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Objective: To observe the effect of Shugan Jianpi methodon tlie histology. PRL and PRLR of mammary gland in rats with postpartum hypogalactia of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome. Methods: The rat model of postpartum hypogalactia of liver stagnationand spleen deficiency was reproduced by bromocriptine mesylate solution and chronic binding method. .After the drug was gavaged. HE staining and immunohistocheinistry were used to compare the effects of different interventions on mammary gland morphology and expression of prolactin and prolactin receptors in postpartum lactating rats. Serum and mammary gland PRL. serum GAS and the hypothalamic (The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. HPA axis) related indicators were detected by enzyme-linked iimnuno sorbent assay (ELISA): serum corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (AC'TH). serum cortisol (COR). Results: Compared to the model group, the methoxychloropylamine group and Chinese medicine of high, medium and low dose group can promote the development of breast tissue to active lactation, which is characterized by acinar cavity filling, increased number of acinar epithelial cells, and deterioration of connective tissue and adipose tissue. At the same time, the methoxychloropylamine group and Chinese medicine can increase the expression of PRL and PRLR in breast tissue. The effect of Chinese medicine medium dose treatment group is better than the other groups, hi breast tissue, the relationship between PRL and PRLR is linearly related (1-0.845. P< 0.05). Compared to the model group, serum COR. CRH and AC'TH in the therapy group decreased significantly (P<0.05). while serum and mammary gland PRL and serum GAS level increased (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The mechanism of Shugan Jianpi method promoting lactation hi postparnun hypogalactia rats is closely related to increasing the expression of PRL and PRL receptor expression, regulating gastrointestinal function, inhibiting hyperactivity of HPA axis, and thus promoting the development of breast tissue morphology to active lactation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The August Agreements are often identified with one very specific document – the agreement signed on 31 August 1980 in Gdańsk between the Government Commission of the Deputy Prime Minister Mieczysław Jagielski and the Inter-Enterprise Strike Committee (MKS) headed by Lech Wałęsa. One day before, an analogous agreement with representatives of the authorities was signed by MKS led by Marian Jurczyk in Szczecin. This happened despite the arrangements, previously made between the two striking centers, on joint and solidary strike. It was the result of both specific circumstances in the final hours of the strike in the capital of Western Pomerania, and of the accounts of the striking residents of Gdańsk and Szczecin in a broader approach. The Szczecin Agreement also had significant consequences. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the problems outlined above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper aims to juxtapose the literary portrayals of the socialist Warsaw and Francoist Madrid depicted in two postwar novels: The Man with the White Eyes by Leopold Tyrmand and The Hive by Camilo José Cela1, respectively. The starting point for the considerations is geopoetics and, more precisely, the concept of the sensory and emotive topographies. It is intended to demonstrate that the approach in question provides the tools adequate to analyse the configuration of Warsaw's and Madrid's urban spaces portrayed in Polish novels from the Polish People's Republic period and Spanish novels from the Francoism period. The comparative approach, in turn, enables the juxtaposing of the research objects and gathering of the data useful for the purposes of Polish-Spanish intercultural studies, such as intercultural communication studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Andrzej Leder, Polish psychoanalyst and philosopher, states that between 1939 and 1956, a revolution took place in Poland. A revolution he calls an 'overslept revolution' (LEDER 2014). To him, it is the time when Polish society entered modernity and changed its model from a feudal to a bourgeois society. He utilizes Jacques Lacan's term trans-passive to underscore the character of Polish revolution: it is perceived as someone else's act, as a nightmare and a sweet phantasy at the same time. This article explores the consequences the workers' protests in Poland between 1945 and 1948, and their performative, or theatrical character. I question how this influences our understanding of common memory and history. Another important philosophical context is Hannah Arendt's On Revolution (1963), and her statement that in any revolutionary act there is a deep division between the mass population and how their goals are formulated. Performative perspective is a way to overcome this division - at least in historical thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between concentrations of Prolactin (PRL) and Growth hormone (GH) and seasonal factors such as temperature and photoperiod for one year in 13 heads (6 female and 7 male) of 1.5 years old Angora goat. For this purpose, to determine hormones concentrations, blood samples were taken from jugular vein of each goat in every month for one year. Hormones analyses in the serum were performed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method. Monthly climatic values and photoperiod of the period during which the experiment was conducted, were obtained from the Turkish State Meteorological Service. In the study, in order to determine any possible differences in the observed hormones concentrations with respect to genders and months, repeated measures ANOVA analyses was performed. As a result of statistical analysis, there were significant differences among the (p < 0.01) and genders (p < 0.05) for GH concentrations, while there were significant interaction (p < 0.01) of gender x month for PRL concentrations. As a result of the study, it was determined that the PRL releases were seasonally dependent and significantly affected by the seasonal changes of photoperiod and temperature, while GH was not seasonally dependent in Angora goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Esperanto movement played a notable part in „civic space" during the communist era in Poland. Esperanto had. after all, been invented by a Polish Jew and had enjoyed a fair measure of popularity before 1945. Immediately after 1945, Polish Esperantists re-emerged -- not infrequently from Nazi prisons and concentration camps -- to re-found their movement. However, Esperanto in Poland soon fell a victim of Stalinism, only to re-emerge in the later 1950s. From the later 1950s until the end of People's Poland, Esperanto enjoyed a fair amount of benevolence and even material support from the government. Esperantists were allowed to travel, publish (both books and periodicals), and invite foreign Esperantists to visit Poland. The exact motivations for this state benevolence cannot be explained precisely, but most likely the internationalist ideology of Esperanto, combined with a diligent avoidance on the part of Polish Esperanto organizations to avoid controversial topics and to support the regime, explains why People's Poland allowed and even partially financed Esperanto courses (including at select state schools), summer camps, publications, and even international gatherings such as the Universala Kongreso („World Congress") in Warsaw in 1959 (the centenary of Ludwik Zamenhof's birth) and 1987 (the centenary of Esperanto). The movement opened a considerable public space for Polish Esperantists. Local organizations brought together individuals with similar interests for lectures, cultural events, and social get-togethers and allowed Poles access to information (including personal contacts) from around the world. Radio Polonia in Warsaw broadcast in Esperanto, starting in 1959, and for some active Esperantists, the movement allowed travel abroad at goverment expense. In short, Esperanto provided a specific and significant type of public space for Poles in the People's Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to analyze social practices that go beyond the centralized system of care for orphans in the postwar Poland symbolized by an overcrowded children's home of the late communist era. I will focuse on two different phenomena, specific for two different periods of the People's Republic of Poland, which are on the borderline of the institutionalized caring practices prevailing at that time. Informal adoption (so-called dochowańcy) in the countryside is an example of phenomena that eludes almost completely the systematic control of the state and deviates from those promoted then as modern educational models. The second phenomenon are the family group homes (rodzinne domy dziecka), the hybrid of the family and institutional care facilities, which were supposed to be a cure for psychological and pedagogical problems related to the child's long-term stay in a care institutions. The interpretive framework will be the concept of borderline, which allows to draw attention to the unobvious relationship of the above-mentioned bottom-up social practices with the central care management system in Poland. Despite different genesis, both phenomena constitute an important borderline of the care system and a permanent reference point for dominant patterns. In the first case, the borderline is based on the clash of modernity determined by the rights of the child (including, above all, the right to education and personal development) with traditional values and needs of the rural community. Family homes are in turn an example of the interpenetration of modernity understood in terms of professionalization and bureaucratization of the late communist period with a traditional image of the ideal large family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article the author documents the functioning of former exiles to Siberia (Polish nationals exiled to or imprisoned in Siberia by the Soviet Union) in the private space in the Polish People's Republic. The group, marked by a strongly tabooed experience of repression and deprived of any possibility of publicly expressing their trauma, managed to preserve their identity throughout the several decades of the existence of the oppression system. The article is an attempt to examine the private space as the only "room for manoeuvre" in which preservation of memory of the traumatic experience was possible at the time. Personal life -- within a family, among friends and strictly inner life -- is reconstructed in the article on the basis of oral history sources as well as published memoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is predicted that yield characteristics will be affected in the negative direction as a result of future global warming. Genotyping gene regions affecting the yield characteristics of animals today and thereby contributing to minimizing this situation in which producers can be affected in the negative direction. The aim of this study is to determine genotype and allele distribution of PRL, GH and PROP1 genes of the indigenous goat breeds in Turkey. Unrelated 50 Anatolian Black, 50 Kilis and 50 Angora goat breeds are used as the sample of the study. The genotype and allele frequencies of PRL and PROP1 were detected by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The GH polymorphism was determined by direct sequencing. C allele frequency of PROP1 and A allele frequency of the PRL was found to be high in Anatolian Black, Kilis and Angora goat breeds. Only BB genotype was bserved in 5' promoter region GH gene. As result, it can be suggested that these three genes need further investigation on more goat breeds and larger numbers of individuals and also further investigations should be carried out in order to understand the relations between gene and efficiency traits. Based on these, future studies on Anatolian breeds can lead to more definitive results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The developing pituitary is a rapidly changing environment that is constantly meeting the physiological demands of the growing organism. During early postnatal development, the anterior pituitary is refining patterns of anterior hormone secretion in response to numerous genetic factors. Our laboratory previously developed a somatotrope leptin receptor (LEPR) deletion mouse model that had decreased lean body mass, disrupted metabolism, decreased GH stores and was GH deficient as an adult. To understand how deletion of LEPR in somatotropes altered GH, we turned our attention to postnatal development. The current study examines GH, PRL, TSH, ACTH, LH and FSH secretion during postnatal days 4, 5, 8, 10 and 15 and compares age and sex differences. The LEPR mutants have dysregulation of GH (P < 0.03) and a reduced developmental prolactin peak in males (P < 0.04) and females (P < 0.002). There were no differences in weight between groups, and the postnatal leptin surge appeared to be normal. Percentages of immunolabeled GH cells were reduced in mutants compared with controls in all age groups by 35-61% in males and 41-44% in females. In addition, we measured pituitary expression of pituitary transcription factors, POU1F1 and PROP1. POU1F1 was reduced in mutant females at PND 10 (P < 0.009) and PND 15 (P < 0.02) but increased in males at PND 10 (P < 0.01). PROP1 was unchanged in female mutants but showed developmental increases at PND 5 (P < 0.02) and PND 15 (P < 0.01). These studies show that the dysfunction caused by LEPR deletion in somatotropes begins as early as neonatal development and involves developing GH and prolactin cells (somatolactotropes). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many seasonally breeding species, photoperiod is an important factor involved in reproduction. Capra hircus breeds are normally considered short-day breeders. An experiment was carried out to evaluate whether or not photoperiodic regimens influence circulating hormone levels (prolactin, melatonin, thyrotropin stimulating hormine, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone) of Henan huai local goat exposing to different photoperiodic regimens. The results showed that plasma levels of prolactin, melatonin, thyrotropin stimulating hormine, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone were higher in the 8 L: 16 T) photoperiodic regimen than that in the 16 L: 8 D photoperiodic regimen. Levels of those hormones decreased on day 7 and day 28 when the 16 L: 8 D photoperiodic regimen was used continuously. It was concluded that serum concentrations of the hormones increased in summer when short day (8 L: 16 D) was used and decreased when the goats were transferred from short day for 42 d to long day exposure for 28 d. We suggest that in summer, levels of hormones changing may be due to short day animals. Changing of related hormones is still determined by the mechanism of internal regulation of short day animal's exposure to light changes. Shortening light may also help increase the reproductive activity of goat and thus increase productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper gives a short overview of one hundred years of Polish history in the area of trade on the occasion of the centenary of Poland regaining its independence. Four periods - the interwar period, decades of the Polish People's Republic, the transition period from 1989 to 2004 and Polish membership in the European Union - are analysed to show that during these one hundred years, Poland had to build its trade and economy from scratch thrice. The paper focuses on the most important trends and looks into the geographic and product structures of trade. Unsurprisingly, the results show that the most dynamic growth and the most positive changes are observed in Polish trade during its membership in the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The film by Stanisław Różewicz On the Hideout (original title: Na melinę) was included in the series of television films Day One, Last Day (original title: Dzień ostatni, dzień pierwszy, 1965). For many reasons, however, it was detained by censorship, although it represented high artistic values. The article is an attempt to examine both the content of the film itself and its literary prototype, as well as the answer to the question why it has not been broadcast for over 15 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) worldwide has necessitated a more thorough understanding of it and expanded the scope of research in this field. Women are more resistant to NAFLD than men despite equal exposure to major risk factors, such as obesity or hyperlipidemia. Female resistance is hormone-dependent, as evidenced by the sharp increase in NAFLD incidence in post-menopausal women who do not take hormone replacement therapy. Here, we found that the estrogen-responsive pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL), through specific PRL receptor (PRLR), down-regulates hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation. PRL was demonstrated to significantly down-regulate hepatic TG accumulation in female mice and protect male mice from liver steatosis induced by high-fat diet. Interestingly, Ad-shPRLR injected mice, whose hepatic PRLR abundance was effectively decreased at the protein levels, exhibited significantly aggravated liver steatosis. PRL could decrease the expression of stearoyl–coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, in animal models and multiple hepatic cell lines. Following knockdown of PRLR, the changes to PRL-triggered SCD1 expression disappeared. Thus, PRL acted as a previously unrecognized master regulator of liver TG metabolism, indicating that modification of PRL via PRLR might serve as a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus play a role in inhibiting prolactin (PRL) secretion from the anterior pituitary. PRL is involved in a variety of behaviors, including feeding. Consequently, we hypothesized that fasting might reduce the activity of TIDA neurons, which might alter PRL secretion. However, direct examinations of TIDA neuron activity are difficult. Recently, transgenic mice were generated that expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase gene. We first determined that GFP in the dorsomedial ARC was a reliable marker of TIDA neurons. Then, we performed electrophysiology and immunocytochemistry in GFP-labeled TIDA neurons to examine whether different feeding conditions could change their activity. Eight-week-old male mice were fed or fasted for 24 h. After sacrifice, we prepared acutely isolated brain slices for conducting whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings. TIDA neurons were identified with fluorescence microscopy. The mean amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) was significantly reduced in fasting mice compared to fed mice, but different feeding conditions did not affect the mean mEPSC intervals. This result suggested that fasting reduced the number of excitatory synaptic inputs to TIDA neurons. To determine whether a reduction in excitatory synaptic inputs would cause a reduction in TIDA neuron activity, we examined the effect of 24-h fasting on c-Fos expression in the ARC. We found that fasting significantly reduced the number of Fos-positive TIDA neurons. In addition, serum PRL levels were significantly increased. Taken together, the present findings suggested that short-term fasting attenuated TIDA neuron activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of Juridica Sciences / Roczniki Nauk Prawnych is the property of Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL & Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study used the phase inversion method to prepare a novel ZnCdSe/ZnS quantum dot molecularly imprinted (ZnCdSe/ZnS@MIPs) polyethersulfone (PES) fluorescent composite (ZnCdSe/ZnS@MIPs@PES) membrane for the rapid detection of pyrraline (PRL). This membrane addressed the challenges presented by quantum dots molecularly imprinted polymers (QDs@MIPs) particles in liquids and required no pre-treatments during the analysis for accurate content determination at a low LOD. When the samples passed through the membrane via an automatic circulating filtration device, the PRL was specifically adsorbed due to the imprinted recognition sites on the ZnCdSe/ZnS@MIPs particles, causing membrane fluorescence quenching. Matrix-interfering components were removed for the porous structure of the membrane. Compared with the ZnCdSe/ZnS@MIPs solution method, the detection limit and accuracy of the ZnCdSe/ZnS@MIPs@PES membrane technique was significantly more successful in enhancing enrichment and purification functionality, reducing the analysis duration from 3 to 4 d to 45 min, while the operational procedure was decreased from 16 steps to two. When applied for PRL analysis in milk with 15% PES content and 6 mg ZnCdSe/ZnS@MIPs addition, the PRL was quantitatively detected in a broad concentration range (30–1000 μg/L) with R2=0.99. The LOD of ZnCdSe/ZnS@MIPs@PES membrane decreased at a higher sample injection volume, reaching a minimum of 18.1476 μg/L at 14 mL injection. [Display omitted] • Fluorescent membrane was developed for rapid detection of PRL without pretreatment. • PRL can be specifically adsorbed while interfering components be removed. • The membrane broke through a series of bottlenecks of QDs-MIPs in solution method. • Enrichment and purification of membrane improved detection limit and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The PRL regulatory element binding protein (PREB) is a transcription factor that specifically binds to a Pit-1 binding element in the PRL promoter to regulate PRL gene expression in mammals. However, it is unknown whether chicken PREB involves the expression of PRL mRNA or not. This study aimed to clone and characterize the chicken PREB gene and to investigate the mRNA expression during embryogenesis and different reproductive stages. Based on the conserved sequence of the human, rats and mouse, primers pairs were designed and applied to amplify the PREB cDNA fragment. After sequencing of PCR products, 5′- and 3′- end of mRNA were amplified and determined. To identify the structure of the PREB gene, PCR amplification was conducted. The chicken PREB gene consisted of 9 exons and 8 introns and encoded for a 411 amino acid protein. The expression of PREB mRNA in the anterior pituitary gland was measured during embryogenesis and at different reproductive stages. PREB mRNA was detectable at embryonic day 12. Significant increase of levels of PREB mRNA was detected at embryonic day 18 and a maximum level was detected at day 1 of chick. In adult Silkie hens, the lowest level of PREB mRNA was detected in non-photostimulated hens whereas the highest level was observed in incubating hens. Since both the expression of PREB mRNA and PRL mRNA show a similar profile, PREB might be involved in expression of PRL mRNA. An alternative-splicing isoform, which lacks exon 7, was also detected. Because the predicted translated protein originating from this splicing isoform lacked most of the region of WD3 repeat region, this isoform may either have no function or have an alternative function. The results of this study support the possibility of involvement of PREB in PRL mRNA expression in the chicken anterior pituitary gland.

The author of the article studies the literary and cultural topos “Never more!”. He discusses its social and historical contexts as well as the instrumentalization of the anti-war rhetorics in the period of Peoples’ Republic of Poland (Pol. abbr. PRL). The outline also presents the place of anti-war rhetorics in the modern culture.

Party przy świecach (1980) Antoniego Krauzego, zrealizowane na podstawie opowiadania Jana Himilsbacha, jest opowieścią o wynikających z aspiracji naśladownictwie i chęci wyróżnienia się, stanowiąc zarazem krytyczne nawiązanie do socjalistycznego konsumeryzmu epoki Gierkowskiej. Bohaterowie chcą zaakcentować swój status przez zorganizowanie przyjęcia, w znacznej mierze odwołując się do imitacji obyczajów i postaw. Niezależnie od tego tytułowe party nie przestaje przecież być czymś wyjątkowym, pozwalającym wykroczyć poza codzienność. Tworzenie identyfikacji społecznej przez przygotowanie przyjęcia, sposób zachowania, dobór potraw i alkoholi jest czymś uniwersalnym, a zarówno aspiracje bohaterów, jak i obyczaje biesiadne nie są związane jedynie z kulturą PRL. Właśnie ten kontekst ma w filmie fundamentalne znaczenie. Party przy świecach, jak również inne przywoływane przez autorów filmy z lat 70., stanowią zatem także fascynujący opis obyczajów, zarówno ówczesnej codzienności, jak i świętowania.

Obchody 30-lecia kinematografii PRL, odpowiadające partyjno-rządowym rytuałom Polski Ludowej, miały wieloraki sens. Poza samą ideą upamiętnienia aktu upaństwowienia kinematografii polskiej dekretem Rady Ministrów O utworzeniu przedsiębiorstwa państwowego Film Polski z 13 listopada 1945 r. oczywiste było ich znaczenie polityczne. Dla władz PRL jubileusz stanowił jedną z okazji, aby podkreślić wkład PZPR w osiągnięcia polskiej kultury i nakłonić do współpracy jak największą liczbę twórców. W związku z tym kluczowe miejsce w programie obchodów zajmowały spotkania władz z filmowcami. W dniu 4 listopada 1975 r. I Sekretarz KC PZPR Edward Gierek wysokimi odznaczeniami państwowymi uhonorował 60 twórców. Uroczystości rocznicowe służyły wspólnocie socjalistycznej za bodźce rozwijające filmowe związki. Z tej okazji do Polski przybył przewodniczący Państwowego Komitetu Kinematografii Rady Ministrów ZSRR Filip Jermasz, dyrektor generalny kinematografii czechosłowackiej Jiří Purš oraz wiceminister kultury NRD Hans Starke. Obchodom towarzyszyła kampania propagandowa w mediach.

Kalendarz świąt społecznych, historycznych i religijnych był w Polsce Ludowej bardzo bogaty, a częstotliwość pojawiania się relacji o tych wydarzeniach w środkach masowego przekazu podlegała dużej dynamice w zależności od sytuacji politycznej. W całym dorobku ukazującej się co tydzień Polskiej Kroniki Filmowej są widoczne okresy wzmożonej aktywności kreowania celebry w pejzażu życia publicznego (stalinizm, propaganda sukcesu) oraz typowo filmowe środki warsztatowe i estetyczne (monotematyczność wydań, dobór taśmy, czas trwania) wykorzystywane przez operatorów do kreowania święta – z różnym skutkiem. Ekranowa obfitość rozmaitych świątecznych wydarzeń, nieraz o niewielkim rzeczywistym odzewie społecznym (Dzień Hutnika, Dzień Milicji Obywatelskiej), była narzędziem kształtowania postaw społecznych, a sama obecność kamer PKF była elementem tych ceremonii. Poetyka relacji świątecznych wielokrotnie się jednak zmieniała, występowała z rożną intensywnością, a czasami zanikała zupełnie.

Artykuł dotyczy funkcji spektaklu – wraz z metodami jego wytwarzania oraz poświęconymi mu dyskusjami – w filmach oświatowych powstałych w okresie Polski Ludowej. Podstawowe pytanie badawcze, jakie stawiają sobie autorzy tekstu, dotyczy napięcia między ideologiczną i estetyczną integralnością dyskursu edukacyjno-naukowego (dla którego film oświatowy miał być wehikułem) a teatralnością i rozpraszającym ekshibicjonizmem charakterystycznym dla estetyki triku, która bywa w tych filmach eksponowana. A zatem: jakie miejsce w realizacjach idei filmu oświatowego zajmowały rozmaite zabiegi „uniezwyklające” (takie jak chociażby zdjęcia mikroskopowe czy poklatkowe) i jak funkcje te były rozumiane przez twórców filmowych? Kompleksowa odpowiedź na to podwójne pytanie zakłada: 1) naszkicowanie historiograficznej perspektywy badania trikowości w filmach oświatowych; 2) ustalenie wyjściowego paradygmatu instytucjonalnego i stylistycznego, w ramach którego filmy te funkcjonowały w Polsce Ludowej; 3) analizę prób wyjścia poza schemat „efektu dydaktycznego” podejmowanych przez Włodzimierza Puchalskiego oraz Karola Marczaka i innych; 4) analizę alternatywnych wobec Puchalskiego i Marczaka metod problematyzowania relacji między widowiskiem a „efektem dydaktycznym” na przykładzie Jerzego Popiela-Popiołka i Romana Woźniakowskiego.

Pituitary adenomas represent the third most common primary intracranial tumor in neurosurgical practice. To understand the biological behaviour of the pituitary adenomas previous studies have determined the tumor proliferation rate using monoclonal antibodies targeted against the Ki-67 antigen. The aim of this study was to correlate the Ki-67 index with hormonal profiles of pituitary adenomas. The study included 50 pituitary adenomas. For histopathologic evaluation, the sections were stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin method. Additional paraffin sections from each tumor were immunostained using primary antibodies against the following pituitary hormones: somatotropin (STH), prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). To detect the expression of Ki-67 we used a mouse anti-human monoclonal antibody (clone K2). The percentage of Ki-67 positive nuclei (Ki-67 labeling index) was assessed by counting approximately 1000 nuclei of the tumor cells at ×400 magnification. Out of the 50 tumor samples, 31 (62%) pituitary adenomas showed proliferative activity, and the proliferation rate was variable in this group. The overall mean Ki-67 labeling index was 1.59 ± 1.47, ranging from 0.3% to 6.6%. In 5 cases, the Ki-67 index was >3%, all of them being prolactinomas. The Ki-67 index was higher in PRL-secreting adenomas (mean ± SD was 3.37 ± 1.80, range 0.9 - 6.6%). Our study provides the evidence that a higher Ki-67 value is associated with pituitary adenomas that secrete PRL (prolactinomas and mixed STH/PRL-secreting adenomas).

The goal of our study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of lipid metabolism disorders in children Krasnodar region of Russia. Overall 6,000 children 10-17 years were included in the study. Lipid disorders were observed in 11.3 %, excess body weight in 6.3%, and obesity in 5.0% of children. The above pathologies were more common in boys (14%) than girls (8.8%). The study revealed that hormonal disorders were the cause of every second obesity as an increased thyroid-stimulating hormone was observed in 9.5 %, increased prolactin - in 38.8 %, and hyperinsulinemia - in 22.0 % of children. Metabolic disorders that were observed were: hypercholesterolemia - in 24.0 % of children with obesity, impaired glucose tolerance - in 13.0%, and the presence of three or four components of the metabolic syndrome in various combinations, identified in 18.0 % of children with obesity.

The student strikes in the autumn of 1981 generated a flurry of cultural activities including a number of uncensored publishing initiatives. So for instance members of the Student Journalist Club of Lublin revived the Biuletyn Informacyjny under the new title Biuletyn Informacyjny LKDS (The Strike Edition). It was treated with distrust both by the communist authorities and the sympathizers of the Independent Student Union (NZS), who associated it with the old Socialist Union of Polish Students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Journalists from "Dziennik Bałtycki" newspaper have been taking the opportunity to fool the readers on the April Fools' Day and make them laugh at the effects of hoaxes. General character of the jokes has been changing through the years. Some jokes were made due to difficult living conditions, especially a deficiency of some goods (like citrus, Coca-Cola, light bulbs) or high costs of everyday life (lower prices for bus tickets). In "Dziennik Bałtycki" were also jokes, that in a funny way referred to scientific progress (ex. wrecked space probe in Gdynia, message from alien civilization). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yearbook of European Integration / Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej is the property of Faculty of Political Science & Journalism, Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Culture Context / Konteksty Kultury is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The mass mobilization of women into the workforce which took place in Poland in the 20th century contributed to changes within the institutions of family and marriage. For some women, the ingress into the labour market symbolized an opportunity to develop and gave them fulfillment and satisfaction. However, for others, professional duties became a hardship and synonym for lack of time, monotony and exhaustion. In the article the author analyzed autobiographical narratives of "ordinary" people which refer to the women's participation in the labour market. The narratives, which had been composed for autobiographical competitions organized in 1960s, enabled the author to perceive a conspicuous diversity of women's and their husbands' attitudes towards the phenomenon which was characteristic of the fi rst decades of the Polish People's Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura Alimentaria Piscaria et Zootechnica is the property of West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Media Research / Zeszyty Prasoznawcze is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Prolactin receptor (PRLR), as an important regulatory gene about growth and differentiation, might be a condition gene for reproductive traits. The prolactin receptor is a specific receptor for prolactin (PRL), which is an anterior pituitary peptide hormone involved in various physiological activities and is essential for reproductive improvement. In chickens, the PRLR gene is on the Z chromosome. In the present study, the polymorphism of exon 2 of PRLR gene in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnixjaponica) was investigated. Blood samples of 180 Japanese Quail were collected randomly. DNA was extracted from blood samples and amplified. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis of the exon 2 of PRLR gene. PCR-SSCP analysis of the exon 2 region revealed two banding patterns. Two different SSCP patterns, representing two different genotypes, were identified. The frequencies of the observed genotypes were 0.939 and 0.061 for AA and BB. Allele frequencies were 0.939 and 0.061 for A and B. Observed heterozygosity (Hobs) value was 0.0. The chi-square test showed significant (P<0.05) deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for this locus in studied population. The effect of these genotypes on weight gain was investigated, and the BB genotype was found to be associated with body weight at 46 days. This was the first study on polymorphism of PRLR gene in Japanese quail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Safety & Fire Technology / Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza is the property of Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpozarowej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: Selfheal has been used for many years in hyperprolactinemia induced galactorrhea, menstrual disorders, and dysgenesis with satisfactory curative effect. However, its mechanism is still unclear. This study intended to investigate the effect of selfheal extract on hyperprolactinemia in vivo and in vitro, in order to elucidate its mechanism of anti-hyperprolactinemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Hyperprolactinemia rat model was established. High dose (28.8 g/(kg·d)), middle dose (14.4 g/(kg·d)), and low dose (7.2 g/(kg·d)) of selfheal extract were used to treat the model to observe impact on serum estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Three cell lines MMQ, GH3, and PC12 were applied to investigate selfheal extract effect on PRL secretion, dopamine D2 receptor, and dopamine transporter (DAT). RESULTS: High and middle dose of selfheal extract significantly reduced PRL level in hyperprolactinemia rat compared with model group (P < 0.01). Compared with normal control, 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml selfheal extract obviously inhibited PRL secretion in MMQ cells that high expressed D2 receptor after 24 hours (P < 0.01), but did not affect PRL secretion in GH3 cells lack of D2 receptor. 8 mg/ml selfheal extract markedly suppressed D2 receptor and DAT expression in PC12 cells that strongly expressed D2 receptor and DAT (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Selfheal extract treated hyperprolactinemia through dopamine D2 receptor with significant effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective An inhibitory effect of ghrelin on gonadotrophin secretion has been reported in normally menstruating women possibly modulated by endogenous oestrogen. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ghrelin on gonadotrophin and prolactin ( PRL) secretion in oestrogen-deprived postmenopausal women. Design Prospective intervention study. Patients and Measurements Ten healthy postmenopausal volunteer women were studied during two 15-days periods of oestrogen treatment (A and B) a month apart. Four experiments (Exp) were performed in total, two on day 1 (Exp 1A and Exp 1B) and two on day 15 (Exp 15A and Exp 15B) of the two periods. The women received in Exp 1A and in Exp 15A two iv injections of ghrelin (0.15 μg/kg at time 0 minute and 0.30 μg/kg at time 90 minutes) and in Exp1B and in Exp 15B normal saline (2 mL), respectively. Blood samples were taken at −15, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes. Results After oestrogen treatment, late follicular phase serum oestradiol levels were attained on day 15 of periods A and B. Ghrelin administration did not affect serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH) and luteinizing hormone ( LH), whereas it increased significantly those of growth hormone ( GH) and PRL. In Exp 15A, serum PRL increment in response to ghrelin (area under the curve, net increment) was significantly greater than in Exp 1A ( P<.05). Conclusions This study demonstrates for the first time that in oestrogen-deprived postmenopausal women, ghrelin administration affects neither FSH nor LH levels but stimulates PRL secretion, that is amplified by exogenous oestrogen administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in the acylCoA diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and prolactin (PRL) genes on milk production traits and the potential influence of the PRL gene on SCC of Simmental and crossbred Holstein cattle as well as comparatively among them. A total of eighty-three cows were genotyped by PCR-RFLP method. Crossbred Holsteins with DGAT1 genotype KA had significantly higher fat content than cows with AA genotype and for FASN diplotype TW/AR had significantly higher fat content compared to diplotype AR/AR. In the observed group of animals, there was no association found between PRL SNP G8398A and milk production traits and SCC (SCS). For all three genes, cross bred Holstein had significantly higher milk yield, fat and protein content in certain genotypes/diplotypes. The results of combined genotype analysis of the three SNPs showed that GG/TWAR/KK genotype combination had the lowest SCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the summer of 1989, expectations ran high in Poland that crimes that had been committed or covered up by the communist regime would be investigated and that the perpetrators and their superiors would be put on trial. The democratic opposition addressed the issue in the Sejm immediately following the June 1989 elections -- even before the Mazowiecki government was formed. This resulted in the formation of the Rokita commission. However, judicial and procedural complexities thwarted much of the effort, and commitment to the rule of law was strong. Under these conditions, the political right promoted the notion that something was fishy, and Jan Rokita was their first victim. Referring to the image of a „thick line” they blamed prime minister Mazowiecki for the delay. This was a backward projection, and a powerful tool to sharpen the emerging political polarization which haunts Polish politics and society to the present day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Miedzy Oryginalem a Przekladem is the property of Ksiegarnia Akademicka Sp. zo.o and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)