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Arts studies is very important and interested too specially if it is related to an important material during 13 century He/ nineteenth century Ad, which is silver that was used as catering equipments within Modern oriental style that was taken from Europe, These tools appeared in the forms of Metal within round bases plates.This collection was not present in Egypt before, and came to Egypt as a result of the cultural exchange between Egypt and European countries, especially France, and through this exchange emerged European influences on Eastern art,prompting the researcher to do a scientific study Analytical analysis on this new type of tableware, to find out the social aspects of this era, and to know the economic situation of the ruling family at the time, as well as the knowledge of the technical and industrial methods that prevailed during this period.The era of Khedive Ismail (1279-1296 / 1863-1879) was characterized by the great influence of European art. He was even known to be the vector of European renaissance to Egypt. He was influenced by European culture and architecture especially the French. He studied engineering, mathematics and nature in Paris.When Ismail took over the rule of the state (1279-1296 AH / 1863-1879), the first step that he did , was the transition to European civilization during the reign of Ishmael, the transfer of the seat of government from the castle to the Palace of Abdeen.The Alawia family was interested in extracting minerals, as it was granting the experts the license to detect, search and excavate minerals throughout Egypt and all the territories under its rule. Foreign companies tried to obtain the concession of extracting the minerals that were discovered, such as gold, silver, copper, lead and iron. , Emeralds, in addition to garnet, these metals were often made of cutlery of them. and In the reign of Khedive, the great industries of the nineteenth century began to appear in Egypt following the European countries. There are many industries such as aromatherapy, pottery and glass, as well as iron and steel factories.Despite the revival of the Khedive, small industrial trades deteriorated due to the policy of economic freedom and the policy of openness and the safety of foreign capital after the establishment of mixed courts. However, despite the small craftsmanship, it continued in Egypt until the late nineteenth century.

Ultrasound examination of material properties is a precision method for determining their elastic and strength properties in connection with the small wavelength formed in the material after impact of a laser beam. In this paper, the wave processes arising during these measurements are considered in detail. It is shown that full-wave numerical modeling allows us to study in detail the types of waves, topological characteristics of their profile, speed of arrival of waves at various points, identification the types of waves whose measurements are most optimal for examining a sample made of a specific material of a particular shape, and to develop measurement procedures. To carry out full-wave modeling, a grid-characteristic method on structured grids was used in this work and a hyperbolic system of equations that describes the propagation of elastic waves in the material of the thin plate under consideration on a specific example of a ratio of thickness to width of 1:10 was solved. To simulate an elastic front that arose in the plate due to a laser beam, a model of the corresponding initial conditions was proposed. A comparison of the wave effects that arise during its use in the case of a point source and with the data of physical experiments on the propagation of laser ultrasound in metal plates was made. A study was made on the basis of which the characteristic topological features of the wave processes under consideration were identified and revealed. The main types of elastic waves arising due to a laser beam are investigated, the possibility of their use for studying the properties of materials is analyzed. A method based on the analysis of multiple waves is proposed. The proposed method for studying the properties of a plate with the help of multiple waves on synthetic data was tested, and it showed good results. It should be noted that most of the studies of multiple waves are aimed at developing methods for their suppression. Multiple waves are not used to process the results of ultrasound studies due to the complexity of their detection in the recorded data of a physical experiment. Due to the use of full wave modeling and analysis of spatial dynamic wave processes, multiple waves are considered in detail in this work and it is proposed to divide materials into three classes, which allows using multiple waves to obtain information about the material of the plate. The main results of the work are the developed problem statements for the numerical simulation of the study of plates of a finite thickness by laser ultrasound; the revealed features of the wave phenomena arising in plates of a finite thickness; the developed method for studying the properties of the plate on the basis of multiple waves; the developed classification of materials. The results of the studies presented in this paper may be of interest not only for developments in the field of ultrasonic non-destructive testing, but also in the field of seismic exploration of the earth's interior, since the proposed approach can be extended to more complex cases of heterogeneous media and applied in geophysics.

Objectives. The finite element method for cracked reinforced concrete slabs analysis after they were reinforced with composite fabrics in order to determine the residual safety factor is considered. Method. The method is based on the use of algorithms for calculating of structures with the account of the geometrical and physical nonlinearities, implemented in the PRINS program. These algorithms assume the use of the same calculation scheme in the process of the problem solving. However, the specifics of the assigned problem is that the design sсheme of the structure before the appearance of defects in it and after its amplification with the help of composite materials should change. Result. Taking into account this circumstance, the algorithms of nonlinear calculation of structures under the PRINS program were supplemented with an option that allows changing the parameters of the design scheme in the process of through calculation. To study the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete slabs, multilayer finite elements are used, for each of which a specific package of materials is specified. Modernization of the design scheme in this case comes down to replacing one package of materials with another. An example of calculation of a slab with a crack reinforced with composite fabric is given. Conclusion. It is shown that the use of a tunable design scheme can significantly improve the accuracy of calculations. In this case, the final result depends on what stage of the formation of defects in the slab its strengthening is realized. The special multilayered finite elements of a quadrangular shape are used in calculations. The elements consist of four simple triangles, for which most of the matrix characteristics are calculated in a closed form. This is especially important when carrying out nonlinear calculations that require repeated computations of these characteristics.

Background. Treatment of residual cavities after radical surgery for bone diseases is a vital problem of modern traumatology. Currently, there is an active search for devices both for osteosynthesis and bone-substituting masses. Aims. The purpose of this work was to test a new device for osteosynthesis. It can be used both for fixing bone fragments, and for studying the morphological features of bone regenerate in experiment.Materials and methods. A device for bone osteosynthesis of tubular bones in an experiment (Patent of the Russian Federation N 20116121487) was applied. The device consisted of two half-bushings, fastened to each other by a fierce clamp. Polypropylene was used as the material for the half-bushings, therefore no immunological reactions were observed. On the inner surface there were silicone cylinders, which directed pressure on the fragments and did not disturb the nutrition of the periosteum. The experiment was performed on Wistar rats. The surgical defect of the femur was filled with hydroxyapatite. Two groups of animals were identified. The bone in the first group was fixed by the device. The wire cerclage was used in the second group.Results. The study showed that the developed device does not disturb the nutrition of the periosteum, and also tightly fixes the osteoplastic material in the bone defect. Histological examination showed that bone regeneration was faster when the device was used. On the 21st day of the experiment, the regenerate filled the defect in the control group by 62 %, and in the experimental group by 73 %. The regenerate was represented by a woven bone. In all animals, bone regenerate formed a strong osteo-integrative connection with the maternal bone. In both groups, it looked like a mature bone tissue at the end of the experiment (28 days).Conclusion. The data indicate that the device does not disturb the processes of bone formation and allows for more efficient use osteoplastic material.

The present study introduces a generalized 2-unknown’s higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) for isotropic and orthotropic plates. The well-known Shimpi’s two-unknown's HSDT is reproduced as a special case. Reddy’s shear strain shape function (SSSF) is also adapted to the present generalized theory. The results show that both Shimpi and the adapted Reddy’ HSDT are essentially the same, i.e., both present the same static results. This is due to the fact that both theories use polynomial SSSFs. This study presents a new optimized cotangential SSSF. The generalized governing equation obtained from the principle of virtual displacement is solved via the Navier closed-form solution. Results show that transverse shear stresses can be improved substantially when non-polynomial SSSFs are utilized. Finally, this theory is attractive and has the potential to study other mechanical problems such as bending in nanoplates due to its reduced number of unknown’s variables.