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Along with the rapid development of the culinary industry, business competition is also getting tougher. Warung Oemah Tani serves a variety of menus and drinks, but to provide satisfying service to customers, business people must try to develop new products. Under these circumstances, the menu recommendations for Warung Oemah Tani need to be analyzed so that the recommendations made are right on target. This study aims to analyze the sales of Warung Oemah Tani using the FP Growth algorithm. This algorithm identifies the data set with the highest frequency of concurrent sales (frequent itemset). The results of the association rules show that the highest support value is 0.520 and the highest confidence value is 0.929, with a minimum support of 30% and a minimum confidence of 80%. Obtained 14 rule associations that meet the minimum support and minimum confidence.

The implementation of a sales forecasting strategy is very important to be done in the company. But there are still many companies that still have not implemented this strategy, such as pt. Pupuk Kujang Cikampek. This company is a state-owned enterprise that handles the manufacture of domestic fertilizers In addition to making subsidized urea fertilizer, this company also makes non-subsidized fertilizers. Unlike subsidized fertilizers whose production has been determined by the government, this non-subsidized fertilizer often undergoes changes in the amount of production and there is often a buildup of finished goods supplies. This research was made to find out the amount of estimated value of the next period of sales in jumbo-sized non-subsidized urea fertilizer products with the method Single Exponential Smoothing and Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE). Based on the research that has been done, the forecasting results for the next production period have experienced stability and the percentage value of forecasting is 20.66% which means that the forecasting model carried out is feasible. Previously, according to the data obtained, sales in 2019 were patterned as unstable. Where every month experiences sales that rise and fall drastically. Penerapan strategi peramalan penjualan penting sekali dilakukan pada perusahaan. Namun masih banyak perusahaan yang masih belum menerapkan strategi ini, seperti pada PT. Pupuk Kujang Cikampek. Perusahaan ini merupakan badan usaha milik negara yang menangani pembuatan pupuk dalam negeri Selain membuat pupuk urea bersubsidi, perusahaan ini juga membuat pupuk non subsidi. Berbeda dengan pupuk bersubsidi yang produksinya telah ditentukan oleh pemerintah, pupuk non subsidi ini sering kali mengalami perubahan dalam jumlah produksi dan sering terjadi penumpukan persediaan barang jadi. Penelitian ini dibuat untuh mengetahui jumlah nilai peramalan penjualan periode selanjutnya pada produk pupuk urea non subsidi ukuran jumbo dengan metode Single Exponential Smoothing dan Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE). Berdasarkan penelitian yang sudah dilakukan, didapatkan hasil peramalan untuk periode produksi selanjutnya mengalami kestabilan dan nilai persentase peramalan 20,66 % yang artinya model peramalan yang dilakukan layak. Sebelumnya menurut data yang didapatkan, penjualan tahun 2019 berpola tidak stabil. Dimana setiap bulannya mengalami penjualan yang naik turun secara drastis.  Â

Few studies have dealt with the topic of the history of city planning in medieval Morocco. Historians' neglect of this subject can be attributed to three main reasons. The first is the scarcity of urban morphographic writings from the medieval period. The second reason is the need for more awareness of the importance of architectural heritage and the neglect by regulatory bodies in activating legal protection for heritage sites and supporting those working on them. The third reason is historians' lack of interest in toponymy, which geographers traditionally dominated. Our choice of this topic aims to achieve two main objectives. The first is a methodological objective, which aims to build a comprehensive study through the field and cartographical studies and historical textual analysis. The second is a substantive objective, which aims to study the forms of planning in medieval Moroccan cities, as well as the extent of attention paid by the legislator to the social dimension in the distribution of areas, including residential areas and artisanal gatherings on the urban map, through the case study of the city of Salé.

Específicamente encontrara un caso de estudio muy enfocado al área comercial de la empresa objeto de estudio, partiendo de la premisa de que no se está midiendo el desempeño de la fuerza comercial y esto dificulta tomar una decisión objetiva de qué personas están realizando bien su labor y qué personas definitivamente no lo están haciendo, esto lleva a la gerencia a tomar decisiones erradas en cuánto a la continuidad de personas en la compañía y ocasiona qué no se retenga el buen talento y al contrario se siga trabajando con personas qué si bien tienen buenos resultados no tienen una prospección de ventas a un término mayor a un año, lo qué sin duda afecta los resultados comerciales a mediano y largo plazo. Finalmente se dará una solución cuantitativa y medible en el tiempo de cómo hacer un seguimiento detallado de la actividad comercial, cabe aclarar qué existen habilidades blandas qué todo vendedor debe tener dentro de su labor, pero no será el objetivo de este ensayo medir ni calificar esas habilidades. Lista de Tablas ................................................................................................................................ 3 Lista de Figuras............................................................................................................................... 5 Resumen.......................................................................................................................................... 6 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 7 1. Problema ..................................................................................................................................... 8 2. Solución .................................................................................................................................... 16 3. Conclusiones ............................................................................................................................. 34 Referencias.................................................................................................................................... 35 Specifically, you will find a case study very focused on the commercial area of the company under study, based on the premise that the performance of the commercial force is not being measured and this makes it difficult to make an objective decision about which people are doing their job well and which people are definitely not doing it, this leads management to make wrong decisions regarding the continuity of people in the company and causes good talent not to be retained and on the contrary to continue working with people who, although they have good results They do not have a sales prospect for a period of more than one year, which undoubtedly affects business results in the medium and long term. Finally, a quantitative and measurable solution will be given over time on how to carry out a detailed follow-up of the commercial activity, it is worth clarifying that there are soft skills that every salesperson must have in their work, but it will not be the objective of this essay to measure or qualify those skills. Especialización

В статье подчеркивается, что интеллектуальная деятельность является одним из ключевых элементов в развитии информационных технологий. Результаты интеллектуальной деятельности (РИД) в ИТ-сфере, такие как программы, приложения, алгоритмы, базы данных, являются ценным активом для компаний и индивидуальных предпринимателей. Для получения экономического эффекта необходимо использовать правовую охрану и методы их коммерциализации. Авторы рассматривают наиболее распространенные методы коммерциализации результатов интеллектуальной деятельности в ИТ-сфере., Intellectual activity is one of the key elements in the development of information technologies. The results of intellectual activity (RID) in the IT field, such as programs, applications, algorithms, databases, are a valuable asset for companies and individual entrepreneurs. To obtain an economic effect, it is necessary to use legal protection and methods of their commercialization. This article discusses the most common methods of commercialization of the results of intellectual activity in the IT sphere.

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[Resumen] En demasiadas ocasiones el patrimonio del deudor concursado es sometido a su liquidación para la satisfacción de sus acreedores. Aceptando que esta es la solución del concurso en la generalidad de los casos, la venta de todo o de una parte conjunta de los bienes del deudor en funcionamiento se erige en una opción que permite a través de un mero cambio de titularidad, la satisfacción de los acreedores y el mantenimiento de la actividad económica. Junto a estos objetivos, en la actualidad se explora la posibilidad de enajenar la unidad productiva con carácter previo a la declaración del concurso, para aprovechar las importantes ventajas que la anticipación del proceso de venta presenta, evitando así tanto la devaluación de los activos del deudor por el mero transcurso del tiempo como por la connotación negativa asociada a toda declaración del concurso. [Abstract] All too often, the assets of the insolvency debtor are subject to liquidation to the satisfaction of its creditors. Accepting that this is the solution of the contest on most cases, the sale of all or a joint part of the assets of the debtor in operation is an option that allows through a mere change of title, the satisfaction of the creditors and the maintenance of the economic activity. Along with these objectives, the possibility of disposing of the production unit prior to the announcement of the competition is currently being explored, in order to take advantage of the important advantages that the anticipation of the sale process presents, thus avoiding both the devaluation of the debtor’s assets by the mere passage of time and the negative connotation associated with any declaration of the arrangement.

Articolo di Ubaldino Peruzzi del 1848. Riprodotto da: Continuazione degli Atti dell'I. e R. Accademia economico-agraria dei Georgofili di Firenze, vol. 26.(1848), pp. [192]-207. Natura: a stampa., Digitalizzato come parte della Mostra virtuale: Ubaldino Peruzzi : un percorso in rete : in occasione del bicentenario della nascita https://www.georgofili.it/contenuti/ubaldino-peruzzi-un-percorso-in-rete/17485

Articolo di Ubaldino Peruzzi del 1853. Riprodotto da: Continuazione degli Atti dell'I. e R. Accademia economico-agraria dei Georgofili di Firenze, vol. 31.(1853), pp. [81]-93. Natura: a stampa., Digitalizzato come parte della Mostra virtuale: Ubaldino Peruzzi : un percorso in rete : in occasione del bicentenario della nascita https://www.georgofili.it/contenuti/ubaldino-peruzzi-un-percorso-in-rete/17485

Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema Geschäftsführerhaftung, insbesondere mit dem faktischen Geschäftsführer. In Österreich ist es erst seit Einführung des § 9a BAO mit 1.1.2013 möglich einen faktischen Geschäftsführer als Haftenden in Anspruch zu nehmen. Bis dahin haftete nur der formelle Geschäftsführer, welcher im Firmenbuch laut Gesellschafterbeschluss bestellt war. Oft war dieser Vertreter nach Feststehen der Zahlungsunfähigkeit einer Gesellschaft nicht mehr greifbar, vermögenslos oder nur der Strohmann, welcher oft vielleicht nicht einmal wusste, dass er Geschäftsführer ist. Der faktische Machthaber, welcher tatsächlich die Gesellschaft führte, war bis dato nicht haftbar zu machen obwohl eigentlich er die abgabenrechtlichen Pflichten verletzt hatte und womöglich bei ihm der Steuerausfall auch einbringlich wäre. Die neu eingeführte Norm zum faktischen Geschäftsführer wirkt nicht rückwirkend, das bedeutet, dass der faktische Machthaber nur für einen Steuerausfall haftbar gemacht werden kann, dessen Fälligkeit auch nach dem 1.1.2013 liegt, denn kaum war dieser Paragraph eingeführt, starteten die Finanzbehörden mit den Haftungsbescheiden für Abgaben welche weit vor dem 1.1.2013 fällig und festgesetzt wurden. Mitte des Jahres 2013 stellte der UFS klar, dass diese Norm nicht rückwirkend gelte. Im Gegensatz dazu ist in Deutschland der faktische Geschäftsführer schon immer in der deutschen Abgabenordnung verankert und sogar bis 1936 in einem Urteil des Reichsfinanzhofs ersichtlich. Um einen faktischen und/oder formellen Geschäftsführer, in Österreich oder Deutschland zur Haftung heranziehen zu können, müssen einige Tatbestandsvoraussetzungen vorliegen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es im ersten Teil den formellen Geschäftsführer und den faktischen Geschäftsführer in Österreich, mit all seinen Pflichten wiederzugeben. Es wird auf die Voraussetzungen zur Haftungsinanspruchnahme und auf das Haftungsverfahren eingegangen. Weiters wir der faktische Geschäftsführer in Deutschland mit seinen Tatbestandsvoraussetzungen und das Haftungsverfahren dargestellt. Anschließend werden beide Länder in der Haftungsfrage zum faktischen Geschäftsführer miteinander verglichen. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit wird auf die Umsatzsteuer in der Insolvenz näher eingegangen, welche Möglichkeiten dem Insolvenzverwalter bei halbfertigen Bauten, Anzahlungen, Eigentumsvorbehalt und Verwertung von Vermögen in der Insolvenz zur Verfügung stehen und was umsatzsteuerlich zu beachten ist, wenn er in laufende Verträge eintritt oder nicht. Es wird näher dargestellt, wann es sich, bei der angefallenen Umsatzsteuer um Masse- oder Insolvenzforderungen handelt, bei diesem Thema werden die beiden unterschiedlichen Meinungen von OGH und VwGH zur Vorsteuerberichtigung bei Liegenschaften näher erörtert. Außerdem wird auf die seit 1.1.2015 eingeführten Sonderregelungen bei Zwangsversteigerung von Liegenschaften und Veräußerung von Sicherungseigentum eingegangen. This thesis deals with the topic of managing director liability, in particular with the de facto managing director. In Austria, it has only been possible to make a claim against a de facto managing director as a liable party since the introduction of § 9a BAO on 1 January 2013. Until then, only the formal managing director, who was appointed in the company register according to the shareholders' resolution, was liable. Often, this representative was no longer available after the insolvency of a company was established, had no assets or was only the straw man, who often did not even know that he was the managing director. The de facto holder of power, who actually managed the company, could not be held liable until then, although he had actually violated the duties under tax law and the loss of tax could possibly also be recovered from him. The newly introduced rule on the de facto managing director does not have retroactive effect, which means that the de facto holder of power can only be held liable for a tax loss whose due date is also after 1 January 2013, because as soon as this paragraph was introduced, the tax authorities started issuing liability notices for levies that were due and assessed well before 1 January 2013. In mid-2013, the UFS clarified that this standard did not apply retroactively. In contrast, in Germany the de facto managing director has always been anchored in the German tax code and can even be seen until 1936 in a ruling of the Reichsfinanzhof. In order for a de facto and/or formal managing director to be held liable in Austria or Germany, certain prerequisites must be met. In the first part of this paper, the aim is to describe the formal managing director and the de facto managing director in Austria with all their obligations. The prerequisites for liability claims and the liability procedure are dealt with. Furthermore, the de facto managing director in Germany is described with its prerequisites and the liability procedure. Subsequently, both countries are compared with each other in the question of liability for the de facto managing director. The second part of this paper deals in more detail with VAT in insolvency, which options are available to the insolvency administrator in the case of half-finished buildings, advance payments, retention of title and realisation of assets in insolvency, and what has to be taken into account in terms of VAT when entering into ongoing contracts or not. It is explained in more detail when the accrued turnover tax is a claim of the insolvency estate or an insolvency claim, and the two different opinions of the Supreme Court and the Administrative Court on the adjustment of input tax on real estate are discussed in more detail. In addition, the special regulations introduced since 1 January 2015 for forced sales of real estate and the sale of collateral property are discussed.

This master's thesis examines the impact of marketing on property purchase price. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part is a theoretical literature review which describes basic definitions of marketing, marketing strategies and factors that influ-ence the purchase price of a property and conditions for doing business in the real estat industry specificallly in terms of real estate agents. The second practical part focuses on a selected real estate agency, its structure, functioning and marketing tools used. The development of prices of apartments and houses in the Czech Republic over the last four years was described. Subsequently, the practical part compares two similar properties during the period of the coronavirus pandemic and after it in terms of marketing tools used for their sale. At the end of this section a comparison was made between the real estate market and different marketing tools used in the USA and the real estate market and marketing tools in the Czech republic.

Aukcija je u 21. stoljeću, zahvaljujući razvoju suvremenih informacijskih i komunikacijskih tehnologija, postala znatno češćom i većem krugu subjekata dostupnijom metodom sklapanja ugovora o kupoprodaji sve različitijih vrsta robe, a ne tek umjetnina uz koje se ona tradicionalno vezuje. Gospodarska važnost aukcije popraćena je znatnim brojem djela u ekonomskoj znanosti, a 2020. godine Nobelova nagrada za ekonomiju dodijeljena je ekonomistima Paulu R. Milgromu i Robertu B. Wilsonu upravo za njihov doprinos razvoju ekonomske teorije aukcije i stvaranju inovativnih aukcijskih modela. Za razliku od ekonomske znanosti, pravna znanost ne obiluje djelima koja bi se bavila pravnim aspektima aukcije kao specifične metode sklapanja ugovora o kupoprodaji, a osobito ne takvima koja bi se njome bavila sveobuhvatno i sustavno. Stoga je znanstvena monografija Legal Theory of Auction, autora dr. sc. Kristijana Poljanca s Ekonomskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, nedavno objavljena na engleskom jeziku u nakladi Routledgea, raritet u svjetskim razmjerima. Znanstvena monografija Legal Theory of Auction rezultat je autorova višegodišnjeg istraživanja provedenog, među ostalim, na Pravnom fakultetu Buchmann u Tel Avivu, Europa-Institutu u Saarbrückenu i Max Planck Institutu za poredbeno i međunarodno privatno pravo u Hamburgu. Ono je svojevrsni nastavak autorova ranijeg istraživanja provedenog tijekom izradbe doktorskog rada Sklapanje ugovora o kupoprodaji putem dražbe, obranjenog 2019. godine na Pravnom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. No, objavljena monografija nije tek prijevod autorova doktorskog rada, već izvorno novo djelo koje u svojem većem dijelu obrađuje pitanja kojima se autor u doktorskom radu nije bavio. U znanstvenoj monografiji Legal Theory of Auction autor razvija opću pravnu teoriju aukcije koja počiva na poredbenopravnom istraživanju aukcijskog prava. Autor predstavlja karakteristične značajke aukcijskih prodaja koje određuju pravni pojam aukcije i donosi sustavnu analizu različitih ugovornih i izvanugovornih obveznopravnih odnosa koji nastaju među raznim sudionicima u povodu i tijekom aukcije. Predmetom monografije su isključivo privatnopravne aukcije, ne i prisilne javne prodaje na dražbama u različitim postupcima pred sudovima i drugim tijelima., Book review: Kristijan Poljanec, Legal Theory of Auction, Routledge, 2023

В последние годы широкое распространение получил бесконтактный способ незаконного сбыта наркотических средств путем производства тайников-закладок с активным использованием сети Интернет. В связи с этим правоприменитель сталкивается с проблемой квалификации незаконного сбыта наркотических средств в части, касающейся момента окончания деяния при его совершении бесконтактным способом. К сожалению, квалификация преступлений по определению момента окончания сбыта наркотиков бесконтактным способом устанавливается по-разному. В статье рассмотрены различные варианты сбыта, обобщена и проанализирована судебная практика, постановление Пленума Верховного Суда Российской Федерации в рамках представленной темы и предложены правила квалификации действий, связанных со сбытом наркотических средств. Обращено внимание на момент окончания сбыта, указанного в разъяснениях Пленума Верховного Суда Российской Федерации, и на то, что в материалах уголовных дел отсутствуют именно доказательства того, что приобретателей наркотических средств подыскали сбытчики и сообщили им информацию о месте нахождения данного средства., In recent years, a non-contact method of illegal distribution of narcotic drugs through the making of caches with the active use of the Internet has become widespread. In this connection, the law enforcement officer is faced with the problems of qualifying the illegal distribution of narcotic drugs with regard to the moment the act ends when it is committed in a non-contact way. Unfortunately, the qualification of crimes regarding determination of the moment of drugs distribution end in a non-contact way can be determined in different ways. The article discusses various distribution options, summarizes and analyzes judicial practice, the decision of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation within the framework of this issue, and proposes rules for qualifying actions related to narcotic drug distribution. Attention is drawn to the end of distribution indicated in the explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and to the fact that in the files of criminal cases there is no specific evidence that the purchasers of narcotic drugs were found by the distributors and they were informed about the location of this drug., Вестник Волгоградской академии МВД России, Выпуск 1 (64) 2023, Pages 16-21

À partir du cas des insectes auxiliaires utilisés pour la protection et la pollinisation des cultures de tomates sous serre, cet article analyse la relation entre le conseil et la vente de produits d’agrofourniture. Nous décrivons les pratiques des vendeurs d’insectes en tant que conseillers, ainsi que les mécanismes par lesquels ils engagent les clients dans une relation marchande durable. Symétriquement, nous mettons en évidence la façon dont les producteurs appréhendent cette situation et peuvent en jouer. En mobilisant la figure du « capteur-capté » proposée par Franck Cochoy, nous démontrons que cette relation associant conseil et vente ne se réduit pas à une situation de dépendance des agriculteurs vis-à-vis des conseillers, mais qu’elle s’avère réversible. Based on the case of beneficial insects used for the protection and pollination of greenhouse tomato crops, this article analyses the relationship between the agricultural advisory services and the sale of agro-products. We describe the practices of insect sellers in their role as advisors, and the mechanisms by which they engage customers in long-term market relationships. We symmetrically highlight the way in which producers grasp this situation and can play on it. By using the dialectic figure of “captation”, introduced by Franck Cochoy, we demonstrate that this relationship between advice and sales is not just a situation where farmers are dependent on advisors, but one that proves to be reversible.

GUI aplikacija za korištenje računala na blagajni maloprodajne trgovine. Aplikacija omogućava rad zaposlenika za prodaju artikala. Aplikacija omogućava administratoru sustava upravljanje artiklima i praćenje rada zaposlenika kroz jednostavni prikaz podataka koji su spremljeni u bazi podataka. Aplikacija je napravljena u Java programskom jeziku kako bi se omogućilo korištenje na različitim računalima neovisno o arhitekturi. GUI application for use on a cash register computer in a retail store. Application enables employees to sell items. The application enables the system administrator to manage items and monitor the work of employees through a simple display of data from a database. The application is made in the Java programming language to enable use on different computers regardless of architecture.

El Banco de Occidente es una entidad financiera perteneciente al Grupo Aval Acciones y Valores, al ser una empresa colombiana, su sede principal se encuentra en la Ciudad de Cali. Su trayectoria en banca ha sido mayor a 53 años; es reconocida gracias a su cultura organizacional y liderazgo. Generando en sus clientes fidelización gracias a su efectividad en procesos y su constante innovación. La división de Negocios internacionales desarrolla sus operaciones bajo la Circular Reglamentaria Externa DCIN 83 avalando cualquier tipo de operación cambiaria en el país. El profesional en práctica se responsabiliza de las operaciones cambiarias de compra y venta, en dos regionales a Nivel Nacional, la regional de Bogotá y la de Barranquilla, donde ejecutará las siguientes funciones: 1. Asesoramiento al cliente corporativo de banca PYME, mediante llamadas telefónicas para el cumplimiento de las operaciones internacionales, en las cuales predominan en el envío o recepción de abonos. 2. Apoyo en el envío de documentos o certificaciones que ratifiquen al cliente que sus operaciones fueron tramitadas con satisfacción, cumpliendo las normativas cambiarias ante el Banco de la República y la DIAN. El presente documento tiene como objetivo evidenciar el proceso de mejora desarrollado en la División de Negocios Internacionales en el Banco de Occidente por el estudiante en práctica, que tenía como finalidad la optimización de procesos en la compra y venta de divisas, a partir de la implementación de un CRM que integra la información para su consulta en tiempo real, por parte de todos los asociados a la operación, permitiendo una respuesta eficaz al cliente externo en desarrollo e su operación cambiaria. Concluyendo así, que una vez se aplicará este software disminuiría significativamente las llamadas de consulta sobre las operaciones de divisas por parte de los clientes incrementando índices de satisfacción, así como la productividad en el área disminuyendo el tiempo de respuesta a usuarios. Banco de Occidente is a financial institution belonging to Grupo Aval Acciones y Valores, being a Colombian company, its headquarters are located in the city of Cali. Its trajectory in banking has been more than 53 years; it is recognized thanks to its organizational culture and leadership. It generates customer loyalty thanks to its effectiveness in processes and constant innovation. The International Business division develops its operations under the External Regulatory Circular DCIN 83 endorsing any type of foreign exchange operation in the country. The professional in practice is responsible for the foreign exchange operations of purchase and sale, in two regions at national level, the regional of Bogota and Barranquilla, where he/she will perform the following functions: 1. Advice to the corporate client of SME banking, by means of telephone calls for the fulfillment of international operations, in which they predominate in the sending or reception of credits. 2. Support in the sending of documents or certifications that ratify to the client that their operations were processed with satisfaction, complying with the exchange regulations before the Banco de la República and the DIAN. The objective of this document is to demonstrate the improvement process developed in the International Business Division of Banco de Occidente by the student in practice, which was aimed at optimizing processes in the purchase and sale of foreign exchange, from the implementation of a CRM that integrates information for consultation in real time, by all those associated with the operation, allowing an effective response to the external customer in development and its foreign exchange operation. Thus concluding that once this software is implemented, it will significantly reduce the number of consultation calls on foreign exchange operations by customers, increasing satisfaction rates, as well as productivity in the area by reducing the response time to users. Profesional en Negocios Internacionales Pregrado

In Côte d'Ivoire, with Decree No. 97-19 of January 15, 1997, the national territory is subdivided into 33 major regions. The one located in the Center-West of Côte d'Ivoire is characterized by animal protein distribution networks. With the means of communication, they leave the rural hinterlands (immediate and distant) to reach the town of Daloa, the capital of the Haut-Sassandra region. Food security has prompted the creation of modern farms in peri-urban areas to meet the enormous needs of city dwellers for poultry meat. Notwithstanding, poultry farming in peasant habitats regularly offers traditional poultry (chickens and guinea fowl) to Daloa users. The objective of this study is to know the distribution network of traditional poultry in Daloa. The documentary research, the direct observation and the interview sessions with the actors animating the said distribution network, made it possible to have the data and information necessary to carry out this article. Thus, two supply zones rely on the means of communication to supply the city of Daloa with traditional poultry. With the advent of the avian flu virus A (H5N1) epidemic in 2015, the street sale of traditional poultry intensified in this capital of the Haut-Sassandra region. This activity thus constitutes one of the sources of acquisition of pecuniary gains for the peasants whose annual income is still derisory., {"references":["AYSSIWEDESimplice Bosco,DIENG A,HOUINATO M.R.B, CHRYSOSTOME C.A.A.M, ISSAY, HORNICK J.-L, et MISSOHOU Ayao, 2011,Elevage des poulets traditionnels ou indigènes au Sénégal et en Afrique subsaharienne : état des lieux et contraintes, in Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire • December 2013, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ consulté le 30/08/2022, Pp.103-119p","BROU Gboko Konan Gatien, 2020, Analyse technique de l'élevage du poulet traditionnel en milieu rural dans le département de Dimbokro en Côte d'Ivoire, in Agronomie Africaine 32 (2), Pp.121-134","COMPAORE Félicité Marie Christine, 1988,Contribution à l'étude de la commercialisation des œufs et de la volaille au Burkina Faso,Mémoire de fin d'études,Université de Ouagadougou Institut du Développement Rural (I.D.R.), Ouagadougou, 61p","DIOP Aly, 1982, Le poulet de chair au Sénégalproduction commercialisationperspectives de développement, Thèse d'Etat, l'Université de Dakar, 213P","ESSOH Aimé Franck Etienne, 2021,Les importations de viandes de volailles et la filière avicole en Côte d'Ivoire de 1999 à 2003, Thèse de Doctorat d'Etat, Université Cheikh Anta-Diop de Dakar,Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine vétérinaires (E.J.S.M.V.), 136p","FAYE Saliou, 2022, Amélioration de la productivité et performance de reproduction du cheptel aviaire en milieu rural dans la région de Kolda, Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, www.agrimaroc.org, consulté le 02/09/2022, Pp.85-91","LOUKOU N'Goran Etienne et al., 2021,Caractéristiques du système d'exploitation des poulets locaux dans deux zones agro-écologiques (Sud forestier et Centre savanicole) de la Côte d'Ivoire, EuropeanScientific Journal, ESJ, June 2021 Edition Vol.17, No.21,www.eujournal.org, consulté le 01/09/2022, Pp. 240-262","MBOUGASikangueng Fidèle Constant, 2011,Etude de la commercialisation du poulet local sur l'axe Louga-Dakar au Sénégal : acteurs, marchés, circuits et systèmes de transport,Mémoire de Master II, Université Cheikh AntaDiopde Dakar/ Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et MédecineVétérinaires (E.I.S.M.V.), Dakar, 33p","MINISTÈRE D'ÉTAT, MINISTÈRE DU PLAN ET DU DÉVELOPPEMENT, 2014, Répertoire des localités : Région du HAUT-SASSANDRA, INS, 42p","NAHIMANA Grégoire et al., 2018, Pratiques de l'approvisionnement et de la commercialisation de la poule locale, Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 12(6): 2753-2765, December 2018,http://www.ifgdg.org, consulté le 29/08/2022, Pp.2753-2765","NDAYISENGA Fabrice, 2010, Socio-économie de l'aviculture traditionnelle dans la région de Saint-Louis (Sénégal),Mémoire de Master II, Faculté ses Sciences et Techniques (F.S.T)/Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires (E.I.S.M.V.), Dakar, 30P","RALALANJANAHARY Marta, 1996, « Contribution à l'étude de l'approvisionnement en intrants de la filière avicole moderne au Sénégal: cas de la région de Dakar », Thèse de Doctorat d'Etat, Université Cheikh Anta-Diop de Dakar,Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine vétérinaires (E.J.S.M.V.), 112p","RIISE Jens Christian, PERMIN Anders, VESTERLUND McAinsh Charlotte, FREDERIKSEN Lone, 2004, Elevage de la Volaille Villageoise, un manuel technique sur la production avicole à petite échelle, Copenhague, Danemark, poultry@kvl.dk. Consulté le 01/09/2022, 91p","TENO Gabriel,2010, Analyse du système de commercialisation du poulet du pays dans le département de Dakar (Sénégal), Mémoire de Master II, Faculté ses Sciences et Techniques (F.S.T)/Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires (E.I.S.M.V.), Dakar, P.32)"]}

Desde la óptica del derecho administrativo se abordara concretamente la inclusión de las plataformas digitales en el Estado colombiano desde la óptica de los negocios virtuales en su extensión B2C, C2C, advirtiendo que las nuevas plataformas negóciales en la red, aplicaciones de entretenimiento, portales de negocios etc., han trascendido la óptica de ser simples ciberespacios de contenido, o de operaciones mercantiles y se han convertido en servicios públicos y su crecimiento exponencial compromete al estado a ser participe en su regulación para el correcto uso, y la protección que deriva de ella, es fundamental para el logro de los fines del mismo, de esta manera esta tesis de grado está orientada a demostrar la necesidad de regulación Publica de estas actividades y de las competencias públicas que se derivarían del control que debe tener el estado en estas actividades From the pointofviewofadministrative law, thein clusion of digital platforms in the ColombianStatewill be specificallyaddressedfromthepointofviewof virtual business in its B2C, C2C extension, warningthatthe new businessplatformsonthenetwork, entertainmentapplications, businessportals etc., have transcended theopticsofbeing simple cyberspacesofcontent, orcommercialoperations and havebecomepublicservices and theirexponentialgrowthcommitsthestateto be a participant in itsregulationforthecorrect use, and theprotectionthat derives fromit. , isessentialfortheachievementofitspurposes, in thiswaythisthesisisaimed at demonstratingtheneedforPublicregulationoftheseactivities and thepublicpowersthatwould derive fromthe control thatthestatemusthave in theseactivities. Magister en Derecho Administrativo Maestría

Kupoprodaja je najfrekventniji posao kako nacionalnog, tako i međunarodnog pravnog prometa, međutim ponekad predmet kupoprodaje može biti opterećen pravnim nedostacima. Kupoprodaja i posljedično institut pravnih nedostataka u hrvatskom je pravu uređen Zakonom o obveznim odnosima (dalje: ZOO), dok je na međunarodnoj razini najrasprostranjeniji dokument koji uređuje oba instituta s najvišim međunarodnim političkim autoritetom Konvencija Ujedinjenih naroda o ugovorima o međunarodnoj prodaji robe (dalje: Bečka konvencija). U samom uređenju instituta pravnih nedostataka prema ZOO-u i Bečkoj konvenciji postoje brojne razlike koje se mogu razumjeti u kontekstu različitosti međunarodne i nacionalne prodaje robe. Primarna razlika očituje se u činjenici da Bečka konvencija pravne nedostatke uređuje dvojako - na različit način uređuje pravne nedostatke bazirane na pravu industrijskog ili intelektualnog vlasništva od pravnih nedostataka utemeljenih na drugim pravima. S druge strane ZOO ne radi takvu podjelu, već sve pravne nedostatke, neovisno o pravu na kojem su utemeljeni, uređuje na jednak način. Dalje, u odnosu na hrvatsko pravo, Bečka konvencija značajno proširuje pojam pravnog nedostatka. Naime, dok prema hrvatskom pravu pravo trećeg mora postojati da bi se smatralo da postoji pravni nedostatak, prema Bečkoj konvenciji je dovoljno da postoji samo pretenzija ili tvrdnja o postojanju prava. Također, postoje razlike u zahtjevima koje postavljaju ZOO i Bečka konvencija s obzirom na znanje prodavatelja i kupca. Konačno, postoje značajne razlike u uređenju i posljedicama nepoštivanja obveze obavješćivanja., Sale is the most frequent legal transaction of both national and international legal traffic, however, sometimes the object of purchase can be burdened with legal defects. Sale and consequently legal defects in Croatian law are regulated by the Croatian Obligation Act, while at the international level the most widespread document governing both institutes with the highest international political authority is the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (hereinafter: CISG). There are numerous differences in the regulation of legal defects according to the Croatian Obligation Act and the CISG which can be understood in the context of differences between international and national sale of goods. The main difference is that the CISG regulates legal defects in two ways - it regulates legal defects based on industrial or intellectual property rights in a different way than legal defects based on other rights. On the other hand, the Croatian Obligation Act does not make such a differentiation, but regulates all legal defects in the same way, regardless of the law on which defects are based. Furthermore, in relation to Croatian law, the CISG significantly expands the concept of legal defects. While according to Croatian law the right of a third party has to exist to be considered there is a legal defect, according to the CISG it is sufficient that there is only a pretension or assertion (claim) of the existence of a right. Also, there are differences in the requirements set by the Croatian Obligations Act and the CISG with regard to the seller’s and buyer’s knowledge. Finally, there are significant differences in the regulation and consequences of non-compliance with the notification obligation.

Ključni elementi pregovaranja su sama sloboda u razmjeni informacija, nastojanje za razumijevanje tuđih potreba, naglasak na ono što je zajedničko objema stranama i na samom kraju pronalazak rješenja koja zadovoljavaju obje strane, također je to povezano isključivo i sa prodajom jer u prodaji su iznimno važne te stavke. Uz te stavke za prodaju je najvažnije naći pouzdanog klijenta, kao prva stavka uspješne prodaje, te onda slijede ostale stavke. Uz pregovore spominjemo i tehnike pregovora, koje su ključ prema uspješnom pregovaranju da obje strane budu zadovoljne. Tehnike pregovaranja mogu biti samo okruženje u kojem se pregovori održavaju odnosno prostor i korištenje prostora, procjena sugovornikova razmišljanja, kontrola temperature i tona, vođenje bilješki i sumiranje te jedno od važnijih neutralnost u pristupu i dobro raspoloženje. Kako bi sami pregovori izgledali profesionalno uz tehnike pregovaranja potrebno je razumjeti i moći u pregovaranju, kao što su informiranost, ličnost i individualne razlike, položaj, odnos i kontekst, međusobno su sve povezano kako bi došli do cilja. Svaka od stavki koje su navedene prethodno dovode do uspješne komunikacije, te su međusobno povezane. Key elements in negotiation are freedom in information sharing, trying to understand needs of the other side, accent on things that are in common for both sides and at the end finding the solution that suits both sides. That is also connected to sale process because sale also needs those steps. With these steps, also the most important part is finding reliable client, as first step of successful sale, then other steps continue. As important to negotiation process, we also mention techniques of negotiation, they are key elements towards successful negotiation and for satisfaction of both sides. Techniques of negotiation can be the surrounding in which negotiations are taking place and usage of the space, assessment of thoughts that other side has, control of temperature and tone of the voice, taking notes and summary of the negotiation process, also as important as the first steps are good mood and neutrality in approach. Negotiations need to look professional and to achieve that there is need for understanding the powers in negotiations. The powers are information, personality and individual differences, position, relationship and context of situation. They are all connected as a way to reach the goal. All of the steps listed above are the steps to successful communication and they are connected in all parts.

Ovim radom želi se opisati COVID-19 kao bolest te njen utjecaj s ekonomskog aspekta. COVID-19 je pandemija koja je jedinstvena u dosadašnjoj ekonomskoj povijesti po brzini nastanka, globalnom obuhvatu te dugotrajnim i neželjenim posljedicama. Epidemija je promijenila navike u svakodnevnom životu ljudi na načine koji su do tada bili nezamislivi. Radom se želi dokazati kako je pandemija COVID-19 promijenila kupovne navike potrošača. U radu je prikazan sveobuhvatni pregled dosadašnjih relevantnih studija te su istaknute postojeće spoznaje o epidemiološkim, patogenetskim i kliničkim značajkama virusa i bolesti koju uzrokuje, s osvrtom na utjecaj pandemije na marketing i prodaju kao i perspektivu pandemije. Cilj ovog rada je istražiti i prikupiti podatke, informacije, stavove i mišljenja ispitanika o kupovnim navikama prije i tijekom pandemije COVID-19 sa naglaskom na online trgovinu i kartično plaćanje. Sa tim ciljem provelo se istraživanje putem anketnog upitnika koji ukazuju na promjene u ponašanju potrošača od kojih će neke, najvjerojatnije imati trajni učinak. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata istraživanja može se zaključiti da većina ispitanika, to jest potrošača tijekom pandemije COVID-19 u većoj mjeri u odnosu na razdoblje prije pandemije obavlja kupovinu putem online trgovine i plaća platnim karticama u odnosu na gotovinska plaćanja. Samim time, trenutno su u fokusu prodavača dostava, beskontaktna kupovina i bezgotovinske transakcije. Jednom kad pandemija završi, izgledno je da će ostaviti trajne posljedice na cjelokupno gospodarstvo, ali i na društvo u cijelosti. This paper aims to describe COVID-19 as a disease and the impact it has from an economic point of view. COVID-19 is a pandemic unique in economic history in terms of the speed of its occurrence, global scope and long-term and unwanted consequences. The epidemic has changed people's daily routines in ways that were unimaginable until then. This paper aims to demonstrate how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the buying habits of consumers. The paper presents a comprehensive overview of the relevant studies so far and highlights existing knowledge about the epidemiological, pathogenetic and clinical features of the virus and the disease it causes, with reference to the impact of the pandemic on marketing and sales as well as the perspective of the pandemic. The aim of this paper is to investigate and collect data, information, attitudes and opinions of respondents about their shopping habits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic with an emphasis on online shopping and card payments. With this in mind, research was conducted using a questionnaire that would indicate changes in consumer behavior, some of which will most likely have a lasting effect. The results of the research lead to conclusion that the majority of respondents, or consumers, when comparing their buying habits in the period during the COVID-19 pandemic and the period before the pandemic, are more inclined towards online shopping and using cards to pay for their purchases rather than using cash payments. Therefore, delivery, contactless shopping and cashless transactions are currently in the focus of sellers. Once the pandemic is over, it is likely to have long-lasting effects on the entire economy, but also on society as a whole.