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The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the findings of science teachers' STEM lesson plan preparation skills and self-assessment forms and to examine their views on STEM applications. STEM education is an effort based on the integration of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics to help individuals gain economic strength, enabling them to find solutions to real-life problems using the steps of scientific process. In the spring semester of the 2019-2020 academic year, science teaching at a public university in Ankara was carried out with 18 preservice science teachers (17 females, 1 male) who were studying in the 4th grade. Case study method was used from qualitative research methods within the scope of the study. The preservice science teachers who formed the study group primarily received basic STEM education and studied STEM studies. Preservice science teachers were asked individually to prepare STEM lesson plans that included environmental issues in the secondary school science curriculum. In the study, it is seen that most preservice teacher do not receive STEM education. Preservice teacher who are practitioners of the STEM approach can be provided with STEM education with courses to be given during the undergraduate period. In this study, when the views of teachers and preservice teacher are examined, it is understood that there should be projects and studies supporting STEM education activities in their university life.

Purpose: The study aims at analyzing teacher candidates' experience and views about the use of mind and intelligence games in social studies courses. Design/methodology/approach: The basic qualitative design was used in this paper. Data were obtained during the 2016-2017 academic year from 12 4th year college students studying social studies teacher education in a university located in Turkey. A two-week (16 hours) workshop program on 21 different mind and intelligence games of different genres was given to the teacher candidates. Dataset were analyzed regarding the usability of mind and intelligence games in social studies education. Findings: The obtained results showed that although mind and intelligence games offer important contributions to teaching social studies, there may be some difficulties. Practical implications: University administrators may organise in-service training programs for instructors on mind and intelligence games as implementing them in courses may increase learner satisfaction and contribute to a more positive classroom environment.

Enhancing teachers' professionalism has been a challenge and the policy researchers are responding to this issue by providing teacher development program. Preliminary studies have advocated some ideas and model for development teachers' professionalism. However, there is a lack of empirical studies that focus on the development model as it linearly affects teachers' development. This study aims to implement and evaluate a model-based collaborative for sports and health physical education teachers in Indonesia. This study elaborated both a mixed-methods approach to gain a deeper understanding of this phenomenon. This research engaged teachers and schools' principals as participants. The data were provided in a questionnaire to know the user perception about the modules and its implementation. The findings indicate that the coaching model has been revised to be accurately and easily understood and feasible to apply. Second, in a process, the coaching model can be applied smoothly and efficiently, is perceived positively by the teacher, and can increase teacher motivation to participate in the coaching process. Lastly, the application of the coaching model can improve the cognitive abilities of teachers, and is proven to be practically applicable to improve teacher professionalism in carrying out learning.

The aim of this study is to investigate the views of pre-school teachers on outdoor play activities. The research is designed in a qualitative pattern. The study group of the study was determined according to the "Turkish Classification of Statistical Region Units" (2003) by criterion sampling method, which is one of the purposeful sampling methods, and 63 pre-school teachers were interviewed. In the research, "Interview Form for Outdoor Play Activities" was used as data collection tool. NVivo 12 Qualitative Data Analysis program and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. As a result of the research, it was stated that teachers prefer the outdoor play activities "when the air temperature is high and without rain"; it was determined that the reasons for not placing these activities or placing fewer in the program are "weather conditions", "parental attitudes" and "physical conditions". It was found out that the teachers allocated "30-60 minutes" to outdoor play activities and generally included these activities "in the middle of the day". It has been revealed that most teachers conduct outdoor play activities "both planned and free" and that these activities are directed by "teachers and children together".

Interdisciplinary STEM education is a particular pedagogical methodology in which learners learn the association and connection of the knowledge of science and mathematics through particular technological engineering. To achieve this, specific interdisciplinary STEM-based educational curricula should be developed, and teachers should be qualified appropriately before any implementation process. Therefore, the aims of the research are both to (a) reveal the effect of the STEM workshop on science teachers' awareness of the relationship between science and other disciplines and to (b) examine its transferring contribution to their lesson planning approach. The case study method was used to get the essential data of research with 40 science teachers. The data were gathered via the Questionnaire for Interdisciplinary Association of Science, the lesson plans, and semi-structured interviews. As a result of the research, less variation is found in disciplines associated with science such as mathematics, technology-design, social studies, engineering, visual arts, Turkish languages, and music, etc. compared to data tools that they applied before and after workshop sessions. Besides, the post-applied data tool results revealed that the participants provided more comprehensive explanations regarding the direction of the interdisciplinary association, which suggests a better understanding of the relationship of science with other disciplines in the latter case. In addition, it was determined that most of the teachers designed their lesson plans based on an interdisciplinary approach and used the Engineering Design Process (EDP) as a teaching method to create the learning environment.

The role universities play in advancing COVID-specific knowledge and long-term management of this global crisis is largely unknown. In this comparative perspective study, we document the ways in which members from universities in the US, New Zealand, Italy, South Korea, and China engage in activities to respond to the pandemic. We frame this study with consortium-style emergency management and continuity planning (Friedman et al., 2014; Mann, 2007) and apply the sensemaking knowledge management framework (Choo, 1998) to identify strategies that university members employ to generate new scientific knowledge on COVID-19. Our findings reveal that response to the pandemic varies by university stratification, specifically by size and research capacity. At the time of this study, we identified three distinct lenses by which university members position their leadership and research on COVID. Universities from China utilized a post-pandemic approach. Whereas universities in the US, Italy, New Zealand, and South Korea approach their COVID research activities using an evolving-pandemic anticipatory lens and focus on Synergistic Knowledge Production (SKP) on current and future pandemics by engaging in a range of collaborative and interdisciplinary research activities with members of regional universities. Findings also provide policy implications for university-led responses to global health challenges. [Note: The page range (146-160) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range is 146-161.]

The purpose of this study was to identify the Argumentation-based Inquiry (ABI) process from the perspective of teachers implementing the approach and determine the impacts of the process on both teachers and students. The researchers conducted the study via qualitative research methods. To this end, three science teachers teaching in three different secondary schools in the province of Kastamonu took part in the study. First, the researchers provided an eight-week ABI training to the teachers. Following this training, they asked the teachers to implement the ABI practices on a science unit in the classroom. When the teachers completed these practices, the researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with the teachers. The interview questions were specified with the aim of determining the views of the teachers on the ABI process, as well as its impact on teachers and students. The interviews were recorded and then analyzed. A descriptive analysis was carried out on the data. According to the findings, the teachers stressed the importance of planning the teaching process and being prepared for the subject for the effectiveness of the ABI process. Furthermore, the teachers stated that the questions asked by both teachers and students played a key role in the ABI process. Last but not least, the teachers reported that their knowledge of the field had increased and their skills of asking questions had developed owing to the process, while the knowledge obtained by the students had become permanent and the inquiry and communication skills of the students had developed in the process.

This study investigated the effects of two different planning time conditions (i.e., operational [20 s] and extended length [90 s]) for the lecture listening-into-speaking tasks of the "TOEFL iBT"® test for candidates at different proficiency levels. Seventy international students based in universities and language schools in the United Kingdom (35 at a lower level; 35 at a higher level) participated in the study. The effects of different lengths of planning time were examined in terms of: (1) the scores given by ETS-certified raters; (2) the quality of the speaking performances characterized by accurately reproduced idea units and the measures of complexity, accuracy, and fluency; and (3) self-reported use of cognitive and metacognitive processes and strategies during listening, planning, and speaking. The results found neither a statistically significant main effect of the length of planning time nor an interaction between planning time and proficiency on the scores or on the quality of the speaking performance. There were several cognitive and metacognitive processes and strategies where significantly more engagement was reported under the extended planning time, which suggests enhanced cognitive validity of the task. However, the increased engagement in planning did not lead to any measurable improvement in the score. Therefore, in the interest of practicality, the results of this study provide justifications for the operational length of planning time for the lecture listening-into-speaking tasks in the speaking section of the TOEFL iBT test.

University students often struggle with choosing a topic for their final projects due to the lack of a supporting and defining framework for said selection. Should the student be oriented toward reflecting on how each of the possible topics to choose from can become an impactful project in the short, mid and long run, maybe that selection becomes a less anxious moment and the engagement with the project activities more relevant and meaningful to the student, being particularly pertinent when students can anticipate different levels of impact that range from their own life to a wider community. In this paper a visual tool is proposed, aiming at simplifying the moment of choosing a project by matching its anticipated impact with the users' motivations, capacities, ambitions, and perceptions of value. A prototype was designed and tested with a group of students enrolled at a creative postgraduate course, in a professionalisation-led module, under the UK's first 2020 lockdown restrictions. The tool proved helpful in supporting the students' decision making when having to select a topic to be developed in the context of a communication design project, and to which they were able to align their personal interests, their career ambitions, and the way they perceived themselves as contributing to a better world. Since this is a cyclical experience, both during a design learning environment, but also in design practice, the Impact Plan, which was conceived with design students in mind, configures as fully replicable in other academic (and professional) contexts too.

Language teaching is noted to be a stressful profession at the best of times, but in 2020 it became even more difficult for all teachers because of the spread of COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. Teachers were required to switch suddenly to deliver their lessons on online platforms, with many having little or no prior training. This has certainly been the case for language teachers, language students and language schools because most language courses, initially designed for face-to-face instruction, were suddenly 'forced' to move to online platforms. This sudden move meant that language schools, language teachers and their students needed to adapt fast to a new virtual world that for many was an unknown teaching world. For language teachers the main challenge was how to adapt their courses and lessons to make them suitable for this new online delivery mode. This paper reports on the reflections of the adaptation challenges of four English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers at a prominent English language institution in Costa Rica, Central America, as they suddenly had to shift to online lesson delivery due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

This article presents how the District of Columbia's (DC's) state board has designed and coordinated a collaborative process to revise social studies standards that will ideally facilitate learning the long, interconnected arcs of history, economics, politics, and geography that run through the American past, helping students make connections between history and the present, where they are active agents of civic change. While the new standards will not be implemented until the 2022-23 school year, the state board has planned these revisions with a rapidly changing world in mind and prioritized the critical examination of history as an essential skill for all DC students.

After years of education system reforms that, at best, tinker at the system's edges, generations of families and students remain systemically marginalized, underserved, underprepared, and undereducated. COVID-19 has only made starker and more urgent the unfinished work of ensuring that all students receive an excellent education. It is time to do something different. Rather than hurry back to the familiar, leaders on state boards of education should name and be able to explain how a particular policy or set of policies can drive practices and build systems that upend inequities and foster equity. In that spirit, the author offers six equity-focused design principles that his organization, the National Urban League (NUL), applies in its national, state, and local work alongside 91 affiliates in 36 states and the District of Columbia: (1) Acknowledge Working and Operational Definitions of Equity; (2) Understand the Role of Narrative Change; (3) Reconsider Time and Resources; (4) Plan, Strategize, Act, Reflect; (5) Foster and Support an Education Ecosystem; and (6) Intentionally Build Forward Together. State boards can apply these principles to their work as well.

Generally, learning outcomes are not always as expected; instead, they show a degree of variation depending on various factors. Likewise, despite the fact of providing writing instruments in Saudi EFL classrooms, the outcomes are not always as expected. The reasons may range from classroom atmosphere to individual cognition and many other related variants around. However, it is a small attempt in teachers' perspective to see if anything is lacking in the implementation of 'teaching writing strategies' for EFL classrooms. To verify this assumption between practicality and literature, this paper intends to explore 'the implementation of writing strategies of faculty' during teaching writing skills. In addition, this paper also attempts to identify what sort of discourse tools and metacognitive strategies university faculty are incorporating in their teaching, and what is ignored or not used up to the mark while enhancing Saudi EFL students' meta-cognitive awareness. To collect responses for this study, a survey questionnaire was administered among 36 English language educators of the Jazan region. The results of this study revealed that there is a component that was given minor importance during teaching, though teachers used other strategies and tools extensively. Furthermore, one of the aims of the study is to demonstrate how discourse can be used to offer a solution in the present scenario. In a nutshell, this research recommends the significance of the neglected subcomponent and its importance in improving writing metacognition.

The main goal of this study is to assess the perception of pupils towards bullying prevention and its implementation at the School District of Castillejos Zambales Philippines. The attitude towards bullying prevention of respondents. A qualitative descriptive checklist method was employed. All responses indicated the subjects' agreement was strongly agreed. There is a positive attitude toward bullying prevention at the Public School District of Castillejos. While the perception of the respondents in the implementation of the anti-bullying act are very satisfied in the measures of the Public School District of Castillejos with a verbal description of excellent. It was concluded that there is a positive attitude of students towards anti-bullying act implementation and the perception of pupils toward the implementation of anti-bullying are excellent in terms of planning, campaign, and implementation. It was recommended that the schools will continue the eagerness in implementing the anti-bullying act, continue the campaign in anti-bullying to educate and saturate the school with the knowledge of the effect in physical and emotional being of pupils and continue to let the pupils participate in all forms of the anti-bullying campaign for them to inform others about bullying. Teachers shall continue in familiarizing the school's definition of bullying, bullying prevention policies, and the code of conduct. This will ensure that the same policy is being enforced throughout the school.

A facility dog in a school is a comparatively recent category of working dog. These dogs typically are trained at the assistance, or service dog, level and are thoroughly prepared for their role. The school facility dog accompanies an owner/handler, who is a professional employee of the school, to work on a regular basis. Research on human-canine interaction indicates that positive interactions between young children and dogs can improve learners' academic performance, their attitudes toward school, the relationships they build with others, and their emotional wellbeing. This article begins with a definition for a facility dog, describes an exemplary dog training program that prepares facility dogs for schools, and explains the interprofessional partnerships that are essential for success. Next, we review the research to provide a rationale for bringing children and dogs together in educational contexts. The remainder of the article guides educators in planning for the facility dog's arrival and involving the facility dog in a wide range of activities that support the school's mission and goals.

Background: The threat of a disaster or potential for a disaster is something that may be experienced by individuals globally. Schools are places of daily mass gatherings which make them an ideal target for mass casualty, natural disasters, and biological incidents. Methods: An integrative review using Whittemore and Knafl's model was conducted to explore peer-reviewed publications about K-12 schools and natural disasters and pandemic preparedness and planning. Results: Themes identified from the systematic review of 12 articles reflected determinants and level of school preparedness, disaster plan components, compliance with government requirements, emergency equipment, supplies, drills, and training, collaboration with outside agencies, and perceptions of school preparedness. Preparedness for disasters and biological events among schools varies and multiple factors contribute to the level of preparedness. Perceptions of school preparedness differ among school community members. Schools perceive more preparedness for disasters than their actual level. Conclusions: Our nation's schools are not adequately prepared for disasters. There is a need for further research in schools to identify and understand preparedness for disasters.

Learning how to develop lesson and unit plans is recognised as a priority for teacher education programmes; however, recent empirical research on planning is scarce, particularly in physical education. The purpose of this research was to analyse how and why we teach physical education pre-service teachers (PSTs) to plan in the ways we do. A secondary purpose was to consider alternative approaches to teaching about planning based on this analysis. Over one academic term, we used collaborative self-study of teacher education practice methodology and gathered several forms of qualitative data, including reflective journal entries, recorded video conversations, and teaching artefacts. Through sharing and interrogating our assumptions about the nature of planning and how to teach PSTs about planning, we came to see several flaws in the approaches we had typically used, particularly in terms of the emphasis given to the products (i.e. developing and submitting complete lesson plans) over the processes of planning, and how this emphasis did not necessarily support PSTs' learning. This was partially because we found it challenging to model our processes of planning for PSTs in authentic ways. We agree that planning is and should be a central part of learning to teach; however, this research suggests that the 'typical' actions in how we teach PSTs about planning may be ripe for disruption and redesign. This research provides a rationale for a better balance to be struck between teaching about planning-as-process and teaching about planning-as-product.

Student involvement is integral to transition planning for students with learning disabilities (LD). However, only a small body of research has examined the perspectives of high school students with LD related to this process. We conducted a systematic literature review and subsequent metasynthesis of 14 studies that met criteria and quality indicators for qualitative research in special education. Using a collaborative coding process, we identified five themes: (1) differences in support from professionals, family, and peers for transition, (2) perspectives on transition planning vision, meetings, and documents (3) evaluation of transition activities related to academics and graduation, career, and college, (4) self-determination examples, barriers, and facilitators, and (5) awareness of influence that gender, race, and/or culture have on transition. We discuss implications for practice and future research.

This study discusses the disparity in numbers between Japanese children and their Brazilian immigrant peers concerning placement in Japanese special education classes. In-depth interviews were conducted with 21 stakeholders including Japanese nationals and Brazilian immigrants to see if there were any ways to explain the larger numbers of immigrant children assigned to such classes. Five main factors affecting the stakeholders emerged: Linguistic and Cultural Related Misunderstandings of Information, Limitations Concerning Counseling and Educational Planning, Requests for Improving the Support System for Non-Japanese Students, Importance of a Second Opinion, and Cultural and Linguistic Effects when Evaluating Non-Japanese Students. The study provides policy recommendations aimed at improving the support system for immigrant communities who face a variety of stresses living in an unfamiliar culture.

The 2015 constitution of Nepal declared Nepal to be a Federal, Democratic, and Republic nation. The constitution has provided local governments the right to manage school education, and the 2017 Local Government Operation Act of Nepal has outlined the roles and responsibilities of local governments in taking guardianship of school education. Since 2017, Nepal has been in the process of institutionalising decentralised governance practices, but this is proceeding at a slow pace. Unprecedently, from early 2020, the COVID-pandemic hit hard the lives of Nepali people, and Nepali education suffered greatly. The pandemic has brought several opportunities for the government to devolve the management system of school education to local levels. This article is based upon the analysis of the six newly introduced plans, regulations, and guidelines in Nepali education, that aim to continue school education amid the COVID-pandemic. These newly introduced polices have significantly acknowledged and mobilised the local strengths in educational management. This research supports a new academic discussion on governance ideas of the Nepalese education system, induced by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: This study examines how resources and organizational decisions within seven geographically diverse elementary schools shape instructional coordination for Tier 2 interventions within the Response to Intervention (RtI) framework. Research Methods: This work is part of a larger, multiple-case study examining how schools support academic achievement for economically disadvantaged students. We draw on qualitative interview and observation data from seven purposively sampled public elementary schools in Wisconsin during the 2017-18 school year. In our analysis, we approach each school as an individual case to ascertain how resources and organizational decisions shaped instructional coordination for Tier 2 interventions within the RtI framework. Findings: We find that organizational contexts shape how schools approach the instructional coordination of staffing and schedules requisite for multitiered instruction. Specifically, local programming, delineation of staff roles, and availability and deployment of school resources influenced if and how schools coordinated staff and schedules to support RtI. These elements consequently informed student groupings for interventions, the extent of student access to Tier 1 and Tier 2 content, and staff engagement in data-driven discussions. Implications: By closely examining the everyday realities of diverse elementary schools, this study demonstrates that RtI is not a singular program but a context-contingent process. In tracing the relationships between school contexts, instructional coordination, and the practical implementation of RtI, we provide insight into the messy realities of schools and obstacles to RtI that past research overlooks. These findings emphasize the importance of systematic, school-wide coordination that extends beyond single grade levels and subjects.

Building on rich training literature, we examined which skills constituting the control-of-variables strategy (CVS) benefit from a comprehensive training, and which develop similarly during content-focused inquiry at ages 10-12. In addition, we examined whether prior knowledge, reasoning abilities, and reading comprehension explain variation in intervention effects. In a within-classroom, controlled field-experiment, half of N = 618 children from schools located in the German-speaking part of Switzerland were randomly assigned to a training on the CVS, and the other half to an active control group engaging in content-focused inquiry. Mixed-effects models revealed that the CVS training improved children's skills in planning controlled experiments and understanding the indeterminacy of confounded experiments, whereas it did not show specific effects on children's skills in identifying and interpreting controlled experiments. Children with better reasoning abilities and reading comprehension showed the strongest intervention effects on the more difficult skills. The general and differential effects of training remained mostly stable after a period of 6 months. More basic CVS skills seem to develop without targeted training, whereas more advanced ones benefit most from training that meets learners' preconditions.

The COVID-19 pandemic ushered in a new era of technological tools that were used by language teachers to develop their students' English language skills. As a result of the sudden shift to online instruction, teachers at the Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics Academy middle school had little time to prepare and had limited resources to deliver an innovative curriculum. However, when schools returned to in-person learning and when COVID-19 relief funds were allocated to the school site to purchase new technology, these teachers gained access to more technology in their classrooms than ever before. This paper describes how teachers at this site leveraged the technological tools to achieve two goals: making the curriculum comprehensible and engaging for English learners to raise assessment scores; and using the technology to connect with their students. To achieve these goals, teachers were taught how to coalesce their tools in three ways: translating texts; digitizing their paper-based lessons; and "mirroring" input from their tablet computers to a larger screen. During an eight-week training, teachers implemented these innovations in their classrooms, reported their successes and reflected on their practice. This paper describes how four teachers used these tools inside their classrooms for innovative English language instruction.

This article proposes using the dimension of human resources planning (Rebore, 2011) as a vehicle to disrupt the racism and ableism in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (the "IDEA") that contributes to children of color being disproportionately overidentified into stigmatized disability categories which carry less per-pupil funding. The IDEA guarantees children with disabilities the right to a "free and appropriate public education" ("FAPE"). Since Congress passed the IDEA in 1975, there have been disparities across racial lines with respect to identification of students and classification of disabilities, and the funding associated with these classifications. This article considers how certain decisions within the realm of human resources can disrupt these inequities against the backdrop of school finance litigation.

The purpose of this exploratory qualitative study was to understand the types of mental health supports described in school district reopening plans in one southeastern state, and to understand school social workers' involvement in developing these plans during the first full academic year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Publicly accessible school district reopening plans were collected from the 80 school districts in South Carolina, and 15 school social workers participated in virtual interviews. Out of the 80 school districts, 67 had reopening plans, and of those, only 43 percent mentioned mental health services and supports. Most school district reopening plans described Tier 1 universal prevention services and supports and a process for mental health assessment, identification, and referral. Fewer included Tier 2 early intervention and Tier 3 targeted and intensive services. Of the school social workers interviewed, only four were involved in helping to develop their school district reopening plans, and when involved, advocated for mental health services and supports for their students. The article concludes with a discussion of the study's implications for school social work practice.

High-quality systematic literature reviews provide a systematic process for identifying, synthesizing, and critiquing multiple studies and, in turn, inform theory, research, practice, and policy. With a focus on special education systematic reviews, we propose four core principles (i.e., coherence, contextualization, generativity, and transparency) to guide scholars in conducting meta-analyses, systematic narrative reviews, and qualitative meta-syntheses. Specifically, we articulate how scholars can promote each of these principles at each stage of the review process to enhance the rigor, relevance, and credibility of their systematic review: (a) framing the problem and research questions; (b) planning procedures to identify, analyze, and synthesize studies; and (c) presenting and interpreting results. Last, we discuss future directions in light of issues of equity and approaches to bridge synthesis findings and practice and policy.

Site visits are common in evaluation plans but there is a dearth of guidance about how to conduct them. This paper revisits site visit standards published by Michael Patton in 2017 and proposes a framework for evaluative site visits. We retrospectively examined documents from a series of site visits for examples of Patton's standards. Through this process, we identified additional standards and organized them into four categories and fourteen standards that can guide evaluation site visits: team competencies and knowledge (interpersonal competence, cultural humility, evaluation competence, methodological competence, subject matter knowledge, site specific knowledge), planning and coordination (project design, resources, data management), engagement (team engagement, sponsor engagement, site engagement), and confounding factors (neutrality, credibility). In the paper, we provide definitions and examples from the case of meeting, and missing, the standards. We encourage others to apply the framework in their contexts and continue the discussion around evaluative site visits.

Insights into the process of mathematical problem posing is a central concern in mathematics education research. However, little is known about regulative or metacognitive behaviors that are essential to understanding this process. In this study, we investigate metacognitive behavior in problem posing. We aim at (1) identifying problem-posing-specific metacognitive behaviors and (2) applying these identified metacognitive behaviors to illustrate differences in problem-posing processes. For these aims, we identified problem-posing-specific metacognitive behaviors of "planning," "monitoring & control," and "evaluating" in task-based interviews with primary and secondary pre-service teachers. As a proof of concept, the identified behaviors are applied on two selected transcript fragments to illustrate how a problem-posing-specific framework of metacognitive behavior reveals differences in problem-posing processes.

The implementation of technology in home-based services takes place in contextualised socio-material practices negotiated through interactions between a diversity of actors. Prerequisites for succeeding in this process are time and competence, and that use of the technology is experienced as meaningful, for both the support staff and the resident. In this article, we investigate how implementation of cognitive assistive technology (CAT) in home-based services for young adults with intellectual disabilities influences the support staff's professional practice. The participants are eight support staff members, five women and three men. Data were collected through two group interviews, the second one 8 months after the first one. The data were analysed according to a systematic text condensation (STC) approach. Implementation of CAT is a demanding process, revealing different perspectives on professionalism and changing power relations, and entails a new way of working for the support staff.

This qualitative study aimed to investigate enablers and barriers facing community-playgroup families in the provision of play opportunities for children throughout periods of lockdown restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study used a capabilities approach, focussing specifically on the concepts of resources, capabilities and functionings. Using case study methodology, the study comprised two case studies and involved five community-playgroup families. Data methods included semi-structured interviews with playgroup families and the use of audio data from Zoom™ workshops conducted with families in each case study. A thematic approach to data analysis identified seven themes characterising identified enablers and barriers. These were: internet and networked technologies, ideas and information, routines and structure, relationships, space, everyday life, and support. Implications for how playgroups can support children and families in post pandemic times are discussed.