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The contribution aims to retrace some particularly significant moments of the commitment of Nilde Iotti in promoting women’s rights. Iotti, a founding mother of the Republic and prominent figure of the Italian Communist Party (PCI), fought for the democratization of Italian society through women’s emancipation. This essay focuses on Iotti’s public role and political action from the election to the Constituent Assembly (1946) until the late Seventies. In 1979, indeed, Nilde Iotti - the “Lady of the Republic” – was elected President of the Chamber, as a result of a life devoted to political engagement. In particular, the focus of the essay is on Iotti’s major effort in supporting family transformations in Italian society, mainly on the role of women.

Il volume Una questione di provincia, pubblicato nel 2020 dalla napoletana editoriale Scienti fica, si concentra sull’analisi delle «forme peculiari della criminalità camorrista» (p. 15) tra età giolittiana e fascismo nell’area dell’agro napoletano estesa fra le pendici del Vesuvio e la piana di nola, la piana del Volturno e l’area intorno ad Aversa.

Contains fulltext : 239443.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) A recurring hypothesis in the literature is that "passive" social media use (browsing) leads to negative effects on well-being. This preregistered study investigated a rival hypothesis, which states that the effects of browsing on well-being depend on person-specific susceptibilities to envy, inspiration, and enjoyment. We conducted a three-week experience sampling study among 353 adolescents (13-15 years, 126 assessments per adolescent). Using an advanced N = 1 method of analysis, we found sizeable heterogeneity in the associations of browsing with envy, inspiration, and enjoyment (e.g., for envy ranging from β = -.44 to ß = +.71). The Passive Social Media Use Hypothesis was confirmed for 20% of adolescents and rejected for 80%. More adolescents with browsing-induced envy experienced negative effects on affective well-being (25%) than adolescents with no browsing-induced envy (13%). Conversely, more adolescents with browsing-induced enjoyment experienced positive effects on affective well-being (47%) than adolescents with no browsing-induced enjoyment (9%). Lay summary: 'A recurrent question among academics is whether social media browsing negatively affects teens' well-being. Some scholars believe that this browsing can lead to envy and declines in well-being. Others think that it can also lead to inspiration and enjoyment, and to increases in well-being. To investigate which scholars are right, we asked 353 teens to report six times a day for a period of three weeks how often they had browsed Instagram and Snapchat in the past hour. Furthermore, we asked them how much envy, inspiration, and enjoyment they had experienced in that hour, and how well they felt at that moment. We found sizeable differences among teens in the effects of browsing on well-being at that moment. While one group of teens (20%) felt worse after browsing, another group (17%) felt better. More teens who had felt envy while browsing, experienced negative effects on well-being than teens who did not feel such envy while browsing. Conversely, more teens who had felt enjoyment while browsing, experienced positive effects on well-being than teens who had not felt such enjoyment. 19 p.

Bismuth is a well-known therapeutic agent that is used primarily for treatment against peptic ulcers. It has also had success in protecting against nephrotoxicity caused by the anticancer compound cisplatin by inducing the liver and kidney metalloprotein, metallothionein (MT) that then binds to the cisplatin. MT is a small, ubiquitous protein that binds monovalent, divalent, and trivalent metals using its abundant cysteine thiols (20 cysteines in the mammalian protein). It is important in the understanding of both these therapeutic applications to explore in detail the earliest stages of MT binding to bismuth salts. In this paper, we explored the binding of [Bi(cit)]− and [Bi(EDTA)]− to apo-MT 1a as the most basic of binding motifs. It was found that both Bi3+ salts bound in a non-cooperative stepwise manner to terminal cysteinal thiolates at pH 2.6, 5.0, and 7.4. We report that [Bi(EDTA)]− only binds stepwise up to Bi6MT, whereas [Bi(cit)]− forms up to Bi8MT, where the 7th and 8th Bi3+ appear to be adducts. Stepwise speciation analysis provided the 7 binding constants that decreased systematically from K1 to K7 indicating a non-cooperative binding profile. They are reported as log K1 = 27.89, log K2 = 27.78, log K3 = 27.77, log K4 = 27.62, log K5 = 27.32, log K6 = 26.75, and log K7 = 26.12, with log K[Bi(cit)]− determined to be 24.17. Cysteine modifications with benzoquinone and iodoacetamide revealed that when apoMT is fully metallated with Bi3+ there are two free cysteines, meaning 18 cysteines are used in binding the 6 Bi3+. Kinetic studies showed that [Bi(EDTA)]− binds very slowly at pH 2.6 (k = 0.0290 × 106 M−1 s−1) and approximately 2000 times faster at pH 7.4 (k = 66.5 × 106 M−1 s−1). [Bi(cit)]− binding at pH 2.6 was faster than [Bi(EDTA)]− (k = 672 × 106 M−1 s−1) at either pH level. The data strongly support a non-clustered binding motif, emphasizing the non-traditional pathway reported previously for As3+.

Despite the crucial role of humor in t(w)eens’ media entertainment, we lack a theoretically informed approach to investigate the prevalence and co-occurrence of humor types in such entertainment. Therefore, this study tested a coding framework of humor in t(w)eens’ media entertainment by content-analyzing 107 television series (5,633 scenes) listed by 10- to 14-year-olds as their favorite. Results confirmed ten humor types (aggressive, slapstick, self-defeating, sexual, irreverent, coping, parody, wordplay, incongruity, absurdity) with aggressive humor most often and coping humor least often present (in 87.9% versus 23.4% of series, respectively). Humor types also frequently co-occurred, highlighting the need to revise existing theories.

Whether studies should rely on parent or child reports of parental mediation remains a much-debated question. We investigated the agreement between parent and adolescent reports of the frequency and style (autonomy-supportive, controlling, inconsistent) of restrictive and active mediation, and their relative validity. Results revealed perceptual differences, with parents reporting more autonomy-supportive mediation. With some exceptions, both parent and adolescent reports correlated with relevant criterion measures. Results suggest that parent and adolescent reports are equally valid to assess the frequency and style of mediation, and that both reports should be considered to obtain a complete understanding of parents’ mediation efforts.

Contains fulltext : 239438.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) The aim of this preregistered study was to compare and explain the effects of (a) time spent on social media (SM) and (b) the valence (positivity or negativity) of SM experiences on adolescents' self-esteem. We conducted a 3-week experience sampling (ESM) study among 300 adolescents (13-16 years; 126 assessments per adolescent; 21,970 assessments in total). Using an N = 1 method of analysis (Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling [DSEM]), we found that the within-person effects of time spent with SM on selfesteem ranged from strongly negative (ß = -.31) to moderately positive (β = +.27) across adolescents. Across all ESM observations of the valence of adolescents' SM experiences, 55% of these experiences were positive, 18% negative, and 27% neutral. Finally, 78% of adolescents experienced a positive within-person effect of the valence of SM experiences on self-esteem (β ≥ +.05), 19% no to a very small effect (-.05 < ß < +.05), and 3% a negative effect (ß

Literature reviews on how social media use affects adolescent mental health have accumulated at an unprecedented rate of late. Yet, a higher-level integration of the evidence is still lacking. We fill this gap with an up-to-date umbrella review, a review of reviews published between 2019 and mid-2021. Our search yielded 25 reviews: seven meta-analyses, nine systematic, and nine narrative reviews. Results showed that most reviews interpreted the associations between social media use and mental health as ‘weak’ or ‘inconsistent,’ whereas a few qualified the same associations as ‘substantial’ and ‘deleterious.’ We summarize the gaps identified in the reviews, provide an explanation for their diverging interpretations, and suggest several avenues for future research.

A recurring claim in the literature is that active social media use (ASMU) leads to increases in well-being, whereas passive social media use (PSMU) leads to decreases in well-being. The aim of this review was to investigate the validity of this claim by comparing the operationalizations and results of studies into the association of ASMU and PSMU with well-being (e.g. happiness) and ill-being (e.g. depressive symptoms). We found 40 survey-based studies, which utilized a hodgepodge of 36 operationalizations of ASMU and PSMU and which yielded 172 associations of ASMU and/or PSMU with well-/ill-being. Most studies did not support the hypothesized associations of ASMU and PSMU with well-/ill-being. Time spent on ASMU and PSMU may be too coarse to lead to meaningful associations with well-/ill-being. Therefore, future studies should take characteristics of the content of social media (e.g. the valence), its senders (e.g. pre-existing mood), and receivers (e.g. differential susceptibility) into account.

Review