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The thermal management of a driving motor is related to the performance and economy of the vehicle. The lumped-parameter thermal network (LPTN) method can provide a model basis for motor temperature-rise control and effectively shorten the development cycle of motor thermal performance design. In this study, an 80 kw water-cooled permanent magnet synchronous motor was used and the accurate thermal model of a motor was built using the LPTN. On the basis of the accurate thermal model, the simplified thermal model of a motor was obtained by reducing the complexity of the model. The temperature-rise test of the end winding and magnetic steel of the motor was carried out under some working conditions. The test conditions were selected according to continuous external characteristics and operating characteristics of the motor. Compared with the experimental results, the temperature-rise error of the two thermal models was less than 5%. The temperature-rise error of the simplified thermal model was less than 3% compared with the accurate thermal model. Therefore, the simplified thermal model can be used to quickly predict the temperature rise of the motor.

The highway cycle is an important consideration in the EV's new European driving cycles (NEDCs) range, as the steady-state efficiency improvement in such conditions can be greatly beneficial. In the model predictive control (MPC) of the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), the predicted next-step feedback reference generated by the equivalent circuit model (ECM) will contribute directly to the voltage vector selection, therefore influencing the performance of the motor control. In the current MPC scheme, when the conventional ECM is applied, it only considers copper loss, and the core loss is usually disregarded. In some circumstances, such as the highway cycle of EVs, the motors are at high speed, the torque is low, and the core loss can be significant in the losses, thus affecting the accuracy of control and the efficiency of the system; hence, the introduction of core loss ECM into the MPC would be beneficial. This paper aims to investigate the steady-state efficiency improvement of a novel ECM of PMSM considering core loss ECM, and the comparison will be based on model predictive direct torque control (MPDTC) using the core loss ECM, which will be compared to MPDTC with the conventional ECM of the PMSM. The results demonstrate the proposed ECM's efficiency improvement in various conditions, the limitations of the model and the simulation are discussed, and future work is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the design and stability analysis of real power-based stator resistance estimation method for sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) using of model reference adaptive system. The proposed method uses a direct torque and flux control scheme with space vector modulation for PMSM control. The speed, torque, and flux PI controllers are designed in the synchronous reference frame and their stability is analyzed besides stator resistance estimation stability. The proposed method is implemented on a PMSM drive fed by two-level, three-level, and five-level inverters and the performance is validated through experimental and simulation results under different operating conditions. The results proved that the proposed method provides an accurate and stable estimation of stator resistance and improved control performance of the PMSM drive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of sensorless control for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), the flux observer algorithm is widely recognized. However, the estimation accuracy of rotor position is adversely impacted by the interference from DC bias and high-order harmonics. To address these issues, an advanced flux observation method, second-order generalized integrator flux observer extend (SOGIFO-X), is introduced in this paper. The study begins with a theoretical analysis to establish the relationship between flux observation error and rotor position error. The SOGIFO-X method, developed in this study, is compared with traditional methods such as the Low Pass Filter (LPF) and second-order generalized integrator flux observer (SOGIFO), employing mathematical rigor and Bode plot analysis. The emphasis is on the methodology and the general performance improvements SOGIFO-X offers over conventional methods. Simulations and experiments were conducted to assess the impact of SOGIFO-X on the steady-state and dynamic performances of sensorless control. Findings indicate that SOGIFO-X demonstrates significant enhancements in terms of reducing the reduced flux observation error, contributing to the advancement of position estimation accuracy and sensorless motor control technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the pulse width modulation (PWM) harmonic suppression effect of the three‐phase VSI‐fed PMSM system, this paper proposed a novel random switching period (RSP)‐Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technique for the three‐phase power converter. First, the proposed technique replaces the 10‐bit linear feedback shift register pseudorandom number generator (LFSR‐PRNG) with a Tiny Mersenne Twister (MT)‐PRNG to quickly generate high‐quality pseudorandom number sequences. Then, to reduce the sampling error caused by the current ripple, this paper analyzes the sampling timing under different modulation techniques. Based on the interrupted update mechanism of the Infineon AURIX‐TC264, the variable frequency sampling of the RSP‐SVPWM technique is implemented to ensure the best sampling of the motor phase current. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show that the proposed technique can effectively disperse PWM harmonic energy. Meanwhile, the RSP‐SVPWM technique based on variable sampling frequency effectively improves the phase current quality of the PMSM system. The proposed technique shows great potential for suppressing PWM harmonics in integrated PMSM systems. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of load disturbance can lead to the instability of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed control systems. Therefore, a non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control (NFTSMC) strategy based on a disturbance observer is proposed in this paper. First, a new exponential reaching law is presented to relate the rate of convergence to the state error and switching function, which achieves an improvement of the system convergence speed while reducing system jitter. At the same time, to eliminate system jitter, a new smooth saturation function is introduced in place of the symbolic function. Second, a non-singular fast terminal (NFT) sliding surface is generated by combining a nonlinear function with a linear function, which makes the state error converge rapidly at different stages. Finally, a disturbance observer is built to boost the robustness of the control system by observing the outside disturbance value and feeding it back to the speed controller. The dependability and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are confirmed by simulation experiments with MATLAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, "Machine learning" is introduced to motor efficiency optimization control to improve the operating efficiency of the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) for pure electric vehicles. A current distribution method based on the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) is proposed. The efficiency of the motor operation can be improved by coordinating the current control. First, a mathematical model of the motor efficiency is established, and the current distribution law of the optimal efficiency of the motor in different operating regions is qualitatively analyzed. The control system is based on this current distribution. Second, the sample space is established based on measured data, where the current regression model of the GBDT is introduced. Then by analyzing the importance of characteristic variables, the structure of the model is optimized, and the input and output of the model are reasonably selected, which are embedded into the control system to realize the coordinated control of the current. Finally, comparative experiment shows that the proposed method can improve the efficiency of PMSMs in the whole speed range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Machines & Control / Dianji Yu Kongzhi Xuebao is the property of Electric Machines & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Machines & Control / Dianji Yu Kongzhi Xuebao is the property of Electric Machines & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Machines & Control / Dianji Yu Kongzhi Xuebao is the property of Electric Machines & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Machines & Control / Dianji Yu Kongzhi Xuebao is the property of Electric Machines & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This paper comprehensively analyses the radial electromagnetic (EM) force by unit area and vibration characteristics in a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). This provides the possibility to verify the action law, causes, and influencing factors of vibration deformation and provides new ideas for vibration management. Methods: Analytical and finite-element (FE) methods are utilized to deduce the spatial–temporal distribution of radial electromagnetic force and determine the force wave order with significant influence. Accordingly, the air-gap permeance is simplified as the superposition of constant and first-order variable permeance, and the air-gap flux density is regarded as spatial discretization and time continuity. After double equivalence, a theoretical analysis model is established, which is suitable for PMSM with the cogged stator, smooth rotor surface (CSSR) and smooth stator surface, and cogged rotor (SSCR). This model is utilized to analyze the vibration characteristics of the motor, including the deformation law. Results: The deformation law is in good agreement with FE analysis and experimental data, demonstrating the rationality of the hypothesis and the correctness of the theoretical analysis model. Conclusions: The theoretical analysis model shows that the motor deformation is mainly attributed to the total concentrated force and additional bending moment and is related to slot/pole combinations and pole-arc coefficient, which lays the foundation for vibration reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Machine Tool & Hydraulics is the property of Guangzhou Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (GMERI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system with small dc‐link capacitor will have the problem of unstable drive system due to the small damping of the LC filter and the negative impedance characteristics of the constant power load. The input LC filter can suppress interference and is essential for the normal operation of the drive, but it may not match the impedance of the post‐stage inverter, causing the drive system to become unstable. In this paper, by constructing the dc‐link voltage prediction model, combined with the PMSM current predictive control, the weighted cost function of the model predictive control (MPC) strategy is designed to realize the motor optimal control and the dc‐link voltage fluctuation suppression control. To avoid introducing additional sensors when constructing the dc‐link voltage model, a source state observer that can estimate the dc‐link voltage and input current is constructed. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Machines & Control / Dianji Yu Kongzhi Xuebao is the property of Electric Machines & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Machines & Control / Dianji Yu Kongzhi Xuebao is the property of Electric Machines & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Electric vehicles (EVs) are now having a great interest, not only from researchers or manufacturers but from governments and people. Therefore, research and development for this type of vehicle are very important and even reach the point of necessity. The thermal performance of this type of these vehicles is very important and it needs to be studied because it has a great impact on the efficiency of these vehicles entirely. Therefore, this work extracts the heat of the most vital part of these vehicles, which is the electric motor. Now, the most common installed motor for EVs is the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Sometimes it is hardly to install sufficient sensors to measure the temperature of the motor accurately, but through measurements of current and by referring to the specifications of the motor, we can expect the temperatures for this engine. For a large number of experiments, all feasible measurements were taken, and the results were saved to later become the data store required for the prediction process. Several machine learning tools have been used to get the best temperature prediction such as extra-tree, bagging k-nearest neighbors (KNN), voting regressor, random forest, and boosting algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chain drive system represents a critical subsystem within the scraper conveyor. This paper proposes a joint simulation model for the drive system of the scraper conveyor, driven by the permanent magnet synchronous motor, in order to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the chain drive system during the operational process. Firstly, the dynamic simulation model for the mining scraper conveyor's chain drive system was established in ADAMS, taking into account its structural characteristics. Then, the mathematical model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor was established using the coordinate transformation theory, and the speed controller based on vector control was designed by using the theory related to sliding mode control. The coupling relationship between the chain drive system of the scraper conveyor and the permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system was investigated. Finally, a joint simulation model of the mechanical system and motor control system was created using ADAMS (View 2019) and MATLAB/Simulink (2020a). The dynamic characteristics of the chain drive system were analyzed, and the three typical working conditions of no load, half load, and rated load were considered. The results show that the contact force between the flat ring and the sprocket undergoes an initial increase, followed by a decrease, and finally another increase. As the load increases from no load to full load, there is a marked increase in the contact force between the loaded side chainrings. Due to the polygon effect, both the speed curve of the permanent magnet drive motor and the contact force curve between the ring chains exhibit periodic fluctuations. The research in this paper provides an idea for the coupling analysis of the scraper conveyor electromechanical system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decade, car manufacturers have started electrifying the traction chain of their vehicles. Although these vehicles attract more and more drivers, most of them have a limited range and are prohibitively expensive. Manufacturers must therefore offer high-performance conversion chains (particularly in terms of efficiency) while controlling costs. The power converter is a particularly crucial element of the conversion chains: it supplies the traction motor, and its structure and the way it is controlled can greatly influence the overall efficiency of the drive train. This paper studies two conversion structures that can be used as vehicle power converters, which are modeled and associated with an electric machine. The first is a classical three-phase inverter, and the second is a breakthrough architecture called IBIS (Intelligent Battery Integrated System). This battery integrates the conversion function directly into the battery, which reduces material costs. Two loss phenomena are also studied and modeled (with the help of finite element methods): iron losses in the electrical machine (magnetic losses in the ferromagnetic material used) and copper losses in the conductors (AC and DC losses in the conductors). The impact of the architecture is evaluated on a set of operating points from a road cycle standardized by the WLTP procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Machine Tool & Hydraulics is the property of Guangzhou Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (GMERI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a neural adaptive finite-time dynamic surface control for the permanent magnet synchronous motor system with time delays and asymmetric time-varying output constraint. The core challenge is how to address the time delays and asymmetric output constraint when designing a finite-time control scheme. Given this, a proper Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is introduced to address time delays, and a nonlinear transformation function is considered to convert the output-constrained problem into an unconstrained one. Then, a neural adaptive finite-time dynamic surface control approach is devised in the finite-time backstepping framework, which applies neural networks to estimate the unknown nonlinear functions and introduces first-order filters to solve the "explosion of complexity" problems. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that all the signals of the resulting system are finite-time stable and the tracking error converges to a neighborhood of origin in finite time without violating the output constraint. Finally, the simulation results show that the integration of squared error results, the integral of time and absolute error results as well as the integration of absolute value error results of the proposed scheme is smaller than the tested scheme by 0.3458 R a d 2 , 22.2977 R a d ⋅ s , and 2.2513 R a d , respectively, when the time delays are considered. It further elucidates the availability and superiority of the developed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new direct torque control method for three-level direct matrix converter permanent magnet synchronous motor (TLDMC-PMSM) based on the modulation coefficient optimization method (MCOM) is proposed to address the problems of large torque chain pulsation, amplitude disorder and weak system robustness in matrix converter permanent magnet synchronous motor system (MC-PMSM) using direct torque control (DTC). In the paper, firstly, the principle of MC-PMSM-DTC system is described; secondly, the two-level MC is replaced by TLDMC, the speed loop is cascade spiral sliding mode control, the torque magnetic chain loop is super twisting sliding mode control-direct torque control to replace the traditional PI control, and the modulation coefficient optimal method is introduced to reduce the drawback of gradually increasing motor torque fluctuation, and then the accurate control of PMSM is realized; finally, the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method are verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation software and hardware experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permanent magnet synchronous motor-powered electric vehicles control is the subject of various research work. However, their global dynamic models are nonlinear and coupled. Therefore, to achieve efficient operation, an effective control system is crucial. In this study, we propose and compare linear H-Infinity and Galerkin approximation approach for Nonlinear H-Infinity control strategies to improve the durability and performance of post-driven speed in electric vehicles. In the case of linear systems, the linear H-Infinity controller is found by solving the algebraic equation known as the Riccati equation. On the other hand, the control problem based nonlinear H-Infinity poses challenges because it involves solving a nonlinear partial differential equation known as name of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation, which is difficult or even impossible to solve by using analytical methods. In these situations, the Galerkin approximation approach provides an approximation to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation solution. In order to evaluate the performance of Galerkin approximation approach and linear H-Infinity controllers, electric vehicle feedback simulations will be conducted, taking into account different constraints. The goal is to ensure efficient operation in different situations. The results demonstrate that the Galerkin approximation Approach for nonlinear H-Infinity controller reveals a similar performance and durability as the H-Infinity controller, and stands out for its ability to optimize the control system performance of the EV, providing a faster response, reducing undesirable ripples, and enhancing overall stability and precision. Generally, this comparative study brings to light the effectiveness of linear and Galerkin approximations for H-Infinity control in permanent magnet synchronous motor-powered electric vehicles. The results contribute to the advancement of control strategies and provide valuable information for the conception and employment of efficient electric vehicle control systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Machines & Control / Dianji Yu Kongzhi Xuebao is the property of Electric Machines & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Machines & Control / Dianji Yu Kongzhi Xuebao is the property of Electric Machines & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Traditional sliding mode control tends to generate big jitters and large control gains. In this paper, a sliding mode PI hybrid control strategy based on a new reaching law is proposed. Based on the traditional exponential reaching law, a hybrid control strategy based on a new reaching law to address the system jiUers is designed. As the motor starts, it works together with PI regulator to reduce the starting current. Since the salient pole effect and model error affect the performance of three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor, the decoupled current PI control strategy is proposed. The feedforward decoupling compensation is introduced in the current loop, and the parameters of the current loop are adjusted by internal model control to improve the robustness and decoupling performance of the control system. The results of the simulation and experiment show the proposed control strategy improves the control precision and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) has increased in recent years due to their high efficiency, compact size, and low maintenance needs. Calculating iron loss in PMSMs is crucial for designing and optimizing PMSMs to achieve high efficiency and a long lifespan, as this can significantly affect motor performance. However, multiple factors influence the accuracy of iron loss calculations in PMSMs, including the intricate magnetic behavior of the motor under different operating conditions, as well as the influence of the motor's dynamic behavior during the operation process. This paper proposes a method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a recurrent neural network (RNN) to estimate the iron loss in PMSMs, independent of the empirical iron loss formula. This method establishes an iron loss calculation model considering high-order harmonics, rotating magnetization, and temperature factors. Accounting for the multifactor influence, the model studies the law of loss change under different magnetic flux densities, frequencies, and temperature conditions. To avoid the deviation problem caused by conventional polynomial fitting, a multilayer RNN and PSO are used to train and optimize the neural network. Iron loss in complex cases beyond the measurement range can be accurately estimated. The proposed method helps achieve a PMSM iron loss calculation model with broad applicability and high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Machine Tool & Hydraulics is the property of Guangzhou Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (GMERI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aiming at the problem that the traditional pulse vibration high-frequency voltage injection method is unable to identify the rotor initial position of the surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor due to the small convex polarity of the motor and the error in the sampling circuit, an improved pulse vibration high-frequency voltage injection method is proposed. The estimated D-axis is oriented to inject high-frequency sinusoidal voltage signals at three position angles of 0, 2π/3, and --2π/3 rad, and the magnitude of the high-frequency response current on the Q-axis is estimated by comparing the three times of the injected high-frequency voltage signals, which is then used to determine the initial position angle corresponding to the rotor location area. Then the estimated D-axis is directed to the initial position angle to continue to inject pulsating high-frequency voltage, closed-loop control, using the PI regulator to make the estimated Q-axis high-frequency response current convergence to zero, and finally through the polarity of the initial position of the rotor. Verification experiments are also carried out using the experimental platform with DSP 28379D as the control core, and the experimental results show that the method has a high position recognition accuracy and can effectively recognize the rotor position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents selected results of comparative analysis of prototype synchronous motors with permanent magnets intended for multichannel power supply. This types of motors are used where high reliability and safety are required - the so-called critical drives. Two designs with different method of making the stator winding were analyzed. The first prototype had a winding with a full pitch, while the second one had a winding with a fractional pitch. Both constructions with the same rotor (surface mounted magnets - SPM) allow to introduce some internal asymmetry (electrical and magnetic) in one of the motor channel. The tests included a few options of power supply - respectively: one, two and four channels in the conditions of symmetry and internal asymmetry simulated in channel A. Selected waveforms of currents and voltages have been shown. The mechanical characteristics of both motors were compared, taking into account multi-channel operation and selected cases of internal asymmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study investigates the chaos control in the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using a Lyapunov‐based model predictive approach subject to data loss. PMSM, as a rich nonlinear dynamic, can demonstrate chaotic behavior when its parameters are in a certain area. Thus, the performance of the system will degrade in this condition. Moreover, in some networked applications, especially in the modern automation industry, data can be lost at the sensor‐controller and controller‐actuator links. It will lead the system to illustrate the chaotic behavior. Thus, by assuming a PMSM under data loss, a Lyapunov‐based predictive model is applied to control the chaos in the PMSM in the presence of data loss. It shows that the PMSM system also be effective if the states of the system are not available or the system faces data loss. Sufficient conditions are discussed for the control of chaos in these conditions. Finally, the influence of the method on the control performance is evaluated via simulations on a nonlinear model for the PMSM.

Introduction. At present, the most important requirement in the field of electrical engineering is the better utilization of electrical power, due to its increasing demand and not-so-increasing availability. A permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is increasingly gaining popularity in various household and industrial applications because of its superior performance compared to conventional electrical motors. Purpose. PMSM is designed based on the selection of various design variables and optimized to fulfill the same. Being superiorly advantageous over other motors, PMSM has the major disadvantage of higher cogging torque. Higher cogging torque generates torque ripple in the PMSM motor leading to various problems like vibration, rotor stress, and noisy operation during starting and steady state. The designer should aim to reduce the cogging torque at the design stage itself for overall better performance. Methods. An interior rotor v-shaped web-type PMSM is designed and its performance analysis is carried out using finite element analysis (FEA). Magnet v-angle is optimized with the objective of cogging torque reduction. Performance comparison is carried out between the optimized motor and the initially designed motor with FEA. Novelty. Magnet v-angle analysis is performed on the same keeping all other parameters constant, to obtain minimum cogging torque. The proposed method is practically viable as it does not incur extra costs and manufacturing complexity. Practical value. It is observed that the magnet v-angle is an effective technique in the reduction of cogging torque. Cogging torque is reduced from 0.554 N×m to 0.452 N×m with the application of the magnet v-angle optimization technique.

In the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control system used proportional integral (PI) controller, a large resonance in high-frequency band will be generated through the PI controller. Additionally, high amount alternating current harmonics will be introduced to the PMSM caused by the inverter nonlinearity and other factors, which cannot be eliminated by PI controller. To eliminate the current harmonics in the control system, a novel current dual closed-loop scheme used the PI controller on the current inner loop and the repetitive controller on the current outer loop (cascaded PI-RC controller) is proposed in this paper. First of all, the reference current signal is added to the inner current loop, thus, the satisfied dynamic performance to the control system can be guaranteed. And then, the frequency characteristic and the resonance of the control plant are analysed. Furthermore, in order to suppress the periodic current harmonics for this PMSM, the internal model element and the compensator are studied for the current outer loop controller. Consequently, the stability of the proposed cascaded PI-RC controller is actual by Lyapunov theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed current dual closed-loop scheme is verified by simulation results.

The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) driven by the two-level voltage inverters features some drawbacks, such as dead-zone time, nonlinearity and other factors, leading to high amount harmonics in the stator currents. Additionally, the current harmonics amplitude will be decayed with the increasing of the harmonic order, and the main current harmonic components can be illustrated as 6th control signal harmonics. To improve the current harmonics suppression efficiency and maintain the simplicity of the PMSM driven system, the relationships between traditional repetitive controller and bandpass filter are analysed firstly. And then, a proportional–integral​ discrete Fourier transform repetitive control (PI-DFT-RC) scheme is proposed through adopting independent band-pass filters of state frequencies, which can provide infinite gain in stated frequency. Secondly, the discrete periodic signals for RC controller are analysed, and the lead step for DFT-RC controller is also studied, which can increase the signal tracking accuracy of the driven system. Furthermore, the stability of the driven system used PI-DFT-RC controller is analysed through Lyapunov theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed PI-DFT-RC controller is verified by simulation results.

In today's aircraft industry, the flight control system and landing gear system cannot be separated from the role of the hydraulic technology system. As the prime mover of the hydraulic pump or actuator hydraulic system, a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is used. This PMSM is a substitute for the role of conventional combustion engines, and PMSM is considered to have several advantages in increasing performance and efficiency. This research will develop a system to find parameter values for Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controllers in a hydraulic pump system that is installed as a load from PMSM and then observe and analyze the performance of the response of the synchronous motor system, namely in the form of changes in rotor rotation speed, torque electric power, and stator current on the q-axis. The results of the research on the characteristics of the PMSM implemented in the hydraulic pump system show that the LQG controller is more optimal when compared to the observer controller. The LQG controller is known to have a faster transient response, which is indicated by the value of the settling time improvement at no load, namely 116.67% for the observer controller and 364.705% without the controller. Then when the synchronous motor serves the nominal load, the rotational speed of the rotor produced in the steady state becomes 8.29% faster than the observer controller and 74.49% without the controller. This rotor's rotational speed affects the time the actuator needs to extend and retract motion.

In the field of high-power electric drives, multiphase motors have the advantages of high power-density, excellent fault tolerance and control flexibility. But their decoupling control and modulation process are much more complicated compared with three-phase motors due to the increased degree of freedom. Finite control set model predictive control can reduce the difficulties of controlling six-phase motors because it does not require modulation process. In this paper, a cascaded model predictive control strategy is proposed for the optimal control of high-power six-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors. Firstly, the current prediction model of torque and harmonic subspaces are established by decoupling the six-phase spatial variables. Secondly, a cascaded cost function with fault-tolerant capability is proposed to eliminate the weighting factor in the cost function. And finally, the proposed strategy is demonstrated through theoretical analysis and experiments. It is validated that the proposed method is able to maintain excellent steady-state control accuracy and fast dynamic response while significantly reduce the control complexity of the system. Besides, it can easily achieve fault-tolerant operation under open-phase fault.

This paper proposes a NCPM (Nano-composite coated permanent magnets)-based IPMSM (Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) electric drive system, especially applicable for electric vehicles (EV). For an EV, an increase in the “T/A (torque per ampere)” condition is highly recommended, as it directly affects the maximum distance run by EV on a single charge. Due to NCPM, a substantial increase in magnetic flux intensity, resistance to corrosion and Curie temperature are observed. As a result, the proposed drive clearly exhibits a higher power to weight ratio. Also, it is capable of delivering higher T/A to the drive system without any considerable change in two important factors of EV: (1) mass and volume of the drive system (2) battery capacity of the drive system. Moreover, NCPM performance is less susceptible to temperature variation, which makes it an appropriate candidate for vehicular applications, where temperature inconsistency could be a common issue during working conditions. Also, NCPM-based IPMSM offers a quicker speed response than conventional IPMSM, thus providing higher acceleration, which is one of the important performance factors for vehicular applications. A vector controlled mathematical model of IPMSM and NCPM-based IPMSM is tested for various speed commands. Also, the NCPM-based IPMSM, in the proposed configuration, is fed from a three-level DCMLI (diode clamped multi-level inverter), as the drive system is considered for medium to high power applications. A comparative performance analysis is carried out between the proposed drive system and a conventional IPMSM-based drive system using MATLAB/SIMULINK to indicate the efficacy of the proposed configuration.

Abstract To improve the anti‐interference ability and response speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor control system and the problem of excessive chattering when the speed loop of the system is controlled by fast second‐order Super‐Twisting sliding mode control, an improved second‐order Super‐Twisting sliding mode controller is designed to replace the previous speed loop controller. The current loop uses model prediction to control current, which can effectively suppress chattering and improve the robustness of the whole system. The simulation results show that the response time of the system using this algorithm is not only 0.141 s faster than that of the traditional proportional integral control but also the overshoot is reduced by 10%. Then, under different working conditions, the strategy in this paper is compared with the traditional control method, and good characteristics are obtained. Finally, the whole system is used for experimental analysis. The experimental results show that this strategy has good rapidity and robustness.

The output voltage of inverters is influenced by nonlinear factors such as dead time and voltage drops, injecting low-order harmonics. This results in fifth and seventh harmonic distortions in the stator current, causing periodic torque ripples and significantly affecting the control precision of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs). To address this issue, this paper proposes a control strategy named quasi-proportional-resonant sliding mode control (QPR-SMC). Initially, sliding mode control is employed as the current controller to enhance disturbance rejection capability and provide a rapid dynamic response. Subsequently, a quasi-proportional-resonant controller is introduced to extract the sixth harmonic component from the current, which is then used as a compensation term for the sliding mode control surface. Finally, the current tracking error and the compensation term are combined as inputs to the sliding mode control law, forming a current error-proportional resonant-sliding mode control surface. This approach enhances the harmonic suppression capability of the system. The results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reduces the fifth and seventh harmonic components in the three-phase current and mitigates motor jitter by suppressing the sixth harmonic in the d–q coordinate system.

In this paper, a Dual Winding Flux Modulation Machine (DWFMM) is proposed for variable speed application. The DWFMM is configured by adding windings to the Single Winding Flux Modulation Machine (SWFMM), consisting of a master winding that drives the motor and a slave winding that enables pole changing and performance enhancement. Through pole changing, the DWFMM can operate as two different machines: a Vernier Machine (VM) for varying speeds and torque operations and a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM). In the VM mode, flux enhancement is applied to improve torque, and in the PMSM mode, Flux Weakening is applied to increase speed. The characteristics of the two different operating modes were analyzed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to validate the machine’s performance. Finally, the DWFMM and SWFMM were designed and compared as variable speed application machines to confirm their suitability and superiority.

Finite-set model predictive control (FS-MPC) is an easy and intuitive control technique. However, parametric uncertainties reduce the accuracy of the prediction. Classical MPC requires many calculations; therefore, the calculation time generates a considerable time delay in the actuation. This delay deteriorates the performance of the system and generates a significant current ripple. This paper proposes a finite-set integral sliding modes predictive control (FS-ISMPC) for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The conventional decision function is replaced by an integral sliding cost function, which has several advantages, such as robustness to parameter uncertainties, and convergence in finite time. The proposed decision function does not require the inductance and resistance parameters of the motor. In addition, the proposal includes compensation for the calculation delay of the control vector. The proposed control strategy was compared with traditional predictive control with delay compensation using a real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. The results obtained from the comparison indicated that the proposed controller has a lower THD and computational burden.