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Dispositif of creativity, gender and the precarisation of artistic work The aim of this article is to open up theoretical perspectives to the research of the status of the artists and especially on its gender analysis. My principal points of references are the writings of a British cultural theorist Angela McRobbie and her concepts of disposi- tif of creativity and postfeminist sexual contract. The Foucauldian concept dispositif of creativity is used to illustrate how the features of artistic working conditions are in uenced by the wider and creativity-emphasizing current of changes taking place in the general sphere of production, therefore making the working conditions of the people working in the artistic sphere even more precarious. At the same time the model of “working like an artist” becomes a prominent feature not only in the creative sector but in other industries as well. All these features and transitions are also gendered in manifold ways. The concept of postfeminist sexual contract implies that the importance of young and highly educated women is constantly growing so that the so-called “top girls” have now become the ideal worker subjects of the post-Fordist era. This is not to say that gender inequality issues are disappeared, even though there is a certain kind of a post-feminist illusion of equality tak- ing place across the society. Because of this “postfeminist masquerade” the inequalities are being reshaped and therefore becoming more dif cult to grasp. In this article I will present the main features of these two concepts and use them to analyze the changes taking place in the Finnish context of artistic activity by referring to previous empirical research ndings implemented in the eld. As a conclusion I suggest that the increased amount of self-em- ployers and free artists in the Finnish artistic eld goes hand in hand with the growing importance of individualization implemented by the dispositif of creativity. This develop- ment also leads to new forms of gender inequality, such as the growing importance of the precarious or ‘untypical’ working position of working as a free artist, self-employer or entrepreneur as an explanatory factor of the income gap between male and female artists. Keywords: dispositif of creativity, precarization, gender, artistic work

The industrial revolution, with all his forms of exploitation of man by man, and the resistance born of the union of workers, gave birth and initial form to our labour law, through collective struggle and the conflict produced by such unfair situation. Far from overcoming these times, we see today, with legitimate concern, how the paradigm of work has changed as a result of globalization, facing a new period of precarization. The large-scale conflict is, therefore, just around the corner. In this context, the object of this paper is to ask ourselves about the role of the State in this reality, characterized by a tense “tense calm”, a prelude to the eventual conflict and alteration of social peace. And also what the collective of workers has done about it. The ultimate goal of this exercise is to answer a simple question: Should we worry?, La revolución industrial, con todas las formas de explotación del hombre por el hombre, y la resistencia nacida de la unión de trabajadores, dio nacimiento y forma inicial a nuestro derecho del trabajo, ello mediante la lucha colectiva y el conflicto producido por tal injusta situación. Lejos de superar dichos tiempos, vemos en la actualidad, con lícita preocupación, cómo el para­digma del trabajo ha cambiado producto de la globalización, enfrentándonos a un nuevo periodo de precarización. El conflicto a gran escala está, por tanto, a la vuelta de la esquina. Así, el objeto de este trabajo es preguntarnos cuál ha sido el rol del Estado frente a esta realidad, en que existe una “tensa calma”, un preludio al eventual conflicto y alteración de la paz social. Y también qué es lo que ha hecho el colectivo de trabajadores al respecto. El fin último de este ejercicio es contestar una simple pregunta: ¿Debemos preocuparnos?

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo caracterizar el grado de compromiso organizacional que evidenciaron los empleados hacia la empresa donde trabajan, dependiendo del tipo de contrato laboral con el cual fueron vinculados. Este trabajo se llevó a cabo desde una perspectiva empírico-analítica con metodología cuantitativa, no experimental, de tipo transversal y descriptivo-correlacional. La muestra fue de 270 empleados, con tiempo de vinculación mayor a 3 meses, de empresas colombianas pública y/o privada y con contrato a término indefinido, fijo y prestación de servicios. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un instrumento que constó de dos partes, la primera contenía una serie de ítems enfocados hacia datos sociodemográficos y la segunda parte, correspondió a la versión validada y traducida a Colombia por Osorio, Ramos & Walteros (2016) del Cuestionario de Compromiso Organizacional de Meyer et. al (1993), en el cual se encontró que algunos ítems (uno y tres) que agrupan al componente continuo, no están midiendo correctamente este factor y en el componente afectivo sucede lo mismo con un ítem (nueve). Por otro lado, los datos se analizaron en el programa SPSS para las variables de interés, el análisis para la confiabilidad del instrumento se llevó a cabo mediante el Alfa de Cronbach; el análisis de validez factorial se hizo mediante la medida Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin y el análisis diferencial, con la prueba ANOVA, para observar diferencias entre las variables compromiso organizacional y los diferentes tipos de contrato. Los resultados del análisis ANOVA, mostraron que el valor de significancia en el compromiso organizacional fue de 0.50, concluyendo que no hay diferencias entre el compromiso organizacional en función al tipo de contrato laboral. The objective of this research was to characterize the degree of organizational commitment shown by the employees towards the company where they work, depending on the type of employment contract with which they were linked. This work was carried out from an empirical-analytical perspective with quantitative, non-experimental methodology of transversal and descriptive-correlational type. The sample consisted of 270 employees, with a linkage time of more than 3 months, of public and / or private Colombian companies with an indefinite, fixed term contract and service provision. For data collection, an instrument consisting of two parts was used, the first contained a series of items focused on sociodemographic data and the second part corresponded to the version validated and translated for Colombia by Osorio, Ramos & Walteros (2016) of the Organizational Commitment of Meyer et. al (1993), in which it was found that some items (one and three) that group the continuous component, are not measuring this factor correctly and in the affective component the same thing happens with other item (nine). On the other hand, the data were analyzed using SPSS for the variables of interest, the analysis for reliability of the instrument was performed using Cronbach's alpha; The analysis of factorial validity was made by the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure and the differential analysis, with the ANOVA test, to observe differences between the organizational commitment variables and the different contract types. The results of the ANOVA analysis showed that the value of significance in the organizational commitment was 0.50, concluding that there is no difference between the organizational commitment according to the type of employment contract. Psicólogo http://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.co Pregrado

This article starts with the context of productive restructurings in the world of work of journalists, characterized by systematic layoffs and high turnover of professionals in newsrooms. Through the application of two surveys and 15 semi-structured interviews with communicators who were working in the State of São Paulo between December 2015 and January 2017, initially it seeks to assess the impacts of these restructurings on the work conditions of journalists. Next, the data are segmented by age groups, revealing an upward precarization of the most experienced in the sector. It is argued that this trend may be undermining the construction of a professional identity among new generations of reporters. Este artigo parte do contexto de reestruturações produtivas no mundo do trabalho dos jornalistas, caracterizado por sistemáticas demissões e alta rotatividade de profissionais nas redações. Por meio da aplicação de dois questionários e 15 entrevistas semiestruturadas com comunicadores que atuavam no Estado de São Paulo entre dezembro de 2015 e janeiro de 2017, busca-se inicialmente avaliar os impactos dessas reestruturações nas condições de trabalho dos jornalistas. Em seguida, os dados são segmentados por faixas etárias, revelando uma precarização ascendente dos mais experientes no setor. Argumenta-se que essa tendência pode estar debilitando a construção de uma identidade profissional entre as novas gerações de repórteres.

The labor conditions of cultural production have cultivated a neoliberal rationality, normalizing the precariousness of labor while holding workers accountable for individual success and for the success of the general economy. However, in the last twenty years there has been a quantitative growth of studies and teaching of cultural production. In this way, it is proposed to understand the professionalization of cultural producers between a critical formation within the University and a formation in the neoliberal market. The central question here is whether universities should adapt individuals to these market rules and / or should collaborate in building a confronting discourse. Therefore, a review was made of the mapping of cultural production teaching in Brazil, a study on the working conditions established in the Brazilian Classification of Occupations (CBO) and an analysis, from a semi-structured interview, of the trajectory of a recent graduate in the cultural production course of the Federal Fluminense University, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in order to understand how the teaching and contact with cultural policies in this space can modify an individual’s performance in the field. As condições laborais da produção cultural têm positivado uma racionalidade neoliberal, normatizando a precarização do trabalho ao mesmo tempo em que responsabiliza os trabalhadores pelo sucesso individual e pelo sucesso da economia geral. No entanto, nos últimos vinte anos, houve um crescimento quantitativo dos estudos e do ensino em produção cultural. Dessa forma, propõe-se entender a profissionalização de produtores e produtoras culturais entre uma formação crítica dentro da Universidade e uma formação própria do mercado neoliberal. A questão central aqui é se as universidades devem adaptar os indivíduos a essas regras de mercado e/ou devem colaborar na construção de um discurso de enfrentamento. Para tanto, foi realizada: uma revisão de mapeamentos sobre formação em produção cultural no Brasil; um estudo sobre as condições laborais dispostas na Classificação Brasileira de Ocupações (CBO); e uma análise, a partir de entrevista semiestruturada da trajetória de uma recém-graduada no curso de produção cultural da Universidade Federal Fluminense, a fim de entender como o ensino e o contato com políticas culturais nesse espaço podem modificar a atuação de um indivíduo no campo.

Дипломна робота присвячена дослідженню стану прекаризації жінок в умовах неоліберальних трансформацій українського суспільства. У роботі наведено ґенезу та прояви прекаризації з позицій критичної теорії, розглянуто теоретичні засади вивчення стану прекарності. Виділено різні концептуальні підходи до місця прекаріату в соціально-класовій структурі: прекаріат як клас, прекаріат як складова частина пролетаріату, прекаріат як соціальна страта. Проведено аналіз явища та тенденцій фемінізації прекарної праці через призму концепції інтерсекційності. Зроблено огляд неолібералізму як ідеології та загальну характеристику неоліберальних трансформацій в Україні. Здійснено аналіз соціально-економічного впливу неоліберальних трансформацій на становище українських жінок. Представлено та апробовано авторську програму та анкету соціологічного дослідження для визначення масштабів та особливостей стану прекаризації жінок в Україні. Diploma thesis is devoted to the study of the state of woman`s precarization under neoliberal transformations of Ukrainian society. The work presents the genesis and manifestations of critical theory, examines the theoretical principles of studying precarious state. Different groups of perspectives on the place of the precariat in the social-class structure are distinguished: the precariat as a class, the precariat as an integral part of the proletariat, and the precariat as a social stratum. The analysis of the phenomenon and tendencies of feminization of the precarious work is carried out through the prism of the concept of intersectionality. An overview of neoliberalism as an ideology has been made and features of neoliberal onset in Ukraine have been considered. The analysis of the socio-economic impact of neoliberal transformations on the situation of Ukrainian women is carried out. The author's program of sociological research is presented to determine the magnitude and features of the state of women's precarization in Ukraine.

RESUMEN: Objetivo/contexto: El trabajo realiza un estudio de caso de la democratización paraguaya y debate las hipótesis de una transición incompleta y de una democracia estable de baja calidad. Se presenta y analiza la transición desde 1989, a partir de los principales modelos analíticos del proceso, con el desarrollo de la estructura institucional, el comportamiento de los principales actores políticos del proceso y el comportamiento ciudadano. Metodología: El estudio de caso hace una periodización de la transición paraguaya, listando los principales eventos y actores centrales. Para examinar la capacidad institucional fueron utilizados los datos aportados por el IDD-Lat entre 2002 y 2016, mientras que el comportamiento ciudadano fue analizado a partir de los datos del Latinobarómetro entre 1995 y 2016. Conclusiones: Se observa que la baja capacidad institucional, junto con el comportamiento ciudadano negativo hacia el régimen, mantienen una situación relativamente estable de cultura política autoritaria e instituciones débiles que se puede caracterizar como democrática, pero con baja calidad y sin perspectiva de cambio. Originalidad: Los estudios sobre la democracia paraguaya comúnmente analizan el desarrollo de la estructura institucional, la capacidad institucional o el comportamiento ciudadano. La propuesta de este estudio es precisamente considerar la unión de las perspectivas a partir de la propuesta analítica de la precarización institucional, junto con el intento de periodización de las etapas de la transición democrática paraguaya, relacionando las etapas con el proceso de precarización institucional. ABSTRACT: Objective/context: The work presents a case study of the democratization in Paraguay and debates the hypotheses of an incomplete transition and a stable low-quality democracy. It presents and analyses the transition since 1989, based on the first analytical models of the process, with the development of the institutional structure, the behavior of the main political actors of the process, and citizen behavior. Methodology: The case study undertakes a periodization of the transition in Paraguay, listing the main events and actors. Institutional capacity was examined using the data contributed by the IDD-Lat from 2002 to 2016, whereas citizen behavior was analyzed based on Latin American data from between 1995 and 2016. Conclusions: the low institutional quality and negative citizen behavior towards the regime appear to maintain a relatively stable situation of authoritarian political culture and weak institutions that can be characterized as democratic, but one of low quality that lacks any perspective for change. Originality: Studies on democracy in Paraguay, commonly analyze the development of the institutional structure, institutional capacity or citizen behavior. The proposal of this study is to consider a joining of the perspectives based on the analytical proposals for institutional precarization, together with an attempt at the periodization of the stages of the democratic transition in Paraguay, relating the phases with the process of institutional precarization. RESUMO: Objetivo/contexto: O trabalho realiza um estudo de caso da democratização paraguaia e debate as hipóteses de uma transição incompleta e de uma democracia estável de baixa qualidade. A transição desde 1989 é apresentada e analisada a partir dos principais modelos analíticos do processo com o desenvolvimento da estrutura institucional, do comportamento dos principais atores políticos do processo e do comportamento cidadão. Metodologia: O estudo de caso faz uma periodização da transição paraguaia e lista os principais eventos e atores centrais. Para examinar a capacidade institucional foram utilizados os dados oferecidos pelo IDD-Lat entre 2002 e 2016, enquanto o comportamento cidadão foi analisado a partir dos dados do Latinobarómetro entre 1995 e 2016. Conclusões: Observa-se que a baixa capacidade institucional, juntamente com o comportamento cidadão negativo a respeito do regime, mantêm uma situação relativamente estável de cultura política autoritária e instituições frágeis que pode ser caracterizada como democrática, mas com baixa qualidade e sem perspectiva de mudança. Originalidade: Os estudos sobre a democracia paraguaia comumente analisam o desenvolvimento da estrutura institucional, a capacidade institucional ou o comportamento cidadão. A proposta deste estudo é considerar precisamente a união das perspectivas a partir da proposta analítica da precarização institucional, juntamente com a tentativa de periodização das etapas da transição democrática paraguaia, relacionando as etapas com o processo de precarização institucional.

Submitted by Araré De Carvalho Junior (arare_carvalho@hotmail.com) on 2019-05-17T13:30:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE DOUTORADO - ARARÉ OFICIAL 1.docx: 5996266 bytes, checksum: 632e0b65866e2de8152d4844273750b6 (MD5) Rejected by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br), reason: O arquivo precisa ser enviado no formato Portable Document Format (PDF). * Se for possível, inserir a ficha catalográfica após a página de rosto (na versão impressa ela fica no verso dessa página). on 2019-05-17T13:59:17Z (GMT) Submitted by Araré De Carvalho Junior (arare_carvalho@hotmail.com) on 2019-05-17T14:09:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE DOUTORADO - ARARÉ OFICIAL.pdf: 3706786 bytes, checksum: 64a0130d6e4b79c2523e474f586388df (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2019-05-17T14:53:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalhojunior_a_dr_mar.pdf: 3706786 bytes, checksum: 64a0130d6e4b79c2523e474f586388df (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-17T14:53:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalhojunior_a_dr_mar.pdf: 3706786 bytes, checksum: 64a0130d6e4b79c2523e474f586388df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-03-28 Não recebi financiamento A reestruturação que o ensino superior privado vem experimentado nos últimos anos impactou nas instituições criadas pós 1968 e 1996. Os paradigmas da gestão flexível foram introduzidos no mercado educacional “graças” a entrada do capital especulativo, representado pelos grandes conglomerados do setor. As instituições “locais” e as fundações, tiveram que promover uma reengenharia nas instituições para concorrer nesse mercado. Essas mudanças afetaram sobre maneira o trabalho do docente, que viu seus ganhos minorados, e suas condições de trabalhos precarizadas, além é claro de conviverem com o medo constante da demissão, fruto da instabilidade do negócio da educação. O adoecimento, que seria resultado esperado do aviltamento das condições de trabalho, no entanto, não são expressos no número de absenteísmo no setor. Isso em razão da privatização do sofrimento, etos requerido do docente pelo ramo da educação privada. Essa privatização do sofrimento é a forma de permanecer em atividade num setor que valoriza o discurso gerencialista da proatividade e resiliência. A privatização do sofrimento é expressa através do silenciamento dos docentes, que mesmo em face de precarização e rebaixamento do trabalho e das condições de vida, se resignam as condições laborativas apresentadas. The restructuring that private higher education has undergone in recent years has impacted the institutions created after 1968 and 1996. The paradigms of flexible management were introduced into the educational market "thanks" to the entry of speculative capital, represented by the great conglomerates of the sector. The "local" institutions and the foundations had to promote a re-engineering in the institutions to compete in that market. These changes affected in a way the work of the teacher, who saw his gains reduced, and his conditions of precarious work, besides of course of living with the constant fear of dismissal, fruit of the instability of the education business. Illness, which would be expected from the degradation of working conditions, however, are not expressed in the number of absenteeism in the sector. This is due to the privatization of the suffering, required by the teacher in private education. This privatization of suffering is the way to remain active in a sector that values the managerialist discourse of proactivity and resilience. The privatization of suffering is expressed through the silencing of teachers, who, even in the face of precariousness and relegation of work and living conditions, resign themselves to the working conditions presented.

This article addresses the structural processes and contextual factors of the U.S.-México border that framed the decision of some deportees to live on the streets of the border city of Tijuana during the first decades of the 21st century. Based on an ethnographic research and the construction of longitudinal data, the article analyzes how deportation, easy access to drugs, and the increase of violence in the border areas of northern Mexico created a situation of entrapment at the border for those deportees with no social networks in the city. Lacking the possibility of crossing again to the U.S. due to the strengthening of the geopolitical border, the hardening of immigration policies, and violence surrounding drug trafficking, this article argue how some deportees decided to inhabit the streets of Tijuana as an extreme alternative to subsistence. En este artículo se abordan los procesos estructurales y los factores contextuales de la frontera México-Estados Unidos que enmarcaron la decisión de algunos deportados para llegar a habitar las calles de la ciudad fronteriza de Tijuana durante las primeras décadas del siglo XXI. A partir de una investigación etnográfica y de la construcción de datos longitudinales, se observa que la deportación, el fácil acceso al consumo de drogas y la escalada de violencia en los escenarios fronterizos del norte de México, configuraron una situación para que algunas personas deportadas, carentes de redes sociales en la ciudad, se sintieran “atrapadas” en esta frontera. Sin posibilidad de cruzar de nuevo a Estados Unidos debido al reforzamiento del aparato geopolítico fronterizo, al endurecimiento de las políticas migratorias estadunidenses y a la violencia en torno al narcotráfico, en este artículo se argumenta cómo algunos deportados decidieron habitar las calles de Tijuana como alternativa extrema de subsistencia. *** Tornar-se um morador de rua em uma cidade de fronteira no norte do México: Deportação, uso de drogas e violência ***Este artigo aborda os processos estruturais e fatores contextuais da fronteira EUA-México, que emolduraram a decisão de alguns deportados de viver nas ruas de cidade fronteiriça de Tijuana durante as primeiras décadas do século 21. Com base em uma pesquisa etnográfica e na construção de dados longitudinais, o artigo analisa como a deportação, o fácil acesso às drogas e o aumento da violência nas áreas de fronteira do norte do México criaram uma situação de aprisionamento na fronteira para os deportados sem recursos sociais na cidade. Sem a possibilidade de cruzar novamente para os Estados Unidos devido ao fortalecimento do aparato de fronteira geopolítica, ao endurecimento das políticas de imigração dos EUA e à violência em torno do narcotráfico, este artigo argumenta como alguns deportados decidiram habitar as ruas de Tijuana como uma alternativa extrema subsistência.Palavras-chave: Vida na rua; Fronteira; Deportação; Precariedade; Violência. En este artículo se abordan los procesos estructurales y los factores contextuales de la frontera México-Estados Unidos que enmarcaron la decisión de algunos deportados para llegar a habitar las calles de la ciudad fronteriza de Tijuana durante las primeras décadas del siglo XXI. A partir de una investigación etnográfica y de la construcción de datos longitudinales, se observa que la deportación, el fácil acceso al consumo de drogas y la escalada de violencia en los escenarios fronterizos del norte de México, configuraron una situación para que algunas personas deportadas, carentes de redes sociales en la ciudad, se sintieran “atrapadas” en esta frontera. Sin posibilidad de cruzar de nuevo a Estados Unidos debido al reforzamiento del aparato geopolítico fronterizo, al endurecimiento de las políticas migratorias estadunidenses y a la violencia en torno al narcotráfico, en este artículo se argumenta cómo algunos deportados decidieron habitar las calles de Tijuana como alternativa extrema de subsistencia. ***Tornar-se um morador de rua em uma cidade de fronteira no norte do México: deportação, uso de drogas e violência***Este artigo aborda os processos estruturais e fatores contextuais da fronteira EUA-México, que emolduraram a decisão de alguns deportados de viver nas ruas de cidade fronteiriça de Tijuana durante as primeiras décadas do século 21. Com base em uma pesquisa etnográfica e na construção de dados longitudinais, o artigo analisa como a deportação, o fácil acesso às drogas e o aumento da violência nas áreas de fronteira do norte do México criaram uma situação de aprisionamento na fronteira para os deportados sem recursos sociais na cidade. Sem a possibilidade de cruzar novamente para os Estados Unidos devido ao fortalecimento do aparato de fronteira geopolítica, ao endurecimento das políticas de imigração dos EUA e à violência em torno do narcotráfico, este artigo argumenta como alguns deportados decidiram habitar as ruas de Tijuana como uma alternativa extrema subsistência.

Целью статьи является определение основных направлений, объективной и субъективной сторон кризиса повседневности на дальневосточной периферии в 1990-е гг. Научная новизна заключается в контаминации объективных статистических, социологических и экономических данных с локальным эмпирическим материалом, которая позволяет выявить дальневосточную специфику осуществления рыночных реформ. В статье впервые используется новый биографический источник — семейная переписка за 1990-е гг. Анализ научной литературы и полевых материалов показывает, что результатом рыночных реформ стали кризис производства и перераспределение природной и социальной ренты в пользу Центра, приведшие к истощению не только внешней (отдалённой от столицы государства), но и внутренней периферии (глубинки). На дальневосточной периферии кризис повседневности в 1990-е гг. проявился особенно ярко. Причинами его были сокращение производства, безработица и прекаризация труда в отраслях региональной специализации — добывающей промышленности, рыбном, лесном и сельском хозяйстве. Это привело к депопуляции сельских и отдалённых районов, их выморочности и деградации социокультурной сферы, инволюции социального пространства и повседневных практик. Делается вывод о том, что в 1990-е гг. коммерциализация производства и социальной сферы без учёта объективных условий дальневосточного региона вызвала на периферии не просто деиндустриализацию, а редукцию к домодерному образу жизни. Основным средством выживания стало использование природы в самом примитивном виде: рыбная ловля, охота, сбор дикоросов, натуральное хозяйство на приусадебных участках. Это изменение образа жизни сопровождалось разрушением цивилизованной среды обитания — дорог, систем ЖКХ, здравоохранения, образования и культуры. Сокращение населения является как следствием, так и важнейшим фактором кризиса повседневности на Дальнем Востоке. Бегство жителей с периферии, будучи рациональным индивидуальным выбором в условиях инволюции среды и усиления экстрактивности институтов, в общерегиональном масштабе снижает шансы региона на развитие в будущем., The purpose of the article is to determine the main directions, objective and subjective sides of the crisis of everyday life in the Far Eastern periphery in the 1990s. The scientific novelty consists in the contamination of objective statistical, sociological and economic data with local empirical material, which makes it possible to reveal the Far Eastern specifics of the passage of market reforms. The article uses for the first time a new biographical source — family correspondence over the 1990s. Analysis of scientific literature and field materials shows that the market reforms resulted in a crisis of production and redistribution of resources in favor of the Center, which led to the depletion of not only the external (remote from the capital of the state), but also of the inner periphery (remote from the region centers). In the Far Eastern periphery, the crisis of everyday life in the 1990s was particularly pronounced. The reasons for it were the production reduction, unemployment and labor precarization in the sectors of regional specialization — mining, fishing, forestry and agriculture. This led to the depopulation of rural and remote areas, their extinction and degradation of the socio-cultural sphere, the involution of social space and everyday practices. It is concluded that in the 1990s, the commercialization of production and the social sphere without taking into account the objective conditions of the Far East caused not only de-industrialization on the periphery, but a reduction to the pre-industrial lifestyle. The main source of survival became the use of nature in the most primitive forms: fishing, hunting, gathering wild plants, subsistence farming on homesteads. This lifestyle change was accompanied by the destruction of a civilized habitat — roads, housing and utilities, health care, education and culture. Population reduction is both a consequence and the most important factor in the crisis of everyday life in the Far East. Population escape from the periphery, being a rational individual choice in the conditions of the involution of the environment and the strengthening of the extractiveness of institutions, reduces the chances of the Far East for development in the future.

In der Prekarisierungsforschung spielt Anerkennung bisher keine systematische Rolle, obwohl Prekarität – eng auf Beschäftigung oder erweitert auf den Lebenszusammenhang bezogen – immer auch Anerkennungsverhältnisse herausfordert. Wir haben daher empirisch fundiert eine um Anerkennung (HONNETH, BUTLER) erweiterte Perspektive auf Prekarität im Lebenszusammenhang entwickelt. Empirische Grundlage sind teilleitfadengestützte, teilnarrative Einzel- und Paarinterviews mit 24 prekär Beschäftigten, die wir angelehnt an die hermeneutische Wissenssoziologie fallrekonstruktiv und fallvergleichend ausgewertet haben. Die Stärken und Erkenntnismöglichkeiten unserer achtdimensionalen Heuristik illustrieren wir ausschnitthaft am Beispiel einer prekär Beschäftigten und zweier prekär beschäftigter Paare. Sichtbar werden mit unserer um Anerkennung erweiterten Perspektive nicht nur die subjektorientiert-wissenssoziologisch zentralen Deutungen der prekär beschäftigten Individuen-in-Beziehungen sowie die für die Lebenszusammenhangsforschung wesentlichen Kumulationen verschiedener Belastungen. Nachvollziehbar werden auch die Konstitutionszusammenhänge und Relationierungen verschiedener Dimensionen von Prekarität. Unsere Forschungsheuristik kann daher auch weitere Forschungen inspirieren, die sich für die Mehrdimensionalität und Komplexität unsicherer Lebenslagen interessieren., Recognition has not previously played a systematic role in precarity research, even though precarity—closely related to employment or expanded to the life context— also challenges the recognition of relationships. Consequently, we have developed an empirically based perspective of precarity of life arrangements that is expanded by recognition (HONNETH, BUTLER). The empirical foundation is provided by partially guideline-based and partially narrative-based individual and couple interviews with 24 precarious workers (who are employed insecure, flexible or e.g., part time and/or have low income) which we have evaluated in a case-reconstructive and case-comparative manner, based on the hermeneutic sociology of knowledge. We illustrate the strengths of our eight-dimensional heuristics in excerpts by using the example of one precarious worker and two precariously employed couples. With our perspective expanded by recognition the subject-oriented and knowledge-sociological interpretations of precariously employed "individuals in relationships," as well as the accumulations of various strains essential for life-arrangement research, become visible. In addition, this allows to understand the constitutional contexts, relations and interconnections of different precarity dimensions . Our research heuristics can therefore also inspire further research that is focused on the multidimensionality and complexity of insecure living conditions.

Турсукова Инна Ивановна, кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры «Экономика и право», Южно-Уральский государственный университет, филиал в г. Златоусте, dream_27@rambler.ru I.I.Tursukova South Ural State University, Branch in Zlatoust, Zlatoust, Russian Federation Актуальность статьи связана с тем, что использование руководством предприятий управленческих практик, нацеленных на достижение высоких финансовых результатов, зачастую сопряжено с негативным воздействием на работающих. Одной из форм его проявления стала приобретающая огромные масштабы прекаризация занятости, с которой напрямую связано явление заемного труда. Несмотря на ряд введенных в РФ ограничений на использование заемного труда, данный вид занятости по-прежнему остается распространенным, а многие проблемы заемных работников - нерешенными. Требуют своего изучения вопросы полноценности трудовых и социальных гарантий заемных специалистов, разработки методики оценки эффективности данной формы занятости. В статье авторы описывают разработанную ими методику оценки эффективности вхождения в систему заемного труда соискателем рабочего места. Эту оценку предлагается проводить через расчет социальной и экономической эффективности заемного труда. Методика включает систему показателей, систематизированных авторами по четырем направлениям: оплата труда, затраты, интенсивность и условия труда. Подобная систематизация, выделяя основные аспекты труда привлекаемых специалистов, позволяет легко оперировать результатами анализа и выявлять ключевые проблемы неустойчивых форм занятости как в рамках конкретного предприятия, так и в более широком масштабе. Практическая значимость предлагаемой в статье методики состоит в том, что ее использование позволит принять обоснованное решение соискателю рабочего места, делая выбор между открывающимися перед ним возможностями заемного труда и потенциальными рисками, сопутствующими заключению нестандартного трудового договора с работодателем. The relevance of this article is related to the fact that the managerial practices aimed at achieving high financial results, which are used by the enterprises’ leaderships, often have negative effect on the employers. One of the forms of manifestation of this is the precarization of employment, which the phenomenon of outstaffing is directly related to, and is now gaining a huge scale. Despite a number of restrictions introduced in the Russian Federation with regard to outstaffing, this type of employment still remains a wide-spread one, and many problems of the outsourced workers remain unsolved. The issues on the adequacy of labor and social guarantees for outsourced specialists need to be studied, as well as those on developing a methodology of evaluating the efficiency of this form of employment The authors describe the methodology developed by them to assess the efficiency of entering a system of outstaffing by a job applicant. It is suggested to perform this assessment through calculating the social and economic efficiency of outstaffing. This methodology involves a system of indicators, which are divided into 4 groups by the authors: payment for labor, costs, intensity of labor and working conditions. Such systematization, by indicating the main aspects of labor of the outsourced specialists, allows to easily operate the results of the analysis and reveal the key problems of unstable forms of employment both at a certain enterprise and at a bigger scale. The practical relevance of the article-suggested methodology is that the use of it will allow job applicants to make substantiated decisions when choosing between the possibilities of outstaffing and its potential risks, which accompany the signing of a non-standard labor contract with an employer.

La precariedad es uno de los grandes problemas sociales que afectan a nuestro país y al conjunto de los países desarrollados. Los estudios sobre la precarización se han extendido en los últimos tiempos. La finalidad de esta investigación es estudiar la construcción social de la precariedad en España, con especial atención al último periodo, entre 2007 y 2017. Se trata de analizar los factores individuales que afectan a la precarización individual para entender los mecanismos de precarización. En este punto prestamos una especial atención al sector agrícola, por ser uno de los sectores más precarizados, y a la relación entre la precariedad y la fuerza sindical, dado que la crisis de los sindicatos se identifica como una causa y una consecuencia de este proceso laboral. Para cumplir estos objetivos, realizamos una explotación de las fuentes de datos existentes, como la Encuesta de Población Activa entre 2007 y 2017, las estadísticas el Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal y otras fuentes del Ministerio de Trabajo, Migraciones y Seguridad Social sobre condiciones de trabajo y relaciones laborales. Obtenemos cinco conclusiones principales: Primero, la evolución del mercado de trabajo en España entre 1977 y 2017 se corresponde en parte con lo que hemos definido como precarización: se ha producido un aumento de la temporalidad y el paro, pero también un aumento de la actividad, el empleo y una extensión de la salarización. Segundo, la crisis extiende la rotación laboral, reduce y polariza los salarios y aumenta el trabajo a tiempo parcial, aunque tiene el efecto de reducirla temporalidad. La crisis actúa en dos etapas diferentes, entre 2008 y 2011 y 2012 y 2013, con efectos distintos en los grupos sociales. Tercero, la crisis consolida un modelo de segmentación laboral, basado en características adscriptivas, pero con un peso creciente de la formación y la experiencia laboral. Se refuerza el mercado de trabajo primario y las pautas biográficas de la estabilización laboral. Esto apunta a la existencia de mecanismos que reproducen la precariedad, al aumentar el control sobre la fuerza de trabajo, en la medida en que se mantenga un sector protegido y se consoliden y legitimen trayectorias de acceso a este sector. Cuarto, la precariedad en la agricultura toma características distintivas, en la medida en que actúa como un mercado de trabajo complementario, con comportamientos contracíclicos, y que la extensión de la temporalidad está unida a la descampesinización. Quinto, la evolución de los sindicatos en España es divergente a la del resto de Europa, al producirse un proceso de crecimiento hasta 2013. La temporalidad disminuye las posibilidades de afiliación sindical, aunque esto puede ser compensado en parte por el peso de otras variables, como el territorio y el compromiso político. Precarious work is one of the more relevant social problems that affect Spain and other economically advanced countries. Research on precarious work has been common in recent years. In that context, the goal of this research is to study the social construction of precarious work in Spain, with special attention to the most recent period, the 2007- 2017 one. Thus, this thesis analyzes the individual factors that affect individual precarization to understand the mechanisms of precarization of jobs. We pay special attention to the agricultural sector, as one of the more precarious sectors in the labor market, and to the relationship between precariousness and union strength, given that the union crisis is identified as a cause, but also as a consequence, of this labor process. To achieve these goals, we use existing data sources, such as the Active Population Survey between 2007 and 2017, data from the Public Employment Service, and other data on working conditions and labor relations from the Ministry of Labor, Migration and Social Security sources. We reach five main conclusions. First, the evolution of the labor market in Spain between 1977 and 2017 corresponds in part to what we have defined as precariousness; there has been an increase in temporality and unemployment, but also an increase in activity, employment and an extension of salarization. Second, the crisis makes labor turnover to increase, reduces and polarizes wages, and increases part-time work, although it has also the effect of reducing temporary employment. The crisis occurs in two different stages, between 2008 and 2011, and 2012 and 2013, with different effects on social groups. Third, the crisis consolidates a model of labor segmentation, based on ascriptive characteristics, but with an increasing weight of training and work experience. The primary labor market and the biographical patterns of labor stabilization are reinforced too. This points towards the existence of mechanisms that reproduce precariousness, by increasing control over the labor force, insofar as a protected sector is maintained and access trajectories to this sector are consolidated and legitimized. Fourth, precariousness in agriculture has distinctive features; agriculture has the role of a complementary labor market, with countercyclical behaviors; and the extension of temporality is linked to de-peasantization. Fifth, the evolution of trade unions in Spain is divergent from that of the rest of Europe, as a process of growth took place until 2013. Temporary employment reduces the likelihood of union membership, although this might be partially compensated by the relevance of other variables, as territory and political commitment.

Nous abordons ici la question de la précarisation du marché du travail dans différents secteurs d’activité et de son impact sur les stratégies syndicales. Nous montrons l’impact des pratiques autoritaires et des politiques néolibérales du gouvernement AKP, au pouvoir depuis 2002.Les réformes ont visé à augmenter la compétitivité de certains secteurs par une plus grande ouverture au commerce international. Notre enquête montre que cette ouverture a précarisé le marché du travail dans la majorité des secteurs et entraîné la fragilisation de l’action syndicale, la marginalisation de l’affiliation syndicale et la criminalisation des mobilisations ouvrières.Nous nous concentrons sur les trois confédérations syndicales ouvrières principales nées de différents courants politiques, la DİSK, la Hak‑İş et la Türk‑İş, en nous fondant sur une enquête menée depuis 2011 auprès des syndicats et d’une centaine d’entretiens avec des dirigeants et permanents syndicaux à Istanbul, Ankara et Sakarya. In this work, we have addressed the issue of precarity in the labour market in different sectors and its impact on the transformation of trade union strategies. We have highlighted the impact of authoritarian practices and neoliberal policies of the AKP government, in power since 2002.The reforms aimed to increase the competitiveness of certain industries by opening up to international trade. We can conclude in the light of our research that the international economic trade caused the precarization of the labour market in most sectors and has generated the weakening of trade union action, the marginalization of union membership and the criminalization of labour mobilizations.We will focus on three labour union confederations, DİSK, Hak‑İş, Türk‑İş, coming from different political families. Our results are based on a doctoral research conducted since 2011, through ethnographic observations in the unions along with a hundred interviews with union leaders and experts in Istanbul, Ankara, and Sakarya. Bu çalışmada birçok işkolunda emek piyasasının güvencesizleşmesini ve bu güvencesizleşmenin sendikal stratejiler üzerindeki etkilerini tartışmayı amaçladık. 2002’den beri hükümette olan AKP dönemindeki otoriter pratiklerin ve neoliberal politikaların etkisi üzerinde durduk.Uluslararası rekabete daha açık olan bazı işkollarında rekabet kapasitesini arttırma amaçlı reformların sonucu olmuştur. Araştırmamızın sonuçları göstermektedir ki uluslararası ticaret ve serbest piyasa ekonomisi işkollarının büyük çoğunluğunda güvencesizleşmeye sebep olmuştur. Güvencesizleşme ise sendikaların çoğunun zayıflamasına, bu sendikalara üyeliğin marjinalize edilmesine ve işçi sendikalarının birçoğunun eylemlerinin suç unsuru haline gelmesine yol açmıştır.Çalışma boyunca Türkiye’deki üç farklı siyasi çizgiden gelen üç ana işçi sendikası konfederasyonu (DİSK, Hak‑İş, Türk‑İş) üzerinde duracağız. Çalışmanın sonuçları sendika yöneticileri ve uzmanlarıyla gerçekleştirilmiş yüz adet yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşmelerden ve sendikalarda yaptığımız gözlemlerden oluşan ve 2011 yılından beri İstanbul, Ankara ve Sakarya’da yürüttüğümüz doktora araştırmamıza dayanmaktadır.

En este artículo se presentan los datos de una encuesta realizada en distintos organismos de la Administración Pública Nacional buscando evidenciar la situación laboral fáctica en la que se encuentra el personal “contratado por tiempo determinado” y de “planta transitoria" El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si la situación de precarización laboral de estos empleados, en relación con los de planta que gozan de estabilidad, influye y/o favorece para que se desarrollen conductas discriminatorias en el sector público nacional. Para dar cuenta de este objetivo, se analizan los resultados de la encuesta realizada por mi parte, en forma personal y al azar, a varios trabajadores que se encontraban empleados mediante estas formas de contratación del Estado. Si bien dicha encuesta no abarca la totalidad del universo de los contratados, esta arroja resultados que denotan situaciones de discriminación, como se podrá constatar. También se recurrió a la doctrina y jurisprudencia existentes sobre el tema para darle marco y contenido al presente trabajo. Por último, se arribará a una conclusión final de la temática propuesta., This article presents the data of a survey carried out in different organisms of the National Public Administration looking for evidencing the factual labor situation in which the personnel "hired for a certain time" and of "transitory plant" are found. The objective of this work is to determine if the situation ofjob insecurity of these employees, in relation to those in plant that enjoy stability, influences and / or favors to develop discriminatory behavior in the National Public Sector. To give an account of this objective, the results of the survey conducted by me on a personal and random basis to several workers who were employed through these forms of contracting the State are analyzed. Although this survey does not cover the entire universe of those hired, it gives results that indicate situations of discrimination, as can be seen. Also, recourse was made to the existing doctrine and jurisprudence on the subject to give context and content to the present work. Finally, we will arrive at a final conclusion of the proposed theme., Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales

The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the effects of outsourcing and its impacts on labor relations in Brazil. Our research started from the hypothesis that outsourcing has acted as a mechanism of labor precarization and that its regulation, as incorporated by law 13.429/2017, sanctioned as the law of outsourcing, contributes to the expansion of labor precarization in Brazil, working as a stimulus to the expansion of flexibilization of labor and labor rights. Our research had a theoretical character and we opted for an exploratory study about the work in the contemporaneity in the face of changes based on outsourcing and its impacts on labor relations. We also use secondary data provided by IBGE and DIEESE. The analysis was submitted to the use of the dialectical historical method because it provides us with the bases of a dynamic interpretation which contemplates the historical dimension of our object of study. We conclude that, through the numerous changes in labor legislation, the adequacy of workers is spread to an increasingly flexible labor market, which may result in intensified labor precariousness and increasing deregulation of labor rights. The law legally establishes the precariousness of labor relations, further aggravating the rates of turnover and cooperating to discourage the formalization of work. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Esta dissertação tem por objetivo central analisar os efeitos da terceirização e seus impactos nas relações de trabalho no Brasil. Este estudo partiu da hipótese de que a terceirização tem funcionado como um mecanismo de precarização do trabalho e que sua regulação – tal qual incorporada pela Lei nº 13.429/2017, sancionada como a Lei da Terceirização – contribui para o alargamento da precarização do trabalho no Brasil, funcionando como estímulo à ampliação da flexibilização do trabalho e dos direitos trabalhistas. A presente pesquisa teve caráter teórico e optamos por um estudo exploratório sobre o trabalho na contemporaneidade, face às mudanças pautadas pela terceirização e seus impactos nas relações trabalhistas. Utilizamos ainda dados secundários fornecidos pelo IBGE e Dieese. A análise foi submetida ao método histórico dialético, por esse fornecer as bases de uma interpretação dinâmica a qual contempla a dimensão histórica do nosso objeto de estudo. Concluímos que, mediante as inúmeras modificações na legislação trabalhista, dissemina-se a adequação dos trabalhadores a um mercado de trabalho cada vez mais flexível, podendo resultar na intensificação da precarização do trabalho e desregulamentação crescente dos direitos trabalhistas. A lei passa a formalizar juridicamente a precarização das relações de trabalho, agravando ainda mais as taxas de rotatividade e cooperando para o desincentivo à formalização do trabalho.

O presente artigo, fundamentado em análises que escrutinam o preocupante fenômeno da precariedade no contexto atual, tem como objetivo discutir a precarização de amplas camadas da população em diferentes contextos, delimitando, para fins práticos, as áreas de capacitação que a educação pode acolher em suas ações junto de jovens e adultos. Objetiva-se ajudar essas pessoas a reagir contra medos, inseguranças e incertezas que essa precarização provoca nas suas vidas, equacionando a articulação entre precariedade e educação. Ainda, busca-se compreender as perspetivas que hoje se colocam à capacitação, entendendo suas facetas cognitivas, psicológicas e políticas, para torná-la relevante, em termos pedagógicos, para a população dos precários., This article, based on analyses that examine the worrisome phenomenon of extreme poverty in the current context, aims to discuss the precariousness of broad strata of the population in different contexts and to delimit, for practical purposes, the areas of qualification that education can encompass in actions aimed at the youth and adults. The objective is to help these groups of people to react against fears, insecurities, and uncertainties brought to their lives by such extreme conditions, pondering the articulation between precariousness and education. We also seek to understand the current perspectives of qualification, as well as the cognitive, psychological, and political aspects involved in order to make it pedagogically relevant to the poor population, Cet article, basé sur des analyses qui examinent le phénomène inquiétant de la précarité dans l’actualité, vise à discuter la précarité de larges couches de la population à différents cadres et à délimiter, à des fins pratiques, les domaines de formation que l’éducation peut accueillir dans ses actions auprès des jeunes et des adultes pour les aider à répondre aux craintes, insécurités et incertitudes que la dite précarité provoque dans leurs vies, en approchant, dans sa structure, l’articulation de la précarité et l’éducation. Cependant, on cherche à comprender les perspectives du sujet de la formation, ainsi que ses facettes cognitives, psychologiques et politiques pour la rendre pédagogiquement pertinente pour la population en situation la plus précaire., CIED-Centro de Investigação em Educação, info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

El objetivo del artículo es analizar en forma exploratoria la acción sindical de los trabajadores del Estado durante los gobiernos del Chile postdictatorial. Consideramos relevante investigar a partir de estudios de casos, la acción desarrollada por colectivos de trabajadores públicos, fuertemente afectados por los fenómenos de la tercerización, precarización y subcontratación, puesto que evidenciarían por una parte la falta de representatividad de las organizaciones sindicales tradicionales del sector público y por la otra, un proceso de relevo generacional que daría origen a nuevos liderazgos y formas de participación político sindical en base al principio de la autonomía y la democracia en las bases. The objective of the article is to explore in an exploratory way the union action of state workers during the post-dictatorial Chile government. We consider relevant to investigate from case studies, the action developed by groups of public workers, strongly affected by the phenomena of outsourcing, precarization and subcontracting, since they would show on the one hand the lack of representativeness of traditional unions of the public sector and on the other, a process of generational change that would give rise to new leaderships and forms of union political participation based on the principle of autonomy and democracy at the grassroots level. Fil: Araya Gómez, Rodrigo. Universidad de Chile. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano; Chile

Abordamos distintos modos en que el teatro de comienzos de la década del 2000 asumió y expresó las condiciones de debilitamiento y precarización social que dejó como consecuencia la crisis de 2001 en Argentina. La metaforización poética de los desechos, la recuperación y resignificación de los restos del pasado (objetos, imágenes, testimonios, discursos) proponen una reflexión acerca de determinadas problemáticas sociales y políticas en vistas a reconstruir nuestra memoria histórica y nuestra identidad. Lejos del nihilismo del "fin de lo social" (Baudrillard), del vaciamiento de cierta retórica desideologizada del posmodernismo, el teatro buscó asumir su potencia disidente, reforzando su sentido social y político. Abordem diferents maneres en què el teatre de començaments de la dècada del 2000 va assumir i va expressar les condicions de debilitament i precarització social que va deixar com a conseqüència la crisi de 2001 a Argentina. La metaforització poètica de les deixalles, la recuperació i resignificació de les restes del passat (objectes, imatges, testimonis, discursos) proposen una reflexió sobre determinades problemàtiques socials i polítiques amb vista a reconstruir la nostra memòria històrica i la nostra identitat. Lluny del nihilisme de la "fi del social" (Baudrillard), del buidament de certa retòrica desideologitzada del postmodernisme, el teatre va buscar assumir la seva potència dissident, reforçant el seu sentit social i polític. We are dealing various ways in which the theater at the beginning of the 2000s took over and expressed the weakening conditions and social precariousness which left as a result of the 2001 crisis in Argentina. The poetic metaphorization of waste, recovery and resignification of the remains of the past (objects, images, testimonies, speeches) propose a reflection on certain social and political issues in order to rebuild our historical memory and our identity. Away from the nihilism of the "end of socially" (Baudrillard), emptying of some de-ideologized rhetoric of postmodernism, the theater sought to assume its dissident power, strengthening their social and political sense.

Submitted by ALESSANDRA COSTA null (kekacosta@gmail.com) on 2018-03-21T16:32:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Completa 2018.pdf: 1003004 bytes, checksum: 911a5b233137d23e574060ca5e0c0ba2 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2018-03-21T17:24:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_a_me_mar.pdf: 1003004 bytes, checksum: 911a5b233137d23e574060ca5e0c0ba2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-21T17:24:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_a_me_mar.pdf: 1003004 bytes, checksum: 911a5b233137d23e574060ca5e0c0ba2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) A implementação das políticas neoliberais no país, em especial a partir da década de 1990, levou à reforma do Estado nacional e intensificou a precarização do trabalho de um modo geral. A precarização do trabalho atingiu também o segmento do professorado. Desse modo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar as condições de precarização do trabalho docente na educação infantil do município de Marília. Para atingir o objetivo procedemos ao exame das políticas neoliberais incorporadas às políticas públicas educacionais e, em especial, as referentes ao município. Os procedimentos utilizados neste estudo foram a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa documental. Nessa perspectiva, analisamos a legislação nacional, a legislação do município, especialmente o Estatuto Municipal do Magistério e suas respectivas modificações, semanários de professoras da educação infantil da rede municipal e Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos de algumas escolas de educação infantil do município. Os dados obtidos revelaram que a precarização do trabalho dos docentes na educação infantil se materializa na dupla jornada de trabalho (Jornada Especial); na flexibilização de contratos de trabalho; no controle do trabalho e na desvalorização intelectual do professor; na ausência do plano de carreia do magistério; e na deficiente política salarial da categoria. The implementation of neoliberal policies in the country, especially since the 1990s, has led to the reform of the national state and intensified the precariousness of labor in general. The precariousness of the work also affected the teaching segment. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyze the precarious conditions of the teaching work in children's education in the municipality of Marília. In order to reach the objective we proceeded to the examination of the neoliberal policies incorporated to the educational public policies, and especially those referring to the municipality. The procedures used in this study were bibliographic research and documentary research. From this perspective, we analyze the national legislation, the municipal legislation, especially the Municipal Statute of the Magisterium and its respective modifications, weeklies of teachers of the children's education of the municipal network and Educational Political Projects of some schools of pre-school education in the municipality. The data obtained revealed that the precariousness of the work of teachers in early childhood education is materialized in the double working day (Special Day); in the flexibilization of labor contracts; in the control of work and in the intellectual devaluation of the teacher; in the absence of the master's degree plan; and the poor salary policy of the category. 154408/2016-6

El presente texto constituye una reflexión sobre el fenómeno de precarización en la sociedad portuguesa y la situación actual de la población de una localidad de los alrededores de Lisboa que, desde los años 80, atraviesa un proceso de desindustrialización –tema de una investigación sobre los efectos de estos fenómenos en la organización y en las estrategias familiares y redes sociales. This text is a reflection on the phenomenon of precarization in Portuguese society and the current situation of the population of a locality around Lisbon that, since the 80s, is going through a process of deindustrialization - a topic of research on the effects of these phenomena in the organization and in family strategies and social networks. Fil: Fonseca, Inês; Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. Portugal

In this article, I propose an approach for the analysis of the so-called processes of flexibilization, precarization or, recently, uberization of work, considering the processes of acceleration and expansion of the circulation of the labour-power that are transversally resulting and, therefore, a proletarian condition of greater approximation and/or indistinction between active and reserve armies. For that, I revisit the Marxian theory of value with regard to the circulation of the labour-power and the trends that can be measured by the increase in the circulation time of this merchandise. In addition, I propose a research agenda for the study of processes and social relations of circulation to which the working class is subjected in a regime of capital´s flexible accumulation. En este artículo, propongo un abordaje para el análisis de los procesos comúnmente designados como flexibilización, precarización o, más recientemente, uberización del trabajo, considerando los procesos de aceleración y amplificación de la circulación mercantil de la fuerza de trabajo derivados transversalmente de los primeros y, por lo tanto, de una condición proletaria de mayor aproximación y/o indistinción entre los ejércitos activo y de reserva. Para tanto, revisito la teoría marxiana del valor en lo que se refiere a la circulación de la fuerza de trabajo y a las tendencias que pueden ser constatadas por el aumento del tiempo de circulación de esa mercancía. A partir de eso, propongo una agenda de investigaciones para el estudio de las relaciones sociales de circulación a las que estaría sujeta la clase trabajadora en un régimen de acumulación flexible del capital.

Abordem diferents maneres en què el teatre de començaments de la dècada del 2000 va assumir i va expressar les condicions de debilitament i precarització social que va deixar com a conseqüència la crisi de 2001 a Argentina. La metaforització poètica de les deixalles, la recuperació i resignificació de les restes del passat (objectes, imatges, testimonis, discursos) proposen una reflexió sobre determinades problemàtiques socials i polítiques amb vista a reconstruir la nostra memòria històrica i la nostra identitat. Lluny del nihilisme de la “fi del social” (Baudrillard), del buidament de certa retòrica desideologitzada del postmodernisme, el teatre va buscar assumir la seva potència dissident, reforçant el seu sentit social i polític., We are dealing various ways in which the theater at the beginning of the 2000s took over and expressed the weakening conditions and social precariousness which left as a result of the 2001 crisis in Argentina. The poetic metaphorization of waste, recovery and resignification of the remains of the past (objects, images, testimonies, speeches) propose a reflection on certain social and political issues in order to rebuild our historical memory and our identity. Away from the nihilism of the "end of socially" (Baudrillard), emptying of some de-ideologized rhetoric of postmodernism, the theater sought to assume its dissident power, strengthening their social and political sense., Abordamos distintos modos en que el teatro de comienzos de la década del 2000 asumió y expresó las condiciones de debilitamiento y precarización social que dejó como consecuencia la crisis de 2001 en Argentina. La metaforización poética de los desechos, la recuperación y resignificación de los restos del pasado (objetos, imágenes, testimonios, discursos) proponen una reflexión acerca de determinadas problemáticas sociales y políticas en vistas a reconstruir nuestra memoria histórica y nuestra identidad. Lejos del nihilismo del “fin de lo social” (Baudrillard), del vaciamiento de cierta retórica desideologizada del posmodernismo, el teatro buscó asumir su potencia disidente, reforzando su sentido social y político.

UID/ANT/04038/2013 El presente texto constituye una reflexión sobre el fenómeno de precarización en la sociedad portuguesa y la situación actual de la población de una localidad de los alrededores de Lisboa que, desde los años 80, atraviesa un proceso de desindustrialización –tema de una investigación sobre los efectos de estos fenómenos en la organización y en las estrategias familiares y redes sociales. This text is a reflection on the phenomenon of precarization in Portuguese society and the current situation of the population of a locality around Lisbon that, since the 80s, is going through a process of deindustrialization - a topic of research on the effects of these phenomena in the organization and in family strategies and social networks. publishersversion published

Submitted by Jamile Barbosa da Cruz (jamile.cruz@ucsal.br) on 2017-10-30T12:27:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOBRUNOCOELHO.pdf: 1919002 bytes, checksum: 52c2b0033ecc8367bcc4bb592a1c1bac (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Rosemary Magalhães (rosemary.magalhaes@ucsal.br) on 2017-10-31T14:46:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOBRUNOCOELHO.pdf: 1919002 bytes, checksum: 52c2b0033ecc8367bcc4bb592a1c1bac (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-31T14:46:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOBRUNOCOELHO.pdf: 1919002 bytes, checksum: 52c2b0033ecc8367bcc4bb592a1c1bac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-22 O presente trabalho está pautado no estudo sobre a realidade dos atendentes do call center e busca demonstrar como as condutas destinadas à maximização dos resultados nas empresas acabam por representar situações de assédio moral organizacional. A consequência disso é a precarização social do trabalho. Nesse ambiente empresarial, as relações se estabelecem sob um tipo de gestão que combina a vigilância do trabalho com modernas tecnologias, visando aumentar a produtividade. Assim, são comuns: extrema cobrança por resultados, intensa pressão psicológica e constante ameaça de dispensa. Mediante análise de processos judiciais trabalhistas, buscou-se identificar o assédio moral organizacional como uma conduta coletiva, e, portanto, objetivou-se, ainda, verificar quais seriam os meios judiciais de tutela adequada dos direitos correspondentes. This work is based on the study about the reality of call center attendants. It seeks to show how the practices aimed at maximizing results in the companies end up by representing situations of organizational harassment. The consequence is the social precarization of labor. In this corporative environment, the relationships are established under a kind of management that combines work surveillance with modern technologies, seeking to increase productivity. Thus, some practices are common: extreme demanding for results, intense psychological pressure and constant threat of dismissal from work. Through the analysis of labor lawsuits, this research aimed to identify the organizational harassment as a collective practice. As a consequence, it aimed to discover which would be the judicial means of protection that suited the corresponding rights.

Submitted by Tássia Nascimento (tassiasampaio@gmail.com) on 2017-07-03T20:10:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação TASSIA 23.5.17.pdf: 2818145 bytes, checksum: 127e7694d4f0fc31b7e89f7d72de532f (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-31T13:42:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação TASSIA 23.5.17.pdf: 2818145 bytes, checksum: 127e7694d4f0fc31b7e89f7d72de532f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-31T13:42:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação TASSIA 23.5.17.pdf: 2818145 bytes, checksum: 127e7694d4f0fc31b7e89f7d72de532f (MD5) FAPESB A pesquisa analisa o fenômeno da precarização social do trabalho do motorista de ônibus rodoviário urbano e as implicações para a saúde desses trabalhadores, na cidade de Salvador. Inicia com o debate sobre a precarização social do trabalho, o conceito de mobilidade urbana, a gestão do transporte público, convergindo para a configuração da organização do trabalho do motorista de ônibus. Os resultados indicam a existência de uma superposição de fatores que pressionam o cotidiano do trabalho implicando danos à saúde e risco à vida. Esses fatores vão desde a vibração e a temperatura do e no equipamento, a relação com o usuário, até assaltos, incêndios e agressões diversas. O estudo constata a relação entre o trabalho organizado de forma precária e o adoecimento do trabalhador, que vai desde o âmbito físico com doenças do sistema muscoesquelético até os transtornos mentais, colocando a categoria entre as que mais adoecem e morrem em decorrência do trabalho. The research analyzes the phenomenon of the social precarization of the urban bus driver's work and the implications on the health of these workers in the city of Salvador. It begins the discussion with the concept of urban mobility and management of public transport, converging to the configuration of the work organization of the bus driver. The results indicate the existence of a superposition of factors that press the workers daily, implying damages to their health and even risk to life. These factors range from the levels of vibration and temperature of and in the equipment, to their relationship with the users, assaults, fires and other numerous aggressions. The study notes the relationship between precariously organized work and the worker's illness. The relation ranges from the physical environment causing diseases of the musculoskeletal system to mental disorders, placing the category among the most ill and with highest mortality as result of work.

The terms flexibilization and work intensification have been addressed, many times, as equivalents to precarization. We see these concepts as distinct and consider that the intensification and flexibilization may be configured as consequences of a generalized process of vulnerability of the work conditions, typical of the last decades. Based on these assumptions, the aim of the present paper is to present flexibilization and intensification, marks of the current labor scenery, as manifestations of the work precarization process. In order to achieve this purpose, we will consider historical reflections on emergence of the phenomena in question, especially from the productive restructuring processes of the 70 ́s. We will start from a brief historical review that allow us understand the current moment and then we will bring antagonistic conceptions of the term flexibilization. Finally, we will present this process as an opportunity to work intensification and the consequent damages to the worker. Os termos flexibilização e intensificação laboral tem sido abordados, muitas vezes, como equivalentes à precarização. Percebemos esses conceitos como distintos e consideramos que a intensificação e a flexibilização se configuram como consequências de um processo generalizado de vulnerabilização das condições de trabalho, característico das últimas décadas. Partindo de tais pressupostos, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a flexibilização e a intensificação, marcas do atual cenário laboral, como manifestações do processo de precarização do trabalho. Para atingir esse propósito, teceremos considerações e reflexões históricas sobre o surgimento dos fenômenos em questão, sobretudo, a partir dos processos de reestruturação produtiva da década de 1970. Partiremos de um breve resgate histórico, que possibilite compreender o momento atual, e posteriormente traremos concepções antagônicas do termo flexibilização. Por fim, apresentaremos tal processo como uma oportunidade para intensificação do trabalho e os consequentes danos que acarreta ao trabalhador.

Since the collapse of the Soviet system, many significant changes have occurred, not only in the former socialist countries, but also in western societies. One remarkable change is the mass of post-Soviet emigration from the former Soviet Union. In this article, we analyse the everyday welfare experienced by the Russian immigrant women living in the border area of Eastern Finland. We study the interrelation of family relations, the experienced welfare, transnational care, and work in the lives of Russian migrant women in North Karelia. According to the analysis, we argue that the welfare of Russian immigrant women is mainly produced by their family networks and precarious work., published version, peerReviewed

The paper analyzes the influence of precarization processes on the professional positions of servicemen in southern Russian cities. An assessment of the financial situation, the dynamics of workload and administrative burdens, social guarantee and risks in the sphere of professional military service are examined on the basis of a sociological survey and in-depth interviews of servicemen from Rostov-on-Don and Novocherkassk (standardized interviewing of 436 military personnel and 16 in-depth interviews). The authors conclude, that precarization processes partially influence the sphere of military service. In times of Russian economic crisis servicemen's financial situation has worsened. Most of military in two southern Russian cities report an increase in workload and administrative burdens in recent years. From one-third to three-fourths of respondents are very concerned with the risks of job loss, increase in official duties without rising wages, and the size of monetary allowances. At the same time, the interviewed servicemen are mainly oriented towards social guarantees and benefits that the state provides them. An irregular working day, non-staff activities, restriction of communication and mobility rights, dangerous working conditions, etc. are considered by military personnel as a trait of their professional activities. Therefore, many servicemen are more likely to appeal to a higher-ranked army command, but not to protect their social and labor rights comprehensively.

The article reveals the issues of the global character of precarization and substantiates the criteria of precarious employment taking into account its special aspects in Russian Federation. The existing variability of approaches to the definition of precarious employment and the necessity to elaborate its optimal criteria in view of features of national labour have conditioned the relevance of the research. The paper involves international and Russian research on precarity and significantly uses the results of expert survey conducted by the authors in autumn 2016. The experts have considered groups of criteria based on: Labour contract term, nature of labour relations, precarious terms of work. The experts also were asked to evaluate different forms of employment in which precarity may exert. As a result of the conducted research, we have elaborated the generalized criteria, which identify various forms of instability in labour market. The authors put forward a hypothesis that the criteria of the International Labour Organization (ILO) need to be adapted to the Russian realities when determining unstable employment, and the phenomenon of precarious employment has to be defined from the point of view of the probabilistic nature of its various manifestations. Based on the results of the research, the authors have qualified the relevance of International Labour Organization's (ILO) criteria in the Russian context. We also have substantiated the probable character of precarious employment and defined probability of precarity exertion in the flexible forms of employment. The set of precarious employment criteria is specified in accordance with Russian context: we have clarified and complemented them, and defined the probability of precarity exertion in different forms of employment. The main result of the research is the structure of criterial standards, which identifies precarious employment. The conceptual issues and findings of the paper can be used as a theoretical and methodological basis to identify the scale of precarious employment in Russia as well as to evaluate precarity exertion in individual workplace. Раскрыты вопросы глобальности прекаризации и обоснованы критерии неустойчивости занятости с учетом особенностей их проявления в Российской Федерации. Определена значимость в российских условиях критериев неустойчивой занятости Международной организации труда. Представлена структура критериальных стандартов. The article has been supported by the Russian Science Foundation within the scientific project Precarious employment in the Russian Federation: state and directions of decrease, No. 16-18-10140. The authors of the article thank the respected experts - res

Property guardianship, a form of short-term building security through temporary dwelling, has emerged in several European countries over the past 20 years. Despite being characterized by tenure insecurity and frequently substandard conditions, ‘living as a guardian’ has become a composite and polyvalent mode of inhabiting cities, rooted in the production and dissemination of distinctive spatial imaginaries of ‘nomadic’ urban dwelling. In the United Kingdom, where guardianship is relatively novel and marginal, the establishment of several intermediary companies has contributed to the rapid diffusion of the scheme as precarious ‘adventurous’ housing, particularly in metropolitan areas where guardianship schemes largely attract mobile and university-educated individuals. Drawing on debates about the complexities of ‘self-precarization’, this article examines imaginaries of property guardianship and their ambivalent significance in relation to lived processes of precarization. Through the analysis of media representations and in-depth interviews with current and former guardians in London, it explores how guardians mobilize narratives of adaptability, flexibility and nomadism between their resignation to existing housing conditions and a sense of critical and autonomous agency. This article proposes and develops a nuanced qualitative approach to analyse how precarious dwelling through guardianship is reshaping spatial imaginaries of acceptable and desirable urban housing, contributing to significant processes of individual and collective subjectification. At a moment of extensive governmentality through insecurity, it concludes that examining imaginaries and practices of self-precarization offers a critical entry point for understanding and rethinking, theoretically and politically, housing precarity and its geographies.

English abstract: In the 2000s, the precarization phenomenon has been discussed and written about quite a lot in various contexts, most commonly in relation to work and changing working conditions. Part of the discussion is research-oriented and critical while the other perspective is more involved and focused around opinions and political views. In my master thesis I use both literature review and article analysis as ways in order to find out how precarization is approached in written text. I examine whether there exists some kind of cohesive view of the precarization phenomenon or more like several contradicting definitions and views. I specifically aim to answer the question about what the Finnish precarization discourse is like, while also briefly covering some global perspectives. As an empirical sample of precarisation discourse I am using 11 Finnish written articles. I also tell about the changes of working life, societal and social policy changes that have taken place in the 2000s at the global level and are considered to be linked to precarization. I approach the precarization phenomenon and development primarily from the perspective of working life and welfare state viewpoints but also noticing globally ongoing larger processes. In my work I also consider some sneak peak into national statistical data. As a critical side note, there rises up some questioning towards statistical data, which according to many actors fades out the precarization phenomenon and its empirical basis. My thesis is a qualitative theoretical study that consists of two parts; a fairly extensive literature review and an empirical analysis of 11 finnish articles. The selected research methods are theoretical review, conceptual analysis, thematization, analysis of the content and theoretical study. By using these methods I am trying to designate the overall picture formed by the Finnish precarious discourse and what are the actors behind the scene. The results of the study are discussed in the text but also presented with some theoretical schemes and figures. Tiivistelmä: Prekarisaation ilmiöstä on puhuttu ja kirjoitettu 2000-luvun puolella melko paljon erilaisissa asiayhteyksissä, useimmiten jollain tavalla liittyen työhön ja muuttuneisiin työolosuhteisiin. Osa keskustelusta on tutkimuksellista ja kriittistä, osa enemmän mielipiteenomaista ja poliittisesti kantaa ottavaa. Gradussani lähden sekä kirjallisuuskatsauksen että artikkelianalyysin keinoin selvittämään, millä tavoin prekarisaatiota käsitellään erityisesti kirjoitetuissa teksteissä. Tutkin, löytyykö prekarisaatioilmiöstä jonkunlaista näkemyksellistä yhtenäisyyttä vai esimerkiksi toisistaan paljonkin poikkeavia määrittelyjä ja näkökantoja. Etsin vastausta erityisesti siihen, mitä suomalainen prekaaridiskurssi on sivuten keskustelua myös globaalilla tasolla. Empiirisenä otoksena työssäni on 11 suomalaisen artikkelin analyysi. Kerron myös 2000-luvun työelämän, väljemmin yhteiskunnallisista ja sosiaalipoliittisista globaalin tason muutoksista, joihin prekarisaation voidaan nähdä kytkeytyvän. Esitän prekarisaatiokehitystä ja -ilmiötä erityisesti työelämän ja hyvinvointivaltion, mutta laajemmin myös globaalin tason kehityskulkujen kautta. Huomioin myös aihetta koskevan kansallisen tilastotiedon, johon luodaan suppea silmäys. Kriittisenä sivujuonteena mukana kulkee aineistosta esiin nouseva kyseenalaistus saatavilla olevalle tilastotiedolle, jonka useat tahot nykyisellään näkevät häivyttävän prekarisaation ilmiötä ja ilmiön kokemuksellista pohjaa. Työni on laadullinen teoreettinen tutkimus, joka koostuu kahdesta osasta; laajahkosta kirjallisuuskatsauksesta sekä 11 artikkelin empiirisestä analyysista. Tutkimusmenetelmiä gradussa ovat teoreettinen katsaus, laadullinen tutkimus, käsiteanalyysi, sisällön teemoittelu, -erittely, -analyysi sekä teoreettinen tutkimusote. Näiden menetelmien avulla tutkin, minkälainen kokonaiskuva suomalaisesta prekaaridiskurssista muodostuu ja mitkä tekijät ilmiötä määrittävät. Tutkimuksen tuloksia esitän teoreettisina kaavioina ja kuvioina sekä näihin liittyvinä pohdintoina.

Resumo A precarização laboral não se restringe à intensificação do ritmo de trabalho, à diversificação das tarefas, à adoção de novas formas de gestão, às terceirizações e às privatizações. Mais do que isso, cria novas formas de subjetivação. O objetivo deste estudo é problematizar a produção subjetiva da precarização laboral. Foi analisado o caso de uma mulher de 30 anos, que solicitou demissão de uma instituição financeira privada após desenvolver Síndrome do Pânico. Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como um estudo de caso de caráter qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo e transversal. No caso apresentado, a participante opta por realizar um trabalho precário após deixar o seu antigo emprego. Entende-se que a escolha pelo trabalho precário não significou a vitória do desejo de desfrutar o seu próprio trabalho, mas a simples necessidade de manter a subsistência material. Concluiu-se que é necessário aprofundar a questão da produção subjetiva da precarização, buscando entender possíveis modos de resistência a essa. Resumen Precarización del trabajo no sólo abarca la intensificación del ritmo de trabajo, la diversificación de las tareas, la adopción de nuevas formas de gestión, la externalización y privatizaciones. Más que eso, la precariedad laboral crea nuevas formas de subjetividad. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la producción subjetiva de precariedad laboral. Se analizó el caso de una mujer de 30 años, quien pidió la dimisión de una institución financiera privada después de desarrollar trastorno de pánico. Esta investigación se caracteriza como un caso de estudio cualitativo, exploratorio, descriptivo y transversal. En nuestro caso, la participante opta por hacer un trabajo precário después de salir de su empleo anterior. La elección del trabajo precario no significó la victoria del deseo de disfrutar de su propio trabajo, pero la simple necesidad de mantener la subsistencia material. Se concluyó que es necesario profundizar la cuestión de la producción subjetiva de la precarización, buscando entender posibles modos de resistencia a esa. Abstract Labor precarization is not only about intensification of work rhythm, diversification of tasks, adoption of new forms of management, outsourcing and privatization. More than that, labor precarization creates new forms of subjectivity. This study aimed to discuss the subjective production of labor precarization. The case of a 30 year-old woman who requested resignation of a private financial institution after developing Panic Disorder was analyzed. This research is characterized as a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive and transversal case study. In the case, the participant chooses to make a precarious job after leaving her former job. The choice of precarious labor did not mean the achievement of a desire to enjoy the individual’s own work, but simply meant as a way of maintaining material subsistence. It was concluded that it is necessary to deepen the question of subjective production precarization, trying to understand possible forms of resistance to this.