momentum in enhancing students' learning achievements. This paper aims to present valuable information to researchers, tutors and software developers of learning technology systems concerning the advantages and limitations of AR in spatial ability training, the incorporation of adaptivity and personalization in AR applications as well as the aspects of spatial ability having been evaluated using AR and the prevalent evaluation methods for AR applications. To this direction, a total of thirty-two (32) studies were reviewed, having been published since 2010. The findings reveal an increase in the number of studies during the last three years. One major conclusion is the improvement of learners' spatial ability using AR in educational settings, and the noted challenge is the need for more learning content. One research gap that has been identified is the lack of personalization in the developed applications, offering space for future research. Concluding, this area is under-researched, and thus, there is scope for a lot of improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to read projection systems and describe projections of real objects in two-dimensional space are two important things that can lead potential engineering personnel to become professional vocational personnel in mechanical engineering. Therefore, this research is conducted to measure these abilities based on online learning activities in mechanical engineering drawing. There are two research variables used, namely reading and drawing on projection material. The quantitative descriptive method is used to process data on learning outcomes from these two variables collected from the online survey through structured assignments given to students. It can be concluded that the students could understand basic competency learning activities of projection images and complete drawing work which is distributed online properly. They could also complete the assignments according to the specified time given. Thus, drawing technique practices in the era of reality and virtual integration does not always require direct guidance from the supervisor. The online vocational education model can be developed for technology fields that require engineering technology skills in collaboration with the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen La realidad aumentada móvil (RA-m) además de ser una tecnología informática en auge es una herramienta innovadora que puede apoyar el proceso pedagógico en las aulas de clases universitarias, es por eso que la presente investigación tiene por finalidad mostrar una propuesta metodológica para su implementación, con la finalidad de facilitar el aprendizaje del razonamiento espacial de los alumnos, a través de la visualización y manipulación de objetos virtuales tridimensionales, fomentando la motivación del aprendizaje de los conocimientos y tópicos propios del curso de diseño industrial y dibujo técnico para la carrera de ingeniería industrial. Se han elaborado una colección de figuras geométricas con ayuda de herramientas tecnológicas como software de modelamiento 2D y 3D, programa de diseño asistido por computadora y softwares de aplicación de realidad aumentada. Se propone una metodología actualizada, al alcance de cualquier docente, orientada al estímulo delos procesos mentales relacionados al razonamiento espacial de los alumnos, que integra herramientas tecnológicas en la didáctica de sistema diédrico y las distintas proyecciones gráficas. Abstract Mobile augmented reality (m-AR) in addition to being a booming computer technology is an innovative tool that can support the pedagogical process in university classrooms, which is why this research aims to show a methodological proposal for its implementation, with the purpose of facilitating the learning of the spatial reasoning of the students, through the visualization and manipulation of three-dimensional virtual objects, promoting the motivation of learning the knowledge and topics typical of the course of industrial design and technical drawing for the career of industrial engineering. A collection of geometric figures have been developed with the help of technological tools such as 2D and 3D modeling software, computer-aided design program and augmented reality application software.An updated methodology is proposed, available to any teacher, aimed at stimulating the mental processes related to the spatial reasoning of the students, which integrates technological tools in the teaching of the dihedral system and the different graphic projections. Keywords: pedagogical innovation; technical drawing; augmented reality mobile; university education. https://doi.org/10.22209/rt.v43n3a04

Technical drawing and graphic communications are an inescapable part of the development of technical creativity as well a part of general technology education. Computer-aided design (CAD) has been developing and used in the industry for almost six decades. For the past thirty years, CAD is gradually included in secondary and higher education, but also in general technology (technical) education in some parts of the world. Various studies have been conducted in this regard, which problematize the use of CAD programs in teaching. However, the former practice of the Croatian system of general and compulsory education did not include the application of these contents in teaching. Current changes in compulsory education in Croatia envisage the compulsory acquisition of digital competences of students, which also encourages the introduction of CAD in general education. This paper analyzes the relationships between technical designing (drawing), spatial intelligence and computer aided design with the aim of considering the justification, possibilities and challenges of introducing such content into the teaching of Technical Culture. Based on the analysis of the results of the research, the meaning of these contents for the development of pupils is discussed, and the possibilities for applying CAD in the course of Technical Culture are presented. In the end, guidance is provided for future research of the using CAD in Technical Culture teaching.

In the programming of the subject Graphic Representation, better known as Technical Drawing, in the lapum of Design careers at the University of Azuay, the experiences of the implementation of cognitive skills in the courses of the beginning of the professional training of the student. The results of the learning, in these eva-luations, have achievements in the prevention of the advance of the subject to give priority to the intervention of the student in their learning in the classroom, the resources of the conventional drawing tools, so that it is he who builds the knowledge from its motivation and efficiency to learn to learn.

(Neuhaus 2003) Evocation versus representation The reciprocal incompleteness of the image and the text allows Max Neuhaus to avoid the risk of representation, calling instead on evocation. This critique of the diptychs as representations is also there in the refusal to associate colors with pitches or qualities, Neuhaus clearly distancing himself from synesthetically motivated approaches (Neuhaus 2000). Each diptych thus includes "two drawings, one visual and one verbal - a drawn image and a handwritten text hung side by side" (Neuhaus 1994b:10). Ethnomusicology Review 22(2) Delineations of the Invisible: Notes on Max Neuhaus' Drawing Practice 1 Matthieu Saladin Straight lines are arranged on a page in landscape format, marking themselves out from each other at their junction point: vertical and horizontal lines, some obliques. [Extracted from the article]

Building on its classic application as a design tool, the hand drawing in the field of industrial design still holds an important position within the design process. It is extended by the digital processing possibilities. The advantages lie in the variety of expression possibilities and their speed. As a subjective means of expression, it can be a quality contrast to digitally generated images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of 3C Tecnologia is the property of Area de Innovacion y Desarrollo, SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Engineering Research & Development (IJERAD) is the property of International Journal of Engineering Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The perfecting of the teaching-learning process is a continuum for all the disciplines that are taught in higher education in Cuba. The discipline of drawing has had important transformations within this process, which has enabled the improvement of course content, methodologies, and other aspects. However, some difficulties still exist. This investigation attempted to uncover different types of learning diagnostics to obtain a measure that can be applied to the teaching of drawing. As a result, we propose a diagnostic procedure that was applied in four careers within the Universidad Tecnológica de La Habana, CUJAE. The results allowed us to identify the most common errors found in student assignments, which served as a basis for the elaboration of a manual available on the university's websites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Basic Education College Magazine For Educational & Humanities Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a learning outcomes-based methodology to produce a summative assessment to use in any course at any educational level. It takes into consideration the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) to define the learning outcomes, Bloom's taxonomy to define the assessment questions and the QR code to help managing large class size. The methodology has been applied in a case study regarding the technical drawing course of the BSc Engineering programme at the Faculty of Engineering in Italy. In general, the implementation of the new assessment, during the two academic years of analysis, has shown good results in terms of reduction of failures (7% in the first year and 3.9% in the second year), improvement of the weighted average mark (4.6%), reduction of the minimum mark obtained (8.1%), increase of the maximum mark obtained (3.1%) and time reduction of 48% to upload marks to the electronic register. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Military Engineer / Hadmérnök is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Undergraduate computer‐aided design (CAD) courses can have large enrollments, making it difficult for instructors to thoroughly assess each student's assignments and provide individualized feedback. While in some subject areas textbook companies are developing online platforms that adapt problem sets to meet each individual student's needs, there has been apparently little attention to the area of individualized CAD instruction. This paper presents a program that compares students' two‐dimensional CAD drawings to a solution, computes the number of missing or erroneous features in each student's drawing, and generates a visual comparison of each student's drawing with the solution. The system is implemented both as an offline version for batch processing and an online version for immediate student feedback on assignments. While the system lacks the "smartness" of a human grader, the offline version substantially reduces time spent grading exams and improves grading accuracy and consistency, and the online version encourages students to focus on important details of drawing and provides immediate online feedback for students as they complete assignments, as well as providing after‐the‐fact feedback on exams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study aims to determine the effect of augmented reality-based mobile software on students' academic achievement in the technical drawing lesson. Quantitative method was used in the study. In order to determine the effect of augmented reality-based mobile software developed on the students' academic achievement, a static group pre-test-posttest experimental design was used. The study group consists of 84 engineering students. Thirty-seven of the students participating in the study are female and 47 are male. Academic achievement test was used in the study. T -test was used in data analysis. In the results of study it was concluded that the use of augmented reality technology in technical drawing lessons increased students' academic achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]