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Purpose Reduction in pain following multidisciplinary treatment is most often associated with a reduction in disability. To further elaborate the relationship between pain intensity and disability, the present study investigated three main questions: first, whether multidisciplinary treatment leads to a significant improvement in pain, disability and psychological variables (depression, pain acceptance and catastrophizing). Second, it was examined whether pain reduction may account for significant changes in the psychological variables (pre- to follow-up change scores). Finally, it was analyzed whether the psychological changes mediate the association between reduction in pain and in disability after controlling for age, sex and pain history. Patients and methods Patients suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain (n=279) attended a German inpatient multidisciplinary program lasting 15 consecutive days on average, with self-report data collected at pretreatment, posttreatment and three-month follow-up. Results Repeated measures ANOVAs showed a significant improvement in pain intensity, disability, pain acceptance, catastrophizing and depression at posttreatment and follow-up. Univariate regression analyses revealed that changes in pain intensity accounted for significant changes in depression, pain catastrophizing and pain acceptance (pre- to follow-up change scores). The results of Multiple Mediation Procedure showed that pain reduction did affect reduction in disability through improvement of depression, catastrophizing and acceptance. Conclusion Our findings support a cognitive-behavioral model of pain that posits an important role for pain-related cognitive and emotional processes in long-term outcomes following multidisciplinary pain treatment, in particular for the modulation of disability due to pain. The results add evidence to the notion that pain-related cognitions are dynamic features varying over time dependent on the internal situation. Perspective The current findings are relevant to the management of patients with musculoskeletal pain. The results support the notion that, in contrast with the view of enduring personality traits, pain-related cognitions and emotions reflect a situational response that varies over time.

Maryam Shaygan,1 Andreas Böger,2 Birgit Kröner-Herwig3 1Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Centre, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; 2Pain Management Clinic at the Red Cross Hospital, Kassel, Germany; 3Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Georg-Elias-Müller-Institute of Psychology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany Purpose: Evidence of the effectiveness of multidisciplinary treatment with a focus on neuropathic pain is still rare. The present study investigated whether multidisciplinary treatment leads to improvement of neuropathic pain in outcome (pain intensity and disability) and psychological (depression, pain acceptance, and catastrophizing) variables at posttreatment and 3-month follow-up. We examined whether and to what extent psychological changes can predict long-term outcome at 3-month follow-up, when other variables are controlled for (baseline characteristics and changes in pain parameters).Patients and methods: Patients suffering from a chronic neuropathic pain condition (n=141) attended an inpatient multidisciplinary program lasting about 15 continuous days with self-report data collected at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up. Results: Repeated-measures ANOVAs showed a significant improvement of pain intensity, disability, pain acceptance, catastrophizing, and depression at posttreatment. These improvements remained stable over the 3-month follow-up for all variables except for depression. The inclusion of psychological changes in multiple regression analyses greatly increased the variance in outcome, explained by baseline characteristics and changes in pain parameters.Conclusion: The results could help clinicians to determine which variables should be emphasized during inpatient treatment and during the follow-up period, in order to maintain the gains after an inpatient multidisciplinary treatment for neuropathic pain.Perspective: The present study demonstrates the beneficial effects of an inpatient multidisciplinary program for neuropathic pain and further question the resistant nature of neuropathic pain to treatment. The results add evidence to the relevance of cognitive-behavioral models of pain positing an important role for pain-related thoughts and emotions in long-term outcome following multidisciplinary pain treatment. Keywords: multidisciplinary treatment, neuropathic pain, psychological variables

Background: Because psychological variables are known to intercorrelate, the goal of this investigation was to compare the unique association between several well-established psychological constructs in pain research and pain-related outcomes. Sex differences are considered because pain is experienced differently across sex groups. Methods: Participants were 456 consecutive chronic pain patients attending a tertiary pain clinic (mean age = 58.4 years, SD = 14.8, 63.6% women). The study design was cross-sectional. Psychological constructs included personality (NEO-Five Factor Inventory), irrational thinking (General Attitudes and Beliefs Scale), and coping (Social Problem Solving Inventory). Outcomes were pain severity and interference (Brief Pain Inventory) and physical, general, and mental health status (Short Form-36). To decide whether the bivariate analyses and the two-block, multivariate linear regressions for each study outcome (block 1 = age, sex, and pain severity; block 2 = psychological variables) should be conducted with the whole sample or split by sex, we first explored whether sex moderated the relationship between psychological variables and outcomes. An alpha level of 0.001 was set to reduce the risk of type I errors due to multiple comparisons. Results: The moderation analyses indicated no sex differences in the association between psychological variables and study outcomes (all interaction terms p > .05). Thus, further analyses were calculated with the whole sample. Specifically, the bivariate analyses revealed that psychological constructs were intercorrelated in the expected direction and mostly correlated with mental health and overall perceived health status. In the regressions, when controlling for age, sex, and pain severity, psychological factors as a block significantly increased the explained variance of physical functioning (ΔR2 = .037, p < .001), general health (ΔR2 = .138, p < .001), and mental health (ΔR2 = .362, p < .001). However, unique associations were only obtained for mental health and neuroticism (β = − 0.30, p < .001) and a negative problem orientation (β = − 0.26, p < .001). Conclusions: There is redundancy in the relationship between psychological variables and pain-related outcomes and the strength of this association is highest for mental health status. The association between psychological characteristics and health outcomes was comparable for men and women, which suggests that the same therapeutic targets could be selected in psychological interventions of pain patients irrespective of sex.

Objectives We performed an observational prospective cohort study to investigate post-traumatic stress symptoms, emerging after cancer diagnosis, which could influence patients' short- and long-term adjustment to illness, in order to foster screening measures and management of psychological factors in daily clinical pathways. Methods Patients' post-traumatic stress symptoms, psychological well-being and perceived quality of life were assessed through standardised questionnaires. The Profile of Mood States questionnaire was administered at pre-operative assessment (T0), surgical admission (T1) and discharge from hospital (T2). The Impact of Event Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were administered at T0, T1, T2 and 2 years after discharge (T3). At 2-year follow-up, women were also asked to rate their perceived quality of life on a 0-10 visual analogue scale. Results Between January 2014 and April 2015, 150 women were enrolled. Results showed that more than 90% of patients experienced post-traumatic stress symptoms after cancer diagnosis (14% with severe symptoms and 76.7% with moderate symptoms) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms that persisted up to the 2-year from discharge follow-up, with significant improvement only 2 years after hospital discharge. In particular, mediation models showed that intrusive thoughts impede mood adjustment to the disease during the pre-surgical phase, with anxiety amplifying the negative effect, while symptoms of avoidance are more detrimental in the long term for patients' quality of life. Conclusion PTSD symptom clusters have different influence on short- and long-term reaction to illness. Based on this evidence, appropriate interventions to manage PTSDs in the context of oncology should be developed.

Ana Mimic,1 Carsten Bantel,2,3 Jelena Jovicic,1 Branko Mimic,4 Darija Kisic-Tepavcevic,5 Otas Durutovic,6,7 Nebojsa Ladjevic1,7 1Department of Anaesthesia, Urology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; 2Department of Anaesthetics, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany; 3Section of Anaesthetics, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; 4East Midlands Congenital Heart Centre, University Hospital Leicester, Leicester, UK; 5Institute of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; 6Department of Urology, Urology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; 7Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Purpose: There is an increasing interest in the identification of predictors for individual responses to analgesics and surgical pain. In this study, we aimed to determine psychological factors that might contribute to this response. We hence investigated patients undergoing a standardized surgical intervention (open nephrectomy). Patients and methods: Between May 2014 and April 2015, we conducted a prospective observational cohort study. The following psychological tests were administered preoperatively: Mini-Mental State Examination, Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and Pain Catastrophizing Scale. The primary outcome, postoperative pain intensity (11-point numerical rating scale, [NRS]), was assessed in the “immediate early” (first 8 hours), “early” (12 and 24 hours), and “late early” periods (48 and 72 hours).Results: A total of 196 patients were assessed, and 150 were finally included in the study. NRS scores improved from 4.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.7–5.1) in the “immediate early” to 3.1 (95% CI: 2.9–3.3) in the “early” and 2.3 (95% CI: 2.1–2.5) in the “late early” postoperative period. Most (87%) patients received intravenous opioids, while 13% received analgesics epidurally. Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated better pain management with epidural analgesia in the first two postoperative periods (F=15.01, p

p. 96-108 Se investiga la distribución temporal de los procesos de escritura, mediante una técnica on-line de retrospección directa, y diferencias en el producto textual, desde los cursos más inferiores donde es posible atender a su estudio hasta últimos cursos de la enseñanza obligatoria. Además, se atiende al análisis de diversas variables psicológicas para analizar su inciden-cia moduladora en la escritura. Se utilizó una muestra muy depurada de 348 alumnos, con edades comprendidas entre los 9 y 16 años, con un desarrollo normalizado y unos niveles de competencia curricular y escritora dentro de la media. Los resultados indican patrones complejos de evolución del proceso de escritura y su orquestación, en comparación con el producto escrito, constatando que no existe una traducción directa entre la evolución del proceso de escritura y su distribución temporal, y la mejoría del producto escrito; todo ello mediado por variables psicológicas relacionadas con la presencia de creencias de auto-eficacia hacia el despliegue y uso de procesos escritores no calibradas de forma adecuada y la realización de atribuciones causales a factores externos, en los niveles educativos más inferiores. Se discuten las implicaciones, limitaciones y perspectivas futuras SI

El propósito del presente trabajo fue identificar las variables sociodemográficas y psicológicas relacionadas con el autocuidado y la calidad de vida en adultos mexicanos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se utilizó un diseño transversal en una muestra de 60 personas (93 % mujeres) entre 36 y 66 años de edad (M = 54.3, DE = 4.71) adscritas al sistema de salud pública en San Luis Potosí, México. Se midieron las variables de autocuidado, autoeficacia, conocimientos en diabetes, ansiedad, depresión y calidad de vida con la aplicación de las escalas EECAC, EAG, DKQ-24, AMAS, BDI-II y SF-36. En el análisis de resultados se utilizó un análisis de regresión lineal para evaluar el impacto de las variables medidas sobre el autocuidado y la calidad de vida. En general, el modelo explicó 33.9 % de la variación del autocuidado a través de las variables depresión (β = -.27) y autoeficacia (β = .74). El 56 % de variación en calidad de vida relacionada con la salud física se explicó a partir de las variables depresión (β = -.34) y autocuidado (β = .34). En su componente de salud mental, el 43.4 % de la variación en calidad de vida se explicó a través de la ansiedad (β = -.26) y la depresión (β = -.40). Finalmente, la percepción positiva de autoeficacia y el estado de salud libre de ansiedad y depresión resultaron ser factores determinantes para el autocuidado y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud O propósito deste trabalho foi identificar as variáveis sociodemográficas e psicológicas relacionadas com o autocuidado e a qualidade de vida em adultos mexicanos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Utilizou-se um desenho transversal numa amostra de 60 pessoas (93 % mulheres) entre 36 e 66 anos (M = 54.3, DP = 4.71), vinculadas ao sistema de saúde pública em San Luis Potosí, México. Foram medidas as variáveis de autocuidado, autoeficácia, conhecimento em diabetes, ansiedade, depressão e qualidade de vida com a aplicação das escalas EECAC, EAG, DKQ-24, AMAS, BDI-II e SF-36. Na análise de resultados, utilizou-se a análise de regressão linear para avaliar o impacto das variáveis medidas sobre o autocuidado e a qualidade de vida. Em geral, o modelo explicou 33.9 % da variação do autocuidado por meio das variáveis depressão (β = -.27) e autoeficácia (β = .74). 56 % de variação em qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde física foram explicadas a partir das variáveis depressão (β = -.34) e autocuidado (β = .34). Em seu componente de saúde mental, 43.4 % da variação em qualidade de vida foram explicadas por meio da ansiedade (β = -.26) e da depressão (β = -.40). Finalmente, a percepção positiva de autoeficácia e o estado de saúde livre de ansiedade e depressão foram fatores determinantes para o autocuidado e a qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde. The purpose of the present study was to identify sociodemographic and psychological variables related to self-care and quality of life in Mexican adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. A cross-sectional design was used in a sample of 60 people (93% women) aged between 36 and 66 years (M = 54.3, SD = 4.71) attached to the public health system in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Self-care, self-efficacy, knowledge about diabetes, anxiety, depression and quality of life were measured using the EECAC, EAG, DKQ-24, AMAS, BDI-II and SF-36 scales. For data processing, a linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of the measured variables on self-care and quality of life. In general, the model explained 33.9% of the variance of self-care through the variables depression (β = -.27) and self-efficacy (β = .74). The 56% variance in quality of life related to physical health was explained by the variables depression (β = -34) and self-care (β = .34). In their mental health component, 43.4% of variance in quality of life was explained through anxiety (β = -.26) and depression (β = -.40). Finally, the positive perception of self-efficacy and health status free from anxiety and depression were determinant factors for self-care and healthrelated quality of life.

Objectives To understand the relation between 2D:4D ratio, frailty, and cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly people. Methods A total of 175 community-dwelling elderly people were included. To determine frailty, participants completed the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE-FI). Cognitive functioning was determined using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). 2D and 4D finger lengths of each hand were measured using a scanner. Barthel Index, Lawton, and Brody scale were also completed for each participant to determine the level of daily living functioning. Results We did not find any correlations between 2D:4D ratio and frailty measures. We found a significant correlation between 2D:4D ratio and MMSE scores in the women sampled. Conclusions We cannot ascertain any contribution of prenatal exposure to androgens to the frailty status of community-dwelling elderly people. We found that reduced prenatal exposure to testosterone in women may contribute to the prevention of cognitive decline in elderly women

Despite the abundant scientific literature on entrepreneurship, there is still only limited information on young students&rsquo, entrepreneurial intentions. The reasons for this, may be generally found in the different conceptual approaches to entrepreneurial intention, and particularly in the variables that regulate and act as antecedents to such intentions. This bias has generated different lines of investigation into the factors relating to entrepreneurial intention among students. One line of investigation is centered on the variables that influence entrepreneurial intention, in particular, relational, educational, and psychological variables, and another is centered on the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention, amongst which is entrepreneurial interest. In this paper, we seek to analyze the relationship between the entrepreneurial interest of Spanish youth and a set of socio-educational, psychological, and health-related variables using principal component analysis. A previously validated ad hoc questionnaire was administered to 1764 students (15&ndash, 18 years old). Notably, few Spanish youth expressed significantly high entrepreneurial interest, those who did were mostly men with a family tradition of entrepreneurial parents, who held high perceptions of their health and quality of life, and considered it important in business to detect opportunities beforehand and to create employment. Their principal motives were to improve their professional development, to put their ideas into practice, and to achieve economic independence. This paper proposes the early detection of entrepreneurial interests in young people in order to reinforce these interests as potential long-term initiatives.

Objective: To adapt and to validate a self-administered questionnaire measuring psychological variables related to adherence behaviors (PVAB) among women with breast cancer. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed with 110 women who were being treated at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases, in Lima, Peru. For data treatment three consecutives statistics procedures were applied: an exploratory factorial analysis; the Cronbach’s alpha (α) coefficient, as well as the Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). Results: A three-factor structure was found with values above 1 that, taken as a whole, explain 45,6% of the variance. Also, an overall Chronbach’s α coefficient = 0,70 was obtained. Significant and differential correlations at p < 0.01 y p < 0.05 values were found between behaviors (“Accomplishment Appointments with the Specialist”, “Accomplishment Appointments to Receive Treatment at Health-Care Institution”, “Following a Diet”, “Making Exercises for Rehabilitation”, and “Caring Body Parts from Heat Exposition”) with the three factors of the instrument (“Past Behavioral Competences”, “Motives and Health-Related Competences”, as well as “Disease and Treatment-Related Competences and Social Adjustment”). Conclusion: According to the results obtained, the instrument has optimal reliability, construct validity as well as concurrent validity, which allow us their future use among women with breast cancer from Peru. Objetivo: Adaptar y validar un instrumento que mide variables psicológicas relacionadas con conductas de adhesión (VPAD) en un grupo de mujeres con cáncer de mama. Método: Estudio transversal que contó con la participación de 110 mujeres con cáncer de mama que eran atendidas en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, en Lima, Perú. Para el tratamiento de los datos se utilizaron tres procedimientos estadísticos en forma consecutiva: un análisis factorial exploratorio, el coeficiente alfa (α) de Cronbach y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (r). Resultados: Se formaron tres factores con valores propios superiores a 1, que explican 45,6% de la varianza. Asimismo, se obtuvo una α de Cronbach = 0,70. Finalmente, se encontraron correlaciones diferenciadas y significativas a p < 0,01 y p < 0,05 entre las conductas de adhesión (“Asistir a Consulta con el Especialista”, “Asistir a Sesiones para Recibir Tratamiento en la Institución”, “Seguir una Dieta”, “Realizar Ejercicios para Rehabilitación” y “Cuidar las Zonas de Cuerpo a la Exposición de Calor”) con los tres factores del instrumento (“Competencias Pasadas”, “Motivos y Competencias para la Salud”, así como “Competencias Relacionadas con la Enfermedad, los Tratamientos y el Ajuste Social”). Conclusión: El instrumento posee óptimas propiedades psicométricas de confiabilidad, validez de constructo y concurrente, lo que garantiza su uso en mujeres con cáncer de mama del Perú.

Morbid obesity as an entity that is associated to numerous clinical complications, an increased mortality and a deterioration of the quality of life, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends surgical treatments as an alternative. In this sense, the physical and psychological benefits associated with bariatric surgery are well documented. However, the surgery can generate negative effects. The structural changes in the digestive system, coupled with the disruption of the body image especially patients who undergo bypass gastric, reinforce the idea that everything is not positive. Given this reality, this theoretical review is to emphasize the importance of studying the role that psychological variables in adapting to the new body image in these patients. Al ser la obesidad mórbida una entidad que se asocia a numerosas complicaciones clínicas, a un aumento de la mortalidad y a un deterioro de la calidad de vida de quien la sufre; la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), recomienda considerar como alternativa los tratamientos quirúrgicos. En este sentido, los beneficios físicos y psicológicos vinculados a la cirugía bariátrica están bien documentados. No obstante, la cirugía conlleva efectos negativos en un alto porcentaje de individuos. Los cambios estructurales que produce en el circuito digestivo, sumado a la desorganización de la imagen corporal que sufren los pacientes que se someten especialmente al By-Pass Gástrico, refuerzan la idea de que no todo es positivo. Ante esta realidad, la presente revisión teórica trata de debe de subrayar la importancia de estudiar el papel que tienen las variables psicológicas en la adaptación a la nueva imagen corporal en estos pacientes.

Este estudio va dirigido a determinar la influencia de algunas variables psicológicas, como la autoestima, las atribuciones causales, la ansiedad y la salud mental, en la actuación de los desempleados de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura en función de determinadas variables sociodemográficas, y establecer el nivel de impacto del desempleo sobre las personas desempleadas, además, se ha establecido un estudio longitudinal de cohortes, donde se han medido las mismas variables en función del mercado laboral, antes y durante la crisis económica, el primer periodo medido en 2006 y el segundo periodo medido en 2010. Los resultados indican, que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos periodos medidos, siendo en época de crisis donde es mayor el impacto psicológico en los desempleados en salud mental y ansiedad, no hay diferencias en autoestima ni en atribuciones., This study have the objective of assess the impact of unemployment through analysis of the influence of psychological variables of selfesteem, causal attribution, anxiety and mental health, in unemployed in the region of Extremadura (Spain), in relation to certain socio demographic variables. The design of research is based on a longitudinal cohort study which evaluated the variables mentioned above at two period: 2006 and 2010. The results indicate that there are statistically significant differences between the two periods evaluated, the psychological impact on the unemployed in mental health and anxiety is greatest during the economic crisis (2010); the results don´t show statistically significant differences in relation to self‐esteem and causal attributions.

U današnjem izrazito natjecateljskom ozračju opstanak i razvoj organizacije ovisi o privlačenju, pridobivanju i zadržavanju kvalitetnih zaposlenika. Kroz istraživanje psiholoških varijabli istražuje se te naglašava veza i utjecaj psihologije na razvoj efikasnog internog marketinga. Tehničke vještine i stručna sprema zaposlenika su sve manje važne poslodavcima. Cilj rada je prikazati vezu psihologije i internog marketinga u praksi, doznati stavove poduzeća Jedinstvo d.o.o. o korištenju alata iz psihologije i provođenja internog marketinga. Kako bi pružili izvrsnu uslugu potrošačima moraju se poznavati zaposlenici. Svaki zaposlenik je različit i na probleme reagira na različite načine. Psihičke osobine su karakteristike koje opisuju načine na koje se ljudi međusobno razlikuju. Pomoću karakteristika ljudi može se predvidjeti buduće ponašanje zaposlenika i praviti selekciju između potencijalnih zaposlenika. Analizirajući rad dolazi se do zaključka kako postoji sve veća potreba za razvojem internog marketinga u organizaciji i što boljem poznavanjem psiholoških varijabli pojedinca. Najznačajniji čimbenik organizacije je ulaganje u zaposlenike i poznavanje zaposlenika. Potrebno je znanje kako na najbolji način voditi zaposlenike, motivirati ih i usmjeravati na obostrano zadovoljstvo. Poduzeće koje želi uložiti u svoje zaposlenike nikada neće biti na gubitku. Imidž se ne očituje samo u financijskoj moći već i u brizi za zaposlenike. In the recent competitive times survivance and developement of organization mostly depends of attracting, recruiting and holding quality employees. Trough the research of psychological variable it is trying to explore and point the connection and influence on the development of effective internal marketing. Technical skills and education are starting to be less important to employers. An attempt of this paper is to show the connection between psychology and internal marketing in practice, and to discover attitudes of company Jedinstvo d.o.o. considering usage of psychological tools and persuading internal marketing. To be able to provide the best service for the consumer employees are spouse to know each other. Each employee has a different character and a different reaction on problems. Psychological characters describe differences between people. Knowing the characteristics of people it is possible to anticipate the future behavior and make a selection between potential employees. During analyze of this paper it is possible to make a conclusion that there are growing need for development of internal marketing in organizations and a better knowing human psychological variables. The most important organization factor is human resource investment and introducing employees. It is necessary to own knowledge how to lead, motivate, direct employees on the best way and also make the mutual satisfaction. Company that wishes to invest in their employees will never suffer great lost. Image is not only based on financial power, but in the care for an employer too.

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências da Educação (área de especialização em Psicologia da Educação)., A emergência e consolidação progressiva da Psicologia Positiva, com ênfase no desenvolvimento e nos aspectos positivos do ser humano, abriu portas para um novo olhar sobre as pessoas, seus relacionamentos e suas perspetivas de vida e carreira. Esse movimento impulsionou a investigação e a emergência de modelos teóricos que procuram explicar a excelência profissional. Especificamente sobre excelência profissional, a investigação destaca a dotação, o talento e o processo de desenvolvimento, moderado por catalizadores intrapesssoais e catalizadores do contexto. Numa síntese, vários constructos psicológicos, como a inteligência, a personalidade, a criatividade e os interesses, surgem como variáveis pessoais decisivas para a expertise. Em termos de processo de desenvolvimento, os autores destacam o papel da paixão, do perfeccionismo, da motivação e das estratégias de coping na excelência profissional, como também da autoeficácia, do otimismo, da esperança e da resiliência no ajustamento da pessoa ao trabalho. O nosso estudo teve como objetivo geral identificar as percepções dos participantes sobre variáveis pessoais e contextuais que contribuíram para o seu sucesso profissional e analisar sinais de sabedoria associados ao bem-estar social e às estratégias para lidar com dificuldades na trajetória profissional. Para tal, recorremos a dois estilistas e dois médicos brasileiros, dois homens e duas mulheres, reconhecidos pela sua expertise nos seuss domínios de atuação. Utilizamos como instrumento de pesquisa a entrevista semiestrutura, incluindo perguntas sobre variáveis pessoais e contextuais para conhecer a percepção dos sujeitos sobre os determinantes da emergência e manutenção da sua excelência profissional. Dentre os principais resultados obtidos, destacamos a interação dos fatores cognitivos, motivacionais e da personalidade, nomeadamente na forma como os participantes lidam com os desafios enfrentados, evidenciando autodeterminação, esforço e energia no trabalho e motivação para a progressão contínua. O processo de desenvolvimento da excelência destes participantes resultou, ainda, da potencialização dos seus talentos e da valorização das oportunidades patrocinadas pelos seus contextos de formação e atuação. Finalizamos apresentando as limitações do nosso estudo e suas prováveis contribuições, e sugerimos pistas para o desenvolvimento da investigação na excelência., The rise and progressive consolidation of Positive Psychology, with an emphasis on development and positive aspects of human beings, opened the doors to a new way to investigate people, their relationships and their perspectives on life and career. This promoted research and the emergence of theoretical models that aim to explain professional excellence. Specifically, on professional excellence, the research highlights aptitude, talent and the development process, moderated by intrapersonal and context catalysts. In short, several psychological constructs, like intelligence, personality, creativity and interests, emerge as decisive personal variables to expertise. In terms of development process, the authors note the role of passion, perfectionism, motivation and coping strategies in professional excellence, as well as self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience in the adjustment of a person to work. Our study's general aim was to identify the perception of participants about personal and contextual variables that contributed to their professional success and to analyze signs of wisdom associated to social well-being and to strategies to cope with difficulties in their professional trajectory. In that aim, we researched two stylists and two physicians from Brazil, two men and two women, recognized by their expertise in their field of action. We used as research tools the semi structured interview, including questions about personal and contextual variables of their professional excellence. Among the main results obtained, we note the interaction of cognitive, motivational and personality factors, namely the way in which participants deal with challenges, evidencing self-determination, effort and energy at work and motivation for continuous progress. The process of development of excellence of these participants also resulted in the increased potential of their talents and the valorization of the opportunities offered by their formative and action contexts. We conclude presenting the limitations of our study and its probable contributions, and suggesting clues for the development of investigation in excellence.

Esta investigación ha servido para construir el Cuestionario de la Relación entre el Jinete y el Caballo (CRJC). Para ello hemos seguido cinco etapas: I) Búsqueda Bibliográfica; II) Creación de los ítems; III) Prueba preliminar a una muestra reducida de jinetes; IV) Nueva consulta a especialistas; V) Primera versión. Este cuestionario tiene 30 ítems, agrupados en cuatro factores. El valor del KMO es de 0,716 (p

Kathryn Curtis, Anna Osadchuk, Joel KatzDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, CanadaObjectives: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, depression, and hypocortisolism. To date, published studies have not investigated the effects of yoga on cortisol in FM. This pilot study used a time series design to evaluate pain, psychological variables, mindfulness, and cortisol in women with FM before and after a yoga intervention.Methods: Participants (n = 22) were recruited from the community to participate in a 75 minute yoga class twice weekly for 8 weeks. Questionnaires concerning pain (intensity, unpleasantness, quality, sum of local areas of pain, catastrophizing, acceptance, disability), anxiety, depression, and mindfulness were administered pre-, mid- and post-intervention. Salivary cortisol samples were collected three times a day for each of two days, pre- and post-intervention.Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that mean ± standard deviation (SD) scores improved significantly (p < 0.05) from pre- to post-intervention for continuous pain (pre: 5.18 ± 1.72; post: 4.44 ± 2.03), pain catastrophizing (pre: 25.33 ± 14.77; post: 20.40 ± 17.01), pain acceptance (pre: 60.47 ± 23.43; post: 65.50 ± 22.93), and mindfulness (pre: 120.21 ± 21.80; post: 130.63 ± 20.82). Intention-to-treat analysis showed that median AUC for post-intervention cortisol (263.69) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than median AUC for pre-intervention levels (189.46). Mediation analysis revealed that mid-intervention mindfulness scores significantly (p < 0.05) mediated the relationship between pre- and post-intervention pain catastrophizing scores.Discussion: The results suggest that a yoga intervention may reduce pain and catastrophizing, increase acceptance and mindfulness, and alter total cortisol levels in women with FM. The changes in mindfulness and cortisol levels may provide preliminary evidence for mechanisms of a yoga program for women with FM. Future studies should use an RCT design with a larger sample size.Keywords: fibromyalgia, pain, cortisol, yoga, psychological variables

WOS: 000252652800004, PubMed ID: 18212484, Quality of life is an important outcome measure in patients with end-stage heart failure waiting for heart transplantation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between aspects of quality of life and physiological and psychosocial variables in patients with end-stage heart failure. A total of 123 patients participated in the study. The functional status was assessed with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, a 6-minute walk test (6 MWT) and peak oxygen uptake (pVO(2)). Health related quality of life (HRQOL) was measured with Medical Outcomes Study, 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36), and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used to assess psychological symptoms. A significant relationship was found between HRQOL (SF-36 and MLHFQ) and functional status (NYHA, 6 MWT and pVO(2)) (p < 0.05). Psychological symptoms (BDI) were associated with HRQOL (p < 0.05). In addition to clinical derangements, functional limitation and psychological distress can lead to limitations in activities of daily life through impairment of quality of life. It would be helpful to evaluate psychological symptoms and quality of life in patients with end-stage heart failure besides routine clinical evaluations.

Justificación: La diabetes es una elevación crónica de glucosa en sangre. En niños, el tratamiento no es administrado por el paciente sino por su cuidador. Así, las características personales que aseguren la adherencia al tratamiento dependen de otra persona. Objetivo Principal: Identificar qué características personales y ambientales del cuidador favorecen o interfieren la adherencia al tratamiento. Diseño y Metodología: Participaron 60 cuidadores principales de niños diabéticos (edad: 1-15 años). Evaluándose optimismo, autoeficacia, neuroticismo, estrategias de afrontamiento, estilos educativos, apoyo social (del cuidador), así como adherencia objetiva en los niños (análisis sanguíneo), además de variables demográficas y familiares de ambos. Se realizaron correlaciones y diferencias entre grupos utilizando variables de agrupamiento como tener o no adherencia al tratamiento, entre otras. El estudio duró un año durante el cual los cuidadores asistieron a sesiones psicoeducativas sobre la enfermedad. Resultados: Principales y Conclusiones. El perfil del cuidador con mejor adherencia objetiva: alguien con buenos conocimientos sobre la enfermedad, temor ante las consecuencias de no seguir el tratamiento, acostumbrado a afrontar problemas buscando soluciones, con una actitud y motivación positivas y sin sentirse culpable. En su relación con los pacientes muestra un alto grado de control y de afecto (cuidador democrático).Justification: Diabetes is a chronic elevation of glucose in the blood. In the case of children, treatment is not administrated by the patient but their caregivers. In this sense, personal characteristics that increase treatment compliance are not dependent on oneself but on other people. Main Aim: To find personal and environmental characteristics that may increase or decrease objective treatment compliance. Design and Method: Participants in this study were 60 principal caregivers of diabetic children (aged: 1-15 years). Optimism, self-efficacy, neuroticism, copying styles, parental styles, social support, demographic and family variables of caregivers were evaluated. Objective adherence, demographic and family variables of children were also measured. Analyses of data included means, correlations and differences between groups. Caregivers assisted to some psychoeducational sessions during the study, that lasted one year. Results and Conclusions: Caregivers with higher objective adherence are characterized by having a thorough knowledge of diabetes, and being afraid of consequences of bad treatment compliance; they usually use problem-solving copying strategies, they show a positive motivation and attitude and they do not feel guilty. Finally, they exhibit a high level of control and affect in their parent-son relationships (democratic parental style).

The purpose of this study is to analyze the concurrent validity of the psychological variables self-confidence and anxiety among the psychological measurement instruments: Psychological Characteristics Questionnaire related to Sports Performance (CPRD); Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2); and Sports Psychological Inventory LOEHR. For this purpose, a correlational study was conducted between the selected variables and pertinent aspects of the measurement instruments. The study has revealed that the psychological variables self-confidence and anxiety are relevant in all three instruments, although not in all of the selected items. Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a validade concorrente das variáveis psicológicas de autoconfiança e ansiedade entre os instrumentos de medição psicológica: Questionário de Características Psicológicas relacionadas ao Desempenho Esportivo (CPRD), Inventário de Ansiedade Estado Competitivo-2 (CSAI-2) e Inventário Psicológico Esportivo LOEHR. Para isso foi realizado um estudo de correlação entre os itens selecionados e coincidentes em tais instrumentos. A análise revelou que as variáveis psicológicas autoconfiança e ansiedade guardam relação nos três instrumentos, mas não em todos os itens selecionados. Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la validez concurrente de las variables psicológicas autoconfianza y ansiedad entre los instrumentos de medición psicológica: Cuestionario de Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo (CPRD), Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) e Inventario Psicológico Deportivo LOEHR. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio correlacional entre los ítems seleccionados y coincidentes en dichos instrumentos. El estudio ha revelado que las variables psicológicas autoconfianza y ansiedad guardan relación en los tres instrumentos, aunque no en todos los ítems seleccionados.

–The purpose of this study is to analyze the concurrent validity of the psychological variables self-confidence and anxiety among the psychological measurement instruments: Psychological Characteristics Questionnaire related to Sports Performance (CPRD); Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2); and Sports Psychological Inventory LOEHR. For this purpose, a correlational study was conducted between the selected variables and pertinent aspects of the measurement instruments. The study has revealed that the psychological variables self-confidence and anxiety are relevant in all three instruments, although not in all of the selected items Estudio correlacional de las variables psicológicas autoconfianza y ansiedad.” El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la validez concurrente de las variables psicológicas autoconfianza y ansiedad entre los instrumentos de medición psicológica: Cuestionario de Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo (CPRD), Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) e Inventario Psicológico Deportivo LOEHR. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio correlacional entre los ítems seleccionados y coincidentes en dichos instrumentos. El estudio ha revelado que las variables psicológicas autoconfianza y ansiedad guardan relación en los tres instrumentos, aunque no en todos los ítems seleccionados

Las aplicaciones prácticas del modelo de Educación Deportiva son del todo conocidas en el contexto escolar y están presentes en numerosas investigaciones. Sin embargo, no se ha reportado información sobre su efecto en el contexto extraescolar o deportivo, ni en deportes con predominio técnico como es la natación. Por ello, se realizó un estudio piloto con diseño cuasi-experimental en nadadores federados (n=24) de diferentes categorías (benjamín, alevín e infantil). El programa de intervención, basado en la Educación Deportiva, se compuso de 16 sesiones de entrenamiento. Al analizar pre y post las variables objeto de estudio (Percepción de soporte de autonomía; Grado de disfrute y competencia percibida; y Grado de compromiso deportivo) se observaron mejoras estadísticamente significativas. Tal comportamiento fue posteriormente reforzado al diseñar un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales en el que se hipotetizó que la percepción de soporte de autonomía predice positivamente el grado de disfrute y competencia percibida, y con ello, el grado de compromiso deportivo de los jóvenes nadadores. Además, se analizaron las entrevistas realizadas a los nadadores y el diario del entrenador mediante el software NVivo10, para conocer los principales indicadores sobre la percepción de los nadadores (responsabilidad, aprendizaje técnico e implicación) y del entrenador (trabajo en equipo, comunicación y predisposición). Los resultados, que corroboran los reportados en el contexto escolar, mostraron un comportamiento favorable de las variables psicológicas objeto de estudio tras la intervención basada en la Educación Deportiva con nadadores, lo que da indicios sobre su idoneidad también en el contexto federativo. The practical applications of Sport Education in the school context are fully known in the research of the last twenty years. However, it is not reported its effects on extracurricular or sporting context but also in sports with technical dominance as swimming. A pilot study with quasi-experimental design was performed in youth swimmers (n=24) of different categories (junior and youth). The intervention program based on the Sport Education, consisted of 16 training sessions. By analyzing the variables under study (Perceived Autonomy Support, Enjoyment and Perceived Competence, and Sport Commitment) statistically significant improvements were observed. Such behavior was further reinforced when designing a structural equation model in which it was hypothesized that perceived autonomy support positively predicts the enjoyment and perceived competence, and the sport commitment of the swimmers. Interviews and diary coaches' logs were analyzed by NVivo10 software to know the perception of swimmers (responsibility, technical learning and involvement) and coaches (teamwork, communication and willingness). The main results (consistent with the school context ones) showed an optimal behavior of the psychological variables of this study after the Sport Education intervention. This reinforces the benefits of Sport Education also in the youth sport context. As aplicações práticas da Educação Desportiva no contexto escolar são totalmente conhecidos e estão presentes em inúmeras investigações. No entanto, não se sabe qual o efeito do contexto esportivo em desportes ou domínio técnico, é a natação. Portanto, um estudo piloto com desenho quase-experimental foi realizada em nadadores federados (n=24) de diferentes categorias (bebê, juvenil e infantil). O programa de intervenção com base na Educação Desportiva, consistiu em 16 sessões de treinamento. Ao analisar as variáveis em estudo (apoio autonomia percebido; Grau de satisfação e percepção de competência, e grau de compromisso esporte) estatisticamente foram observadas melhorias significativas. Tal comportamento foi reforçado quando a concepção de um modelo de equações estruturais em que foi levantada a hipótese de que o apoio autonomia percebida prediz positivamente o grau de satisfação e percepção de competência e, portanto, o grau de comprometimento do esporte de jovens nadadores. Além disso, foram analisadas entrevistas com nadadores e treinador diária por software NVivo10. Assim, os principais indicadores sobre a percepção dos nadadores (responsabilidade, de aprendizagem técnica e envolvimento) e treinador (trabalho em equipe, comunicação e vontade) se encontraram. Os resultados mostraram o bom desempenho das variáveis psicológicas do estudo, após a aplicação da Educação Desportiva, no âmbito federal (natação); sendo consistente com os resultados anteriormente encontrados no contexto escolar.

We studied the timing of writing processes using a direct retrospective online technique, and differences in the textual product from the earliest school years where such a study is feasible to the final years of compulsory education. We also analysed a range of psychological variables to determine their modulating effect on writing. Participants comprised a highly purified sample of 348 students aged between 9 and 16 years old who presented standard development and average levels of curricular and writing competence. Our results reveal complex patterns in the development of the writing process and its orchestration, compared with the textual product, and no direct relationship was observed between development of the writing process and its timing, and improvement in the textual product. Among the youngest students, all this was mediated by psychological variables related to the existence of inaccurate perceptions of self-efficacy as regards the deployment and use of writing processes and causal attributions to external factors. The implications, limitations and future perspectives are discussed. Se investiga la distribución temporal de los procesos de escritura, mediante una técnica on-line de retrospección directa, y diferencias en el producto textual, desde los cursos más inferiores donde es posible atender a su estudio hasta últimos cursos de la enseñanza obligatoria. Además, se atiende al análisis de diversas variables psicológicas para analizar su incidencia moduladora en la escritura. Se utilizó una muestra muy depurada de 348 alumnos, con edades comprendidas entre los 9 y 16 años, con un desarrollo normalizado y unos niveles de competencia curricular y escritora dentro de la media. Los resultados indican patrones complejos de evolución del proceso de escritura y su orquestación, en comparación con el producto escrito, constatando que no existe una traducción directa entre la evolución del proceso de escritura y su distribución temporal, y la mejoría del producto escrito; todo ello mediado por variables psicológicas relacionadas con la presencia de creencias de auto-eficacia hacia el despliegue y uso de procesos escritores no calibradas de forma adecuada y la realización de atribuciones causales a factores externos, en los niveles educativos más inferiores. Se discuten las implicaciones, limitaciones y perspectivas futuras.

Motivation is a highly complex and challenging issue facing teachers in English second language classrooms. A multitude of motivational frameworks and theories from various fields such as motivational psychology have shaped classroom practices. Various psychological variables regarding individual learner characteristics play a major role in the success of second language acquisition and the interplay of the teacher in this process has a dominant impact on student outcomes. Content based activities which contain a physical element in the learning process and are related to their interests in an atmosphere which is supportive, nonthreatening, engaging and stimulating can improve motivation. The teachers` role and understanding of the overall learning environment are highly significant in generating and sustaining motivation. By considering that students are motivated differently and are influenced by social and contextual differences the teacher is able to apply motivationsensitive practices to foster language learning. This paper aims to address these issues associated with motivation regarding Japanese sport college students.

O diagnóstico de epilepsia acarreta um rompimento na maneira como o indivíduo se percebe, na sua vida social e econômica e nos seus planos de futuro. Este estudo buscou avaliar variáveis psicológicas (percepção de controle de crises) e características da doença na determinação da qualidade de vida (QV) de pacientes adultos com diagnóstico de epilepsia há mais de dois anos. Foram avaliados 60 participantes, aleatoriamente selecionados no ambulatório de epilepsia do HC/Unicamp, com idade entre 18 e 70 anos (M = 37,05; DP = 11,25), através do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida 65 (QQV-65). As variáveis da doença não foram significativas, com exceção da freqüência de crises, que apareceu associada à piora na QV, entre crises controladas e crises com freqüência acima de 10 por mês (p = 0,021). A percepção do controle de crises apareceu significativamente associada à QV (p = 0,005). A interpretação subjetiva de crises controla a resposta de ajustamento à doença e do senso de bem-estar geral e explicam porque a QV é melhor nos participantes livres de crises.The epilepsy diagnostic breaks the way people used to perceive themselves, and tends to destroy their social and economical life, as well as their plans for the future. This study searched for the evaluation of psychological variables (perception of seizure control) and the illness characteristics determining the quality of life (QoL) in patients with the diagnostic of epilepsy for over two years. The sample consisted of 60 individuals with chronic epilepsy, aging 18 to 70 (M = 37.05; SD = 11.25), chosen at random from the outpatient clinic of epilepsy - University Hospital of Campinas /UNICAMP and evaluated by means of the Questionnaire of Quality of Life 65 (QQV-65). The illness characteristics were not statistically significant, except the seizures frequency, when associated to the impairment in QoL among controlled seizures and seizures with frequency higher than 10 per month (p = 0.021). The perception of control was significantly associated to QoL (p = 0.005). The seizures subjective understanding controls the adjustment to the disease and the sense of well being and explains why the QoL is better when the individual does not have any seizure.

OBJECTIVES: Worldwide, i.e. in Iran, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is one of the most common and expensive surgeries. This study was designed to explore the demographic and psychological factors which predict the recovery process in CABG patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a prospective correlational study, 250 CABG patients, in two public and private hospitals, investigated for indexes of recovery during hospital stay and 4 weeks after discharge. Demographic and psychological variables were collected through checklist and Farsi validated and reliable versions of type D personality, the multidimensional scale of perceived social support, revised illness perception questionnaire (IPQ-R). Data were analyzed through statistical tests through SPSS version 20. RESULTS: Considering the total recovery index, 91.2% of CABG patients have not been recovered 4 weeks after surgery. Furthermore, 99% of them reported high scores of depression and anxiety. Marital and insurance status, and perceived personal control, showed significant difference between recovered and unrecovered patients based on total recovery index (P < 0.05); however, in regression analysis, they did not identify as predictor variables. Age, gender, insurance status, and perceived personal control were the most frequent variables identified as predictors of recovery indexes, separately. CONCLUSION: The correlation between depression, anxiety, perceived personal control, and recovery status among our patients reveals the importance of considering psychological and mood assessment in developing guidelines for CABG patients. Our findings will assist clinicians for designing of psychological interventions for promotion of perceived personal and illness control and better recovery post-CABG.

Objective: The main aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between cosmetic surgery and psychological variables such as self-esteem and marital satisfaction along with its components in Iran. Methods: The study had an ex-post facto, pre-post-test design. Using purposive sampling method, a total of 30 married women, who had referred for cosmetic surgery to clinics in Tehran, were incorporated during a six-month period. Data collection instruments included Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. The obtained data were analyzed using inferential statistics (analysis of variance for repeated measures, related sample test, and Pearson correlation coefficient). Results: According to the results of this study, some components of marital satisfaction (such as marital relations, financial management, leisure, and sex) and self-esteem of women before and after cosmetic surgery is statistically significant also there is a relationship betwean marital satisfaction and self-esteem, as self-esteem increases, marital satisfaction rises too. Conclusion: Performance of such surgeries always presents risks, and advice should be sought before making any decision about the surgery.

Purpose: A meta-analysis of empirical studies performed in Korea was conducted to systematically investigate the associations between the indices of Internet addiction (IA) and psychosocial variables. Materials and Methods: Systematic literature searches were carried out using the Korean Studies Information Service System, Research Information Sharing Service, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and references in review articles. The key words were Internet addiction, (Internet) game addiction, and pathological, problematic, and excessive Internet use. Only original research papers using Korean samples published from 1999 to 2012 and officially reviewed by peers were included for analysis. Ninety-five studies meet ing the inclusion criteria were identified. Results: The magnitude of the overall effect size of the intrapersonal variables associated with internet addiction was significantly higher than that of interpersonal variables. Specifically, IA demonstrated a medium to strong association with “escape from self” and “self-identity” as selfrelated variables. “Attention problem”, “self-control”, and “emotional regulation” as control and regulation-relation variables; “addiction and absorption traits” as temperament variables; “anger” and “aggression” as emotion and mood and variables; “negative stress coping” as coping variables were also associated with comparably larger effect sizes. Contrary to our expectation, the magnitude of the correlations between relational ability and quality, parental relationships and family functionality, and IA were found to be small. The strength of the association between IA and the risk and protective factors was found to be higher in younger age groups. Conclusion: The findings highlight a need for closer examination of psy chosocial factors, especially intrapersonal variables when assessing high-risk individuals and designing intervention strategies for both general IA and Internet game addiction.

Understanding what motivates consumer behavior has been a focus of interest in areas such as Marketing and Psychology. Hence, the aim of this thesis was to know in what extent the consumption of clothing can be explained by individual psychological variables (Human Values, Judgment and Meaning of products, Need for Cognition, and Social Desirability), variables related to clothing (Concern with Personal Appearance, Clothing Involvement, Engagement with Buying Clothes, and Attitude of Clothing Consumption) and by implicit processes (IAT and Priming). For this, six empirical studies were conducted. Study 1 aimed to validate the scales of Concern with Personal Appearance, Engagement with Purchase of Clothing, Attitude towards Clothing Consumption, and Knowledge or Experiences in Clothing Consumption. Participants were 223 undergraduate students, most of them females (57.4%), single (85.7%) with mean age of 23 years old (SD = 5.41). Results showed evidence of validity and reliability (Cronbach's alphas > 0.80). In Study 2, a confirmatory factor analysis of these scales was conducted. Participants were 233 people, mostly female (51.9%), single (57.5%) with a mean age of 31 years old (SD = 9.40). The results indicated that the instruments have satisfactory indeces of fit (χ²/df < 2.97, GFI > 0.92, AGFI > 0.87, CFI > 0.94, and RMSEA < 0.09), confirming the appropriateness of the measures. In Study 3, the differences between the values of the brand (Brand Equity) from stores in João Pessoa clothing segment were analyzed. Fifty women participated, most of them unmarried (91.3%) with a mean age of 23 years old (SD = 4.43). With these results it was possible to organize the stores in Low, Medium and High Brand Equity [F(2.421) = 293.72, p < 0.01]. Study 4 sought to analyze the predictive ability of individual psychological variables, those related to clothing, the Implicit Attitude and demographic characteristics towards clothing consumption. The gender difference was proven, indicating greater involvement of women with measures related to clothing and the consumer intentions (t > 1.96, p < 0.05). The basic value called Promotion and Symbolic Meaning were individual variables with the highest correlations with the variables related to clothing (r > 0.22, p < 0.01). The factors regarding trademarks and Low Brand Equity shops were explained more appropriately by demographic variables. On the other hand, the marks of Medium and High Brand Equity showed a pattern in which the behavioral variables and value of the product were explained, with greater force, by individual psychological variables. It was possible to corroborate the adequacy of the hierarchical model for Values Attitudes Behavioral Intention, through the mediation of Attitudes between Human Values and Behavioral Intention (Sobel z > 1.96, p < 0.05). In Study 5, it was possible to prove the influence of implicit measures (IAT) compared to the amount paid for a Low Brand Equity piece of clothes (β = -0.14, p < 0.05). The study included 203 female students, most of them single (67.5 %), with a mean age of 25 years old (SD = 7.17). In Study 6, the experimental methodology was used to evaluate the effect of subliminal Priming of advertising on High Brandy Equity clothing towards variables analyzed in this thesis. The results indicated that the Priming task affected the implied attitudes in the experimental group. A total of 50 undergraduate students, all female, separated randomly into two groups participated in this study. In conclusion, it is estimated that the objectives of this thesis have been achieved and that such studies can contribute to the construction of knowledge in the area of consumer behavior. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Compreender o que motiva os comportamentos de consumo tem sido um dos focos de interesse de áreas como o Marketing e a Psicologia. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta tese foi conhecer em que medida o consumo de roupas pode ser explicado por variáveis psicológicas individuais (Valores Humanos, Julgamento e Significado do Produto, Necessidade de Cognição e Desejabilidade Social), por aquelas relacionadas à roupa (Preocupação com a Aparência, Envolvimento com a Roupa, Engajamento na Compra de Roupas e Atitudes frente ao Consumo de Roupa) e por processos implícitos (TAI e Priming). Para isso, foram realizados seis estudos empíricos. O Estudo 1 teve como objetivo principal conhecer evidências de validade das Escalas de Preocupação com a Aparência, Engajamento na Compra de Roupas, Atitudes frente ao Consumo de Roupa e o Questionário de Conhecimento ou Experiências com o Consumo de Roupas. Participaram 223 estudantes, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (57,4%), solteira (85,7%), com idade média de 23 anos (DP = 5,41). Os resultados indicaram evidências de validade e precisão (alfas de Cronbach > 0,80). No Estudo 2 foi realizado uma análise confirmatória dessas escalas. Participaram 233 pessoas, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (51,9%), solteira (57,5%) e com idade média de 31 anos (DP = 9,40). Os resultados indicaram que os instrumentos apresentaram índices de ajuste satisfatórios (χ²/gl < 2,97, GFI > 0,92, AGFI > 0,87, CFI > 0,94 e RMSEA < 0,09), corroborando a adequação das medidas. No Estudo 3 foi analisada a diferenciação pelo valor da marca (Brand Equity) das lojas do segmento de vestuário de João Pessoa. Contou-se com a colaboração de 50 participantes do sexo feminino, sendo a maioria solteira (91,3%) e com idade média de 23 anos (DP = 4,43). Com os resultados foi possível organizar as lojas nos níveis Baixo, Médio e Alto Brandy Equity [F(2,421) = 293,72; p < 0,01]. O Estudo 4 buscou analisar a capacidade preditiva das variáveis psicológicas individuais, daquelas relacionadas à roupa, dos processos implícitos e das características demográficas frente ao consumo de roupas. Comprovou-se a diferença de gênero, indicando um maior envolvimento das mulheres com as medidas relacionadas com a roupa e as intenções de consumo (t > 1,96, p < 0,05). A subfunção valorativa Realização e o Significado Simbólico foram as variáveis individuais que apresentaram os maiores coeficientes de correlação com as variáveis relacionadas à roupa (r > 0,22, p < 0,01). Os fatores referentes às marcas e lojas de Baixo Brand Equity foram explicados com mais propriedade pelas Variáveis Demográficas, já as marcas de Médio e Alto Brand Equity apresentaram um padrão em que as variáveis Comportamentais e de Valor do produto foram explicadas, com maior força, pelas variáveis psicológicas individuais. Assim, corroborou-se a hierarquia Valores - Atitudes - Intenção Comportamental, por meio da mediação das Atitudes entre os Valores Humanos e a Intenção Comportamental (z de Sobel > 1,96, p < 0,05). No Estudo 5 foi possível comprovar a influência das medidas implícitas (TAI) frente ao Valor pago por uma peça Baixo Brand Equity (β = -0,14, p < 0,05). Participaram deste estudo 203 estudantes do sexo feminino, sendo a maioria solteira (67,5%) e com idade média de 25 anos (DP = 7,17). O Estudo 6 utilizou a metodologia experimental para avaliar o efeito do Priming subliminar de uma publicidade de roupas de Alto Brandy Equity frente às variáveis analisadas nesta tese. Os resultados indicaram que a tarefa Priming afetou as Atitudes Implícitas do Grupo Experimental. Participaram deste estudo 50 estudantes universitárias, separadas randomicamente em dois grupos. Diante destes resultados, estima-se que os objetivos desta tese foram alcançados e que estudos dessa natureza possam contribuir na construção do conhecimento na área de comportamento do consumidor.

El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar el control de la actitud en jugadores de un equipo de fútbol, atendiendo a sus pensamientos y comportamientos durante las competiciones y en momentos diferentes de su carrera deportiva. Para ello, se ha utilizado el Inventario Psicológico Deportivo LOEHR. El estudio ha revelado que es un equipo con un nivel medio-alto en control de actitudes, con una alta capacidad de esfuerzo y con una buena autorregulación del pensamiento. Así pues, se contempla la posibilidad de proceder a una intervención psicológica con la intención de mejora o perfeccionamiento actitudinal para el afrontamiento de la competición en el alto rendimiento y así otorgar una mayor optimización del rendimiento deportivo The objective of this study is to analyze the attitude control in a team of soccer players, according to their thoughts and behaviors during competition and at different times of their sports career. To do so, the LOEHR sports psychological profile was utilized. The study has revealed that this team has a medium-high level of attitude control, with a high capacity of effort and good self-regulation of thoughts. So, it considers the possibility of using a psychological intervention with the intention of improving or perfecting attitudes to cope with high-performance competition and so provide a greater athletic performance optimization

El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar el control de la actitud en jugadores de un equipo de fútbol, atendiendo a sus pensamientos y comportamientos durante las competiciones y en momentos diferentes de su carrera deportiva. Para ello, se ha utilizado el Inventario Psicológico Deportivo LOEHR. El estudio ha revelado que es un equipo con un nivel medio-alto en control de actitudes, con una alta capacidad de esfuerzo y con una buena autorregulación del pensamiento. Así pues, se contempla la posibilidad de proceder a una intervención psicológica con la intención de mejora o perfeccionamiento actitudinal para el afrontamiento de la competición en el alto rendimiento y así otorgar una mayor optimización del rendimiento deportivo The objective of this study is to analyze the attitude control in a team of soccer players, according to their thoughts and behaviors during competition and at different times of their sports career. To do so, the LOEHR sports psychological profile was utilized. The study has revealed that this team has a medium-high level of attitude control, with a high capacity of effort and good self-regulation of thoughts. So, it considers the possibility of using a psychological intervention with the intention of improving or perfecting attitudes to cope with high-performance competition and so provide a greater athletic performance optimization

El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la influencia de la evaluación del rendimiento que los jugadores de un equipo de fútbol realizan sobre sí mismos o sobre las evaluaciones realizadas por personas externas a ellos. Se estudia, si existe influencia sobre el rendimiento deportivo, y en este caso, se analiza cómo afecta, quienes son los agentes influyentes y cuáles son las evaluaciones que determinan afectación sobre el rendimiento del deportista. Para ello, se ha utilizado el Cuestionario de Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo (CPRD). El estudio ha revelado que la influencia de la evaluación recae sobre diferentes variables psicológicas del deportista que según características personales, repercute positiva o negativamente sobre su rendimiento deportivo The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of performance evaluations on the players of a soccer team that they conduct on themselves or carried out by other people external to the team. The study analyzes if there is influence on athletic performance and. in this case, discusses how it affects them, what are the influential agents and what are the assessments that determine the impact on the performance of the athlete. To do so, the Psychological Characteristics Questionnaire related to Sports Performance (CPRD) was utilized. The study has revealed that the influence of evaluation depends on different psychological variables of the athlete that, depending on personal characteristics, produces a positive or negative impact on his athletic performance